Merge branch 'libarchive-upstream' into update-libarchive

Add Utilities/cmlibarchive using upstream libarchive 3.0.0-r3950
snapshot.

1 files changed, 4228 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Utilities/cmlibarchive/libarchive/archive_string.c b/Utilities/cmlibarchive/libarchive/archive_string.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e95dd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Utilities/cmlibarchive/libarchive/archive_string.c
@@ -0,0 +1,4228 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2003-2011 Tim Kientzle
+ * Copyright (c) 2011 Michihiro NAKAJIMA
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include "archive_platform.h"
+__FBSDID("$FreeBSD: head/lib/libarchive/archive_string.c 201095 2009-12-28 02:33:22Z kientzle $");
+
+/*
+ * Basic resizable string support, to simplify manipulating arbitrary-sized
+ * strings while minimizing heap activity.
+ *
+ * In particular, the buffer used by a string object is only grown, it
+ * never shrinks, so you can clear and reuse the same string object
+ * without incurring additional memory allocations.
+ */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_ERRNO_H
+#include <errno.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_ICONV_H
+#include <iconv.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_LANGINFO_H
+#include <langinfo.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_LOCALCHARSET_H
+#include <localcharset.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_STDLIB_H
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_STRING_H
+#include <string.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_WCHAR_H
+#include <wchar.h>
+#endif
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#endif
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+#include <CoreServices/CoreServices.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "archive_endian.h"
+#include "archive_private.h"
+#include "archive_string.h"
+#include "archive_string_composition.h"
+
+#if !defined(HAVE_WMEMCPY) && !defined(wmemcpy)
+#define wmemcpy(a,b,i)  (wchar_t *)memcpy((a), (b), (i) * sizeof(wchar_t))
+#endif
+
+struct archive_string_conv {
+	struct archive_string_conv	*next;
+	char				*from_charset;
+	char				*to_charset;
+	unsigned			 from_cp;
+	unsigned			 to_cp;
+	/* Set 1 if from_charset and to_charset are the same. */
+	int				 same;
+	int				 flag;
+#define SCONV_TO_CHARSET	1	/* MBS is being converted to specified
+					 * charset. */
+#define SCONV_FROM_CHARSET	(1<<1)	/* MBS is being converted from
+					 * specified charset. */
+#define SCONV_BEST_EFFORT 	(1<<2)	/* Copy at least ASCII code. */
+#define SCONV_WIN_CP	 	(1<<3)	/* Use Windows API for converting
+					 * MBS. */
+#define SCONV_UTF8_LIBARCHIVE_2 (1<<4)	/* Incorrect UTF-8 made by libarchive
+					 * 2.x in the wrong assumption. */
+#define SCONV_NORMALIZATION_C	(1<<6)	/* Need normalization to be Form C.
+					 * Before UTF-8 characters are actually
+					 * processed. */
+#define SCONV_NORMALIZATION_D	(1<<7)	/* Need normalization to be Form D.
+					 * Before UTF-8 characters are actually
+					 * processed.
+					 * Currently this only for MAC OS X. */
+#define SCONV_TO_UTF8		(1<<8)	/* "to charset" side is UTF-8. */
+#define SCONV_FROM_UTF8		(1<<9)	/* "from charset" side is UTF-8. */
+#define SCONV_TO_UTF16BE 	(1<<10)	/* "to charset" side is UTF-16BE. */
+#define SCONV_FROM_UTF16BE 	(1<<11)	/* "from charset" side is UTF-16BE. */
+#define SCONV_TO_UTF16LE 	(1<<12)	/* "to charset" side is UTF-16LE. */
+#define SCONV_FROM_UTF16LE 	(1<<13)	/* "from charset" side is UTF-16LE. */
+#define SCONV_TO_UTF16		(SCONV_TO_UTF16BE | SCONV_TO_UTF16LE)
+#define SCONV_FROM_UTF16	(SCONV_FROM_UTF16BE | SCONV_FROM_UTF16LE)
+
+#if HAVE_ICONV
+	iconv_t				 cd;
+	iconv_t				 cd_w;/* Use at archive_mstring on
+				 	       * Windows. */
+#endif
+	/* A temporary buffer for normalization. */
+	struct archive_string		 utftmp;
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+	UnicodeToTextInfo		 uniInfo;
+	struct archive_string		 utf16nfc;
+	struct archive_string		 utf16nfd;
+#endif
+	int (*converter[2])(struct archive_string *, const void *, size_t,
+	    struct archive_string_conv *);
+	int				 nconverter;
+};
+
+#define CP_C_LOCALE	0	/* "C" locale only for this file. */
+#define CP_UTF16LE	1200
+#define CP_UTF16BE	1201
+
+#define IS_HIGH_SURROGATE_LA(uc) ((uc) >= 0xD800 && (uc) <= 0xDBFF)
+#define IS_LOW_SURROGATE_LA(uc)	 ((uc) >= 0xDC00 && (uc) <= 0xDFFF)
+#define IS_SURROGATE_PAIR_LA(uc) ((uc) >= 0xD800 && (uc) <= 0xDFFF)
+#define UNICODE_MAX		0x10FFFF
+#define UNICODE_R_CHAR		0xFFFD	/* Replacement character. */
+/* Set U+FFFD(Replacement character) in UTF-8. */
+#define UTF8_SET_R_CHAR(outp) do {		\
+			(outp)[0] = 0xef;	\
+			(outp)[1] = 0xbf;	\
+			(outp)[2] = 0xbd;	\
+} while (0)
+#define UTF8_R_CHAR_SIZE	3
+
+static struct archive_string_conv *find_sconv_object(struct archive *,
+	const char *, const char *);
+static void add_sconv_object(struct archive *, struct archive_string_conv *);
+static struct archive_string_conv *create_sconv_object(const char *,
+	const char *, unsigned, int);
+static void free_sconv_object(struct archive_string_conv *);
+static struct archive_string_conv *get_sconv_object(struct archive *,
+	const char *, const char *, int);
+static unsigned make_codepage_from_charset(const char *);
+static unsigned get_current_codepage(void);
+static unsigned get_current_oemcp(void);
+static size_t mbsnbytes(const void *, size_t);
+static size_t utf16nbytes(const void *, size_t);
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+static int archive_wstring_append_from_mbs_in_codepage(
+    struct archive_wstring *, const char *, size_t,
+    struct archive_string_conv *);
+static int archive_string_append_from_wcs_in_codepage(struct archive_string *,
+    const wchar_t *, size_t, struct archive_string_conv *);
+static int is_big_endian(void);
+static int strncat_in_codepage(struct archive_string *, const void *,
+    size_t, struct archive_string_conv *);
+static int win_strncat_from_utf16be(struct archive_string *, const void *, size_t,
+    struct archive_string_conv *);
+static int win_strncat_from_utf16le(struct archive_string *, const void *, size_t,
+    struct archive_string_conv *);
+static int win_strncat_to_utf16be(struct archive_string *, const void *, size_t,
+    struct archive_string_conv *);
+static int win_strncat_to_utf16le(struct archive_string *, const void *, size_t,
+    struct archive_string_conv *);
+#endif
+static int best_effort_strncat_from_utf16be(struct archive_string *, const void *,
+    size_t, struct archive_string_conv *);
+static int best_effort_strncat_from_utf16le(struct archive_string *, const void *,
+    size_t, struct archive_string_conv *);
+static int best_effort_strncat_to_utf16be(struct archive_string *, const void *,
+    size_t, struct archive_string_conv *);
+static int best_effort_strncat_to_utf16le(struct archive_string *, const void *,
+    size_t, struct archive_string_conv *);
+#if defined(HAVE_ICONV)
+static int iconv_strncat_in_locale(struct archive_string *, const void *,
+    size_t, struct archive_string_conv *);
+#endif
+static int best_effort_strncat_in_locale(struct archive_string *, const void *,
+    size_t, struct archive_string_conv *);
+static int _utf8_to_unicode(uint32_t *, const char *, size_t);
+static int utf8_to_unicode(uint32_t *, const char *, size_t);
+static inline uint32_t combine_surrogate_pair(uint32_t, uint32_t);
+static int cesu8_to_unicode(uint32_t *, const char *, size_t);
+static size_t unicode_to_utf8(char *, size_t, uint32_t);
+static int utf16_to_unicode(uint32_t *, const char *, size_t, int);
+static size_t unicode_to_utf16be(char *, size_t, uint32_t);
+static size_t unicode_to_utf16le(char *, size_t, uint32_t);
+static int strncat_from_utf8_libarchive2(struct archive_string *,
+    const void *, size_t, struct archive_string_conv *);
+static int strncat_from_utf8_to_utf8(struct archive_string *, const void *,
+    size_t, struct archive_string_conv *);
+static int archive_string_normalize_C(struct archive_string *, const void *,
+    size_t, struct archive_string_conv *);
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+static int archive_string_normalize_D(struct archive_string *, const void *,
+    size_t, struct archive_string_conv *);
+#endif
+static int archive_string_append_unicode(struct archive_string *,
+    const void *, size_t, struct archive_string_conv *);
+
+static struct archive_string *
+archive_string_append(struct archive_string *as, const char *p, size_t s)
+{
+	if (archive_string_ensure(as, as->length + s + 1) == NULL)
+		__archive_errx(1, "Out of memory");
+	memcpy(as->s + as->length, p, s);
+	as->length += s;
+	as->s[as->length] = 0;
+	return (as);
+}
+
+static struct archive_wstring *
+archive_wstring_append(struct archive_wstring *as, const wchar_t *p, size_t s)
+{
+	if (archive_wstring_ensure(as, as->length + s + 1) == NULL)
+		__archive_errx(1, "Out of memory");
+	wmemcpy(as->s + as->length, p, s);
+	as->length += s;
+	as->s[as->length] = 0;
+	return (as);
+}
+
+void
+archive_string_concat(struct archive_string *dest, struct archive_string *src)
+{
+	archive_string_append(dest, src->s, src->length);
+}
+
+void
+archive_wstring_concat(struct archive_wstring *dest, struct archive_wstring *src)
+{
+	archive_wstring_append(dest, src->s, src->length);
+}
+
+void
+archive_string_free(struct archive_string *as)
+{
+	as->length = 0;
+	as->buffer_length = 0;
+	free(as->s);
+	as->s = NULL;
+}
+
+void
+archive_wstring_free(struct archive_wstring *as)
+{
+	as->length = 0;
+	as->buffer_length = 0;
+	free(as->s);
+	as->s = NULL;
+}
+
+struct archive_wstring *
+archive_wstring_ensure(struct archive_wstring *as, size_t s)
+{
+	return (struct archive_wstring *)
+		archive_string_ensure((struct archive_string *)as,
+					s * sizeof(wchar_t));
+}
+
+/* Returns NULL on any allocation failure. */
+struct archive_string *
+archive_string_ensure(struct archive_string *as, size_t s)
+{
+	char *p;
+	size_t new_length;
+
+	/* If buffer is already big enough, don't reallocate. */
+	if (as->s && (s <= as->buffer_length))
+		return (as);
+
+	/*
+	 * Growing the buffer at least exponentially ensures that
+	 * append operations are always linear in the number of
+	 * characters appended.  Using a smaller growth rate for
+	 * larger buffers reduces memory waste somewhat at the cost of
+	 * a larger constant factor.
+	 */
+	if (as->buffer_length < 32)
+		/* Start with a minimum 32-character buffer. */
+		new_length = 32;
+	else if (as->buffer_length < 8192)
+		/* Buffers under 8k are doubled for speed. */
+		new_length = as->buffer_length + as->buffer_length;
+	else {
+		/* Buffers 8k and over grow by at least 25% each time. */
+		new_length = as->buffer_length + as->buffer_length / 4;
+		/* Be safe: If size wraps, fail. */
+		if (new_length < as->buffer_length) {
+			/* On failure, wipe the string and return NULL. */
+			archive_string_free(as);
+			errno = ENOMEM;/* Make sure errno has ENOMEM. */
+			return (NULL);
+		}
+	}
+	/*
+	 * The computation above is a lower limit to how much we'll
+	 * grow the buffer.  In any case, we have to grow it enough to
+	 * hold the request.
+	 */
+	if (new_length < s)
+		new_length = s;
+	/* Now we can reallocate the buffer. */
+	p = (char *)realloc(as->s, new_length);
+	if (p == NULL) {
+		/* On failure, wipe the string and return NULL. */
+		archive_string_free(as);
+		errno = ENOMEM;/* Make sure errno has ENOMEM. */
+		return (NULL);
+	}
+
+	as->s = p;
+	as->buffer_length = new_length;
+	return (as);
+}
+
+/*
+ * TODO: See if there's a way to avoid scanning
+ * the source string twice.  Then test to see
+ * if it actually helps (remember that we're almost
+ * always called with pretty short arguments, so
+ * such an optimization might not help).
+ */
+struct archive_string *
+archive_strncat(struct archive_string *as, const void *_p, size_t n)
+{
+	size_t s;
+	const char *p, *pp;
+
+	p = (const char *)_p;
+
+	/* Like strlen(p), except won't examine positions beyond p[n]. */
+	s = 0;
+	pp = p;
+	while (s < n && *pp) {
+		pp++;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return (archive_string_append(as, p, s));
+}
+
+struct archive_wstring *
+archive_wstrncat(struct archive_wstring *as, const wchar_t *p, size_t n)
+{
+	size_t s;
+	const wchar_t *pp;
+
+	/* Like strlen(p), except won't examine positions beyond p[n]. */
+	s = 0;
+	pp = p;
+	while (s < n && *pp) {
+		pp++;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return (archive_wstring_append(as, p, s));
+}
+
+struct archive_string *
+archive_strcat(struct archive_string *as, const void *p)
+{
+	/* strcat is just strncat without an effective limit. 
+	 * Assert that we'll never get called with a source
+	 * string over 16MB.
+	 * TODO: Review all uses of strcat in the source
+	 * and try to replace them with strncat().
+	 */
+	return archive_strncat(as, p, 0x1000000);
+}
+
+struct archive_wstring *
+archive_wstrcat(struct archive_wstring *as, const wchar_t *p)
+{
+	/* Ditto. */
+	return archive_wstrncat(as, p, 0x1000000);
+}
+
+struct archive_string *
+archive_strappend_char(struct archive_string *as, char c)
+{
+	return (archive_string_append(as, &c, 1));
+}
+
+struct archive_wstring *
+archive_wstrappend_wchar(struct archive_wstring *as, wchar_t c)
+{
+	return (archive_wstring_append(as, &c, 1));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get the "current character set" name to use with iconv.
+ * On FreeBSD, the empty character set name "" chooses
+ * the correct character encoding for the current locale,
+ * so this isn't necessary.
+ * But iconv on Mac OS 10.6 doesn't seem to handle this correctly;
+ * on that system, we have to explicitly call nl_langinfo()
+ * to get the right name.  Not sure about other platforms.
+ *
+ * NOTE: GNU libiconv does not recognize the character-set name
+ * which some platform nl_langinfo(CODESET) returns, so we should
+ * use locale_charset() instead of nl_langinfo(CODESET) for GNU libiconv.
+ */
+static const char *
+default_iconv_charset(const char *charset) {
+	if (charset != NULL && charset[0] != '\0')
+		return charset;
+#if HAVE_LOCALE_CHARSET && !defined(__APPLE__)
+	/* locale_charset() is broken on Mac OS */
+	return locale_charset();
+#elif HAVE_NL_LANGINFO
+	return nl_langinfo(CODESET);
+#else
+	return "";
+#endif
+}
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+
+/*
+ * Convert MBS to WCS.
+ * Note: returns -1 if conversion fails.
+ */
+int
+archive_wstring_append_from_mbs(struct archive_wstring *dest,
+    const char *p, size_t len)
+{
+	int r = archive_wstring_append_from_mbs_in_codepage(dest, p, len, NULL);
+	if (r != 0 && errno == ENOMEM)
+		__archive_errx(1, "No memory");
+	return (r);
+}
+
+static int
+archive_wstring_append_from_mbs_in_codepage(struct archive_wstring *dest,
+    const char *s, size_t length, struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	int count, ret = 0;
+	UINT from_cp;
+
+	if (sc != NULL)
+		from_cp = sc->from_cp;
+	else
+		from_cp = get_current_codepage();
+
+	if (from_cp == CP_C_LOCALE) {
+		/*
+		 * "C" locale special process.
+		 */
+		wchar_t *ws;
+		const unsigned char *mp;
+
+		if (NULL == archive_wstring_ensure(dest,
+		    dest->length + length + 1))
+			return (-1);
+
+		ws = dest->s + dest->length;
+		mp = (const unsigned char *)s;
+		count = 0;
+		while (count < (int)length && *mp) {
+			*ws++ = (wchar_t)*mp++;
+			count++;
+		}
+	} else if (sc != NULL && (sc->flag & SCONV_NORMALIZATION_C)) {
+		/*
+		 * Normalize UTF-8 and UTF-16BE and convert it directly
+		 * to UTF-16 as wchar_t.
+		 */
+		struct archive_string u16;
+		int saved_flag = sc->flag;/* save current flag. */
+
+		if (is_big_endian())
+			sc->flag |= SCONV_TO_UTF16BE;
+		else
+			sc->flag |= SCONV_TO_UTF16LE;
+
+		if (sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16) {
+			/*
+			 *  UTF-16BE/LE NFD ===> UTF-16 NFC
+			 */
+			count = utf16nbytes(s, length);
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 *  UTF-8 NFD ===> UTF-16 NFC
+			 */
+			count = mbsnbytes(s, length);
+		}
+		u16.s = (char *)dest->s;
+		u16.length = dest->length << 1;;
+		u16.buffer_length = dest->buffer_length;
+		ret = archive_string_normalize_C(&u16, s, count, sc);
+		dest->s = (wchar_t *)u16.s;
+		dest->length = u16.length >> 1;
+		dest->buffer_length = u16.buffer_length;
+		sc->flag = saved_flag;/* restore the saved flag. */
+		return (ret);
+	} else if (sc != NULL && (sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16)) {
+		count = utf16nbytes(s, length);
+		count >>= 1; /* to be WCS length */
+		/* Allocate memory for WCS. */
+		if (NULL == archive_wstring_ensure(dest,
+		    dest->length + count + 1))
+			return (-1);
+		wmemcpy(dest->s + dest->length, (wchar_t *)s, count);
+		if ((sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16BE) && !is_big_endian()) {
+			uint16_t *u16 = (uint16_t *)(dest->s + dest->length);
+			int b;
+			for (b = 0; b < count; b++) {
+				uint16_t val = archive_le16dec(u16+b);
+				archive_be16enc(u16+b, val);
+			}
+		} else if ((sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16LE) && is_big_endian()) {
+			uint16_t *u16 = (uint16_t *)(dest->s + dest->length);
+			int b;
+			for (b = 0; b < count; b++) {
+				uint16_t val = archive_be16dec(u16+b);
+				archive_le16enc(u16+b, val);
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		DWORD mbflag;
+
+		if (sc == NULL)
+			mbflag = 0;
+		else if (sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_CHARSET) {
+			/* Do not trust the length which comes from
+			 * an archive file. */
+			length = mbsnbytes(s, length);
+			mbflag = 0;
+		} else
+			mbflag = MB_PRECOMPOSED;
+
+		if (length == 0) {
+			/*
+			 * We do not need to convert any characters but make
+			 * sure `dest' has a valid buffer(no NULL pointer).
+			 */
+			if (NULL == archive_wstring_ensure(dest,
+			    dest->length + 1))
+				return (-1);
+			dest->s[dest->length] = L'\0';
+			return (0);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Count how many bytes are needed for WCS.
+		 */
+		count = MultiByteToWideChar(from_cp,
+		    mbflag, s, length, NULL, 0);
+		if (count == 0) {
+			if (dest->s == NULL) {
+				if (NULL == archive_wstring_ensure(dest,
+				    dest->length + 1))
+					return (-1);
+			}
+			dest->s[dest->length] = L'\0';
+			return (-1);
+		}
+		/* Allocate memory for WCS. */
+		if (NULL == archive_wstring_ensure(dest,
+		    dest->length + count + 1))
+			return (-1);
+		/* Convert MBS to WCS. */
+		count = MultiByteToWideChar(from_cp,
+		    mbflag, s, length, dest->s + dest->length, count);
+		if (count == 0)
+			ret = -1;
+	}
+	dest->length += count;
+	dest->s[dest->length] = L'\0';
+	return (ret);
+}
+
+#elif defined(HAVE_MBSNRTOWCS)
+
+/*
+ * Convert MBS to WCS.
+ * Note: returns -1 if conversion fails.
+ */
+int
+archive_wstring_append_from_mbs(struct archive_wstring *dest,
+    const char *p, size_t len)
+{
+	size_t r;
+	/*
+	 * No single byte will be more than one wide character,
+	 * so this length estimate will always be big enough.
+	 */
+	size_t wcs_length = len;
+	size_t mbs_length = len;
+	const char *mbs = p;
+	wchar_t *wcs;
+	mbstate_t shift_state;
+
+	memset(&shift_state, 0, sizeof(shift_state));
+	if (NULL == archive_wstring_ensure(dest, dest->length + wcs_length + 1))
+		__archive_errx(1,
+		    "No memory for archive_wstring_append_from_mbs()");
+	wcs = dest->s + dest->length;
+	r = mbsnrtowcs(wcs, &mbs, mbs_length, wcs_length, &shift_state);
+	if (r != (size_t)-1) {
+		dest->length += r;
+		dest->s[dest->length] = L'\0';
+		return (0);
+	}
+	dest->s[dest->length] = L'\0';
+	return (-1);
+}
+
+#else
+
+/*
+ * Convert MBS to WCS.
+ * Note: returns -1 if conversion fails.
+ */
+int
+archive_wstring_append_from_mbs(struct archive_wstring *dest,
+    const char *p, size_t len)
+{
+	size_t r;
+	/*
+	 * No single byte will be more than one wide character,
+	 * so this length estimate will always be big enough.
+	 */
+	size_t wcs_length = len;
+	size_t mbs_length = len;
+	const char *mbs = p;
+	wchar_t *wcs;
+#if HAVE_MBRTOWC
+	mbstate_t shift_state;
+
+	memset(&shift_state, 0, sizeof(shift_state));
+#endif
+	if (NULL == archive_wstring_ensure(dest, dest->length + wcs_length + 1))
+		__archive_errx(1,
+		    "No memory for archive_wstring_append_from_mbs()");
+	wcs = dest->s + dest->length;
+	/*
+	 * We cannot use mbsrtowcs/mbstowcs here because those may convert
+	 * extra MBS when strlen(p) > len and one wide character consis of
+	 * multi bytes.
+	 */
+	while (wcs_length > 0 && *mbs && mbs_length > 0) {
+#if HAVE_MBRTOWC
+		r = mbrtowc(wcs, mbs, wcs_length, &shift_state);
+#else
+		r = mbtowc(wcs, mbs, wcs_length);
+#endif
+		if (r == (size_t)-1 || r == (size_t)-2) {
+			dest->s[dest->length] = L'\0';
+			return (-1);
+		}
+		if (r == 0 || r > mbs_length)
+			break;
+		wcs++;
+		wcs_length--;
+		mbs += r;
+		mbs_length -= r;
+	}
+	dest->length = wcs - dest->s;
+	dest->s[dest->length] = L'\0';
+	return (0);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+
+/*
+ * WCS ==> MBS.
+ * Note: returns -1 if conversion fails.
+ *
+ * Win32 builds use WideCharToMultiByte from the Windows API.
+ * (Maybe Cygwin should too?  WideCharToMultiByte will know a
+ * lot more about local character encodings than the wcrtomb()
+ * wrapper is going to know.)
+ */
+int
+archive_string_append_from_wcs(struct archive_string *as,
+    const wchar_t *w, size_t len)
+{
+	int r = archive_string_append_from_wcs_in_codepage(as, w, len, NULL);
+	if (r != 0 && errno == ENOMEM)
+		__archive_errx(1, "No memory");
+	return (r);
+}
+
+static int
+archive_string_append_from_wcs_in_codepage(struct archive_string *as,
+    const wchar_t *ws, size_t len, struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	BOOL defchar_used, *dp;
+	int count, ret = 0;
+	UINT to_cp;
+	int wslen = (int)len;
+
+	if (sc != NULL)
+		to_cp = sc->to_cp;
+	else
+		to_cp = get_current_codepage();
+
+	if (to_cp == CP_C_LOCALE) {
+		/*
+		 * "C" locale special process.
+		 */
+		const wchar_t *wp = ws;
+		char *p;
+
+		if (NULL == archive_string_ensure(as,
+		    as->length + wslen +1))
+			return (-1);
+		p = as->s + as->length;
+		count = 0;
+		defchar_used = 0;
+		while (count < wslen && *wp) {
+			if (*wp > 255) {
+				*p++ = '?';
+				wp++;
+				defchar_used = 1;
+			} else
+				*p++ = (char)*wp++;
+			count++;
+		}
+	} else if (sc != NULL && (sc->flag & SCONV_TO_UTF16)) {
+		uint16_t *u16;
+
+		if (NULL ==
+		    archive_string_ensure(as, as->length + len * 2 + 2))
+			return (-1);
+		u16 = (uint16_t *)(as->s + as->length);
+		count = 0;
+		defchar_used = 0;
+		if (sc->flag & SCONV_TO_UTF16BE) {
+			while (count < (int)len && *ws) {
+				archive_be16enc(u16+count, *ws);
+				ws++;
+				count++;
+			}
+		} else {
+			while (count < (int)len && *ws) {
+				archive_le16enc(u16+count, *ws);
+				ws++;
+				count++;
+			}
+		}
+		count <<= 1; /* to be byte size */
+	} else {
+		/* Make sure the MBS buffer has plenty to set. */
+		if (NULL ==
+		    archive_string_ensure(as, as->length + len * 2 + 1))
+			return (-1);
+		do {
+			defchar_used = 0;
+			if (to_cp == CP_UTF8 || sc == NULL)
+				dp = NULL;
+			else
+				dp = &defchar_used;
+			count = WideCharToMultiByte(to_cp, 0, ws, wslen,
+			    as->s + as->length, as->buffer_length-1, NULL, dp);
+			if (count == 0 &&
+			    GetLastError() == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
+				/* Expand the MBS buffer and retry. */
+				if (NULL == archive_string_ensure(as,
+					as->buffer_length + len))
+					return (-1);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (count == 0)
+				ret = -1;
+		} while (0);
+	}
+	as->length += count;
+	as->s[as->length] = '\0';
+	return (defchar_used?-1:ret);
+}
+
+#elif defined(HAVE_WCSNRTOMBS)
+
+/*
+ * Translates a wide character string into current locale character set
+ * and appends to the archive_string.  Note: returns -1 if conversion
+ * fails.
+ */
+int
+archive_string_append_from_wcs(struct archive_string *as,
+    const wchar_t *w, size_t len)
+{
+	mbstate_t shift_state;
+	size_t r, ndest, nwc;
+	char *dest;
+	const wchar_t *wp, *wpp;
+	int ret_val = 0;
+
+	wp = w;
+	nwc = len;
+	ndest = len * 2;
+	/* Initialize the shift state. */
+	memset(&shift_state, 0, sizeof(shift_state));
+	while (nwc > 0) {
+		/* Allocate buffer for MBS. */
+		if (archive_string_ensure(as, as->length + ndest + 1) == NULL)
+			__archive_errx(1, "Out of memory");
+
+		dest = as->s + as->length;
+		wpp = wp;
+		r = wcsnrtombs(dest, &wp, nwc,
+		    as->buffer_length - as->length -1,
+		    &shift_state);
+		if (r == (size_t)-1) {
+			if (errno == EILSEQ) {
+				/* Retry conversion just for safe WCS. */
+				size_t xwc = wp - wpp;
+				wp = wpp;
+				r = wcsnrtombs(dest, &wp, xwc,
+				    as->buffer_length - as->length -1,
+				    &shift_state);
+				if (r == (size_t)-1)
+					/* This would not happen. */
+					return (-1);
+				as->length += r;
+				nwc -= wp - wpp;
+				/* Skip an illegal wide char. */
+				as->s[as->length++] = '?';
+				wp++;
+				nwc--;
+				ret_val = -1;
+				continue;
+			} else {
+				ret_val = -1;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		as->length += r;
+		if (wp == NULL || (wp - wpp) >= nwc)
+			break;
+		/* Get a remaining WCS lenth. */
+		nwc -= wp - wpp;
+	}
+	/* All wide characters are translated to MBS. */
+	as->s[as->length] = '\0';
+	return (ret_val);
+}
+
+#elif defined(HAVE_WCTOMB) || defined(HAVE_WCRTOMB)
+
+/*
+ * Translates a wide character string into current locale character set
+ * and appends to the archive_string.  Note: returns -1 if conversion
+ * fails.
+ */
+int
+archive_string_append_from_wcs(struct archive_string *as,
+    const wchar_t *w, size_t len)
+{
+	/* We cannot use the standard wcstombs() here because it
+	 * cannot tell us how big the output buffer should be.  So
+	 * I've built a loop around wcrtomb() or wctomb() that
+	 * converts a character at a time and resizes the string as
+	 * needed.  We prefer wcrtomb() when it's available because
+	 * it's thread-safe. */
+	int n, ret_val = 0;
+	char *p;
+	char *end;
+#if HAVE_WCRTOMB
+	mbstate_t shift_state;
+
+	memset(&shift_state, 0, sizeof(shift_state));
+#else
+	/* Clear the shift state before starting. */
+	wctomb(NULL, L'\0');
+#endif
+	/*
+	 * Allocate buffer for MBS.
+	 * We need this allocation here since it is possible that
+	 * as->s is still NULL.
+	 */
+	if (archive_string_ensure(as, as->length + len + 1) == NULL)
+		__archive_errx(1, "Out of memory");
+
+	p = as->s + as->length;
+	end = as->s + as->buffer_length - MB_CUR_MAX -1;
+	while (*w != L'\0' && len > 0) {
+		if (p >= end) {
+			as->length = p - as->s;
+			as->s[as->length] = '\0';
+			/* Re-allocate buffer for MBS. */
+			if (archive_string_ensure(as,
+			    as->length + len * 2 + 1) == NULL)
+				__archive_errx(1, "Out of memory");
+			p = as->s + as->length;
+			end = as->s + as->buffer_length - MB_CUR_MAX -1;
+		}
+#if HAVE_WCRTOMB
+		n = wcrtomb(p, *w++, &shift_state);
+#else
+		n = wctomb(p, *w++);
+#endif
+		if (n == -1) {
+			if (errno == EILSEQ) {
+				/* Skip an illegal wide char. */
+				*p++ = '?';
+				ret_val = -1;
+			} else {
+				ret_val = -1;
+				break;
+			}
+		} else
+			p += n;
+		len--;
+	}
+	as->length = p - as->s;
+	as->s[as->length] = '\0';
+	return (ret_val);
+}
+
+#else /* HAVE_WCTOMB || HAVE_WCRTOMB */
+
+/*
+ * TODO: Test if __STDC_ISO_10646__ is defined.
+ * Non-Windows uses ISO C wcrtomb() or wctomb() to perform the conversion
+ * one character at a time.  If a non-Windows platform doesn't have
+ * either of these, fall back to the built-in UTF8 conversion.
+ */
+int
+archive_string_append_from_wcs(struct archive_string *as,
+    const wchar_t *w, size_t len)
+{
+	(void)as;/* UNUSED */
+	(void)w;/* UNUSED */
+	(void)len;/* UNUSED */
+	return (-1);
+}
+
+#endif /* HAVE_WCTOMB || HAVE_WCRTOMB */
+
+/*
+ * Find a string conversion object by a pair of 'from' charset name
+ * and 'to' charset name from an archive object.
+ * Return NULL if not found.
+ */
+static struct archive_string_conv *
+find_sconv_object(struct archive *a, const char *fc, const char *tc)
+{
+	struct archive_string_conv *sc; 
+
+	if (a == NULL)
+		return (NULL);
+
+	for (sc = a->sconv; sc != NULL; sc = sc->next) {
+		if (strcmp(sc->from_charset, fc) == 0 &&
+		    strcmp(sc->to_charset, tc) == 0)
+			break;
+	}
+	return (sc);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Register a string object to an archive object.
+ */
+static void
+add_sconv_object(struct archive *a, struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	struct archive_string_conv **psc; 
+
+	/* Add a new sconv to sconv list. */
+	psc = &(a->sconv);
+	while (*psc != NULL)
+		psc = &((*psc)->next);
+	*psc = sc;
+}
+
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+
+static int
+createUniInfo(struct archive_string_conv *sconv)
+{
+	UnicodeMapping map;
+	OSStatus err;
+
+	map.unicodeEncoding = CreateTextEncoding(kTextEncodingUnicodeDefault,
+	    kUnicodeNoSubset, kUnicode16BitFormat);
+	map.otherEncoding = CreateTextEncoding(kTextEncodingUnicodeDefault,
+	    kUnicodeHFSPlusDecompVariant, kUnicode16BitFormat);
+	map.mappingVersion = kUnicodeUseLatestMapping;
+
+	sconv->uniInfo = NULL;
+	err = CreateUnicodeToTextInfo(&map, &(sconv->uniInfo));
+	return ((err == noErr)? 0: -1);
+}
+
+#endif /* __APPLE__ */
+
+static void
+add_converter(struct archive_string_conv *sc, int (*converter)
+    (struct archive_string *, const void *, size_t,
+     struct archive_string_conv *))
+{
+	if (sc == NULL || sc->nconverter >= 2)
+		__archive_errx(1, "Programing error");
+	sc->converter[sc->nconverter++] = converter;
+}
+
+static void
+setup_converter(struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+
+	/* Reset. */
+	sc->nconverter = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Perform special sequence for the incorrect UTF-8 filenames
+	 * made by libarchive2.x.
+	 */
+	if (sc->flag & SCONV_UTF8_LIBARCHIVE_2) {
+		add_converter(sc, strncat_from_utf8_libarchive2);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Convert a string to UTF-16BE/LE.
+	 */
+	if (sc->flag & SCONV_TO_UTF16) {
+		/*
+		 * If the current locale is UTF-8, we can translate
+		 * a UTF-8 string into a UTF-16BE string.
+		 */
+		if (sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF8) {
+			add_converter(sc, archive_string_append_unicode);
+			return;
+		}
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+		if (sc->flag & SCONV_WIN_CP) {
+			if (sc->flag & SCONV_TO_UTF16BE)
+				add_converter(sc, win_strncat_to_utf16be);
+			else
+				add_converter(sc, win_strncat_to_utf16le);
+			return;
+		}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(HAVE_ICONV)
+		if (sc->cd != (iconv_t)-1) {
+			add_converter(sc, iconv_strncat_in_locale);
+			return;
+		}
+#endif
+
+		if (sc->flag & SCONV_BEST_EFFORT) {
+			if (sc->flag & SCONV_TO_UTF16BE)
+				add_converter(sc, best_effort_strncat_to_utf16be);
+			else
+				add_converter(sc, best_effort_strncat_to_utf16le);
+		} else
+			/* Make sure we have no converter. */
+			sc->nconverter = 0;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Convert a string from UTF-16BE/LE.
+	 */
+	if (sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16) {
+		/*
+		 * At least we should normalize a UTF-16BE string.
+		 */
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+		if (sc->flag & SCONV_NORMALIZATION_D)
+			add_converter(sc,archive_string_normalize_D);
+		else
+#endif
+		if (sc->flag & SCONV_NORMALIZATION_C)
+			add_converter(sc, archive_string_normalize_C);
+
+		if (sc->flag & SCONV_TO_UTF8) {
+			/*
+			 * If the current locale is UTF-8, we can translate
+			 * a UTF-16BE/LE string into a UTF-8 string directly.
+			 */
+			if (!(sc->flag &
+			    (SCONV_NORMALIZATION_D |SCONV_NORMALIZATION_C)))
+				add_converter(sc,
+				    archive_string_append_unicode);
+			return;
+		}
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+		if (sc->flag & SCONV_WIN_CP) {
+			if (sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16BE)
+				add_converter(sc, win_strncat_from_utf16be);
+			else
+				add_converter(sc, win_strncat_from_utf16le);
+			return;
+		}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(HAVE_ICONV)
+		if (sc->cd != (iconv_t)-1) {
+			add_converter(sc, iconv_strncat_in_locale);
+			return;
+		}
+#endif
+
+		if ((sc->flag & (SCONV_BEST_EFFORT | SCONV_FROM_UTF16BE))
+		    == (SCONV_BEST_EFFORT | SCONV_FROM_UTF16BE))
+			add_converter(sc, best_effort_strncat_from_utf16be);
+		else if ((sc->flag & (SCONV_BEST_EFFORT | SCONV_FROM_UTF16LE))
+		    == (SCONV_BEST_EFFORT | SCONV_FROM_UTF16LE))
+			add_converter(sc, best_effort_strncat_from_utf16le);
+		else
+			/* Make sure we have no converter. */
+			sc->nconverter = 0;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF8) {
+		/*
+		 * At least we should normalize a UTF-8 string.
+		 */
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+		if (sc->flag & SCONV_NORMALIZATION_D)
+			add_converter(sc,archive_string_normalize_D);
+		else
+#endif
+		if (sc->flag & SCONV_NORMALIZATION_C)
+			add_converter(sc, archive_string_normalize_C);
+
+		/*
+		 * Copy UTF-8 string with a check of CESU-8.
+		 * Apparently, iconv does not check surrogate pairs in UTF-8
+		 * when both from-charset and to-charset are UTF-8, and then
+		 * we use our UTF-8 copy code.
+		 */
+		if (sc->flag & SCONV_TO_UTF8) {
+			/*
+			 * If the current locale is UTF-8, we can translate
+			 * a UTF-16BE string into a UTF-8 string directly.
+			 */
+			if (!(sc->flag &
+			    (SCONV_NORMALIZATION_D |SCONV_NORMALIZATION_C)))
+				add_converter(sc, strncat_from_utf8_to_utf8);
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+	/*
+	 * On Windows we can use Windows API for a string conversion.
+	 */
+	if (sc->flag & SCONV_WIN_CP) {
+		add_converter(sc, strncat_in_codepage);
+		return;
+	}
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_ICONV
+	if (sc->cd != (iconv_t)-1) {
+		add_converter(sc, iconv_strncat_in_locale);
+		return;
+	}
+#endif
+
+	/*
+	 * Try conversion in the best effort or no conversion.
+	 */
+	if ((sc->flag & SCONV_BEST_EFFORT) || sc->same)
+		add_converter(sc, best_effort_strncat_in_locale);
+	else
+		/* Make sure we have no converter. */
+		sc->nconverter = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return canonicalized charset-name but this supports just UTF-8, UTF-16BE
+ * and CP932 which are referenced in create_sconv_object().
+ */
+static const char *
+canonical_charset_name(const char *charset)
+{
+	char cs[16];
+	char *p;
+	const char *s;
+
+	if (charset == NULL || charset[0] == '\0'
+	    || strlen(charset) > 15)
+		return (charset);
+
+	/* Copy name to uppercase. */
+	p = cs;
+	s = charset;
+	while (*s) {
+		char c = *s++;
+		if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
+			c -= 'a' - 'A';
+		*p++ = c;
+	}
+	*p++ = '\0';
+
+	if (strcmp(cs, "UTF-8") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(cs, "UTF8") == 0)
+		return ("UTF-8");
+	if (strcmp(cs, "UTF-16BE") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(cs, "UTF16BE") == 0)
+		return ("UTF-16BE");
+	if (strcmp(cs, "UTF-16LE") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(cs, "UTF16LE") == 0)
+		return ("UTF-16LE");
+	if (strcmp(cs, "CP932") == 0)
+		return ("CP932");
+	return (charset);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create a string conversion object.
+ */
+static struct archive_string_conv *
+create_sconv_object(const char *fc, const char *tc,
+    unsigned current_codepage, int flag)
+{
+	struct archive_string_conv *sc; 
+
+	sc = calloc(1, sizeof(*sc));
+	if (sc == NULL)
+		return (NULL);
+	sc->next = NULL;
+	sc->from_charset = strdup(fc);
+	if (sc->from_charset == NULL) {
+		free(sc);
+		return (NULL);
+	}
+	sc->to_charset = strdup(tc);
+	if (sc->to_charset == NULL) {
+		free(sc);
+		free(sc->from_charset);
+		return (NULL);
+	}
+	archive_string_init(&sc->utftmp);
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+	archive_string_init(&sc->utf16nfc);
+	archive_string_init(&sc->utf16nfd);
+#endif
+
+	if (flag & SCONV_TO_CHARSET) {
+		/*
+		 * Convert characters from the current locale charset to
+		 * a specified charset.
+		 */
+		sc->from_cp = current_codepage;
+		sc->to_cp = make_codepage_from_charset(tc);
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+		if (IsValidCodePage(sc->to_cp))
+			flag |= SCONV_WIN_CP;
+#endif
+	} else if (flag & SCONV_FROM_CHARSET) {
+		/*
+		 * Convert characters from a specified charset to
+		 * the current locale charset.
+		 */
+		sc->to_cp = current_codepage;
+		sc->from_cp = make_codepage_from_charset(fc);
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+		if (IsValidCodePage(sc->from_cp))
+			flag |= SCONV_WIN_CP;
+#endif
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Check if "from charset" and "to charset" are the same.
+	 */
+	if (strcmp(fc, tc) == 0 ||
+	    (sc->from_cp != -1 && sc->from_cp == sc->to_cp))
+		sc->same = 1;
+	else
+		sc->same = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Mark if "from charset" or "to charset" are UTF-8 or UTF-16BE/LE.
+	 */
+	if (strcmp(tc, "UTF-8") == 0)
+		flag |= SCONV_TO_UTF8;
+	else if (strcmp(tc, "UTF-16BE") == 0)
+		flag |= SCONV_TO_UTF16BE;
+	else if (strcmp(tc, "UTF-16LE") == 0)
+		flag |= SCONV_TO_UTF16LE;
+	if (strcmp(fc, "UTF-8") == 0)
+		flag |= SCONV_FROM_UTF8;
+	else if (strcmp(fc, "UTF-16BE") == 0)
+		flag |= SCONV_FROM_UTF16BE;
+	else if (strcmp(fc, "UTF-16LE") == 0)
+		flag |= SCONV_FROM_UTF16LE;
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+	if (sc->to_cp == CP_UTF8)
+		flag |= SCONV_TO_UTF8;
+	else if (sc->to_cp == CP_UTF16BE)
+		flag |= SCONV_TO_UTF16BE | SCONV_WIN_CP;
+	else if (sc->to_cp == CP_UTF16LE)
+		flag |= SCONV_TO_UTF16LE | SCONV_WIN_CP;
+	if (sc->from_cp == CP_UTF8)
+		flag |= SCONV_FROM_UTF8;
+	else if (sc->from_cp == CP_UTF16BE)
+		flag |= SCONV_FROM_UTF16BE | SCONV_WIN_CP;
+	else if (sc->from_cp == CP_UTF16LE)
+		flag |= SCONV_FROM_UTF16LE | SCONV_WIN_CP;
+#endif
+
+	/*
+	 * Set a flag for Unicode NFD. Usually iconv cannot correctly
+	 * handle it. So we have to translate NFD characters to NFC ones
+	 * ourselves before iconv handles. Another reason is to prevent
+	 * that the same sight of two filenames, one is NFC and other
+	 * is NFD, would be in its directory.
+	 * On Mac OS X, although its filesystem layer automatically
+	 * convert filenames to NFD, it would be useful for filename
+	 * comparing to find out the same filenames that we normalize
+	 * that to be NFD ourselves.
+	 */
+	if ((flag & SCONV_FROM_CHARSET) &&
+	    (flag & (SCONV_FROM_UTF16 | SCONV_FROM_UTF8))) {
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+		if (flag & SCONV_TO_UTF8) {
+			if (createUniInfo(sc) == 0)
+				flag |= SCONV_NORMALIZATION_D;
+		} else
+#endif
+			flag |= SCONV_NORMALIZATION_C;
+	}
+
+#if defined(HAVE_ICONV)
+	sc->cd_w = (iconv_t)-1;
+	/*
+	 * Create an iconv object.
+	 */
+	if (((flag & (SCONV_TO_UTF8 | SCONV_TO_UTF16)) &&
+	    (flag & (SCONV_FROM_UTF8 | SCONV_FROM_UTF16))) ||
+	    (flag & SCONV_WIN_CP)) {
+		/* This case we won't use iconv. */
+		sc->cd = (iconv_t)-1;
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+	} else if ((flag & SCONV_FROM_CHARSET) && (flag & SCONV_TO_UTF8)) {
+		/*
+		 * In case reading an archive file.
+		 * Translate non-Unicode filenames in an archive file to
+		 * UTF-8-MAC filenames.
+		 */
+		sc->cd = iconv_open("UTF-8-MAC", fc);
+		if (sc->cd == (iconv_t)-1) {
+			if ((sc->flag & SCONV_BEST_EFFORT) &&
+			    strcmp(fc, "CP932") == 0) {
+				sc->cd = iconv_open("UTF-8-MAC", "SJIS");
+				if (sc->cd == (iconv_t)-1) {
+					sc->cd = iconv_open(tc, fc);
+					if (sc->cd == (iconv_t)-1)
+						sc->cd = iconv_open(tc, "SJIS");
+				}
+			} else
+				sc->cd = iconv_open(tc, fc);
+		}
+	} else if ((flag & SCONV_TO_CHARSET) && (flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF8)) {
+		/*
+		 * In case writing an archive file.
+		 * Translate UTF-8-MAC filenames in HFS Plus to non-Unicode
+		 * filenames.
+		 */
+		sc->cd = iconv_open(tc, "UTF-8-MAC");
+		if (sc->cd == (iconv_t)-1) {
+			if ((sc->flag & SCONV_BEST_EFFORT) &&
+			    strcmp(tc, "CP932") == 0) {
+				sc->cd = iconv_open("SJIS", "UTF-8-MAC");
+				if (sc->cd == (iconv_t)-1) {
+					sc->cd = iconv_open(tc, fc);
+					if (sc->cd == (iconv_t)-1)
+						sc->cd = iconv_open("SJIS", fc);
+				}
+			} else
+				sc->cd = iconv_open(tc, fc);
+		}
+#endif
+	} else {
+		sc->cd = iconv_open(tc, fc);
+		if (sc->cd == (iconv_t)-1 && (sc->flag & SCONV_BEST_EFFORT)) {
+			/*
+			 * Unfortunaly, all of iconv implements do support 
+			 * "CP932" character-set, so we should use "SJIS"
+			 * instead if iconv_open failed.
+			 */
+			if (strcmp(tc, "CP932") == 0)
+				sc->cd = iconv_open("SJIS", fc);
+			else if (strcmp(fc, "CP932") == 0)
+				sc->cd = iconv_open(tc, "SJIS");
+		}
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+		/*
+		 * archive_mstring on Windows directly convert multi-bytes
+		 * into archive_wstring in order not to depend on locale
+		 * so that you can do a I18N programing. This will be
+		 * used only in archive_mstring_copy_mbs_len_l so far.
+		 */
+		if (flag & SCONV_FROM_CHARSET) {
+			sc->cd_w = iconv_open("UTF-8", fc);
+			if (sc->cd_w == (iconv_t)-1 &&
+			    (sc->flag & SCONV_BEST_EFFORT)) {
+				if (strcmp(fc, "CP932") == 0)
+					sc->cd_w = iconv_open("UTF-8", "SJIS");
+			}
+		}
+#endif /* _WIN32 && !__CYGWIN__ */
+	}
+#endif	/* HAVE_ICONV */
+
+	sc->flag = flag;
+
+	/*
+	 * Setup converters.
+	 */
+	setup_converter(sc);
+
+	return (sc);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Free a string conversion object.
+ */
+static void
+free_sconv_object(struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	free(sc->from_charset);
+	free(sc->to_charset);
+	archive_string_free(&sc->utftmp);
+#if HAVE_ICONV
+	if (sc->cd != (iconv_t)-1)
+		iconv_close(sc->cd);
+	if (sc->cd_w != (iconv_t)-1)
+		iconv_close(sc->cd_w);
+#endif
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+	archive_string_free(&sc->utf16nfc);
+	archive_string_free(&sc->utf16nfd);
+	if (sc->uniInfo != NULL)
+		DisposeUnicodeToTextInfo(&(sc->uniInfo));
+#endif
+	free(sc);
+}
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+static unsigned
+my_atoi(const char *p)
+{
+	unsigned cp;
+
+	cp = 0;
+	while (*p) {
+		if (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9')
+			cp = cp * 10 + (*p - '0');
+		else
+			return (-1);
+		p++;
+	}
+	return (cp);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Translate Charset name (as used by iconv) into CodePage (as used by Windows)
+ * Return -1 if failed.
+ *
+ * Note: This translation code may be insufficient.
+ */
+static struct charset {
+	const char *name;
+	unsigned cp;
+} charsets[] = {
+	/* MUST BE SORTED! */
+	{"ASCII", 1252},
+	{"ASMO-708", 708},
+	{"BIG5", 950},
+	{"CHINESE", 936},
+	{"CP367", 1252},
+	{"CP819", 1252},
+	{"CP1025", 21025},
+	{"DOS-720", 720},
+	{"DOS-862", 862},
+	{"EUC-CN", 51936},
+	{"EUC-JP", 51932},
+	{"EUC-KR", 949},
+	{"EUCCN", 51936},
+	{"EUCJP", 51932},
+	{"EUCKR", 949},
+	{"GB18030", 54936},
+	{"GB2312", 936},
+	{"HEBREW", 1255},
+	{"HZ-GB-2312", 52936},
+	{"IBM273", 20273},
+	{"IBM277", 20277},
+	{"IBM278", 20278},
+	{"IBM280", 20280},
+	{"IBM284", 20284},
+	{"IBM285", 20285},
+	{"IBM290", 20290},
+	{"IBM297", 20297},
+	{"IBM367", 1252},
+	{"IBM420", 20420},
+	{"IBM423", 20423},
+	{"IBM424", 20424},
+	{"IBM819", 1252},
+	{"IBM871", 20871},
+	{"IBM880", 20880},
+	{"IBM905", 20905},
+	{"IBM924", 20924},
+	{"ISO-8859-1", 28591},
+	{"ISO-8859-13", 28603},
+	{"ISO-8859-15", 28605},
+	{"ISO-8859-2", 28592},
+	{"ISO-8859-3", 28593},
+	{"ISO-8859-4", 28594},
+	{"ISO-8859-5", 28595},
+	{"ISO-8859-6", 28596},
+	{"ISO-8859-7", 28597},
+	{"ISO-8859-8", 28598},
+	{"ISO-8859-9", 28599},
+	{"ISO8859-1", 28591},
+	{"ISO8859-13", 28603},
+	{"ISO8859-15", 28605},
+	{"ISO8859-2", 28592},
+	{"ISO8859-3", 28593},
+	{"ISO8859-4", 28594},
+	{"ISO8859-5", 28595},
+	{"ISO8859-6", 28596},
+	{"ISO8859-7", 28597},
+	{"ISO8859-8", 28598},
+	{"ISO8859-9", 28599},
+	{"JOHAB", 1361},
+	{"KOI8-R", 20866},
+	{"KOI8-U", 21866},
+	{"KS_C_5601-1987", 949},
+	{"LATIN1", 1252},
+	{"LATIN2", 28592},
+	{"MACINTOSH", 10000},
+	{"SHIFT-JIS", 932},
+	{"SHIFT_JIS", 932},
+	{"SJIS", 932},
+	{"US", 1252},
+	{"US-ASCII", 1252},
+	{"UTF-16", 1200},
+	{"UTF-16BE", 1201},
+	{"UTF-16LE", 1200},
+	{"UTF-8", CP_UTF8},
+	{"X-EUROPA", 29001},
+	{"X-MAC-ARABIC", 10004},
+	{"X-MAC-CE", 10029},
+	{"X-MAC-CHINESEIMP", 10008},
+	{"X-MAC-CHINESETRAD", 10002},
+	{"X-MAC-CROATIAN", 10082},
+	{"X-MAC-CYRILLIC", 10007},
+	{"X-MAC-GREEK", 10006},
+	{"X-MAC-HEBREW", 10005},
+	{"X-MAC-ICELANDIC", 10079},
+	{"X-MAC-JAPANESE", 10001},
+	{"X-MAC-KOREAN", 10003},
+	{"X-MAC-ROMANIAN", 10010},
+	{"X-MAC-THAI", 10021},
+	{"X-MAC-TURKISH", 10081},
+	{"X-MAC-UKRAINIAN", 10017},
+};
+static unsigned
+make_codepage_from_charset(const char *charset)
+{
+	char cs[16];
+	char *p;
+	unsigned cp;
+	int a, b;
+
+	if (charset == NULL || strlen(charset) > 15)
+		return -1;
+
+	/* Copy name to uppercase. */
+	p = cs;
+	while (*charset) {
+		char c = *charset++;
+		if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
+			c -= 'a' - 'A';
+		*p++ = c;
+	}
+	*p++ = '\0';
+	cp = -1;
+
+	/* Look it up in the table first, so that we can easily
+	 * override CP367, which we map to 1252 instead of 367. */
+	a = 0;
+	b = sizeof(charsets)/sizeof(charsets[0]);
+	while (b > a) {
+		int c = (b + a) / 2;
+		int r = strcmp(charsets[c].name, cs);
+		if (r < 0)
+			a = c + 1;
+		else if (r > 0)
+			b = c;
+		else
+			return charsets[c].cp;
+	}
+
+	/* If it's not in the table, try to parse it. */
+	switch (*cs) {
+	case 'C':
+		if (cs[1] == 'P' && cs[2] >= '0' && cs[2] <= '9') {
+			cp = my_atoi(cs + 2);
+		} else if (strcmp(cs, "CP_ACP") == 0)
+			cp = get_current_codepage();
+		else if (strcmp(cs, "CP_OEMCP") == 0)
+			cp = get_current_oemcp();
+		break;
+	case 'I':
+		if (cs[1] == 'B' && cs[2] == 'M' &&
+		    cs[3] >= '0' && cs[3] <= '9') {
+			cp = my_atoi(cs + 3);
+		}
+		break;
+	case 'W':
+		if (strncmp(cs, "WINDOWS-", 8) == 0) {
+			cp = my_atoi(cs + 8);
+			if (cp != 874 && (cp < 1250 || cp > 1258))
+				cp = -1;/* This may invalid code. */
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+	return (cp);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return ANSI Code Page of current locale set by setlocale().
+ */
+static unsigned
+get_current_codepage()
+{
+	char *locale, *p;
+	unsigned cp;
+
+	locale = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
+	if (locale == NULL)
+		return (GetACP());
+	if (locale[0] == 'C' && locale[1] == '\0')
+		return (CP_C_LOCALE);
+	p = strrchr(locale, '.');
+	if (p == NULL)
+		return (GetACP());
+	cp = my_atoi(p+1);
+	if (cp <= 0)
+		return (GetACP());
+	return (cp);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Translation table between Locale Name and ACP/OEMCP.
+ */
+static struct {
+	unsigned acp;
+	unsigned ocp;
+	const char *locale;
+} acp_ocp_map[] = {
+	{  950,  950, "Chinese_Taiwan" },
+	{  936,  936, "Chinese_People's Republic of China" },
+	{  950,  950, "Chinese_Taiwan" },
+	{ 1250,  852, "Czech_Czech Republic" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "Danish_Denmark" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "Dutch_Netherlands" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "Dutch_Belgium" },
+	{ 1252,  437, "English_United States" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "English_Australia" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "English_Canada" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "English_New Zealand" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "English_United Kingdom" },
+	{ 1252,  437, "English_United States" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "Finnish_Finland" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "French_France" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "French_Belgium" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "French_Canada" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "French_Switzerland" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "German_Germany" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "German_Austria" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "German_Switzerland" },
+	{ 1253,  737, "Greek_Greece" },
+	{ 1250,  852, "Hungarian_Hungary" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "Icelandic_Iceland" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "Italian_Italy" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "Italian_Switzerland" },
+	{  932,  932, "Japanese_Japan" },
+	{  949,  949, "Korean_Korea" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "Norwegian (BokmOl)_Norway" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "Norwegian (BokmOl)_Norway" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "Norwegian-Nynorsk_Norway" },
+	{ 1250,  852, "Polish_Poland" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "Portuguese_Portugal" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "Portuguese_Brazil" },
+	{ 1251,  866, "Russian_Russia" },
+	{ 1250,  852, "Slovak_Slovakia" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "Spanish_Spain" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "Spanish_Mexico" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "Spanish_Spain" },
+	{ 1252,  850, "Swedish_Sweden" },
+	{ 1254,  857, "Turkish_Turkey" },
+	{ 0, 0, NULL}
+};
+
+/*
+ * Return OEM Code Page of current locale set by setlocale().
+ */
+static unsigned
+get_current_oemcp()
+{
+	int i;
+	char *locale, *p;
+	size_t len;
+
+	locale = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
+	if (locale == NULL)
+		return (GetOEMCP());
+	if (locale[0] == 'C' && locale[1] == '\0')
+		return (CP_C_LOCALE);
+
+	p = strrchr(locale, '.');
+	if (p == NULL)
+		return (GetOEMCP());
+	len = p - locale;
+	for (i = 0; acp_ocp_map[i].acp; i++) {
+		if (strncmp(acp_ocp_map[i].locale, locale, len) == 0)
+			return (acp_ocp_map[i].ocp);
+	}
+	return (GetOEMCP());
+}
+#else
+
+/*
+ * POSIX platform does not use CodePage.
+ */
+
+static unsigned
+get_current_codepage()
+{
+	return (-1);/* Unknown */
+}
+static unsigned
+make_codepage_from_charset(const char *charset)
+{
+	(void)charset; /* UNUSED */
+	return (-1);/* Unknown */
+}
+static unsigned
+get_current_oemcp()
+{
+	return (-1);/* Unknown */
+}
+
+#endif /* defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__) */
+
+/*
+ * Return a string conversion object.
+ */
+static struct archive_string_conv *
+get_sconv_object(struct archive *a, const char *fc, const char *tc, int flag)
+{
+	struct archive_string_conv *sc;
+	unsigned current_codepage;
+
+	/* Check if we have made the sconv object. */
+	sc = find_sconv_object(a, fc, tc);
+	if (sc != NULL)
+		return (sc);
+
+	if (a == NULL)
+		current_codepage = get_current_codepage();
+	else
+		current_codepage = a->current_codepage;
+
+	sc = create_sconv_object(canonical_charset_name(fc),
+	    canonical_charset_name(tc), current_codepage, flag);
+	if (sc == NULL) {
+		if (a != NULL)
+			archive_set_error(a, ENOMEM,
+			    "Could not allocate memory for "
+			    "a string conversion object");
+		return (NULL);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If there is no converter for current string conversion object,
+	 * we cannot handle this conversion.
+	 */
+	if (sc->nconverter == 0) {
+		if (a != NULL) {
+#if HAVE_ICONV
+			archive_set_error(a, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+			    "iconv_open failed : Cannot handle ``%s''",
+			    (flag & SCONV_TO_CHARSET)?tc:fc);
+#else
+			archive_set_error(a, ARCHIVE_ERRNO_MISC,
+			    "A character-set conversion not fully supported "
+			    "on this platform");
+#endif
+		}
+		/* Failed; free a sconv object. */
+		free_sconv_object(sc);
+		return (NULL);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Success!
+	 */
+	if (a != NULL)
+		add_sconv_object(a, sc);
+	return (sc);
+}
+
+static const char *
+get_current_charset(struct archive *a)
+{
+	const char *cur_charset;
+
+	if (a == NULL)
+		cur_charset = default_iconv_charset("");
+	else {
+		cur_charset = default_iconv_charset(a->current_code);
+		if (a->current_code == NULL) {
+			a->current_code = strdup(cur_charset);
+			a->current_codepage = get_current_codepage();
+			a->current_oemcp = get_current_oemcp();
+		}
+	}
+	return (cur_charset);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Make and Return a string conversion object.
+ * Return NULL if the platform does not support the specified conversion
+ * and best_effort is 0.
+ * If best_effort is set, A string conversion object must be returned
+ * unless memory allocation for the object fails, but the conversion
+ * might fail when non-ASCII code is found.
+ */
+struct archive_string_conv *
+archive_string_conversion_to_charset(struct archive *a, const char *charset,
+    int best_effort)
+{
+	int flag = SCONV_TO_CHARSET;
+
+	if (best_effort)
+		flag |= SCONV_BEST_EFFORT;
+	return (get_sconv_object(a, get_current_charset(a), charset, flag));
+}
+
+struct archive_string_conv *
+archive_string_conversion_from_charset(struct archive *a, const char *charset,
+    int best_effort)
+{
+	int flag = SCONV_FROM_CHARSET;
+
+	if (best_effort)
+		flag |= SCONV_BEST_EFFORT;
+	return (get_sconv_object(a, charset, get_current_charset(a), flag));
+}
+
+/*
+ * archive_string_default_conversion_*_archive() are provided for Windows
+ * platform because other archiver application use CP_OEMCP for
+ * MultiByteToWideChar() and WideCharToMultiByte() for the filenames
+ * in tar or zip files. But mbstowcs/wcstombs(CRT) usually use CP_ACP
+ * unless you use setlocale(LC_ALL, ".OCP")(specify CP_OEMCP).
+ * So we should make a string conversion between CP_ACP and CP_OEMCP
+ * for compatibillty.
+ */
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+struct archive_string_conv *
+archive_string_default_conversion_for_read(struct archive *a)
+{
+	const char *cur_charset = get_current_charset(a);
+	char oemcp[16];
+
+	/* NOTE: a check of cur_charset is unneeded but we need
+	 * that get_current_charset() has been surely called at
+	 * this time whatever C compiler optimized. */
+	if (cur_charset != NULL &&
+	    (a->current_codepage == CP_C_LOCALE ||
+	     a->current_codepage == a->current_oemcp))
+		return (NULL);/* no conversion. */
+
+	_snprintf(oemcp, sizeof(oemcp)-1, "CP%d", a->current_oemcp);
+	/* Make sure a null termination must be set. */
+	oemcp[sizeof(oemcp)-1] = '\0';
+	return (get_sconv_object(a, oemcp, cur_charset,
+	    SCONV_FROM_CHARSET));
+}
+
+struct archive_string_conv *
+archive_string_default_conversion_for_write(struct archive *a)
+{
+	const char *cur_charset = get_current_charset(a);
+	char oemcp[16];
+
+	/* NOTE: a check of cur_charset is unneeded but we need
+	 * that get_current_charset() has been surely called at
+	 * this time whatever C compiler optimized. */
+	if (cur_charset != NULL &&
+	    (a->current_codepage == CP_C_LOCALE ||
+	     a->current_codepage == a->current_oemcp))
+		return (NULL);/* no conversion. */
+
+	_snprintf(oemcp, sizeof(oemcp)-1, "CP%d", a->current_oemcp);
+	/* Make sure a null termination must be set. */
+	oemcp[sizeof(oemcp)-1] = '\0';
+	return (get_sconv_object(a, cur_charset, oemcp,
+	    SCONV_TO_CHARSET));
+}
+#else
+struct archive_string_conv *
+archive_string_default_conversion_for_read(struct archive *a)
+{
+	(void)a; /* UNUSED */
+	return (NULL);
+}
+
+struct archive_string_conv *
+archive_string_default_conversion_for_write(struct archive *a)
+{
+	(void)a; /* UNUSED */
+	return (NULL);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Dispose of all character conversion objects in the archive object.
+ */
+void
+archive_string_conversion_free(struct archive *a)
+{
+	struct archive_string_conv *sc; 
+	struct archive_string_conv *sc_next; 
+
+	for (sc = a->sconv; sc != NULL; sc = sc_next) {
+		sc_next = sc->next;
+		free_sconv_object(sc);
+	}
+	a->sconv = NULL;
+	free(a->current_code);
+	a->current_code = NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return a conversion charset name.
+ */
+const char *
+archive_string_conversion_charset_name(struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	if (sc->flag & SCONV_TO_CHARSET)
+		return (sc->to_charset);
+	else
+		return (sc->from_charset);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Change the behavior of a string conversion.
+ */
+void
+archive_string_conversion_set_opt(struct archive_string_conv *sc, int opt)
+{
+	switch (opt) {
+	/*
+	 * A filename in UTF-8 was made with libarchive 2.x in a wrong
+	 * assumption that wchar_t was Unicode.
+	 * This option enables simulating the assumption in order to read
+	 * that filname correctly.
+	 */
+	case SCONV_SET_OPT_UTF8_LIBARCHIVE2X:
+#if (defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)) \
+	 || defined(__STDC_ISO_10646__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+		/*
+		 * Nothing to do for it since wchar_t on these platforms
+		 * is really Unicode.
+		 */
+		(void)sc; /* UNUSED */
+#else
+		if ((sc->flag & SCONV_UTF8_LIBARCHIVE_2) == 0) {
+			sc->flag |= SCONV_UTF8_LIBARCHIVE_2;
+			/* Re-setup string converters. */
+			setup_converter(sc);
+		}
+#endif
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ *
+ * Copy one archive_string to another in locale conversion.
+ *
+ *	archive_strncpy_in_locale();
+ *	archive_strcpy_in_locale();
+ *
+ */
+
+static size_t
+mbsnbytes(const void *_p, size_t n)
+{
+	size_t s;
+	const char *p, *pp;
+
+	if (_p == NULL)
+		return (0);
+	p = (const char *)_p;
+
+	/* Like strlen(p), except won't examine positions beyond p[n]. */
+	s = 0;
+	pp = p;
+	while (s < n && *pp) {
+		pp++;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return (s);
+}
+
+static size_t
+utf16nbytes(const void *_p, size_t n)
+{
+	size_t s;
+	const char *p, *pp;
+
+	if (_p == NULL)
+		return (0);
+	p = (const char *)_p;
+
+	/* Like strlen(p), except won't examine positions beyond p[n]. */
+	s = 0;
+	pp = p;
+	n >>= 1;
+	while (s < n && (pp[0] || pp[1])) {
+		pp += 2;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return (s<<1);
+}
+
+int
+archive_strncpy_in_locale(struct archive_string *as, const void *_p, size_t n,
+    struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	as->length = 0;
+	return (archive_strncat_in_locale(as, _p, n, sc));
+}
+
+int
+archive_strncat_in_locale(struct archive_string *as, const void *_p, size_t n,
+    struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	const void *s;
+	size_t length;
+	int i, r = 0, r2;
+
+	/* We must allocate memory even if there is no data for conversion
+	 * or copy. This simulates archive_string_append behavior. */
+	if (_p == NULL || n == 0) {
+		int tn = 1;
+		if (sc != NULL && (sc->flag & SCONV_TO_UTF16))
+			tn = 2;
+		if (archive_string_ensure(as, as->length + tn) == NULL)
+			return (-1);
+		as->s[as->length] = 0;
+		if (tn == 2)
+			as->s[as->length+1] = 0;
+		return (0);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If sc is NULL, we just make a copy.
+	 */
+	if (sc == NULL) {
+		length = mbsnbytes(_p, n);
+		/*
+		 * archive_string_append() will call archive_string_ensure()
+		 * but we cannot know if that call is failed or not. so
+		 * we call archive_string_ensure() here.
+		 */
+		if (archive_string_ensure(as, as->length + length + 1) == NULL)
+			return (-1);
+		archive_string_append(as, _p, length);
+		return (0);
+	}
+
+	if (sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16)
+		length = utf16nbytes(_p, n);
+	else
+		length = mbsnbytes(_p, n);
+	s = _p;
+	i = 0;
+	if (sc->nconverter > 1) {
+		sc->utftmp.length = 0;
+		r2 = sc->converter[0](&(sc->utftmp), s, length, sc);
+		if (r2 != 0 && errno == ENOMEM)
+			return (r2);
+		if (r > r2)
+			r = r2;
+		s = sc->utftmp.s;
+		length = sc->utftmp.length;
+		++i;
+	}
+	r2 = sc->converter[i](as, s, length, sc);
+	if (r > r2)
+		r = r2;
+	return (r);
+}
+
+#if HAVE_ICONV
+
+/*
+ * Return -1 if conversion failes.
+ */
+static int
+iconv_strncat_in_locale(struct archive_string *as, const void *_p,
+    size_t length, struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	ICONV_CONST char *inp;
+	size_t remaining;
+	iconv_t cd;
+	char *outp;
+	size_t avail, bs;
+	int return_value = 0; /* success */
+	int to_size, from_size;
+
+	if (sc->flag & SCONV_TO_UTF16)
+		to_size = 2;
+	else
+		to_size = 1;
+	if (sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16)
+		from_size = 2;
+	else
+		from_size = 1;
+
+	if (archive_string_ensure(as, as->length + length*2+to_size) == NULL)
+		return (-1);
+
+	cd = sc->cd;
+	inp = (char *)(uintptr_t)_p;
+	remaining = length;
+	outp = as->s + as->length;
+	avail = as->buffer_length - as->length - to_size;
+	while (remaining >= (size_t)from_size) {
+		size_t result = iconv(cd, &inp, &remaining, &outp, &avail);
+
+		if (result != (size_t)-1)
+			break; /* Conversion completed. */
+
+		if (errno == EILSEQ || errno == EINVAL) {
+			/*
+		 	 * If an output charset is UTF-8 or UTF-16BE/LE,
+			 * unknown character should be U+FFFD
+			 * (replacement character).
+			 */
+			if (sc->flag & (SCONV_TO_UTF8 | SCONV_TO_UTF16)) {
+				size_t rbytes;
+				if (sc->flag & SCONV_TO_UTF8)
+					rbytes = UTF8_R_CHAR_SIZE;
+				else
+					rbytes = 2;
+
+				if (avail < rbytes) {
+					as->length = outp - as->s;
+					bs = as->buffer_length +
+					    (remaining * to_size) + rbytes;
+					if (NULL ==
+					    archive_string_ensure(as, bs))
+						return (-1);
+					outp = as->s + as->length;
+					avail = as->buffer_length
+					    - as->length - to_size;
+				}
+				if (sc->flag & SCONV_TO_UTF8)
+					UTF8_SET_R_CHAR(outp);
+				else if (sc->flag & SCONV_TO_UTF16BE)
+					archive_be16enc(outp, UNICODE_R_CHAR);
+				else
+					archive_le16enc(outp, UNICODE_R_CHAR);
+				outp += rbytes;
+				avail -= rbytes;
+			} else {
+				/* Skip the illegal input bytes. */
+				*outp++ = '?';
+				avail--;
+			}
+			inp += from_size;
+			remaining -= from_size;
+			return_value = -1; /* failure */
+		} else {
+			/* E2BIG no output buffer,
+			 * Increase an output buffer.  */
+			as->length = outp - as->s;
+			bs = as->buffer_length + remaining * 2;
+			if (NULL == archive_string_ensure(as, bs))
+				return (-1);
+			outp = as->s + as->length;
+			avail = as->buffer_length - as->length - to_size;
+		}
+	}
+	as->length = outp - as->s;
+	as->s[as->length] = 0;
+	if (to_size == 2)
+		as->s[as->length+1] = 0;
+	return (return_value);
+}
+
+#endif /* HAVE_ICONV */
+
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+
+/*
+ * Translate a string from a some CodePage to an another CodePage by
+ * Windows APIs, and copy the result. Return -1 if conversion failes.
+ */
+static int
+strncat_in_codepage(struct archive_string *as,
+    const void *_p, size_t length, struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	const char *s = (const char *)_p;
+	struct archive_wstring aws;
+	size_t l;
+	int r, saved_flag;
+
+	archive_string_init(&aws);
+	saved_flag = sc->flag;
+	sc->flag &= ~(SCONV_NORMALIZATION_D | SCONV_NORMALIZATION_C);
+	r = archive_wstring_append_from_mbs_in_codepage(&aws, s, length, sc);
+	sc->flag = saved_flag;
+	if (r != 0) {
+		archive_wstring_free(&aws);
+		if (errno != ENOMEM)
+			archive_string_append(as, s, length);
+		return (-1);
+	}
+
+	l = as->length;
+	r = archive_string_append_from_wcs_in_codepage(
+	    as, aws.s, aws.length, sc);
+	if (r != 0 && errno != ENOMEM && l == as->length)
+		archive_string_append(as, s, length);
+	archive_wstring_free(&aws);
+	return (r);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test whether MBS ==> WCS is okay.
+ */
+static int
+invalid_mbs(const void *_p, size_t n, struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	const char *p = (const char *)_p;
+	unsigned codepage;
+	DWORD mbflag = MB_ERR_INVALID_CHARS;
+
+	if (sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_CHARSET)
+		codepage = sc->to_cp;
+	else
+		codepage = sc->from_cp;
+
+	if (codepage == CP_C_LOCALE)
+		return (0);
+	if (codepage != CP_UTF8)
+		mbflag |= MB_PRECOMPOSED;
+
+	if (MultiByteToWideChar(codepage, mbflag, p, n, NULL, 0) == 0)
+		return (-1); /* Invalid */
+	return (0); /* Okay */
+}
+
+#else
+
+/*
+ * Test whether MBS ==> WCS is okay.
+ */
+static int
+invalid_mbs(const void *_p, size_t n, struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	const char *p = (const char *)_p;
+	size_t r;
+
+	(void)sc; /* UNUSED */
+#if HAVE_MBRTOWC
+	mbstate_t shift_state;
+
+	memset(&shift_state, 0, sizeof(shift_state));
+#else
+	/* Clear the shift state before starting. */
+	mbtowc(NULL, NULL, 0);
+#endif
+	while (n) {
+		wchar_t wc;
+
+#if HAVE_MBRTOWC
+		r = mbrtowc(&wc, p, n, &shift_state);
+#else
+		r = mbtowc(&wc, p, n);
+#endif
+		if (r == (size_t)-1 || r == (size_t)-2)
+			return (-1);/* Invalid. */
+		if (r == 0)
+			break;
+		p += r;
+		n -= r;
+	}
+	return (0); /* All Okey. */
+}
+
+#endif /* defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__) */
+
+/*
+ * Basically returns -1 because we cannot make a conversion of charset
+ * without iconv but in some cases this would return 0.
+ * Returns 0 if all copied characters are ASCII.
+ * Returns 0 if both from-locale and to-locale are the same and those
+ * can be WCS with no error.
+ */
+static int
+best_effort_strncat_in_locale(struct archive_string *as, const void *_p,
+    size_t length, struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	size_t remaining;
+	char *outp;
+	const char *inp;
+	size_t avail;
+	int return_value = 0; /* success */
+
+	/*
+	 * If both from-locale and to-locale is the same, this makes a copy.
+	 * And then this checks all copied MBS can be WCS if so returns 0.
+	 */
+	if (sc->same) {
+		archive_string_append(as, _p, length);
+		return (invalid_mbs(_p, length, sc));
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If a character is ASCII, this just copies it. If not, this
+	 * assigns '?' charater instead but in UTF-8 locale this assigns
+	 * byte sequence 0xEF 0xBD 0xBD, which are code point U+FFFD,
+	 * a Replacement Character in Unicode.
+	 */
+	if (archive_string_ensure(as, as->length + length + 1) == NULL)
+		return (-1);
+
+	remaining = length;
+	inp = (const char *)_p;
+	outp = as->s + as->length;
+	avail = as->buffer_length - as->length -1;
+	while (*inp && remaining > 0) {
+		if (*inp < 0 && (sc->flag & SCONV_TO_UTF8)) {
+			if (avail < UTF8_R_CHAR_SIZE) {
+				as->length = outp - as->s;
+				if (NULL == archive_string_ensure(as,
+				    as->buffer_length + remaining +
+				    UTF8_R_CHAR_SIZE))
+					return (-1);
+				outp = as->s + as->length;
+				avail = as->buffer_length - as->length -1;
+			}
+			/*
+		 	 * When coping a string in UTF-8, unknown character
+			 * should be U+FFFD (replacement character).
+			 */
+			UTF8_SET_R_CHAR(outp);
+			outp += UTF8_R_CHAR_SIZE;
+			avail -= UTF8_R_CHAR_SIZE;
+			inp++;
+			remaining--;
+			return_value = -1;
+		} else if (*inp < 0) {
+			*outp++ = '?';
+			inp++;
+			remaining--;
+			return_value = -1;
+		} else {
+			*outp++ = *inp++;
+			remaining--;
+		}
+	}
+	as->length = outp - as->s;
+	as->s[as->length] = '\0';
+	return (return_value);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Unicode conversion functions.
+ *   - UTF-8 <===> UTF-8 in removing surrogate pairs.
+ *   - UTF-8 NFD ===> UTF-8 NFC in removing surrogate pairs.
+ *   - UTF-8 made by libarchive 2.x ===> UTF-8.
+ *   - UTF-16BE <===> UTF-8.
+ *
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Utility to convert a single UTF-8 sequence.
+ *
+ * Usually return used bytes, return used byte in negative value when
+ * a unicode character is replaced with U+FFFD.
+ * See also http://unicode.org/review/pr-121.html Public Review Issue #121
+ * Recommended Practice for Replacement Characters.
+ */
+static int
+_utf8_to_unicode(uint32_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n)
+{
+	static const char utf8_count[256] = {
+		 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,/* 00 - 0F */
+		 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,/* 10 - 1F */
+		 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,/* 20 - 2F */
+		 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,/* 30 - 3F */
+		 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,/* 40 - 4F */
+		 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,/* 50 - 5F */
+		 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,/* 60 - 6F */
+		 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,/* 70 - 7F */
+		 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,/* 80 - 8F */
+		 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,/* 90 - 9F */
+		 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,/* A0 - AF */
+		 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,/* B0 - BF */
+		 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,/* C0 - CF */
+		 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,/* D0 - DF */
+		 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,/* E0 - EF */
+		 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 /* F0 - FF */
+	};
+	int ch, i;
+	int cnt;
+	uint32_t wc;
+
+	/* Sanity check. */
+	if (n == 0)
+		return (0);
+	/*
+	 * Decode 1-4 bytes depending on the value of the first byte.
+	 */
+	ch = (unsigned char)*s;
+	if (ch == 0)
+		return (0); /* Standard:  return 0 for end-of-string. */
+	cnt = utf8_count[ch];
+
+	/* Invalide sequence or there are not plenty bytes. */
+	if ((int)n < cnt) {
+		cnt = n;
+		for (i = 1; i < cnt; i++) {
+			if ((s[i] & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
+				cnt = i;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		goto invalid_sequence;
+	}
+
+	/* Make a Unicode code point from a single UTF-8 sequence. */
+	switch (cnt) {
+	case 1:	/* 1 byte sequence. */
+		*pwc = ch & 0x7f;
+		return (cnt);
+	case 2:	/* 2 bytes sequence. */
+		if ((s[1] & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
+			cnt = 1;
+			goto invalid_sequence;
+		}
+		*pwc = ((ch & 0x1f) << 6) | (s[1] & 0x3f);
+		return (cnt);
+	case 3:	/* 3 bytes sequence. */
+		if ((s[1] & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
+			cnt = 1;
+			goto invalid_sequence;
+		}
+		if ((s[2] & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
+			cnt = 2;
+			goto invalid_sequence;
+		}
+		wc = ((ch & 0x0f) << 12)
+		    | ((s[1] & 0x3f) << 6)
+		    | (s[2] & 0x3f);
+		if (wc < 0x800)
+			goto invalid_sequence;/* Overlong sequence. */
+		break;
+	case 4:	/* 4 bytes sequence. */
+		if ((s[1] & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
+			cnt = 1;
+			goto invalid_sequence;
+		}
+		if ((s[2] & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
+			cnt = 2;
+			goto invalid_sequence;
+		}
+		if ((s[3] & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
+			cnt = 3;
+			goto invalid_sequence;
+		}
+		wc = ((ch & 0x07) << 18)
+		    | ((s[1] & 0x3f) << 12)
+		    | ((s[2] & 0x3f) << 6)
+		    | (s[3] & 0x3f);
+		if (wc < 0x10000)
+			goto invalid_sequence;/* Overlong sequence. */
+		break;
+	default: /* Others are all invalid sequence. */
+		if (ch == 0xc0 || ch == 0xc1)
+			cnt = 2;
+		else if (ch >= 0xf5 && ch <= 0xf7)
+			cnt = 4;
+		else if (ch >= 0xf8 && ch <= 0xfb)
+			cnt = 5;
+		else if (ch == 0xfc || ch == 0xfd)
+			cnt = 6;
+		else
+			cnt = 1;
+		if ((int)n < cnt)
+			cnt = n;
+		for (i = 1; i < cnt; i++) {
+			if ((s[i] & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
+				cnt = i;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		goto invalid_sequence;
+	}
+
+	/* The code point larger than 0x10FFFF is not leagal
+	 * Unicode values. */
+	if (wc > UNICODE_MAX)
+		goto invalid_sequence;
+	/* Correctly gets a Unicode, returns used bytes. */
+	*pwc = wc;
+	return (cnt);
+invalid_sequence:
+	*pwc = UNICODE_R_CHAR;/* set the Replacement Character instead. */
+	return (cnt * -1);
+}
+
+static int
+utf8_to_unicode(uint32_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n)
+{
+	int cnt;
+
+	cnt = _utf8_to_unicode(pwc, s, n);
+	/* Any of Surrogate pair is not leagal Unicode values. */
+	if (cnt == 3 && IS_SURROGATE_PAIR_LA(*pwc))
+		return (-3);
+	return (cnt);
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t
+combine_surrogate_pair(uint32_t uc, uint32_t uc2)
+{
+	uc -= 0xD800;
+	uc *= 0x400;
+	uc += uc2 - 0xDC00;
+	uc += 0x10000;
+	return (uc);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Convert a single UTF-8/CESU-8 sequence to a Unicode code point in
+ * removing surrogate pairs.
+ *
+ * CESU-8: The Compatibility Encoding Scheme for UTF-16.
+ *
+ * Usually return used bytes, return used byte in negative value when
+ * a unicode character is replaced with U+FFFD.
+ */
+static int
+cesu8_to_unicode(uint32_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n)
+{
+	uint32_t wc, wc2;
+	int cnt;
+
+	cnt = _utf8_to_unicode(&wc, s, n);
+	if (cnt == 3 && IS_HIGH_SURROGATE_LA(wc)) {
+		if (n - 3 < 3) {
+			/* Invalid byte sequence. */
+			goto invalid_sequence;
+		}
+		cnt = _utf8_to_unicode(&wc2, s+3, n-3);
+		if (cnt != 3 || !IS_LOW_SURROGATE_LA(wc2)) {
+			/* Invalid byte sequence. */
+			goto invalid_sequence;
+		}
+		wc = combine_surrogate_pair(wc, wc2);
+		cnt = 6;
+	} else if (cnt == 3 && IS_LOW_SURROGATE_LA(wc)) {
+		/* Invalid byte sequence. */
+		goto invalid_sequence;
+	}
+	*pwc = wc;
+	return (cnt);
+invalid_sequence:
+	*pwc = UNICODE_R_CHAR;/* set the Replacement Character instead. */
+	if (cnt > 0)
+		cnt *= -1;
+	return (cnt);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Convert a Unicode code point to a single UTF-8 sequence.
+ *
+ * NOTE:This function does not check if the Unicode is leagal or not.
+ * Please you definitely check it before calling this.
+ */
+static size_t
+unicode_to_utf8(char *p, size_t remaining, uint32_t uc)
+{
+	char *_p = p;
+
+	/* Translate code point to UTF8 */
+	if (uc <= 0x7f) {
+		if (remaining == 0)
+			return (0);
+		*p++ = (char)uc;
+	} else if (uc <= 0x7ff) {
+		if (remaining < 2)
+			return (0);
+		*p++ = 0xc0 | ((uc >> 6) & 0x1f);
+		*p++ = 0x80 | (uc & 0x3f);
+	} else if (uc <= 0xffff) {
+		if (remaining < 3)
+			return (0);
+		*p++ = 0xe0 | ((uc >> 12) & 0x0f);
+		*p++ = 0x80 | ((uc >> 6) & 0x3f);
+		*p++ = 0x80 | (uc & 0x3f);
+	} else if (uc <= UNICODE_MAX) {
+		if (remaining < 4)
+			return (0);
+		*p++ = 0xf0 | ((uc >> 18) & 0x07);
+		*p++ = 0x80 | ((uc >> 12) & 0x3f);
+		*p++ = 0x80 | ((uc >> 6) & 0x3f);
+		*p++ = 0x80 | (uc & 0x3f);
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * Undescribed code point should be U+FFFD
+		 * (replacement character).
+		 */
+		if (remaining < UTF8_R_CHAR_SIZE)
+			return (0);
+		UTF8_SET_R_CHAR(p);
+		p += UTF8_R_CHAR_SIZE;
+	}
+	return (p - _p);
+}
+
+static int
+utf16be_to_unicode(uint32_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n)
+{
+	return (utf16_to_unicode(pwc, s, n, 1));
+}
+
+static int
+utf16le_to_unicode(uint32_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n)
+{
+	return (utf16_to_unicode(pwc, s, n, 0));
+}
+
+static int
+utf16_to_unicode(uint32_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n, int be)
+{
+	const char *utf16 = s;
+	unsigned uc;
+
+	if (n == 0)
+		return (0);
+	if (n == 1) {
+		/* set the Replacement Character instead. */
+		*pwc = UNICODE_R_CHAR;
+		return (-1);
+	}
+
+	if (be)
+		uc = archive_be16dec(utf16);
+	else
+		uc = archive_le16dec(utf16);
+	utf16 += 2;
+		
+	/* If this is a surrogate pair, assemble the full code point.*/
+	if (IS_HIGH_SURROGATE_LA(uc)) {
+		unsigned uc2;
+
+		if (n >= 4) {
+			if (be)
+				uc2 = archive_be16dec(utf16);
+			else
+				uc2 = archive_le16dec(utf16);
+		} else
+			uc2 = 0;
+		if (IS_LOW_SURROGATE_LA(uc2)) {
+			uc = combine_surrogate_pair(uc, uc2);
+			utf16 += 2;
+		} else {
+	 		/* Undescribed code point should be U+FFFD
+		 	* (replacement character). */
+			*pwc = UNICODE_R_CHAR;
+			return (-2);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Surrogate pair values(0xd800 through 0xdfff) are only
+	 * used by UTF-16, so, after above culculation, the code
+	 * must not be surrogate values, and Unicode has no codes
+	 * larger than 0x10ffff. Thus, those are not leagal Unicode
+	 * values.
+	 */
+	if (IS_SURROGATE_PAIR_LA(uc) || uc > UNICODE_MAX) {
+	 	/* Undescribed code point should be U+FFFD
+	 	* (replacement character). */
+		*pwc = UNICODE_R_CHAR;
+		return (((int)(utf16 - s)) * -1);
+	}
+	*pwc = uc;
+	return ((int)(utf16 - s));
+}
+
+static size_t
+unicode_to_utf16be(char *p, size_t remaining, uint32_t uc)
+{
+	char *utf16 = p;
+
+	if (uc > 0xffff) {
+		/* We have a code point that won't fit into a
+		 * wchar_t; convert it to a surrogate pair. */
+		if (remaining < 4)
+			return (0);
+		uc -= 0x10000;
+		archive_be16enc(utf16, ((uc >> 10) & 0x3ff) + 0xD800);
+		archive_be16enc(utf16+2, (uc & 0x3ff) + 0xDC00);
+		return (4);
+	} else {
+		if (remaining < 2)
+			return (0);
+		archive_be16enc(utf16, uc);
+		return (2);
+	}
+}
+
+static size_t
+unicode_to_utf16le(char *p, size_t remaining, uint32_t uc)
+{
+	char *utf16 = p;
+
+	if (uc > 0xffff) {
+		/* We have a code point that won't fit into a
+		 * wchar_t; convert it to a surrogate pair. */
+		if (remaining < 4)
+			return (0);
+		uc -= 0x10000;
+		archive_le16enc(utf16, ((uc >> 10) & 0x3ff) + 0xD800);
+		archive_le16enc(utf16+2, (uc & 0x3ff) + 0xDC00);
+		return (4);
+	} else {
+		if (remaining < 2)
+			return (0);
+		archive_le16enc(utf16, uc);
+		return (2);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Copy UTF-8 string in checking surrogate pair.
+ * If any surrogate pair are found, it would be canonicalized.
+ */
+static int
+strncat_from_utf8_to_utf8(struct archive_string *as, const void *_p, size_t len,
+    struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	const char *s;
+	char *p, *endp;
+	int n, ret = 0;
+
+	(void)sc; /* UNUSED */
+
+	if (archive_string_ensure(as, as->length + len + 1) == NULL)
+		return (-1);
+
+	s = (const char *)_p;
+	p = as->s + as->length;
+	endp = as->s + as->buffer_length -1;
+	do {
+		uint32_t uc;
+		const char *ss = s;
+		size_t w;
+
+		/*
+		 * Forward byte sequence until a conversion of that is needed.
+		 */
+		while ((n = utf8_to_unicode(&uc, s, len)) > 0) {
+			s += n;
+			len -= n;
+		}
+		if (ss < s) {
+			if (p + (s - ss) > endp) {
+				as->length = p - as->s;
+				if (archive_string_ensure(as,
+				    as->buffer_length + len + 1) == NULL)
+					return (-1);
+				p = as->s + as->length;
+				endp = as->s + as->buffer_length -1;
+			}
+
+			memcpy(p, ss, s - ss);
+			p += s - ss;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * If n is negative, current byte sequence needs a replacement.
+		 */
+		if (n < 0) {
+			if (n == -3 && IS_SURROGATE_PAIR_LA(uc)) {
+				/* Current byte sequence may be CESU-8. */
+				n = cesu8_to_unicode(&uc, s, len);
+			}
+			if (n < 0) {
+				ret = -1;
+				n *= -1;/* Use a replaced unicode character. */
+			}
+
+			/* Rebuild UTF-8 byte sequence. */
+			while ((w = unicode_to_utf8(p, endp - p, uc)) == 0) {
+				as->length = p - as->s;
+				if (archive_string_ensure(as,
+				    as->buffer_length + len + 1) == NULL)
+					return (-1);
+				p = as->s + as->length;
+				endp = as->s + as->buffer_length -1;
+			}
+			p += w;
+			s += n;
+			len -= n;
+		}
+	} while (n > 0);
+	as->length = p - as->s;
+	as->s[as->length] = '\0';
+	return (ret);
+}
+
+static int
+archive_string_append_unicode(struct archive_string *as, const void *_p,
+    size_t len, struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	const char *s;
+	char *p, *endp;
+	uint32_t uc;
+	size_t w;
+	int n, ret = 0, ts, tm;
+	int (*parse)(uint32_t *, const char *, size_t);
+	size_t (*unparse)(char *, size_t, uint32_t);
+
+	if (sc->flag & SCONV_TO_UTF16BE) {
+		unparse = unicode_to_utf16be;
+		ts = 2;
+	} else if (sc->flag & SCONV_TO_UTF16LE) {
+		unparse = unicode_to_utf16le;
+		ts = 2;
+	} else if (sc->flag & SCONV_TO_UTF8) {
+		unparse = unicode_to_utf8;
+		ts = 1;
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * This case is going to be converted to another
+		 * character-set through iconv.
+		 */
+		if (sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16BE) {
+			unparse = unicode_to_utf16be;
+			ts = 2;
+		} else if (sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16LE) {
+			unparse = unicode_to_utf16le;
+			ts = 2;
+		} else {
+			unparse = unicode_to_utf8;
+			ts = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16BE) {
+		parse = utf16be_to_unicode;
+		tm = 1;
+	} else if (sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16LE) {
+		parse = utf16le_to_unicode;
+		tm = 1;
+	} else {
+		parse = cesu8_to_unicode;
+		tm = ts;
+	}
+
+	if (archive_string_ensure(as, as->length + len * tm + ts) == NULL)
+		return (-1);
+
+	s = (const char *)_p;
+	p = as->s + as->length;
+	endp = as->s + as->buffer_length - ts;
+	while ((n = parse(&uc, s, len)) != 0) {
+		if (n < 0) {
+			/* Use a replaced unicode character. */
+			n *= -1;
+			ret = -1;
+		}
+		s += n;
+		len -= n;
+		while ((w = unparse(p, endp - p, uc)) == 0) {
+			/* There is not enough output buffer so
+			 * we have to expand it. */
+			as->length = p - as->s;
+			if (archive_string_ensure(as,
+			    as->buffer_length + len * tm + ts) == NULL)
+				return (-1);
+			p = as->s + as->length;
+			endp = as->s + as->buffer_length - ts;
+		}
+		p += w;
+	}
+	as->length = p - as->s;
+	as->s[as->length] = '\0';
+	if (ts == 2)
+		as->s[as->length+1] = '\0';
+	return (ret);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Following Constants for Hangul compositions this information comes from
+ * Unicode Standard Annex #15  http://unicode.org/reports/tr15/
+ */
+#define HC_SBASE	0xAC00
+#define HC_LBASE	0x1100
+#define HC_VBASE	0x1161
+#define HC_TBASE	0x11A7
+#define HC_LCOUNT	19
+#define HC_VCOUNT	21
+#define HC_TCOUNT	28
+#define HC_NCOUNT	(HC_VCOUNT * HC_TCOUNT)
+#define HC_SCOUNT	(HC_LCOUNT * HC_NCOUNT)
+
+static uint32_t
+get_nfc(uint32_t uc, uint32_t uc2)
+{
+	int t, b;
+
+	t = 0;
+	b = sizeof(u_composition_table)/sizeof(u_composition_table[0]) -1;
+	while (b >= t) {
+		int m = (t + b) / 2;
+		if (u_composition_table[m].cp1 < uc)
+			t = m + 1;
+		else if (u_composition_table[m].cp1 > uc)
+			b = m - 1;
+		else if (u_composition_table[m].cp2 < uc2)
+			t = m + 1;
+		else if (u_composition_table[m].cp2 > uc2)
+			b = m - 1;
+		else
+			return (u_composition_table[m].nfc);
+	}
+	return (0);
+}
+
+#define FDC_MAX 10	/* The maximum number of Following Decomposable
+			 * Characters. */
+
+/*
+ * Update first code point.
+ */
+#define UPDATE_UC(new_uc)	do {		\
+	uc = new_uc;				\
+	ucptr = NULL;				\
+} while (0)
+
+/*
+ * Replace first code point with second code point.
+ */
+#define REPLACE_UC_WITH_UC2() do {		\
+	uc = uc2;				\
+	ucptr = uc2ptr;				\
+	n = n2;					\
+} while (0)
+
+#define EXPAND_BUFFER() do {			\
+	as->length = p - as->s;			\
+	if (archive_string_ensure(as,		\
+	    as->buffer_length + len * tm + ts) == NULL)\
+		return (-1);			\
+	p = as->s + as->length;			\
+	endp = as->s + as->buffer_length - ts;	\
+} while (0)
+
+#define UNPARSE(p, endp, uc)	do {		\
+	while ((w = unparse(p, (endp) - (p), uc)) == 0) {\
+		EXPAND_BUFFER();		\
+	}					\
+	p += w;					\
+} while (0)
+
+/*
+ * Write first code point.
+ * If the code point has not be changed from its original code,
+ * this just copies it from its original buffer pointer.
+ * If not, this converts it to UTF-8 byte sequence and copies it.
+ */
+#define WRITE_UC()	do {			\
+	if (ucptr) {				\
+		if (p + n > endp)		\
+			EXPAND_BUFFER();	\
+		switch (n) {			\
+		case 4:				\
+			*p++ = *ucptr++;	\
+			/* FALL THROUGH */	\
+		case 3:				\
+			*p++ = *ucptr++;	\
+			/* FALL THROUGH */	\
+		case 2:				\
+			*p++ = *ucptr++;	\
+			/* FALL THROUGH */	\
+		case 1:				\
+			*p++ = *ucptr;		\
+			break;			\
+		}				\
+		ucptr = NULL;			\
+	} else {				\
+		UNPARSE(p, endp, uc);		\
+	}					\
+} while (0)
+
+/*
+ * Collect following decomposable code points.
+ */
+#define COLLECT_CPS(start)	do {		\
+	int _i;					\
+	for (_i = start; _i < FDC_MAX ; _i++) {	\
+		nx = parse(&ucx[_i], s, len);	\
+		if (nx <= 0)			\
+			break;			\
+		cx = CCC(ucx[_i]);		\
+		if (cl >= cx && cl != 228 && cx != 228)\
+			break;			\
+		s += nx;			\
+		len -= nx;			\
+		cl = cx;			\
+		ccx[_i] = cx;			\
+	}					\
+	if (_i >= FDC_MAX) {			\
+		ret = -1;			\
+		ucx_size = FDC_MAX;		\
+	} else					\
+		ucx_size = _i;			\
+} while (0)
+
+/*
+ * Normalize UTF-8/UTF-16BE characters to Form C and copy the result.
+ *
+ * TODO: Convert composition exclusions,which are never converted
+ * from NFC,NFD,NFKC and NFKD, to Form C.
+ */
+static int
+archive_string_normalize_C(struct archive_string *as, const void *_p,
+    size_t len, struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	const char *s = (const char *)_p;
+	char *p, *endp;
+	uint32_t uc, uc2;
+	size_t w;
+	int always_replace, n, n2, ret = 0, spair, ts, tm;
+	int (*parse)(uint32_t *, const char *, size_t);
+	size_t (*unparse)(char *, size_t, uint32_t);
+
+	always_replace = 1;
+	ts = 1;/* text size. */
+	if (sc->flag & SCONV_TO_UTF16BE) {
+		unparse = unicode_to_utf16be;
+		ts = 2;
+		if (sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16BE)
+			always_replace = 0;
+	} else if (sc->flag & SCONV_TO_UTF16LE) {
+		unparse = unicode_to_utf16le;
+		ts = 2;
+		if (sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16LE)
+			always_replace = 0;
+	} else if (sc->flag & SCONV_TO_UTF8) {
+		unparse = unicode_to_utf8;
+		if (sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF8)
+			always_replace = 0;
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * This case is going to be converted to another
+		 * character-set through iconv.
+		 */
+		always_replace = 0;
+		if (sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16BE) {
+			unparse = unicode_to_utf16be;
+			ts = 2;
+		} else if (sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16LE) {
+			unparse = unicode_to_utf16le;
+			ts = 2;
+		} else {
+			unparse = unicode_to_utf8;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16BE) {
+		parse = utf16be_to_unicode;
+		tm = 1;
+		spair = 4;/* surrogate pair size in UTF-16. */
+	} else if (sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16LE) {
+		parse = utf16le_to_unicode;
+		tm = 1;
+		spair = 4;/* surrogate pair size in UTF-16. */
+	} else {
+		parse = cesu8_to_unicode;
+		tm = ts;
+		spair = 6;/* surrogate pair size in UTF-8. */
+	}
+
+	if (archive_string_ensure(as, as->length + len * tm + ts) == NULL)
+		return (-1);
+
+	p = as->s + as->length;
+	endp = as->s + as->buffer_length - ts;
+	while ((n = parse(&uc, s, len)) != 0) {
+		const char *ucptr, *uc2ptr;
+
+		if (n < 0) {
+			/* Use a replaced unicode character. */
+			UNPARSE(p, endp, uc);
+			s += n*-1;
+			len -= n*-1;
+			ret = -1;
+			continue;
+		} else if (n == spair || always_replace)
+			/* uc is converted from a surrogate pair.
+			 * this should be treated as a changed code. */
+			ucptr = NULL;
+		else
+			ucptr = s;
+		s += n;
+		len -= n;
+
+		/* Read second code point. */
+		while ((n2 = parse(&uc2, s, len)) > 0) {
+			uint32_t ucx[FDC_MAX];
+			int ccx[FDC_MAX];
+			int cl, cx, i, nx, ucx_size;
+			int LIndex,SIndex;
+			uint32_t nfc;
+
+			if (n2 == spair || always_replace)
+				/* uc2 is converted from a surrogate pair.
+			 	 * this should be treated as a changed code. */
+				uc2ptr = NULL;
+			else
+				uc2ptr = s;
+			s += n2;
+			len -= n2;
+
+			/*
+			 * If current second code point is out of decomposable
+			 * code points, finding compositions is unneeded.
+			 */
+			if (!IS_DECOMPOSABLE_BLOCK(uc2)) {
+				WRITE_UC();
+				REPLACE_UC_WITH_UC2();
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * Try to combine current code points.
+			 */
+			/*
+			 * We have to combine Hangul characters according to
+			 * http://uniicode.org/reports/tr15/#Hangul
+			 */
+			if (0 <= (LIndex = uc - HC_LBASE) &&
+			    LIndex < HC_LCOUNT) {
+				/*
+				 * Hangul Composition.
+				 * 1. Two current code points are L and V.
+				 */
+				int VIndex = uc2 - HC_VBASE;
+				if (0 <= VIndex && VIndex < HC_VCOUNT) {
+					/* Make syllable of form LV. */
+					UPDATE_UC(HC_SBASE +
+					    (LIndex * HC_VCOUNT + VIndex) *
+					     HC_TCOUNT);
+				} else {
+					WRITE_UC();
+					REPLACE_UC_WITH_UC2();
+				}
+				continue;
+			} else if (0 <= (SIndex = uc - HC_SBASE) &&
+			    SIndex < HC_SCOUNT && (SIndex % HC_TCOUNT) == 0) {
+				/*
+				 * Hangul Composition.
+				 * 2. Two current code points are LV and T.
+				 */
+				int TIndex = uc2 - HC_TBASE;
+				if (0 < TIndex && TIndex < HC_TCOUNT) {
+					/* Make syllable of form LVT. */
+					UPDATE_UC(uc + TIndex);
+				} else {
+					WRITE_UC();
+					REPLACE_UC_WITH_UC2();
+				}
+				continue;
+			} else if ((nfc = get_nfc(uc, uc2)) != 0) {
+				/* A composition to current code points
+				 * is found. */
+				UPDATE_UC(nfc);
+				continue;
+			} else if ((cl = CCC(uc2)) == 0) {
+				/* Clearly 'uc2' the second code point is not
+				 * a decomposable code. */
+				WRITE_UC();
+				REPLACE_UC_WITH_UC2();
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * Collect following decomposable code points.
+			 */
+			cx = 0;
+			ucx[0] = uc2;
+			ccx[0] = cl;
+			COLLECT_CPS(1);
+
+			/*
+			 * Find a composed code in the collected code points.
+			 */
+			i = 1;
+			while (i < ucx_size) {
+				int j;
+
+				if ((nfc = get_nfc(uc, ucx[i])) == 0) {
+					i++;
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				/*
+				 * nfc is composed of uc and ucx[i].
+				 */
+				UPDATE_UC(nfc);
+
+				/*
+				 * Remove ucx[i] by shifting
+				 * follwoing code points.
+				 */ 
+				for (j = i; j+1 < ucx_size; j++) {
+					ucx[j] = ucx[j+1];
+					ccx[j] = ccx[j+1];
+				}
+				ucx_size --;
+
+				/*
+				 * Collect following code points blocked
+				 * by ucx[i] the removed code point.
+				 */
+				if (ucx_size > 0 && i == ucx_size &&
+				    nx > 0 && cx == cl) {
+					cl =  ccx[ucx_size-1];
+					COLLECT_CPS(ucx_size);
+				}
+				/*
+				 * Restart finding a composed code with
+				 * the updated uc from the top of the
+				 * collected code points.
+				 */
+				i = 0;
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * Apparently the current code points are not
+			 * decomposed characters or already composed.
+			 */
+			WRITE_UC();
+			for (i = 0; i < ucx_size; i++)
+				UNPARSE(p, endp, ucx[i]);
+
+			/*
+			 * Flush out remaining canonical combining characters.
+			 */
+			if (nx > 0 && cx == cl && len > 0) {
+				while ((nx = parse(&ucx[0], s, len))
+				    > 0) {
+					cx = CCC(ucx[0]);
+					if (cl > cx)
+						break;
+					s += nx;
+					len -= nx;
+					cl = cx;
+					UNPARSE(p, endp, ucx[0]);
+				}
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+		if (n2 < 0) {
+			WRITE_UC();
+			/* Use a replaced unicode character. */
+			UNPARSE(p, endp, uc2);
+			s += n2*-1;
+			len -= n2*-1;
+			ret = -1;
+			continue;
+		} else if (n2 == 0) {
+			WRITE_UC();
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	as->length = p - as->s;
+	as->s[as->length] = '\0';
+	if (ts == 2)
+		as->s[as->length+1] = '\0';
+	return (ret);
+}
+
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+
+/*
+ * Normalize UTF-8 characters to Form D and copy the result.
+ */
+static int
+archive_string_normalize_D(struct archive_string *as, const void *_p,
+    size_t len, struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	const UniChar *inp;
+	char *outp;
+	size_t newsize;
+	ByteCount inCount, outCount;
+	ByteCount inAvail, outAvail;
+	OSStatus err;
+	int ret, saved_flag;
+
+	/*
+	 * Convert the current string to UTF-16LE for normalization.
+	 * The character-set of the current string must be UTF-16BE or
+	 * UTF-8.
+	 */
+	archive_string_empty(&(sc->utf16nfc));
+	saved_flag = sc->flag;/* save a flag. */
+	sc->flag &= ~(SCONV_TO_UTF16BE | SCONV_TO_UTF8);
+	sc->flag |= SCONV_TO_UTF16LE;
+	ret = archive_string_append_unicode(&(sc->utf16nfc), _p, len, sc);
+	sc->flag = saved_flag;/* restore the saved flag */
+	if (archive_strlen(&(sc->utf16nfc)) == 0) {
+		if (archive_string_ensure(as, as->length + 1) == NULL)
+			return (-1);
+		return (ret);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Normalize an NFC string to be an NFD(HFS Plus version).
+	 */
+	newsize = sc->utf16nfc.length + 2;
+	if (archive_string_ensure(&(sc->utf16nfd), newsize) == NULL)
+		return (-1);
+
+	inp = (UniChar *)sc->utf16nfc.s;
+	inAvail = archive_strlen(&(sc->utf16nfc));
+	sc->utf16nfd.length = 0;
+	outp = sc->utf16nfd.s;
+	outAvail = sc->utf16nfd.buffer_length -2;
+
+	do {
+		/* Reinitialize all state information. */
+		if (ResetUnicodeToTextInfo(sc->uniInfo) != noErr)
+			goto return_no_changed_data;
+
+		inCount = outCount = 0;
+		err = ConvertFromUnicodeToText(sc->uniInfo,
+		    inAvail, inp,
+		    kUnicodeDefaultDirectionMask, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL,
+		    outAvail, &inCount, &outCount, outp);
+
+		if (err == noErr) {
+			sc->utf16nfd.length = outCount;
+			sc->utf16nfd.s[sc->utf16nfd.length] = 0;
+			sc->utf16nfd.s[sc->utf16nfd.length+1] = 0;
+		} else if (err == kTECOutputBufferFullStatus) {
+			newsize = inAvail - inCount;
+			if (newsize > inAvail)
+				newsize = inAvail;
+			newsize += sc->utf16nfd.buffer_length + 2;
+			if (archive_string_ensure(&(sc->utf16nfd), newsize)
+			    == NULL)
+				return (-1);
+			outp = sc->utf16nfd.s;
+			outAvail = sc->utf16nfd.buffer_length -2;
+		} else
+			goto return_no_changed_data;
+	} while (err == kTECOutputBufferFullStatus);
+
+	/*
+	 * If there is a next-step conversion, we should convert
+	 * a UTF-16LE(NFD) string back to the original Unicode type.
+	 */
+	saved_flag = sc->flag;/* save a flag. */
+	if (!(sc->flag &
+	    (SCONV_TO_UTF16BE | SCONV_TO_UTF16LE | SCONV_TO_UTF8))) {
+		/*
+		 * This case is going to be converted to another
+		 * character-set through iconv.
+		 */
+		if (sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16BE)
+			sc->flag |= SCONV_TO_UTF16BE;
+		else if (sc->flag & SCONV_FROM_UTF16LE)
+			sc->flag |= SCONV_TO_UTF16LE;
+		else
+			sc->flag |= SCONV_TO_UTF8;
+	}
+	sc->flag &= ~(SCONV_FROM_UTF16BE | SCONV_FROM_UTF8);
+	sc->flag |= SCONV_FROM_UTF16LE;
+	if (archive_string_append_unicode(as, sc->utf16nfd.s,
+	    sc->utf16nfd.length, sc) != 0)
+		ret = -1;
+	sc->flag = saved_flag;/* restore the saved flag */
+	return (ret);
+
+return_no_changed_data:
+	/*
+	 * Something conversion error happend, so we return a no normalized
+	 * string with an error.
+	 */
+	(void)archive_string_append_unicode(as, _p, len, sc);
+	return (-1);
+}
+
+#endif /* __APPLE__ */
+
+/*
+ * libarchive 2.x made incorrect UTF-8 strings in the wrong assumuption
+ * that WCS is Unicode. it is true for servel platforms but some are false.
+ * And then people who did not use UTF-8 locale on the non Unicode WCS
+ * platform and made a tar file with libarchive(mostly bsdtar) 2.x. Those
+ * now cannot get right filename from libarchive 3.x and later since we
+ * fixed the wrong assumption and it is incompatible to older its versions.
+ * So we provide special option, "compat-2x.x", for resolving it.
+ * That option enable the string conversion of libarchive 2.x.
+ *
+ * Translates the wrong UTF-8 string made by libarchive 2.x into current
+ * locale character set and appends to the archive_string.
+ * Note: returns -1 if conversion fails.
+ */
+static int
+strncat_from_utf8_libarchive2(struct archive_string *as,
+    const void *_p, size_t len, struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	const char *s;
+	int n;
+	char *p;
+	char *end;
+	uint32_t unicode;
+#if HAVE_WCRTOMB
+	mbstate_t shift_state;
+
+	memset(&shift_state, 0, sizeof(shift_state));
+#else
+	/* Clear the shift state before starting. */
+	wctomb(NULL, L'\0');
+#endif
+	(void)sc; /* UNUSED */
+	/*
+	 * Allocate buffer for MBS.
+	 * We need this allocation here since it is possible that
+	 * as->s is still NULL.
+	 */
+	if (archive_string_ensure(as, as->length + len + 1) == NULL)
+		return (-1);
+
+	s = (const char *)_p;
+	p = as->s + as->length;
+	end = as->s + as->buffer_length - MB_CUR_MAX -1;
+	while ((n = _utf8_to_unicode(&unicode, s, len)) != 0) {
+		wchar_t wc;
+
+		if (p >= end) {
+			as->length = p - as->s;
+			/* Re-allocate buffer for MBS. */
+			if (archive_string_ensure(as,
+			    as->length + len * 2 + 1) == NULL)
+				return (-1);
+			p = as->s + as->length;
+			end = as->s + as->buffer_length - MB_CUR_MAX -1;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * As libarchie 2.x, translates the UTF-8 characters into
+		 * wide-characters in the assumption that WCS is Unicode.
+		 */
+		if (n < 0) {
+			n *= -1;
+			wc = L'?';
+		} else
+			wc = (wchar_t)unicode;
+
+		s += n;
+		len -= n;
+		/*
+		 * Translates the wide-character into the current locale MBS.
+		 */
+#if HAVE_WCRTOMB
+		n = wcrtomb(p, wc, &shift_state);
+#else
+		n = wctomb(p, wc);
+#endif
+		if (n == -1)
+			return (-1);
+		p += n;
+	}
+	as->length = p - as->s;
+	as->s[as->length] = '\0';
+	return (0);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Conversion functions between current locale dependent MBS and UTF-16BE.
+ *   strncat_from_utf16be() : UTF-16BE --> MBS
+ *   strncat_to_utf16be()   : MBS --> UTF16BE
+ */
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+
+/*
+ * Convert a UTF-16BE/LE string to current locale and copy the result.
+ * Return -1 if conversion failes.
+ */
+static int
+win_strncat_from_utf16(struct archive_string *as, const void *_p, size_t bytes,
+    struct archive_string_conv *sc, int be)
+{
+	struct archive_string tmp;
+	const char *u16;
+	int ll;
+	BOOL defchar;
+	char *mbs;
+	size_t mbs_size, b;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	bytes &= ~1;
+	if (archive_string_ensure(as, as->length + bytes +1) == NULL)
+		return (-1);
+
+	mbs = as->s + as->length;
+	mbs_size = as->buffer_length - as->length -1;
+
+	if (sc->to_cp == CP_C_LOCALE) {
+		/*
+		 * "C" locale special process.
+		 */
+		u16 = _p;
+		ll = 0;
+		for (b = 0; b < bytes; b += 2) {
+			uint16_t val;
+			if (be)
+				val = archive_be16dec(u16+b);
+			else
+				val = archive_le16dec(u16+b);
+			if (val > 255) {
+				*mbs++ = '?';
+				ret = -1;
+			} else
+				*mbs++ = (char)(val&0xff);
+			ll++;
+		}
+		as->length += ll;
+		as->s[as->length] = '\0';
+		return (ret);
+	}
+
+	archive_string_init(&tmp);
+	if (be) {
+		if (is_big_endian()) {
+			u16 = _p;
+		} else {
+			if (archive_string_ensure(&tmp, bytes+2) == NULL)
+				return (-1);
+			memcpy(tmp.s, _p, bytes);
+			for (b = 0; b < bytes; b += 2) {
+				uint16_t val = archive_be16dec(tmp.s+b);
+				archive_le16enc(tmp.s+b, val);
+			}
+			u16 = tmp.s;
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (!is_big_endian()) {
+			u16 = _p;
+		} else {
+			if (archive_string_ensure(&tmp, bytes+2) == NULL)
+				return (-1);
+			memcpy(tmp.s, _p, bytes);
+			for (b = 0; b < bytes; b += 2) {
+				uint16_t val = archive_le16dec(tmp.s+b);
+				archive_be16enc(tmp.s+b, val);
+			}
+			u16 = tmp.s;
+		}
+	}
+
+	do {
+		defchar = 0;
+		ll = WideCharToMultiByte(sc->to_cp, 0,
+		    (LPCWSTR)u16, bytes>>1, mbs, mbs_size,
+			NULL, &defchar);
+		if (ll == 0 &&
+		    GetLastError() == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
+			/* Need more buffer for MBS. */
+			ll = WideCharToMultiByte(sc->to_cp, 0,
+			    (LPCWSTR)u16, bytes, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+			if (archive_string_ensure(as, ll +1) == NULL)
+				return (-1);
+			mbs = as->s + as->length;
+			mbs_size = as->buffer_length - as->length -1;
+			continue;
+		}
+	} while (0);
+	archive_string_free(&tmp);
+	as->length += ll;
+	as->s[as->length] = '\0';
+	if (ll == 0 || defchar)
+		ret = -1;
+	return (ret);
+}
+
+static int
+win_strncat_from_utf16be(struct archive_string *as, const void *_p, size_t bytes,
+    struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	return (win_strncat_from_utf16(as, _p, bytes, sc, 1));
+}
+
+static int
+win_strncat_from_utf16le(struct archive_string *as, const void *_p, size_t bytes,
+    struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	return (win_strncat_from_utf16(as, _p, bytes, sc, 0));
+}
+
+static int
+is_big_endian(void)
+{
+	uint16_t d = 1;
+
+	return (archive_be16dec(&d) == 1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Convert a current locale string to UTF-16BE/LE and copy the result.
+ * Return -1 if conversion failes.
+ */
+static int
+win_strncat_to_utf16(struct archive_string *as16, const void *_p, size_t length,
+    struct archive_string_conv *sc, int bigendian)
+{
+	const char *s = (const char *)_p;
+	char *u16;
+	size_t count, avail;
+
+	if (archive_string_ensure(as16,
+	    as16->length + (length + 1) * 2) == NULL)
+		return (-1);
+
+	u16 = as16->s + as16->length;
+	avail = as16->buffer_length - 2;
+	if (sc->from_cp == CP_C_LOCALE) {
+		/*
+		 * "C" locale special process.
+		 */
+		count = 0;
+		while (count < length && *s) {
+			if (bigendian)
+				archive_be16enc(u16, *s);
+			else
+				archive_le16enc(u16, *s);
+			u16 += 2;
+			s++;
+			count++;
+		}
+		as16->length += count << 1;
+		as16->s[as16->length] = 0;
+		as16->s[as16->length+1] = 0;
+		return (0);
+	}
+	do {
+		count = MultiByteToWideChar(sc->from_cp,
+		    MB_PRECOMPOSED, s, length, (LPWSTR)u16, (int)avail>>1);
+		if (count == 0 &&
+		    GetLastError() == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
+			/* Need more buffer for UTF-16 string */
+			count = MultiByteToWideChar(sc->from_cp,
+			    MB_PRECOMPOSED, s, length, NULL, 0);
+			if (archive_string_ensure(as16, (count +1) * 2)
+			    == NULL)
+				return (-1);
+			u16 = as16->s + as16->length;
+			avail = as16->buffer_length - 2;
+			continue;
+		}
+	} while (0);
+	as16->length += count * 2;
+	as16->s[as16->length] = 0;
+	as16->s[as16->length+1] = 0;
+	if (count == 0)
+		return (-1);
+
+	if (is_big_endian()) {
+		if (!bigendian) {
+			while (count > 0) {
+				uint16_t v = archive_be16dec(u16);
+				archive_le16enc(u16, v);
+				u16 += 2;
+				count--;
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (bigendian) {
+			while (count > 0) {
+				uint16_t v = archive_le16dec(u16);
+				archive_be16enc(u16, v);
+				u16 += 2;
+				count--;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return (0);
+}
+
+static int
+win_strncat_to_utf16be(struct archive_string *as16, const void *_p, size_t length,
+    struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	return (win_strncat_to_utf16(as16, _p, length, sc, 1));
+}
+
+static int
+win_strncat_to_utf16le(struct archive_string *as16, const void *_p, size_t length,
+    struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	return (win_strncat_to_utf16(as16, _p, length, sc, 0));
+}
+
+#endif /* _WIN32 && !__CYGWIN__ */
+
+/*
+ * Do the best effort for conversions.
+ * We cannot handle UTF-16BE character-set without such iconv,
+ * but there is a chance if a string consists just ASCII code or
+ * a current locale is UTF-8.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Convert a UTF-16BE string to current locale and copy the result.
+ * Return -1 if conversion failes.
+ */
+static int
+best_effort_strncat_from_utf16(struct archive_string *as, const void *_p,
+    size_t bytes, struct archive_string_conv *sc, int be)
+{
+	const char *utf16 = (const char *)_p;
+	char *mbs;
+	uint32_t uc;
+	int n, ret;
+
+	(void)sc; /* UNUSED */
+	/*
+	 * Other case, we should do the best effort.
+	 * If all character are ASCII(<0x7f), we can convert it.
+	 * if not , we set a alternative character and return -1.
+	 */
+	ret = 0;
+	if (archive_string_ensure(as, as->length + bytes +1) == NULL)
+		return (-1);
+	mbs = as->s + as->length;
+
+	while ((n = utf16_to_unicode(&uc, utf16, bytes, be)) != 0) {
+		if (n < 0) {
+			n *= -1;
+			ret =  -1;
+		}
+		bytes -= n;
+		utf16 += n;
+
+		if (uc > 127) {
+			/* We cannot handle it. */
+			*mbs++ = '?';
+			ret =  -1;
+		} else
+			*mbs++ = (char)uc;
+	}
+	as->length = mbs - as->s;
+	as->s[as->length] = '\0';
+	return (ret);
+}
+
+static int
+best_effort_strncat_from_utf16be(struct archive_string *as, const void *_p,
+    size_t bytes, struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	return (best_effort_strncat_from_utf16(as, _p, bytes, sc, 1));
+}
+
+static int
+best_effort_strncat_from_utf16le(struct archive_string *as, const void *_p,
+    size_t bytes, struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	return (best_effort_strncat_from_utf16(as, _p, bytes, sc, 0));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Convert a current locale string to UTF-16BE/LE and copy the result.
+ * Return -1 if conversion failes.
+ */
+static int
+best_effort_strncat_to_utf16(struct archive_string *as16, const void *_p,
+    size_t length, struct archive_string_conv *sc, int bigendian)
+{
+	const char *s = (const char *)_p;
+	char *utf16;
+	size_t remaining;
+	int ret;
+
+	(void)sc; /* UNUSED */
+	/*
+	 * Other case, we should do the best effort.
+	 * If all character are ASCII(<0x7f), we can convert it.
+	 * if not , we set a alternative character and return -1.
+	 */
+	ret = 0;
+	remaining = length;
+
+	if (archive_string_ensure(as16,
+	    as16->length + (length + 1) * 2) == NULL)
+		return (-1);
+
+	utf16 = as16->s + as16->length;
+	while (remaining--) {
+		unsigned c = *s++;
+		if (c > 127) {
+			/* We cannot handle it. */
+			c = UNICODE_R_CHAR;
+			ret = -1;
+		}
+		if (bigendian)
+			archive_be16enc(utf16, c);
+		else
+			archive_le16enc(utf16, c);
+		utf16 += 2;
+	}
+	as16->length = utf16 - as16->s;
+	as16->s[as16->length] = 0;
+	as16->s[as16->length+1] = 0;
+	return (ret);
+}
+
+static int
+best_effort_strncat_to_utf16be(struct archive_string *as16, const void *_p,
+    size_t length, struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	return (best_effort_strncat_to_utf16(as16, _p, length, sc, 1));
+}
+
+static int
+best_effort_strncat_to_utf16le(struct archive_string *as16, const void *_p,
+    size_t length, struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	return (best_effort_strncat_to_utf16(as16, _p, length, sc, 0));
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Multistring operations.
+ */
+
+void
+archive_mstring_clean(struct archive_mstring *aes)
+{
+	archive_wstring_free(&(aes->aes_wcs));
+	archive_string_free(&(aes->aes_mbs));
+	archive_string_free(&(aes->aes_utf8));
+	archive_string_free(&(aes->aes_mbs_in_locale));
+	aes->aes_set = 0;
+}
+
+void
+archive_mstring_copy(struct archive_mstring *dest, struct archive_mstring *src)
+{
+	dest->aes_set = src->aes_set;
+	archive_string_copy(&(dest->aes_mbs), &(src->aes_mbs));
+	archive_string_copy(&(dest->aes_utf8), &(src->aes_utf8));
+	archive_wstring_copy(&(dest->aes_wcs), &(src->aes_wcs));
+}
+
+int
+archive_mstring_get_utf8(struct archive *a, struct archive_mstring *aes,
+  const char **p)
+{
+	struct archive_string_conv *sc;
+	int r;
+
+	/* If we already have a UTF8 form, return that immediately. */
+	if (aes->aes_set & AES_SET_UTF8) {
+		*p = aes->aes_utf8.s;
+		return (0);
+	}
+
+	*p = NULL;
+	if (aes->aes_set & AES_SET_MBS) {
+		sc = archive_string_conversion_to_charset(a, "UTF-8", 1);
+		if (sc == NULL)
+			return (-1);/* Couldn't allocate memory for sc. */
+		r = archive_strncpy_in_locale(&(aes->aes_mbs), aes->aes_mbs.s,
+		    aes->aes_mbs.length, sc);
+		if (a == NULL)
+			free_sconv_object(sc);
+		if (r == 0) {
+			aes->aes_set |= AES_SET_UTF8;
+			*p = aes->aes_utf8.s;
+			return (0);/* success. */
+		} else
+			return (-1);/* failure. */
+	}
+	return (0);/* success. */
+}
+
+int
+archive_mstring_get_mbs(struct archive *a, struct archive_mstring *aes,
+    const char **p)
+{
+	int r, ret = 0;
+
+	(void)a; /* UNUSED */
+	/* If we already have an MBS form, return that immediately. */
+	if (aes->aes_set & AES_SET_MBS) {
+		*p = aes->aes_mbs.s;
+		return (ret);
+	}
+
+	*p = NULL;
+	/* If there's a WCS form, try converting with the native locale. */
+	if (aes->aes_set & AES_SET_WCS) {
+		archive_string_empty(&(aes->aes_mbs));
+		r = archive_string_append_from_wcs(&(aes->aes_mbs),
+		    aes->aes_wcs.s, aes->aes_wcs.length);
+		*p = aes->aes_mbs.s;
+		if (r == 0) {
+			aes->aes_set |= AES_SET_MBS;
+			return (ret);
+		} else
+			ret = -1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Only a UTF-8 form cannot avail because its conversion already
+	 * failed at archive_mstring_update_utf8().
+	 */
+	return (ret);
+}
+
+int
+archive_mstring_get_wcs(struct archive *a, struct archive_mstring *aes,
+    const wchar_t **wp)
+{
+	int r, ret = 0;
+
+	(void)a;/* UNUSED */
+	/* Return WCS form if we already have it. */
+	if (aes->aes_set & AES_SET_WCS) {
+		*wp = aes->aes_wcs.s;
+		return (ret);
+	}
+
+	*wp = NULL;
+	/* Try converting MBS to WCS using native locale. */
+	if (aes->aes_set & AES_SET_MBS) {
+		archive_wstring_empty(&(aes->aes_wcs));
+		r = archive_wstring_append_from_mbs(&(aes->aes_wcs),
+		    aes->aes_mbs.s, aes->aes_mbs.length);
+		if (r == 0) {
+			aes->aes_set |= AES_SET_WCS;
+			*wp = aes->aes_wcs.s;
+		} else
+			ret = -1;/* failure. */
+	}
+	return (ret);
+}
+
+int
+archive_mstring_get_mbs_l(struct archive_mstring *aes,
+    const char **p, size_t *length, struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	int r, ret = 0;
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+	/*
+	 * Internationalization programing on Windows must use Wide
+	 * characters because Windows platform cannot make locale UTF-8.
+	 */
+	if (sc != NULL && (aes->aes_set & AES_SET_WCS) != 0) {
+		archive_string_empty(&(aes->aes_mbs_in_locale));
+		r = archive_string_append_from_wcs_in_codepage(
+		    &(aes->aes_mbs_in_locale), aes->aes_wcs.s,
+		    aes->aes_wcs.length, sc);
+		if (r == 0) {
+			*p = aes->aes_mbs_in_locale.s;
+			if (length != NULL)
+				*length = aes->aes_mbs_in_locale.length;
+			return (0);
+		} else if (errno == ENOMEM)
+			return (-1);
+		else
+			ret = -1;
+	}
+#endif
+
+	/* If there is not an MBS form but is a WCS form, try converting
+	 * with the native locale to be used for translating it to specified
+	 * character-set. */
+	if ((aes->aes_set & AES_SET_MBS) == 0 &&
+	    (aes->aes_set & AES_SET_WCS) != 0) {
+		archive_string_empty(&(aes->aes_mbs));
+		r = archive_string_append_from_wcs(&(aes->aes_mbs),
+		    aes->aes_wcs.s, aes->aes_wcs.length);
+		if (r == 0)
+			aes->aes_set |= AES_SET_MBS;
+		else if (errno == ENOMEM)
+			return (-1);
+		else
+			ret = -1;
+	}
+	/* If we already have an MBS form, use it to be translated to
+	 * specified character-set. */
+	if (aes->aes_set & AES_SET_MBS) {
+		if (sc == NULL) {
+			/* Conversion is unneeded. */
+			*p = aes->aes_mbs.s;
+			if (length != NULL)
+				*length = aes->aes_mbs.length;
+			return (0);
+		}
+		ret = archive_strncpy_in_locale(&(aes->aes_mbs_in_locale),
+		    aes->aes_mbs.s, aes->aes_mbs.length, sc);
+		*p = aes->aes_mbs_in_locale.s;
+		if (length != NULL)
+			*length = aes->aes_mbs_in_locale.length;
+	} else {
+		*p = NULL;
+		if (length != NULL)
+			*length = 0;
+	}
+	return (ret);
+}
+
+int
+archive_mstring_copy_mbs(struct archive_mstring *aes, const char *mbs)
+{
+	if (mbs == NULL) {
+		aes->aes_set = 0;
+		return (0);
+	}
+	return (archive_mstring_copy_mbs_len(aes, mbs, strlen(mbs)));
+}
+
+int
+archive_mstring_copy_mbs_len(struct archive_mstring *aes, const char *mbs,
+    size_t len)
+{
+	if (mbs == NULL) {
+		aes->aes_set = 0;
+		return (0);
+	}
+	aes->aes_set = AES_SET_MBS; /* Only MBS form is set now. */
+	archive_strncpy(&(aes->aes_mbs), mbs, len);
+	archive_string_empty(&(aes->aes_utf8));
+	archive_wstring_empty(&(aes->aes_wcs));
+	return (0);
+}
+
+int
+archive_mstring_copy_wcs(struct archive_mstring *aes, const wchar_t *wcs)
+{
+	return archive_mstring_copy_wcs_len(aes, wcs, wcs == NULL ? 0 : wcslen(wcs));
+}
+
+int
+archive_mstring_copy_wcs_len(struct archive_mstring *aes, const wchar_t *wcs,
+    size_t len)
+{
+	if (wcs == NULL) {
+		aes->aes_set = 0;
+	}
+	aes->aes_set = AES_SET_WCS; /* Only WCS form set. */
+	archive_string_empty(&(aes->aes_mbs));
+	archive_string_empty(&(aes->aes_utf8));
+	archive_wstrncpy(&(aes->aes_wcs), wcs, len);
+	return (0);
+}
+
+int
+archive_mstring_copy_mbs_len_l(struct archive_mstring *aes,
+    const char *mbs, size_t len, struct archive_string_conv *sc)
+{
+	int r;
+
+	if (mbs == NULL) {
+		aes->aes_set = 0;
+		return (0);
+	}
+	archive_string_empty(&(aes->aes_mbs));
+	archive_wstring_empty(&(aes->aes_wcs));
+	archive_string_empty(&(aes->aes_utf8));
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+	/*
+	 * Internationalization programing on Windows must use Wide
+	 * characters because Windows platform cannot make locale UTF-8.
+	 */
+	if (sc == NULL) {
+		archive_string_append(&(aes->aes_mbs),
+		    mbs, mbsnbytes(mbs, len));
+		aes->aes_set = AES_SET_MBS;
+		r = 0;
+#if defined(HAVE_ICONV)
+	} else if (sc != NULL && sc->cd_w != (iconv_t)-1) {
+		/*
+		 * This case happens only when MultiByteToWideChar() cannot
+		 * handle sc->from_cp, and we have to iconv in order to
+		 * translate character-set to wchar_t,UTF-16.
+		 */
+		iconv_t cd = sc->cd;
+		unsigned from_cp;
+		int flag;
+
+		/*
+		 * Translate multi-bytes from some character-set to UTF-8.
+		 */ 
+		sc->cd = sc->cd_w;
+		r = archive_strncpy_in_locale(&(aes->aes_utf8), mbs, len, sc);
+		sc->cd = cd;
+		if (r != 0) {
+			aes->aes_set = 0;
+			return (r);
+		}
+		aes->aes_set = AES_SET_UTF8;
+
+		/*
+		 * Append the UTF-8 string into wstring.
+		 */ 
+		flag = sc->flag;
+		sc->flag &= ~(SCONV_NORMALIZATION_C
+				| SCONV_TO_UTF16| SCONV_FROM_UTF16);
+		from_cp = sc->from_cp;
+		sc->from_cp = CP_UTF8;
+		r = archive_wstring_append_from_mbs_in_codepage(&(aes->aes_wcs),
+			aes->aes_utf8.s, aes->aes_utf8.length, sc);
+		sc->flag = flag;
+		sc->from_cp = from_cp;
+		if (r == 0)
+			aes->aes_set |= AES_SET_WCS;
+#endif
+	} else {
+		r = archive_wstring_append_from_mbs_in_codepage(
+		    &(aes->aes_wcs), mbs, len, sc);
+		if (r == 0)
+			aes->aes_set = AES_SET_WCS;
+		else
+			aes->aes_set = 0;
+	}
+#else
+	r = archive_strncpy_in_locale(&(aes->aes_mbs), mbs, len, sc);
+	if (r == 0)
+		aes->aes_set = AES_SET_MBS; /* Only MBS form is set now. */
+	else
+		aes->aes_set = 0;
+#endif
+	return (r);
+}
+
+/*
+ * The 'update' form tries to proactively update all forms of
+ * this string (WCS and MBS) and returns an error if any of
+ * them fail.  This is used by the 'pax' handler, for instance,
+ * to detect and report character-conversion failures early while
+ * still allowing clients to get potentially useful values from
+ * the more tolerant lazy conversions.  (get_mbs and get_wcs will
+ * strive to give the user something useful, so you can get hopefully
+ * usable values even if some of the character conversions are failing.)
+ */
+int
+archive_mstring_update_utf8(struct archive *a, struct archive_mstring *aes,
+    const char *utf8)
+{
+	struct archive_string_conv *sc;
+	int r;
+
+	if (utf8 == NULL) {
+		aes->aes_set = 0;
+		return (0); /* Succeeded in clearing everything. */
+	}
+
+	/* Save the UTF8 string. */
+	archive_strcpy(&(aes->aes_utf8), utf8);
+
+	/* Empty the mbs and wcs strings. */
+	archive_string_empty(&(aes->aes_mbs));
+	archive_wstring_empty(&(aes->aes_wcs));
+
+	aes->aes_set = AES_SET_UTF8;	/* Only UTF8 is set now. */
+
+	/* Try converting UTF-8 to MBS, return false on failure. */
+	sc = archive_string_conversion_from_charset(a, "UTF-8", 1);
+	if (sc == NULL)
+		return (-1);/* Couldn't allocate memory for sc. */
+	r = archive_strcpy_in_locale(&(aes->aes_mbs), utf8, sc);
+	if (a == NULL)
+		free_sconv_object(sc);
+	if (r != 0)
+		return (-1);
+	aes->aes_set = AES_SET_UTF8 | AES_SET_MBS; /* Both UTF8 and MBS set. */
+
+	/* Try converting MBS to WCS, return false on failure. */
+	if (archive_wstring_append_from_mbs(&(aes->aes_wcs), aes->aes_mbs.s,
+	    aes->aes_mbs.length))
+		return (-1);
+	aes->aes_set = AES_SET_UTF8 | AES_SET_WCS | AES_SET_MBS;
+
+	/* All conversions succeeded. */
+	return (0);
+}