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authorOlivier Goffart <olivier.goffart@nokia.com>2011-04-07 13:13:08 (GMT)
committerOlivier Goffart <olivier.goffart@nokia.com>2011-04-07 13:14:27 (GMT)
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+/****************************************************************************
+**
+** Copyright (C) 2011 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies).
+** All rights reserved.
+** Contact: Nokia Corporation (qt-info@nokia.com)
+**
+** This file is part of the Qt WebKit module of the Qt Toolkit.
+**
+** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:BSD$
+** You may use this file under the terms of the BSD license as follows:
+**
+** "Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+** modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+** met:
+** * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+** notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+** * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+** notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+** the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+** distribution.
+** * Neither the name of Nokia Corporation and its Subsidiary(-ies) nor
+** the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote
+** products derived from this software without specific prior written
+** permission.
+**
+** THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+** "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+** LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+** A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+** OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+** SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+** LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+** DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+** THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+** (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+** OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE."
+** $QT_END_LICENSE$
+**
+****************************************************************************/
+
+/*!
+
+\page qtwebkit-guide-cache.html
+\title QtWebKit Guide - Client Storage
+\chapter Client Storage
+
+This section of the \l{QtWebKit Guide} serves as an introduction to the
+\l{HTML5 Web Storage} features of QtWebKit.
+
+Traditional mobile web development centered around the limitations of client
+handsets, which had very little storage for applications. As handsets become
+more powerful, however, this assumption is no longer valid. HTML5's newly
+introduced \l{HTML5 Web Storage}{Web Storage} features expand application
+storage on the client.
+
+HTML 5 standardizes access to an application's local data via \c{LocalStorage}
+and \c{SessionStorage} APIs. These APIs boost the amount of client storage
+available to web applications. They also can effectively replace cookies as a
+means to maintain application state and track user preferences.
+
+Local storage persists indefinitely, while session storage lasts only for the
+duration of a window session. Local storage is available from any page or window
+from the same site, while session storage is local to each window. Both local
+and session storage rely on simple key/value pairs, with keys and values both
+stored as strings.
+
+Local and session storage are not the only client storage available. HTML 5
+WebSQL serves as a more full-featured, client-side database. WebSQL brings
+SQLite-based structured database functionality, typically deployed on servers,
+to client browser applications. WebSQL is appropriate for data-intensive
+applications requiring complex queries rather than simple key/value access.
+WebSQL database transaction calls help avoid interfaces from locking up,
+facilitate rollback and error handling, and protect against SQL injection.
+Database versioning allows you to manage schema changes incrementally.
+
+
+\section1 Simple Data Storage
+
+The \c{localStorage} and \c{sessionStorage} APIs offer applications up to 5MB of
+data storage. They both share the same simple key/value interface, but have
+different namespaces and also differ in the extent to which data is available.
+Local storage persists indefinitely, while session storage only lasts for the
+duration of a window session. Local storage is available from any page or window
+from the same site, while session storage is local to each window.
+
+The following examples demonstrate the API interface. While these use
+\c{localStorage} as an example, the same set of API calls work for
+\c{sessionStorage}, which is also available within the \c{window} object.
+
+The following performs an initial check for support of browser-based
+storage and assigns the database to a variable:
+
+\code
+if (window.localStorage) {
+ var db = window.localStorage;
+ // storage functionality here
+}
+else {
+ // store data remotely?
+}
+\endcode
+
+The \c{getItem()} method retrieves the value of a database field named
+\c{key}:
+
+\code
+var value = db.getItem("key");
+\endcode
+
+Note that both keys and values are represented as strings. If you specify any
+other type of data, it is converted silently to a string representation. (See
+\l{Storing Non-String Data} for ways around this limitation.) If \c{getItem()}
+returns \c{null} rather than a string value, it means the specified key does not
+exist.
+
+The \c{setItem()} method establishes a new value. When adding data, it is a good
+idea to check to make sure you haven't exceeded the allotted storage space:
+
+\code
+try {
+ db.setItem("key", "string");
+}
+catch(err) {
+ if (err.QUOTA_EXCEEDED_ERR) {
+ // storage space is exceeded
+ }
+}
+\endcode
+
+The \c{removeItem()} method deletes database fields:
+
+\code
+db.removeItem("key");
+\endcode
+
+The \c{clear()} method deletes all key/value pairs within the database, either
+for an entire site in the case of \c{localStorage}, or for an individual window
+session in the case of \c{sessionStorage}:
+
+\code
+db.clear();
+\endcode
+
+Databases can be accessed as arrays using index notation, useful in cases where
+you may not know all the field names. The \c{length} property returns the number
+of fields in the database, and the \c{key()} method returns the name of the key
+corresponding to a given index. The following reflects the contents of a
+database in a JavaScript object:
+
+\code
+var obj = {};
+for ( var i = 0, l = db.length ; i < l ; i++ ) {
+ obj[ db.key(i) ] = db.getItem( db.key(i) );
+}
+\endcode
+
+Since keys correspond to array indexes, you should not add or remove keys during
+any operation that iterates over the full set of key/value pairs. Newly
+introduced keys are introduced randomly into the array's sequence.
+
+The following displays simple storage functionality. The application prompts for
+a login and password if they are unavailable. This locally stored data is
+available the next time users open the browser. However, the contents of the
+credit card field is stored only for the duration of the browing session.
+
+\l{ex_storage}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_storage.png
+}
+
+\l{storage_css}{(CSS)}
+\l{storage_js}{(JavaScript)}
+
+
+ \section2 Storing Non-String Data
+
+ Since local and session storage APIs only support string values, you need to
+ be careful not to allow errors that result from passive conversions from
+ other data types. The following sample shows how such an error might come
+ about:
+
+ \code
+ var db = window.localStorage;
+ var saveCardInfo;
+ // user expresses preference NOT to save credit card info:
+ saveCardInfo = false;
+ // BUG happens here...
+ db.setItem("save_card_info", saveCardInfo);
+ // variable is now a string, not a boolean:
+ saveCardInfo = db.getItem("save_card_info");
+ // both "true" and "false" strings evaluate as true...
+ if ( saveCardInfo ) {
+ // ...so this code always executes...
+ }
+ else {
+ // ...and this code never executes.
+ }
+ \endcode
+
+ The user's preference to retain credit card information is expressed within
+ the application as a \c{true} or \c{false} boolean value. When each value is
+ passed to storage, however, it is passively converted to a string. When
+ reassigned to a JavaScript variable, it no longer serves as a valid boolean
+ test. The application falsely assumes users want to save credit card
+ information, regardless of their expressed preference.
+
+ The following sample fixes the problem. Instead of using \c{true} and
+ \c{false} boolean values, it converts \c{1} and \c{0} strings to numbers:
+
+ \code
+ var db = window.localStorage;
+ var saveCardInfo = 0;
+ db.setItem("save_card_info", saveCardInfo);
+ // multiplying forces numeric output:
+ saveCardInfo = db.getItem("save_card_info") * 1;
+ \endcode
+
+ For a more reliable alternative, store values as JSON strings and rely on
+ automatic type conversion when subsequently parsing them. The following
+ sample shows how parsing JSON preserves both boolean and numeric data:
+
+ \code
+ var saveCardInfo = true; // boolean
+ var shipMethod = 2; // number
+ var db = window.localStorage;
+
+ db.setItem("save_card_info", JSON.stringify(saveCardInfo));
+ db.setItem("ship_method", JSON.stringify(shipMethod));
+
+ saveCardInfo = JSON.parse(db.getItem("save_card_info")); // boolean
+ shipMethod = JSON.parse(db.getItem("ship_method")); // number
+ \endcode
+
+ Note that this simple approach may cause problems of its own. For example,
+ perhaps the words \c{true} and \c{false} really should be represented
+ as strings. Encapsulating data within objects accounts for such variability:
+
+ \code
+ var db = window.localStorage;
+ var obj = {
+ bool : true,
+ str : "true",
+ num : 1
+ };
+ db.setItem("appState", JSON.stringify(obj)); // to database...
+ // "appState" is "{'bool':true,'num':1,'str':'true'}"
+ obj = JSON.parse(db.getItem("appState")); // ...and back
+ // obj is same as initially defined.
+ \endcode
+
+ The ability to save objects as JSON strings means that you can save an
+ application's state within a single database field. For example, you might
+ use the following approach to save the entire contents of a shopping cart in
+ a single field for later use:
+
+ \code
+ var db = window.localStorage;
+ var cart = { items: [] };
+
+ cart.message = "From your loving uncle";
+
+ cart.items.push({
+ description : "Floor to Ceiling Shoe Rack",
+ id : 203174676,
+ price : 99.95,
+ quantity : 1,
+ weight : 20,
+ });
+
+ cart.items.push({
+ description : "Automatic Laser Toy for Cats",
+ id : 203345371,
+ price : 19.95,
+ quantity : 2,
+ weight : 0.5,
+ });
+
+ // save all cumulative items:
+ db.setItem("cart", JSON.stringify(cart));
+
+ // extract items from storage:
+ cart = JSON.parse(db.getItem("cart"));
+ \endcode
+
+ JSON allows you to store data types, but functions are ignored. That makes
+ it more difficult to preserve objects representing fully functional
+ applications.
+
+ \section2 Storage Events
+
+ The \c{storage} event allows applications to respond indirectly to modified
+ data resulting from calls to \c{setItem()}, \c{removeItem()}, or
+ \c{clear()}. This may be useful in providing users with visual feedback
+ notifying them of data that is modified locally, perhaps rather than being
+ sent to a remote server:
+
+ \code
+ window.addEventListener("storage", function(event){
+ var icon = document.querySelector("#indicator");
+ if (event.storageArea.length) {
+ icon.className = "writing";
+ }
+ else {
+ icon.className = "empty";
+ }
+ }, false);
+ \endcode
+
+ The \c{storage} event's \c{storageArea} attribute returns the
+ \c{localStorage} or \c{sessionStorage} object being modified. The \c{key} is
+ the name of the field being modified, and \c{oldValue} and \c{newValue} are
+ its values before and after the event. The \c{url} is the page that called
+ the method triggering the change.
+
+
+\section1 WebSQL Databases
+
+While common local- or session-based databases are capable of storing complex
+data structures, QtWebKit-based browsers can also rely upon the WebSQL standard,
+which brings SQLite-based structured database functionality, typically deployed
+on servers, to client browser applications. Based on SQLite version 3.6.19,
+WebSQL is appropriate for data-intensive applications requring complex queries
+rather than simple key/value access.
+
+The following test confirms support for WebSQL:
+
+\code
+if (!!window.openDatabase) {
+ // supports WebSQL
+}
+\endcode
+
+Calls to databases made via the WebSQL API are made asynchronously via
+transactions to avoid the user interface from locking up, as database
+interaction may occur from several windows at a time.
+
+The three core API methods are:
+
+\list
+\o \c{openDatabase()}
+\o \c{transaction()}
+\o \c{executeSql()}
+\endlist
+
+ \section2 Creating and Opening a New Database
+
+ To create and open a database, use \c{openDatabase()}on the Window object,
+ for example:
+
+ \code
+ var db = openDatabase('mydb', '1.0', 'my first database', 2*1024*1024);
+ var db = openDatabase('notes', '', 'The Example Notes App!', 1048576);
+ \endcode
+
+ The four required arguments are the database name, version, display name,
+ and estimated size in bytes. You can supply a function as an optional fifth
+ argument to serve as a callback when a database is created. It may be used
+ to call the \c{changeversion()} method, in which case the callback is
+ invoked with an empty string for the database version.
+
+ The second example above specifies an empty string for the version. In this
+ case, the database opens no matter what the database version is. (An
+ \c{openDatabase()} call specifying the wrong version for an existing
+ database throws an \c{INVALID_STATE_ERR} exception.) You can then query the
+ version by examining the database object's version property, for example:
+
+ \code
+ var version = db.version;
+ \endcode
+
+ Note that you don't need to close a client-side Web SQL database when
+ you're done working with it.
+
+ \section2 Transaction Calls and ExecuteSQL Method
+
+ Performing database transactions is superior to running SQL statements
+ directly because transactions are not committed if they fail and you can
+ undo them if needed. Transactions also allow you to handle errors using a
+ callback. To implement a transaction, specify a callback function such as
+ the following:
+
+ \code
+ db.transaction(function (tx) {
+ // SQL details on the tx object go here
+ }
+ \endcode
+
+ The \c{transaction()} method takes one to three arguments:
+
+ \list
+ \o a required transaction callback, in which \c{executeSQL()} calls
+ belong
+ \o an optional transaction error object
+ \o an optional success callback.
+ \endlist
+
+ Use the \c{executeSQL()} method to specify SQL statements for read and write
+ operations. The method protects against SQL injection and provides a
+ callback method to process the results of any SQL queries you specify. The
+ \c{executeSQL()} method takes from one to four arguments:
+
+ \list
+ \o a required SQL statement
+ \o an optional object array of arguments
+ \o an optional SQL statement callback
+ \o an optional SQL statement error callback
+ \endlist
+
+ The example below creates the database if it doesn't exist, adds a
+ two-column table to the database, and adds a row of data to the table:
+
+ \code
+ var db = openDatabase('mydb', '1.0', 'my first database', 2 * 1024 * 1024);
+ db.transaction(function (tx) {
+ tx.executeSql('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS foo (id unique, text)');
+ tx.executeSql('INSERT INTO foo (id, text) VALUES (1, "synergies")');
+ });
+ \endcode
+
+ To capture data from the user or an external source, use \c{?} placeholders
+ to map that data into the SQL query. This ensures the data doesn't
+ compromise database security, for example from SQL injection:
+
+ \code
+ tx.executeSql('INSERT INTO foo (id, text) VALUES (?, ?)', [id, value]);
+ \endcode
+
+ \c{id} and \c{value} are external variables, and \c{executeSql} maps
+ the items in the array to the \c{?}s.
+
+ To select values from the table, use a callback to capture the results:
+
+ \code
+ tx.executeSql('SELECT * FROM foo', [], function(tx, results) {
+ for (var i = 0 , len = results.rows.length; i < len; i++) {
+ // do something with results.rows.item(i).text
+ }
+ });
+ \endcode
+
+ No fields are mapped in the above query, but to use the third argument you
+ need to pass in an empty array as the second argument.
+
+ The SQL statement callback for \c{executeSQL()} is called with the
+ \c{transaction} object and a SQL statement \c{result} object. The \c{result}
+ gives access to the ID of the last inserted row, the number of rows
+ affected, and an indexed list representing the rows returned, in the order
+ returned.
+
+ The \c{result} object contains an array-like \c{rows} object. It has a
+ length, but to access individual rows you need to use
+ \c{results.rows.item(i)}, where \c{i} is the index of the row. This returns
+ an object representation of each row. For example, if your database has a
+ \c{name} and an \c{age} field, the \c{row} contains a \c{name} and an
+ \c{age} property. The value of the \c{age} field can be accessed using
+ \c{results.rows.item(i).age}.
+
+ \section2 Changing Database Versions
+
+ Each database has one version at a time and multiple versions cannot exist
+ at one time. Versions allow you to manage schema changes incrementally.
+
+ You can change the version of a client-side Web SQL database using the
+ \c{changeversion()} method:
+
+ \code
+ if (db.version == "1.0") {
+ try {
+ // comment out for crash recovery.
+ db.changeVersion("1.0", "2.0", cv_1_0_2_0, oops_1_0_2_0, success_1_0_2_0);
+ } catch(e) {
+ alert('changeversion 1.0 -> 2.0 failed');
+ alert('DB Version: '+db.version);
+ }
+ }
+ \endcode
+
+ \c{changeversion()} takes the following arguments: required old and new
+ version numbers, optional SQL transaction callback, optional SQL transaction
+ error callback, and optional success callback.
+
+ \section2 Errors
+
+ Asynchronous API errors are reported using callbacks that have a
+ \c{SQLError} object as one of their arguments. \c{SQLError} contains a code
+ from the table below and a localized message string.
+
+ Error codes are:
+
+ \list
+ \o 0 \c{UNKNOWN_ERROR} Transaction failed for reasons unrelated to the DB
+ \o 1 \c{DATABASE_ERROR} Statement failed for DB reasons not covered by other
+ code
+ \o 2 \c{VERSION_ERROR} DB version doesn't match expected version
+ \o 3 \c{TOO_LARGE_ERROR} Data returned from DB was too large. Try the
+ \c{SQL LIMIT} modifier.
+ \o 4 \c{QUOTA_ERROR} Insufficient remaining storage
+ \o 5 \c{SYNTAX_ERROR} Syntax error, argument mismatch, or unallowed
+ statement
+ \o 6 \c{CONSTRAINT_ERROR} An \c{INSERT}, \c{UPDATE}, or \c{REPLACE}
+ statement failed due to a constraint error
+ \o 7 \c{TIMEOUT_ERROR} Timeout waiting for transaction lock
+ \endlist
+
+ \bold{See Also:}
+ \l{HTML5 Doctor: Introducing Web SQL Databases}
+
+\list
+\o \l{QtWebKit Guide} -back to the main page
+\endlist
+*/
+
+*/
diff --git a/doc/src/webkit/guide/chapter_canvas.qdoc b/doc/src/webkit/guide/chapter_canvas.qdoc
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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+/****************************************************************************
+**
+** Copyright (C) 2011 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies).
+** All rights reserved.
+** Contact: Nokia Corporation (qt-info@nokia.com)
+**
+** This file is part of the Qt WebKit module of the Qt Toolkit.
+**
+** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:BSD$
+** You may use this file under the terms of the BSD license as follows:
+**
+** "Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+** modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+** met:
+** * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+** notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+** * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+** notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+** the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+** distribution.
+** * Neither the name of Nokia Corporation and its Subsidiary(-ies) nor
+** the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote
+** products derived from this software without specific prior written
+** permission.
+**
+** THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+** "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+** LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+** A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+** OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+** SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+** LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+** DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+** THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+** (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+** OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE."
+** $QT_END_LICENSE$
+**
+****************************************************************************/
+/*!
+
+\page qtwebkit-guide-canvas.html
+\title QtWebKit Guide - Canvas Graphics
+
+\chapter Canvas Graphics
+This section of the \l{QtWebKit Guide} serves as an introduction to the
+\l{HTML5 Canvas API} features of QtWebKit.
+
+The \l{HTML5 Canvas API} enables you to draw within a Web page or Web App using
+JavaScript. After you define a rectangle that serves as your drawing canvas, you
+can draw straight and curved lines, simple and complex shapes, graphs, and
+referenced graphic images. You can add text, color, shadows, gradients, and
+patterns. The canvas API also enables you to save or export the canvas as a .png
+or .jpeg image file.
+
+To define the drawing area, set the \c{width} and \c{height} of a \c{<canvas>}
+element. For example, the following sets a drawing area with a height of 100
+pixels and width of 200 pixels:
+
+\code
+<canvas id="mycanvas" width="100" height="200"></canvas>
+\endcode
+
+By default, \c{canvas} elements are sized 150 pixels high and 300 pixels wide.
+You can also set the size of the canvas using CSS:
+
+\code
+canvas { height : 200px; width : 100px; }
+\endcode
+
+The \c{canvas} element is transparent and has no visible borders until you
+\l{Accessing the Rendering Context}{access the 2D rendering context}.
+
+Resetting the width or height of an existing canvas erases its contents and
+resets all the context properties of the canvas to their default values.
+
+\section1 Accessing the Rendering Context
+
+The rendering \bold{context} defines the methods and attributes needed to draw
+on the canvas. QtWebKit currently supports the two-dimensional rendering
+context. The following assigns the canvas rendering context to a \c{context}
+variable:
+
+\code
+var context = canvas.getContext("2d")
+\endcode
+
+The 2d context renders the canvas as a coordinate system whose origin (0,0) is
+at the top left corner, as shown in the figure below. Coordinates increase along
+the \c{x} axis from left to right and along the \c{y} axis from top to bottom of
+the canvas.
+
+\image webkit-guide/canvas_context.gif
+
+\section1 Drawing Shapes
+
+The 2D rendering context supports rectangles, lines, and arcs, which
+you can combine to build complex shapes and graphic images.
+
+ \section2 Drawing Rectangles
+
+ The rectangle is the only geometric shape that is built in to the
+ canvas API. You can draw an outline of a rectangle, a filled
+ rectangle, and a filled rectangle with clear parts. You do not have to
+ create a path to draw a rectangle.
+
+ To draw an outline of a rectangle, use the \c{strokeRect()} method.
+
+ To draw a filled rectangle, use the \c{fillRect()} method. The default
+ fill color is black.
+
+ To clear part of a filled rectangle, use the \c{clearRect()} method.
+
+ Each method accepts the following series of arguments:
+
+ \list
+ \o \c{x} is the position on the canvas to the right of the origin
+ (0,0) of the top left corner of the rectangle
+ \o \c{y} is the position on the canvas below the origin of the top
+ left corner of the rectangle
+ \o \c{width} is the width of the rectangle to be drawn
+ \o \c{height} is the height of the rectangle to be drawn
+ \endlist
+
+ For example, the following code draws concentric rectangles:
+
+ \code
+ var context = canvas.getContext("2d");
+ canvas.strokeRect(50,50,50,50);
+ canvas.fillRect(60,60,30,30);
+ canvas.clearRect(70,70,10,10);
+ \endcode
+
+ \image webkit-guide/canvas_rectangles.gif
+
+ \section2 Drawing Lines
+
+ To draw a line, you first have to \e{"put your pencil down"} on the canvas
+ by creating a path. The \c{context.beginPath()} method sets a new path
+ in the canvas. Each line that you draw is stored as a sub-path.
+ Sub-paths can be closed to form a shape, or they can be left open.
+ Each time you want to draw a new shape, you have to call the
+ \c{beginPath()} method to reset the current path.
+
+ After calling \c{beginPath()}, you set your starting position on the
+ canvas by calling the \c{context.moveTo(x,y)} method. The
+ \c{moveTo(x,y)} method creates a new subpath on the canvas that begins
+ at the Cartesian point \c{(x,y)}.
+
+ To draw a straight line, call the \c{context.lineTo(x,y)} method. This
+ adds the point (x,y) to the current subpath and connects it to the
+ previous subpath by a straight line. In other words, (x,y) are the
+ coordinates of the line's endpoint. For example:
+
+ \code
+ context.beginPath();
+ context.moveTo(10,10);
+ context.lineTo(30,30);
+ \endcode
+
+ To get the \e{pencil} to actually draw on the canvas, first use the
+ \c{strokeStyle} property to set the color to a value such as black
+ (\c{#000}):
+
+ \code
+ context.strokeStyle(#000);
+ \endcode
+
+ (The \c{strokeStyle} property can be a CSS color, a pattern, or a gradient.)
+ Then use the \c{context.stroke()} method to actually draw the line on the
+ canvas:
+
+ \code
+ context.stroke();
+ \endcode
+
+ This produces the image below. The numeric coordinates are added for clarity
+ but are not part of the image drawn by the code:
+
+ \image webkit-guide/canvas_lineStrokeTo.gif
+
+ To create a shape, call the \c{context.closePath()} method:
+
+ \code
+ context.closePath();
+ context.moveTo(10,10); // starting point
+ context.lineTo(30,30); // specify first line
+ context.moveTo(30,30); // move to end of first line
+ context.lineTo(60,10); // specify second line
+ context.moveTo(60,10); // move to end of second line
+ context.lineTo(10,10); // specify third line to close triangle
+ context.strokeStyle("#000"); // use black color for lines
+ context.stroke(); // draws the triangle lines on the canvas
+ \endcode
+
+ To fill the shape, use the \c{fillstyle} property and the \c{fill()}
+ method:
+
+ \code
+ context.fillStyle("#FF0000"); // use red color for fill
+ context.fill(); // fill the triangle
+ \endcode
+
+ The commands, if coded fully, would create the shape below:
+
+ \image webkit-guide/canvas_closepath.gif
+
+ \note It is not necessary to close the path when calling the \c{fill()}
+ method. Calling \c{fill()} closes the path and creates the completed shape.
+
+ You can draw lines of various widths, endcap types, and joining options by
+ configuring the following attributes:
+
+ \list
+ \o \c{lineWidth} sets the thickness of the current line. The value can be
+ any number greater than \c 0. For example, \c{context.lineWidth = 10} sets
+ the line thickness to \c 10 units. The default value is \c 1 unit, which is
+ not the same as \c 1 \e pixel. Instead, the line is centered on the current
+ path, with half its thickness on each side of the path.
+ \o \c{lineCap} sets the type of endpoint of the current line. The value can
+ be either \c{butt}, \c{square}, or \c{round}. (The default value is
+ \c{butt}.)
+ \list
+ \o \c{butt}- the ends of the line abutt the line guide.
+ \o \c{square} adds a box at both ends of the line.
+ \o \c{round} adds a semicircle at both ends of the line.
+ \endlist
+
+ \o \c{lineJoin} sets the style with which lines are joined. The value
+ can be either \c{bevel}, \c{round}, or \c{miter}. (The default value
+ is \c{miter}.)
+ \list
+ \o \c{bevel} flattens the corners at which the lines join
+ \o \c{round} rounds the corners at which the lines join
+ \o \c{miter} joins the lines at a single point
+ \endlist
+ \o \c{miterLimit} sets the \e{miter limit ratio}. The value can be any
+ number greater than \c 0. The miter limit ratio determines how far the
+ connection point of the outside of the lines can be from the connection
+ point of the inside of the lines. (The default value is \c 10.)
+ \endlist
+
+ \image webkit-guide/canvas_linecap.png
+
+ \section2 Drawing Arcs
+
+ To draw an arc, you begin with the same steps your followed to create
+ a line:
+
+ \list 1
+ \o Call the \c{context.beginPath()} method to \e{"put your pencil down"} on
+ the canvas and set a new path.
+ \o Call the \c{context.moveTo(x,y)} method to set your starting position on
+ the canvas at the point (x,y).
+ \o To draw an arc or circle, call the \c{context.arcTo(x1,y1,x2,y2,radius)}
+ method. This adds an arc with starting point \c{(x1,y1)}, ending point
+ \c{(x2,y2)}, and radius \c{radius} to the current subpath and connects it to
+ the previous subpath by a straight line.
+
+ \image webkit-guide/canvas_arcTo.png
+
+ \o An alternative way to draw an arc or circle is to call the
+ \c{context.arc(x,y,radius,startAngle,endAngle,anticlockwise)} method. This
+ adds an arc to the current subpath that lies on the circumference of the
+ circle whose center is at the point (x,y) and whose radius is \c{radius}.
+
+ \image webkit-guide/canvas_arcTo2.png
+
+ Both \c{startAngle} and \c{endAngle} are measured from the x axis in units
+ of radians.
+
+ A complete circle is \c 360 degrees, or 2\pi radians. A semicircle is \c 180
+ degrees, or \pi radians. The number of radians is the number of degrees
+ multiplied by \pi/180, expressed in JavaScript as:
+
+ \code
+ var radians = (Math.PI/180)*degrees;
+ \endcode
+
+ \image webkit-guide/canvas_startAngle.png
+
+ \c{anticlockwise} has the value \c{TRUE} for each arc in the figure
+ above because they are all drawn in the counterclockwise direction.
+
+ \o To create a shape, call the \c{context.closePath()} method. This
+ marks the current subpath as closed and draws a straight line from the
+ current point to the first point in the path.
+
+ \o To draw only the outline of the shape, call the \c{context.stroke()}
+ method.
+
+ \o To fill in the shape, call the \c{context.fill()} method.
+
+ \o To set the color of the fill, set the \c{strokeStyle}. For example,
+ the code
+
+ \code
+ context.strokeStyle = "#FF0000";
+ \endcode
+
+ sets the fill color to red.
+
+ \endlist
+
+ \note It is not necessary to close the path if you are going to call
+ the \c{fill()} method. The fill closes the path and creates the completed
+ shape.
+
+ To create complex shapes, combine lines and arcs:
+
+ \list 1
+ \o Call the \c{context.beginPath()} method to \e{"put your pencil down"} on
+ the canvas and set a new path.
+ \o Call the \c{context.moveTo(x,y)} method to set your starting position on
+ the canvas at the point (x,y).
+ \o Draw any combination of lines and arcs by calling the \c{lineTo},
+ \c{arcTo}, \c{arc}, \c{moveTo}, \c{closePath}, \c{stroke}, and \c{fill}
+ methods and setting the line attributes and fill colors as described above.
+ \endlist
+
+ You can also create complex shapes by removing portions of the shapes you
+ draw. The \c{clip()} method creates a clipping path that defines the area
+ along which your "scissor" will cut. Any parts of the shape outside the
+ clipping path are not displayed. To create a complex shape using the
+ \c{clip()} method:
+
+ \list 1
+ \o Call the \c{context.beginPath()} method to set the clipping path.
+ \o Define the clipping path by calling any combination of the \c{lineTo},
+ \c{arcTo}, \c{arc}, \c{moveTo}, and \c{closePath} methods.
+ \o Call the \c{context.clip()} method.
+ \endlist
+
+ The new shape displays. The following shows how a clipping path can
+ modify how an image displays:
+
+ \image webkit-guide/canvas_clip-complex.png
+
+\section1 Compositing
+
+You can build complex shapes by drawing shapes on top of each other. It is also
+possible to draw shapes behind existing shapes and to mask parts of shapes by
+using \e{compositing operations}. The \c{globalCompositeOperation} attribute
+sets the way shapes can be combined.
+
+The first shape drawn on the canvas to which additional shapes are added is
+called the \e{destination} shape. The shape drawn on the canvas afterwards to
+create the composite image is called the \e{source} shape. The value of the
+\c{globalCompositeOperation} attribute must be set to one of the following:
+
+\list
+\o \c{source-over} displays the source (newer) shape over the destination
+(older) shape unless the source shape is transparent. (This is the default
+value)
+
+\o \c{source-in} displays only the portion of the source shape that is opaque
+and overlaps the destination shape. Everything else is transparent.
+
+\o \c{source-out} displays only the portion of the source shape that does not
+overlap the destination shape.
+
+\o \c{source-atop} displays only the portion of the opaque source shape that
+overlaps the destination shape and the portion of the destination shape that is
+not covered by the opaque source shape.
+
+\o \c{destination-over} displays the destination shape over the source shape. In
+areas where both shapes are opaque and overlap, the older shape displays.
+
+\o \c{destination-in} displays only the portion of the destination shape that is
+opaque and overlaps the source shape. Everything else is transparent. The source
+(newer) shape is not visible.
+
+\o \c{destination-out} displays only the portion of the destination shape that
+does not overlap the source shape. The source shape is not visible.
+
+\o \c{destination-atop} displays only the portion of the opaque destination
+shape that overlaps the source shape and the portion of the source shape that is
+not covered by the opaque destination shape.
+
+\o \c{lighter} displays both the source and destination shapes. Where the shapes
+overlap, the their color values are added, producing a lighter color.
+
+\o \c{copy} displays only the source shape. The destination shape is ignored.
+
+\o \c{xor} displays both the source and the destination shapes except the areas
+of overlap, in which both shapes are completely transparent.
+\endlist
+
+The following figure shows the various compositing effects:
+\image webkit-guide/canvas_composite.png
+
+\section1 Saving and Exporting Canvas Drawings as Image Files
+
+You can save or export your canvas drawings as .png or .jpeg image files by
+calling the \c{toDataURL()} method:
+
+\code
+canvas.toDataURL([type, ...])
+\endcode
+where:
+\list
+\o \c{type} is the MIME type to which you want to save or export your canvas.
+Possible values are:
+ \list
+ \o \c{"image\png"} (Default value)
+ \o \c{"image\jpeg"}
+ \endlist
+\o\c{...} represents additional arguments that depend on the MIME type.
+ \list
+ \o If \c{type} is \c{png}, this argument is \c{" "}
+ \o If \c{type} is \c{jpeg}, this argument is the desired quality level of the
+ image. The value is a number in the range 0.0 to 1.0, inclusive.
+ \endlist
+\endlist
+
+\section1 Drawing Text
+
+You can draw text on your canvas by setting the following font attributes on the
+2d drawing context:
+
+\list
+\o \c{font} refers to any font, expressed the same way as in CSS properties.
+This attribute's value can include any font style, variant, weight, size,
+height, and family. For example:
+
+ \code
+ context.font = "12pt Arial";
+ \endcode
+
+ The default value is \c{10px sans-serif}.
+
+ If you set the \c{font} attribute to a
+ relative font size, the browser multiplies it by the computed font size of the
+ \c{<canvas>} element itself. For example:
+
+ \code
+ context.font = "200%";
+ \endcode
+
+\o \c{textAlign} specifies the alignment of the text. The values can be one of
+the following:
+ \list
+ \o \c{left} for left-aligned text
+ \o \c{right} for right-aligned text
+ \o \c{center} for text that is centered within each line
+ \o \c{start} (default) - the text is aligned at the beginning of the line. Text
+ is left- or right-justified based on locale-specific writing method: left when
+ text is left-to-right, right when text is right-to-left.
+ \o \c{end} - the text is aligned at the end of the line, either left or right
+ depending on locale-specific writing method.
+ \endlist
+
+\o \c{textBaseline} specifies the position at which text is drawn relative to a
+baseline. The figure below, from \l{HTML5 Canvas API}, illustrates the possible
+values for the \c{textBaseline} attribute:
+ \list
+ \o \c{top} is the top of the em square, which approximates the top of the glyphs
+ in a font
+ \o \c{hanging} specifies a hanging baseline, where the tops of some glyphs are
+ anchored.
+ \o \c{middle} is the mid-point of the em square
+ \o \c{alphabetic} (default) is the anchor point of many alphabetic characters
+ \o \c{ideographic} is the anchor point of many ideograms, such as the characters
+ used in the writing systems of many Asian languages
+ \o \c{bottom} is the bottom of the em square
+ \endlist
+\endlist
+
+\image webkit-guide/canvas_text.png
+
+To draw text on a canvas:
+\list 1
+\o Set the \c{font} attribute on the drawing context. For example:
+ \code
+ context.font = "bold 11px arial"
+ \endcode
+\o Measure the text that you want to draw by calling the \c{measureText} method:
+ \code
+ TextMetrics measureText("Text to draw");
+ \endcode
+where \c{TextMetrics} is the object returned. Its \c{width} attribute is the
+width, in pixels, that the \c{"Text to draw"} would be when drawn with the font
+specified by the \c{font} attribute.
+\o Call either of the following methods:
+ \list
+ \o \c{fillText} draws the text with the font style specified by the \c{font}
+ attribute, the alignment specified by the \c{textAlign} attribute, and the
+ baseline specified by the \c{textBaseline} attribute. For example:
+ \code
+ context.fillText("Text to draw",x,y,maximumWidth);
+ \endcode
+where \c{x} and \c{y} are the coordinates at which the drawing begins (the
+anchor point), and \c{maximumWidth} is the maximum width of the text string
+(optional). If the \c{width} returned in step 2 is larger than the
+\c{maximumWidth}, the font is scaled down until the width of the text string is
+less than the \c{maximumWidth} specified.
+
+If you don't specify the \c{font} attribute, the text inherits the font size and
+style of the \c{<canvas>} element itself.
+
+\o \c{strokeText} is the same as the \c{fillText} method, except that
+a stroke style is applied to the text instead of a fill style,
+creating outlines of glyphs. For example:
+
+\code
+context.fillText("Text to stroke",x,y,maximumWidth);
+\endcode
+
+\endlist
+
+\endlist
+
+\section1 Working with Images
+
+You can insert existing images onto your canvas, you can scale or crop
+them, and you can combine them to create composite images. You can
+also draw new images by creating an \c{Image()} object with JavaScript.
+
+To insert an existing image onto a canvas, call the \c{drawImage} method:
+
+\code
+context.drawImage(image, dx, dy, dw, dh)
+\endcode
+
+where:
+
+\list
+
+\o \c{image} is a reference to an HTML \c{<image>} or \c{<canvas>}
+element. The image must be fully loaded before you can draw it on the
+canvas. The reference cannot be a URL. Instead, it should be
+referenced using standard DOM methods such as \c{document.images()} or
+\c{document.getElementById()}. For example:
+
+\code
+<canvas id="demo1" width="100" height="150"></canvas>
+
+var canvas = document.getElementById("demo1");
+var context = canvas.getContext("2d");
+\endcode
+
+
+\o \c{dx} is the x coordinate of the upper left corner of the image to be
+drawn on the canvas (the destination image)
+
+\o \c{dy} is the y coordinate of the upper left corner of the destination
+image
+
+\o \c{dw} is the width of the destination image (optional)
+
+\o \c{dh} is the height of the destination image (optional)
+
+\endlist
+
+If \c{dw} and \c{dh} are not specified, the image retains its source
+dimensions when drawn on the canvas. When \c{dw} and \c{dh} are
+specified, the image is scaled to width \c{dw} and height \c{dh} when
+drawn on the canvas.
+
+If you want to crop the source image, the \c{drawImage} method can be
+overloaded with the following arguments:
+
+\code
+context.drawImage(image, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh)
+\endcode
+
+where:
+\list
+\o \c{sx} is the x coordinate of the upper left corner of the cropped source
+image
+\o \c{sy} is the y coordinate of the upper left corner of the cropped source
+image
+\o \c{sw} is the width of the cropped source image
+\o \c{sh} is the height of the cropped source image
+\endlist
+
+Use this method if you want to crop the source image to the rectangle (sx, sy,
+sw, sh) before drawing it on the canvas. The destination image will have width
+\c dw, height \c dh, and upper left corner at coordinates \c{(dx,dy)} on the
+canvas.
+
+To create a new image using JavaScript, create an \c{Image} object and define
+its source. Use an \c{onload} event handler to ensure that the \c{drawImage}
+method is not called until the image has finished loading. For example:
+
+\code
+var graphic = new Image();
+graphic.src = "clipart/graphic.png";
+\endcode
+
+The image begins to load.
+
+\code
+graphic.onload = function(){
+ context.drawImage(graphic,x,y);
+};
+\endcode
+
+ \section2 Creating Patterns with Images
+
+ You can create patterns with an image by repeating it horizontally,
+ vertically, or both. The top left corner of the first image must be
+ anchored at the origin of the coordinate space. To repeat an image,
+ call the \c{createPattern} method:
+
+ \code
+ context.createPattern(image, repetition);
+ \endcode
+
+ where:
+
+ \list
+
+ \o \c{image} is a reference to an HTML \c{<image>} or \c{<canvas>}element
+ that is repeated to form a pattern. The image must
+ be fully loaded before you can draw it on the canvas. The reference
+ cannot be a URL. Instead, it should be referenced via standard DOM
+ methods such as
+ \list
+ \o \c{document.images} and
+ \o \c{document.getElementById}. For example:
+
+ \code
+ <canvas id="demo1" width="100" height="150"></canvas>
+
+ var canvas = document.getElementById("demo1");
+ var context = canvas.getContext("2d");
+ \endcode
+ \endlist
+ \o \c{repetition} is the direction in which the image repeats to form the
+ pattern. Possible values are:
+ \list
+ \o \c{repeat} (default) the image repeats both horizontally and vertically
+ \o \c{repeat-x} the image repeats horizontally
+ \o \c{repeat-y} the image repeats vertically
+ \endlist
+ \endlist
+
+ The repeated images are the same size as the source image. The
+ \c{createPattern} method does not scale the images.
+
+ For example, to create a horizontal pattern of roses, create an
+ \c{Image} object to use as a pattern and define its source. Use an
+ \c{onload} event handler to ensure that the \c{createPattern} method
+ is not called until the image has finished loading. For example:
+
+ \code
+ var roses = new Image();
+ roses.src = "clipart/roses.jpg";
+ \endcode
+
+ The image begins to load.
+
+ \code
+ roses.onload = function(){
+ var pattern = context.createPattern(roses,repeat-x);
+ };
+ \endcode
+
+ \image webkit-guide/canvas_pattern.png
+
+\section1 Applying Colors
+
+To draw the outline of a shape in color, set the \c{strokeStyle} attribute to
+any valid \l{CSS Color Value}{CSS color value}. The color value can be in
+hexadecimal notation or in RGB/HSL notation, as described in \l{Specifying Color
+and Opacity}. For example, either of the following sets a shape's outline to
+red:
+
+\code
+context.strokeStyle = "#FF0000"
+context.strokeStyle = "rgb(255,0,0)"
+\endcode
+
+To fill a shape with color, set the \c{fillStyle} attribute to a l{CSS Color
+Value}{CSS color value}. The color value can be in hexadecimal notation or in
+RGB/HSL notation. For example, either of the following colors a shape's interior
+as blue:
+
+\code
+context.fillStyle = "#0000FF"
+context.fillStyle = "rgb(0,0,255)"
+\endcode
+
+The \l{CSS3 Color Module specification} extends both RGB and HSL color models to
+include a color's opacity, referred to as its \e{alpha}. These extended
+models are known as RGBA and HSLA. There are no hexadecimal notations for RGBA
+and HSLA values. The following specifies varying levels of opacity for a blue
+shape:
+
+\code
+context.fillStyle = rgba(0, 0, 255, 0) // transparent
+context.fillStyle = rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.5) // semi-transparent
+context.fillStyle = rgba(0, 0, 255, 1) // opaque
+\endcode
+
+When you set the \c{context.strokeStyle} or \c{context.fillStyle} attributes,
+whatever value you set becomes the default value for all subsequently drawn
+shapes, until you set a new value.
+
+ \section2 Applying Gradients
+
+ A gradient is a smooth transition between colors. There are two types of
+ gradients: linear and radial.
+
+ A linear gradient transitions the color along a line between two points. To
+ create a linear gradient, call the \c{createLinearGradient} method:
+
+ \code
+ createLinearGradient(x0, y0, x1, y1)
+ \endcode
+
+ where \c{(x0, y0)} is the starting point and \c{(x1, y1)} is the ending
+ point for the linear gradient.
+
+ A radial gradient transitions the color along a cone between two circles. To
+ create a radial gradient, call the \c{createRadialGradient} method:
+
+ \code
+ createRadialGradient(x0, y0, r0, x1, y1, r1)
+ \endcode
+ where:
+ \list
+ \o \c{(x0, y0, r0)} represents the starting circle, whose origin is \c{(x0,
+ y0)} and whose radius is \c{r0}.
+ \o \c{(x1, y1, r1)} represents the ending circle, whose origin is \c{(x1, y1)}
+ and whose radius is \c{r1}.
+ \endlist
+
+ Gradients must have two or more \e{color stops}, representing color
+ shifts positioned from \c 0 to \c 1 between to the gradient's starting and
+ end points or circles:
+
+ \code
+ addColorStop(position,color)
+ \endcode
+
+ where:
+ \list
+ \o \c{position} specifies the position of the color within the already
+ defined starting and end points or circles, expressed as a number from \c 0
+ to \c 1.
+ \o \c{color} specifies the CSS color at that position.
+ \endlist
+
+ For example, to define a gradient that varies from red to blue horizontally
+ along a rectangular area:
+ \list 1
+ \o Create a gradient object:
+ \code
+ var redbluegradient = context.createLinearGradient(0,0,100,0);
+ \endcode
+ \o Define the color stops:
+ \code
+ redbluegradient.addColorStop(0, "rgb(255,0,0)"); // red at the left side of the rectangle
+ redbluegradient.addColorStop(1, "rgb(0,0,255)"); // blue at the right side of the rectangle
+ \endcode
+ \o Draw the shape and set a \c{fillStyle} or \c{strokeStyle}:
+ \code
+ context.fillStyle = redbluegradient;
+ context.fillRect(0,0,100,150);
+ \endcode
+ \endlist
+
+ To define a gradient that varies from red to blue vertically along a
+ rectangle:
+ \list 1
+ \o Create a gradient object:
+ \code
+ var redbluegradient = context.createLinearGradient(0,0,0,150);
+ \endcode
+ \o Define the color stops:
+ \code
+ redbluegradient.addColorStop(0, "rgb(255,0,0)"); // red at the top of the rectangle
+ redbluegradient.addColorStop(1, "rgb(0,0,255)"); // blue at the bottom of the rectangle
+ \endcode
+ \o Draw the shape and set a \c{fillStyle} or \c{strokeStyle}:
+ \code
+ context.fillStyle = redbluegradient;
+ context.fillRect(0,0,100,150);
+ \endcode
+ \endlist
+
+ \note A canvas gradient's color stops behave slightly differently than those
+ used within non-canvas \l{Gradients}{gradients}. Webkit gradients specify
+ mandatory \c{from} and \c{to} colors, with optional \c{color-stop} values
+ for additional color shifts within the overall range of the gradient. For
+ canvas gradients, even the initial and final colors are defined as color
+ stops.
+
+ \section2 Applying Shadows
+
+ To add a shadow effect to a drawing on a canvas, set the following
+ attributes:
+
+ \list
+ \o \c{shadowColor} sets the color of the shadow. The value can be any CSS
+ color value. The default value is transparent black (\c{"rgba(0,0,0,0)"}).
+
+ \o \c{shadowBlur} sets the amount of blur in the shadow, in pixels. The
+ value can be any positive number or 0. A value of 0 produces a sharp shadow
+ with no blur.
+
+ \o \c{shadowOffsetX} sets the number of pixels the shadow extends
+ horizontally from the object drawn. If this value is a positive number, the
+ shadow extends to the right of the object. If negative, the shadow extends
+ to the left of the object. The default value is 0 pixels.
+
+ \o \c{shadowOffsetY} sets the number of pixels the shadow extends vertically
+ from the object drawn. If this value is a positive number, the shadow
+ extends below the object. If negative, the shadow extends above the object.
+ The default value is 0 pixels.
+ \endlist
+
+ The following example code adds a semi-transparent black shadow to the
+ bottom right of a blue rectangle:
+
+ \code
+ var context = canvas.getContext("2d");
+ context.shadowOffsetX = 5;
+ context.shadowOffsetY = 5;
+ context.shadowBlur = 10;
+ context.shadowColor = "rgba(0,0,0,0.5)";
+ context.fillStyle = "#0000FF";
+ context.fillRect = (0,0,100,50)
+ \endcode
+
+\section1 Transforming Graphics
+
+When drawing shapes and paths, you can translate the canvas's origin, rotate the
+canvas around the origin, scale the units in the canvas grid, and modify the
+transformation matrix directly.
+
+ \section2 Translating the Canvas Origin
+
+ Translating the origin enables you to draw patterns of different objects on
+ the canvas without having to measure the coordinates manually for each
+ shape. To translate the origin of the canvas, use the \c{translate} method:
+ \code
+ context.translate(x,y);
+ \endcode
+ where:
+ \list
+ \o \c{x} is the horizontal distance that the origin is translated, in
+ coordinate space units
+ \o \c{y} is the vertical distance that the origin is translated, in
+ coordinate space units
+ \endlist
+
+ \section2 Rotating the Canvas
+
+ To rotate the canvas around the current origin, call the \c{rotate()}
+ method:
+ \code
+ context.rotate(angle);
+ \endcode
+ where \c{angle} is the clockwise rotation angle in radians.
+ The number of radians is the number of degrees multiplied by \pi/180,
+ expressed in JavaScript as:
+ \code
+ var radians = (Math.PI/180)*degrees;
+ \endcode
+ \image webkit-guide/canvas_rotate.png
+
+ \section2 Scaling the Canvas Grid
+
+ To increase or decrease the size of each unit in the canvas grid, call the
+ \c{scale} method:
+
+ \code
+ context.scale(x,y);
+ \endcode
+
+ where:
+
+ \list
+
+ \o \c{x} is the scale factor in the horizontal direction
+
+ \o \c{y} is the scale factor in the vertical direction
+
+ \endlist
+
+ The scale factors are in multiples. For example, \c{scale(2.0, 0.5)} would
+ double the horizontal size of an object drawn on the canvas and half its
+ vertical size, as shown below:
+
+ \image webkit-guide/canvas_scale.png
+
+ \section2 Manipulating the Transformation Matrix
+
+ Modifying the transformation matrix directly enables you to perform scaling,
+ rotating, and translating transformations in a single step.
+
+ The transformation matrix is an \e{affine transformation} matrix from linear
+ algebra. Affine transformations preserve colinearity and relative distance
+ in the transformed coordinate space. This means that points in a line remain
+ in a line, parallel lines remain parallel, and the distance between lines
+ and objects maintains the same ratio, even if a scale factor is applied.
+ Repositioning by translation, rotation, or skewing is also possible.
+
+ Each point on the canvas is multiplied by the matrix before anything is
+ drawn. The \l{HTML5 Canvas API} defines the transformation matrix as:
+
+ \image webkit-guide/canvas_math.png
+ where:
+ \list
+ \o \c{a} is the scale factor in the horizontal (x) direction
+ \image webkit-guide/canvas_scalex.png
+ \o \c{c} is the skew factor in the x direction
+ \image webkit-guide/canvas_skewx.png
+ \o \c{e} is the translation in the x direction
+ \image webkit-guide/canvas_translate.png
+ \o \c{b} is the skew factor in the y (vertical) direction
+ \image webkit-guide/canvas_skewy.png
+ \o \c{d} is the scale factor in the y direction
+ \image webkit-guide/canvas_scaley.png
+ \o \c{f} is the translation in the y direction
+ \image webkit-guide/canvas_translatey.png
+ \o the last row remains constant
+ \endlist
+
+ The scale factors and skew factors are multiples; \c{e} and \c{f} are
+ coordinate space units, just like the units in the \c{translate(x,y)}
+ method.
+
+ The rotation transformation matrix is as follows:
+
+ \image webkit-guide/canvas_math_rotate.png
+
+ where the \c angle of rotation is in radians.
+
+ \bold{See Also:}
+ \l{http://www.senocular.com/flash/tutorials/transformmatrix/}{senocular.com}
+ for a good explanation of how transformation matrices are used
+ identically within Adobe Flash.
+
+\section1 Canvas Animations
+
+You can animate a canvas drawing by repeatedly redrawing the canvas for each
+frame and translating, rotating, skewing, and scaling the drawn objects.
+
+To draw each frame by employing the HTML5 canvas API, you should define the
+original canvas state and save it for future reference. The drawing context
+maintains a stack of drawing states. Each state consists of the current
+transformation matrix, current clipping region, and current values of the
+following attributes:
+\list
+\o\c{strokeStyle}
+\o\c{fillStyle}
+\o\c{globalAlpha}
+\o\c{lineWidth}
+\o\c{lineCap}
+\o\c{lineJoin}
+\o\c{miterLimit}
+\o\c{shadowOffsetX}
+\o\c{shadowOffsetY}
+\o\c{shadowBlur}
+\o\c{shadowColor}
+\o\c{globalCompositeOperation}
+\o\c{font}
+\o\c{textAlign}
+\o\c{textBaseline}
+\endlist
+The current path and the current bitmap are NOT part of the drawing state.
+The path can be reset only by invoking the \c{beginPath()} method. The current
+bitmap is a property of the canvas, not of the context.
+
+To save the original canvas state, call the \c{save()} method:
+\code
+context.save();
+\endcode
+
+Before drawing each new frame, you must clear the canvas:
+\code
+canvas.clearRect(x,y,width,height);
+\endcode
+where:
+\list
+\o \c{x} is the position of the top left corner of the canvas on the horizontal
+axis
+\o \c{y} is the position of the top left corner of the canvas on the vertical
+axis
+\o \c{width} is the width of the canvas
+\o \c{height} is the height of the canvas
+\endlist
+
+Draw the new frame using any of the methods provided by the canvas API. Then
+save it by calling the \c{save()} method.
+
+If you wish to return to the state of the original frame as the basis for each
+new frame that you draw, call the \c{context.restore()} method.
+
+To execute the drawing methods repeatedly, use the standard JavaScript-based
+animation technique, calling the \c{setInterval()} and \c{clearInterval()}
+methods. The following shows how to execute an animation function every \c 50
+milliseconds (corresponding to 20 times per second, a typical animation frame
+rate), then subsequently halt the animation:
+\code
+var id = setInterval(functionName, 50);
+clearInterval(id);
+\endcode
+
+\bold{See Also:}
+\list
+\o
+\l{http://www.canvasdemos.com/2009/10/09/html-5-canvas-animation/}{CanvasDemos.com: animated cartoon}, which discusses how to use Canvas as an animation framework.
+
+\o
+\l{http://blog.nihilogic.dk/2009/02/html5-canvas-cheat-sheet.html}{nihilogic.dk:
+HTML5 Canvas Cheat Sheet}
+
+\o \l{QtWebKit Guide} -back to the main page
+\endlist
+
+*/
diff --git a/doc/src/webkit/guide/chapter_css.qdoc b/doc/src/webkit/guide/chapter_css.qdoc
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/webkit/guide/chapter_css.qdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,1519 @@
+/****************************************************************************
+**
+** Copyright (C) 2011 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies).
+** All rights reserved.
+** Contact: Nokia Corporation (qt-info@nokia.com)
+**
+** This file is part of the Qt WebKit module of the Qt Toolkit.
+**
+** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:BSD$
+** You may use this file under the terms of the BSD license as follows:
+**
+** "Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+** modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+** met:
+** * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+** notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+** * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+** notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+** the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+** distribution.
+** * Neither the name of Nokia Corporation and its Subsidiary(-ies) nor
+** the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote
+** products derived from this software without specific prior written
+** permission.
+**
+** THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+** "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+** LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+** A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+** OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+** SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+** LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+** DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+** THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+** (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+** OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE."
+** $QT_END_LICENSE$
+**
+****************************************************************************/
+
+/*!
+
+\page qtwebkit-guide-css.html
+
+\title QtWebKit Guide - Level 3 CSS
+
+\chapter Level 3 CSS
+This section of the \l{QtWebKit Guide} serves as an introduction to various
+Level 3 CSS features supported by QtWebKit:
+
+\list
+
+\o The \l{Media Queries} section discusses a simple client-based technique to
+present different interfaces and functionality from a single source of content
+to different classes of mobile device.
+
+\o The \l{Selectors} section concentrates on recently introduced syntax elements
+that make applying formatting and gathering DOM elements more flexible.
+
+\o The \l{Visual Effects} section surveys numerous formatting properties,
+including new color models and advanced WebKit effects.
+
+\o Finally, the \l{Dynamic CSS} section discusses 2D transforms, transitions,
+and keyframe animations.
+
+\endlist
+
+This section features links to numerous sample pages that demonstrate how
+various CSS3 features may be applied within a mobile interface. For best
+results, view these samples with a modern Webkit-based browser such as Apple
+Safari or Google Chrome. Resize the window in which the sample appears to
+roughly match the dimensions of a touch-screen mobile device.
+
+\section1 Media Queries
+
+CSS \e{media queries} extend \e{media types} with more detailed capabilities.
+Media queries offer a simple client-side mechanism to customize interfaces
+comprehensively via CSS.
+
+Media queries are especially useful when extending a body of content for
+presentation on mobile browsers. Prior to support for this feature, there were
+two basic approaches to provisioning mobile web content, both server-based:
+
+\list
+\o \e{Mobile-specific domains}. Content providers might provide a separate
+access points for default content at \c{www.website.com}, with mobile content
+available at \c{m.website.com} or \c{website.mobi}. There might also be an
+additional \c{touch.website.com} access point targeted for higher-end
+touch-screen browsers.
+
+\o \e{Dynamic Server-based Adaptation}. In this case, there is a single access
+point, but the server sends different content, typically depending on the
+\e{User-Agent} header included in all browsers' HTTP requests.
+This approach may leverage databases of device characteristics such as
+\l{WURFL} or \l{DeviceAtlas}.
+\endlist
+
+This section describes how to provision CSS entirely on the mobile
+client.
+
+ \section2 Media Types and Media Queries
+
+ If you only want to serve interfaces for desktop browsers and low-end mobile
+ browsers, specify external CSS files within your HTML's \c{head} region
+ using media types:
+
+ \code
+ <link media="screen" href="/path/to/desktop.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"/>
+ <link media="handheld" href="/path/to/mobile.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"/>
+ \endcode
+
+ The \c{media} attribute specifies different \e{types} of browser: \c{screen}
+ for large-screen desktop browsers, and \c{handheld} for mobile browsers.
+ Browsers identifying themselves as \c{handheld} are served the
+ \c{mobile.css} file, which should specify a dramatically simplified
+ mobile interface.
+
+ A problem arises, however, when the majority of higher-end touch browsers
+ identify themselves as the \c{screen} media type, to avoid being served
+ overly simplified content that is beneath their capabilities. The example
+ above serves a desktop-oriented design to later-generation mobile browsers.
+ To target a higher-end mobile design to these browsers, you need to specify
+ additional media \c{queries}:
+
+ \code
+ <link media="only screen and (min-device-width: 481px)" href="/path/to/desktop.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"/>
+ <link media="only screen and (max-device-width: 480px)" href="/path/to/touch.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"/>
+ <link media="handheld" href="/path/to/mobile.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"/>
+ \endcode
+
+ The first two lines specify any \c{screen}-typed browser whose window
+ is wider or narrower than 480 pixels.
+
+ Regions of content that are inappropriate for presentation within
+ either the touch-based or lower-end mobile design can then be easily
+ removed within the corresponding CSS files:
+
+ \code
+ .widget, .nested_nav, .sidebar, .video_ad, .related_items {
+ display: none;
+ }
+ \endcode
+
+ The following example demonstrates a simple message identifying your class
+ of browser, which appears dynamically based on CSS that is linked using
+ media types and media query syntax:
+
+ \l{mob_mediaquery}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_mob_mediaquery.png
+ }
+
+ \e{Click on the image to view the example live in a browser or click on the
+ following links to view the CSS files.}
+
+ \l{mq_desktop_css}{(Desktop CSS)}
+ \l{mq_touch_css}{(Touch-Screen CSS)}
+ \l{mq_mobile_css}{(Low-end Mobile CSS)}
+
+ The following example shows a skeletal interface that appears differently
+ based on the type of browser viewing it. The image below shows how it
+ appears when viewed on a touch-based browser, but a desktop browser renders
+ a more elaborate three-column layout:
+
+ \l{mob_layout}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_mob_layout.png
+ }
+
+ \l{mqlayout_desktop_css}{(Desktop CSS)}
+ \l{mqlayout_touch_css}{(Touch-Screen CSS)}
+ \l{mqlayout_mobile_css}{(Low-end Mobile CSS)}
+
+ When viewed with a desktop browser,
+ the page displays a typical desktop-style layout:
+ a main content column surrounded by navigation and sidebar columns,
+ with banner headers and footers that straddle the top and bottom of
+ the screen.
+ When viewed with a touch-based browser,
+ the sidebar element does not appear.
+ The main content extends to the full width of the screen,
+ while header and navigation elements share the top of the screen.
+ When viewed with other mobile browsers,
+ even the top of the screen is simplified to replace header information
+ with a simple icon.
+
+ Note that you can also use media queries to customize interfaces for
+ tablet devices such as the Apple iPad:
+
+ \code
+ <link rel="stylesheet" media="all and (min-device-width: 481px)
+ and (max-device-width: 1024px)" href="/path/to/ipad.css"/>
+ \endcode
+
+ \section2 In-line Media Queries
+
+ While it's generally good practice to keep CSS for different designs within
+ separate files, you can also consolidate them. The following example
+ provides a default san-serif font styling for \c{h1} elements, then
+ different sets of style sheets for three browser categories:
+
+ \code
+ h1 { font-family : Arial, sans-serif }
+ @media screen {
+ h1 { color: #00008B; }
+ }
+ @media only screen and (max-device-width: 480px) {
+ h1 { color: #00008B; font-size: medium; }
+ }
+ @media handheld {
+ h1 { font-size: medium; font-weight: bold }
+ }
+ \endcode
+
+ Consolidating style sheets in this manner may reduce the number of separate
+ HTTP requests, help web designers to keep track of variations among designs,
+ and reduce style sheet properties defined redundantly in more than one file.
+
+ \section2 Media Queries via JavaScript
+
+ Browsers that support media queries also support APIs to test them from
+ within JavaScript. Browsers based on QtWebKit use the \c{matchMedia} API.
+ Some other browsers use a slightly different (and older) \c{styleMedia} API,
+ which itself used to be called the \c{media} API. Each can be called from
+ the \c{window} object. The following function accounts for all three cases:
+
+ \code
+ function matchesMediaQuery(query) {
+ if (!!window.matchMedia)
+ return window.matchMedia(query).matches;
+ if (!!window.styleMedia && !!window.styleMedia.matchMedium)
+ return window.styleMedia.matchMedium(query);
+ if (!!window.media && window.media.matchMedium)
+ return window.media.matchMedium(query);
+ return false;
+ }
+ \endcode
+
+ The \c{query} argument corresponds to the media query string used to
+ activate the CSS. For example, the following higher-level function tests
+ whether the browser matches design categories provided simple labels such as
+ \c{desktop}, \c{touch}, or \c{mobile}:
+
+ \code
+ function isDesign(str) {
+ var design;
+ if (matchesMediaQuery('only screen and (min-device-width: 481px)')) {
+ design = 'desktop';
+ }
+ else if (matchesMediaQuery('only screen and (max-device-width: 480px)')) {
+ design = 'touch';
+ }
+ else if (matchesMediaQuery('handheld')) {
+ design = 'mobile';
+ }
+ return str == design;
+ }
+ \endcode
+
+ You can then use the test whenever there is a need to assign functionality
+ for a specific design. The following gathers a series of images and assigns
+ different panel-viewing functions for \c{desktop} and \c{touch} designs,
+ with no functionality assigned to the lower-end \c{mobile} design:
+
+ \code
+ var imgs = document.querySelectorAll("img.panel");
+ for ( var i = 0, len = imgs.length ; i < len ; i++ ) {
+ el = imgs[i];
+ if ( isDesign("desktop") ) {
+ imgs[i].addEventListener("mouseover", showHoverPanel);
+ imgs[i].addEventListener("mouseout", hideHoverPanel);
+ }
+ else if ( isDesign("touch") ) {
+ imgs[i].addEventListener("click", showTouchPanel);
+ }
+ }
+ \endcode
+
+ The following example uses this technique to produce a simple message,
+ dynamically generated by JavaScript,
+ that corresponds to the message generated by CSS:
+
+ \l{mob_condjs}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_mob_condjs.png
+ }
+
+ \l{mob_condjs_css}{(CSS)}
+ \l{mob_condjs_js}{(JavaScript)}
+
+\section1 Selectors
+
+Level 3 CSS provides many useful new \e{selectors} that make it easier to apply
+formatting to page elements. In addition, the \l{Selectors API} makes DOM
+elements accessible using the same CSS expressions you use to apply formatting
+to them. The following show alternate ways to access elements:
+
+\code
+var element = document.getElementById('map');
+var element = document.querySelector('#map');
+
+var elements = document.getElementByClassName('active');
+var elements = document.querySelectorAll('ul > li.active');
+\endcode
+
+This section provides examples of how different kinds of Level 3
+selectors might be applied when formatting mobile interfaces.
+
+ \section2 Attribute Matching
+
+ It is often useful to offer visual hints marking different kinds of link.
+ Users might want to know the difference between a link to a page on the same
+ website and one on an external site. Links to non-HTML file types might pose
+ special challenges to mobile users. Alternately, mobile users might get
+ special benefit from telephone links.
+
+ You can automate this by using the CSS attribute prefix and suffix matching
+ selectors. The following uses \c{^=} to mark external HTTP links, email,
+ SMS, and telephone links, by inserting an icon after the text of the link:
+
+ \code
+ a[href^="http://"]:after, a[href^="https://"]:after
+ { content : url(icon/external.png); }
+ a[href^="mailto:"]:after { content : url(icon/email.png); }
+ a[href^="sms:"]:after { content : url(icon/sms.png); }
+ a[href^="tel:"]:after { content : url(icon/tel.gif); }
+ \endcode
+
+ The following uses \c{$=} to identify various file types by common suffixes:
+
+ \code
+ a[href$=".doc"]:after { content : url(icon/ms_word.gif) }
+ a[href$=".ppt"]:after { content : url(icon/powerpoint.gif) }
+ a[href$=".rss"]:after, a[href$=".xml"]:after
+ { content : url(icon/feed.gif) }
+ a[href$=".pdf"]:after { content : url(icon/pdf.jpg) }
+ a[href$=".xls"]:after { content : url(icon/excel.jpg) }
+ \endcode
+
+ You can also use \c{*=} to freely match substrings within any attribute
+ value. The following might distinguish links to a site's blog area based on
+ how the URL is organized:
+
+ \code
+ a[href*="/blog/"]:after { content : url(icon/blog.jpg )}
+ \endcode
+
+ The following example demonstrates links identified by dynamically generated
+ icons:
+
+ \l{layout_link-fmt}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_layout_link-fmt.png
+ }
+
+ \l{layout_link-fmt_css}{(CSS)}
+
+ \section2 Form Input State
+
+ The \c{:checked} dynamic class allows you to style radio and checkbox inputs
+ based on their selection state:
+
+ \code
+ input[type=radio],
+ input[type=checkbox]
+ { text-align : right }
+
+ input[type=radio]:checked,
+ input[type=checkbox]:checked
+ { text-align : left }
+ \endcode
+
+ This enables the following mobile-friendly interface, which converts small
+ radio and check boxes to much more accessible toggle buttons:
+
+ \l{form_toggler}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_form_toggler.png
+ }
+
+ \l{form_toggler_css}{(CSS)}
+
+ Using the dynamic \c{:checked} CSS class, the \c{text-align} property
+ toggles from \c{left} to \c{right} depending on whether the \c{input} is
+ checked or not. Note that to display button text, dynamic classes can be
+ chained together to form complex expressions:
+ \c{input[type=radio]:checked:before}.
+
+ The example also relies on the \c{-webkit-appearance} property, which allows
+ you to override the default visual presentation of specialized interface
+ elements such as radio and checkbox inputs.
+
+ The following example provides alternate styling for radio and checkbox
+ inputs, presenting them as tappable buttons:
+
+ \l{form_tapper}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_form_tapper.png
+ }
+
+ \l{form_tapper_css}{(CSS)}
+
+ Form elements may also be re-styled based on whether they are \c{:enabled}
+ or \c{:disabled}. In addition, the \c{:focus} dynamic class allows you to
+ style text form inputs or other editable content regions that users have
+ currently selected for editing.
+
+ \section2 Navigational Selectors
+
+ Elements within a page that are the target of navigation can receive
+ distinct styling using the \c{:target} dynamic class. The act of navigating
+ to an element can alter its appearance, or even determine if it is to appear
+ at all.
+
+ The following example relies on anchor navigation to display successive rows
+ of a table within a mobile interface:
+
+ \l{layout_tbl-keyhole}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_layout_tbl-keyhole.png
+ }
+
+ \l{layout_tbl-keyhole_css}{(CSS)}
+
+ While the example relies on table-related tags, they are re-styled with
+ block formatting to confine each row of information within the screen. Each
+ row features links to other rows, triggering their display. Other links
+ navigate away from the table, which suppresses its display altogether. This
+ is the main CSS driving the interface:
+
+ \code
+ .mobile > tbody > tr { display : none }
+ .mobile > tbody > tr:target { display : block }
+ \endcode
+
+ The same technique may be used to display or dismiss optional interface
+ elements such as panels, simply by providing navigation links to them within
+ the page.
+
+ \section2 Indirect Sibling Selector
+
+ The Level 2 \c{+} selector allows you to style elements that immediately
+ follow other specified elements. For example, the following refers to a
+ paragraph that immediately follows a heading at the same level of markup:
+
+ \code
+ h1 + p { font-weight: bold }
+ \endcode
+
+ In contrast, the Level 3 \c{~} indirect sibling selector allows you to style
+ any subsequent element at the same level within the markup. The following
+ example styles any element that follows an \c{h2} that is classed
+ \c{pullquote}:
+
+ \code
+ h2 ~ .pullquote { font-size: 90% }
+ \endcode
+
+ \note Webkit-based browsers do not yet allow you to style
+ elements dynamically via indirect sibling selectors.
+
+ \section2 Positional Selectors
+
+ Various dynamic classes allow you to style elements depending on their
+ position with a series of elements: either elements of the same type, or
+ other child elements of the same parent. The following example aligns a
+ series of icons to a grid:
+
+ \l{css3_sel-nth}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_css3_sel-nth.png
+ }
+
+ \l{css3_sel-nth_css}{(CSS)}
+
+ Columns are specified with the \c{:nth-of-type()} selector, which accepts
+ numeric expressions as arguments. The following selectors refer to every
+ fourth \c{img} element, but offset by a specified number:
+
+ \code
+ img { position: absolute }
+ img:nth-of-type(4n-3) { left: 2% }
+ img:nth-of-type(4n-2) { left: 27% }
+ img:nth-of-type(4n-1) { left: 52% }
+ img:nth-of-type(4n-0) { left: 77% }
+ \endcode
+
+ Alternately, keywords \c{odd} and \c{even} correspond to \c{2n-1} and \c{2n}
+ expressions. These are useful, for example, when styling table rows with
+ alternating background colors.
+
+ Rows are represented as the number of the element within the series, plus a
+ fixed number. Each selector redefines the previous selector's upper range
+ of values:
+
+ \code
+ img:nth-of-type(n) { top: 5% }
+ img:nth-of-type(n+5) { top: 20% }
+ img:nth-of-type(n+9) { top: 35% }
+ img:nth-of-type(n+13) { top: 50% }
+ img:nth-of-type(n+17) { top: 65% }
+ img:nth-of-type(n+21) { top: 80% }
+ \endcode
+
+ Level 3 CSS defines the following positional selectors:
+
+ \list
+ \o \c{:first-child}, \c{:last-child}, and \c{:only-child} refer to the first
+ or last child element within a series, or when it is the only one.
+
+ \o \c{:first-of-type}, \c{:last-of-type}, and \c{:only-of-type} refer to the
+ first or last specified element within a series, or when it is the only one.
+
+ \o \c{:nth-first-child()} and \c{:nth-last-child()} refer to the specified
+ child element positioned from the start or end of the series.
+
+ \o \c{:nth-first-of-type()} and \c{:nth-last-of-type()} refer to the
+ specified element positioned from the start or end of the series.
+
+ \o \c{:nth-of-type()} refers to any series of specified elements.
+
+ \o \c{:nth-child()} refers to any series of child elements.
+
+ \endlist
+
+ \section2 Other Selectors
+
+ Level 3 CSS specifies several other potentially useful dynamic
+ classes that can be added to selectors:
+
+ \list
+
+ \o \c{:empty} refers to an element that contains no child elements,
+ including text nodes.
+
+ \o \c{:root} is a markup-independent way to refer to elements that are
+ postioned at the root of the document,
+ in most cases the \c{html} tag.
+
+ \o The \c{:not()} dynamic class allows you to narrow a range of
+ selectors.
+ This may be more useful when gathering elements via the Selectors API.
+ For example,
+ the following JavaScript gathers form inputs,
+ but not including submit buttons:
+
+ \code
+ var inputs = document.querySelectorAll("input:not([type=submit])");
+ \endcode
+
+ \endlist
+
+\section1 Visual Effects
+
+QtWebKit supports numerous Level 3 CSS visual features. This section briefly
+demonstrates how many of these recently available visual features may be used to
+refine mobile web designs.
+
+These more advanced CSS3 effects tend to be available only on the latest
+generation of mobile browsers. Still, it is safe to use them, even if the design
+degrades somewhat for devices that don't support them. When a browser
+encounters CSS properties or values it can't interpret, it simply ignores them.
+Designers can respond by providing fallback options to allow for \e{graceful
+degradation}. For example, the following CSS specifies a plain gray background
+in case the browser does not support gradients:
+
+\code
+background: #aaaaaa;
+background: -webkit-gradient(linear, center top, center bottom,
+ from(#777777), color-stop(50%,#dddddd), to(#777777) );
+\endcode
+
+Note that many of the CSS properties discussed in this section were implemented
+relatively recently, and vendors of browser rendering engines (such as WebKit)
+may still be in the process of testing and standardizing their behavior. These
+property names feature \e{vendor prefixes} such as \c{-webkit-} for WebKit,
+\c{-moz-} for Mozilla, and \c{-o-} for Opera.
+
+It may be possible to extend CSS properties to these various browsers by
+providing vendor-specific syntax. The following example shows how to extend the
+\c{border-image} property to the Opera browser or Mozilla-based Fennec or the
+Maemo Browser for Nokia N900. It also shows the property's final name following
+the process of standardization:
+
+\code
+-webkit-border-image : url(img/border-frame.gif) 10 stretch stretch;
+-moz-border-image : url(img/border-frame.gif) 10 stretch stretch;
+-o-border-image : url(img/border-frame.gif) 10 stretch stretch;
+border-image : url(img/border-frame.gif) 10 stretch stretch;
+\endcode
+
+In some cases, there are slight variations in the syntax each vendor expects as
+property values.
+
+ \section2 Specifying Color and Opacity
+
+ Prior to CSS3, there were three options when specifying color values: named
+ colors, hexadecimal color values, or RGB values. CSS3 provides additional
+ ways to specify colors:
+
+ \list
+ \o \e{HSL}. Colors defined with the HSL model specify the \e{hue} as a
+ radial or degree coordinate, then its \e{saturation} and \e{luminence}
+ as percentages. The following example specifies red and green values:
+
+ \code
+ background: hsl(0 , 100%, 60%);
+ background: hsl(128, 75% , 33%);
+ \endcode
+
+ \o \e{HSLA}.
+ Same as HSL,
+ but specifying an additional decimal \e{alpha} value that
+ corresponds to opacity.
+ The following specifies a fully opaque red,
+ followed by a partial transparency:
+
+ \code
+ background: hsla(0, 100%, 60%, 1.0);
+ background: hsla(0, 100%, 60%, 0.5);
+ \endcode
+
+ \o \e{RGBA}.
+ Same as RGB,
+ but specifying an additional decimal \e{alpha} value that
+ corresponds to opacity.
+ The following the same transition from opaque to transparent as shown
+ above:
+
+ \code
+ background: rgba(100%, 0%, 0%, 1.0);
+ background: rgba(100%, 0%, 0%, 0.5);
+ \endcode
+ \endlist
+
+ With the addition of opacity to color definitions, you can now also specify
+ \c{transparent} as a color name. Note that while RGBA and HSLA options are
+ now available, you can still use the familiar \c{opacity} property
+ independently of color definitions.
+
+ \section2 Rounded Corners
+
+ In addition to removing harsh edges, rounded corners often help distinguish
+ active items from static background elements. Rounded corners are
+ implemented using the \c{border-radius} property. The following rounds off
+ an edge to the same extent that interior elements are offset:
+
+ \code
+ .rounded {
+ border-radius : 1em;
+ padding : 1em;
+ }
+ \endcode
+
+ The following example demonstrates how rounded corners can enhance a mobile
+ design, by marking the start and end of large regions of content, such as a
+ list of links:
+
+ \l{layout_link-fmt}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_layout_link-fmt.png
+ }
+
+ \l{layout_link-fmt_css}{(CSS)}
+
+ The greater the measurement applied to an element's \c{border-radius}, the
+ more dramatically rounded are its corners. For example, applying a
+ \c{border-radius} that is half an element's overall dimensions results in a
+ circle:
+
+ \code
+ .circle {
+ width : 4em;
+ height : 4em;
+ border-radius : 2em;
+ }
+ \endcode
+
+ You can also set each corner individually, and specify a pair of values to
+ achieve oval-shaped borders:
+
+ \code
+ border-top-left-radius : 2em/1em;
+ \endcode
+
+ \section2 Border Images
+
+ Border images allow you to apply customized marquee effects, as in the
+ following example:
+
+ \l{css3_border-img}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_css3_border-img.png
+ }
+
+ \l{css3_border-img_css}{(CSS)}
+
+ In this case, the image stretches to fit an element's dimensions:
+
+ \code
+ -webkit-border-image : url(img/border-frame.gif) 10 stretch stretch;
+ \endcode
+
+ As is true of the \c{border} property, a single numeric argument specifies
+ the width of the border as a whole, or up to four values to modify the width
+ of each side.
+
+ Any border image you specify substitutes some or all of an element's normal
+ border. The \c{border-image} and \c{border-corner-image} each collectively
+ represent four more specific properties.
+
+ For \c{border-image}, these properties are:
+
+ \list
+ \o \c{border-top-image}
+ \o \c{border-right-image}
+ \o \c{border-bottom-image}
+ \o \c{border-left-image}
+ \endlist
+
+ For \c{border-corner-image}, these properties are:
+ \list
+ \o \c{border-top-left-image}
+ \o \c{border-top-right-image}
+ \o \c{border-bottom-right-image}
+ \o \c{border-bottom-left-image}
+ \endlist
+
+ The \c{border-image} property specifies a single image for all four edge
+ borders. The \c{border-corner-image} property specifies an image for all
+ four corner borders. To specify images individually for any of the edge or
+ corner borders, use any of the eight individual properties.
+
+ When specifying any border edge or corner image values:
+
+ \list
+ \o A \c{stretch} value stretches one image to fill the element border area,
+ as shown in the example above.
+
+ \o A \c{repeat} value repeats one image until it fills the element border
+ area and clips any overflow, for example:
+
+ \code
+ -webkit-border-image : url(img/border-frame.gif) 10 repeat repeat;
+ \endcode
+
+ In this case the first \c{repeat} applies to top and bottom edge borders,
+ and the second applies to left and right edge borders.
+ \endlist
+
+ \section2 Backgrounds
+
+ CSS3 allows you to specify more than one background image at a time.
+ The following example shows an accordion-style tabbed interface:
+
+ \l{css3_backgrounds}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_css3_backgrounds.png
+ }
+
+ \l{css3_backgrounds_css}{(CSS)}
+ \l{css3_backgrounds_js}{(JavaScript)}
+
+ By default, tabs display a single icon image, but when selected feature an
+ additional gradient background image. The following CSS shows how both icon
+ and background can receive their own series of specifications, affecting
+ their offset or whether each image repeats:
+
+ \code
+ background-image : url(img/select.png) , url(img/gradient.jpg);
+ background-repeat : no-repeat , repeat-x;
+ background-position : 12px 12px , 0 0;
+ \endcode
+
+ In addition, you may set the \c{background-size} property to \c{contain} to
+ scale images to the size of the containing element. (Level 2 CSS allowed
+ only specific measurements or percentages of the image's size.)
+
+ \section2 Text Shadow and Stroke
+
+ Shadows can be applied to text. As the following example shows, text shadows
+ may interfere with the legibility of text, and are seldom appropriate unless
+ they're used for large, sans-serif display headings:
+
+ \l{css3_text-shadow}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_css3_text-shadow.png
+ }
+
+ \l{css3_text-shadow_css}{(CSS)}
+
+ In addition to the shadow's color, the property accepts two measurements to
+ represent its offset from the text, while the third specifies the extent to
+ which the shadow is blurred:
+
+ \code
+ h1,h2,h3,h4 { text-shadow : 0.25em 0.25em 0.25em #aaaaaa; }
+ \endcode
+
+ CSS3 also allows you to apply a different colored fill to characters,
+ suitable mainly for larger display type or subtle animations:
+
+ \l{css3_text-stroke}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_css3_text-stroke.png
+ }
+
+ \l{css3_text-stroke_css}{(CSS)}
+
+ In the following CSS, \c{-webkit-text-fill-color} is synonymous with the
+ standard \c{color} property:
+
+ \code
+ -webkit-text-stroke-color : #000000;
+ -webkit-text-stroke-width : 1px;
+ -webkit-text-fill-color : purple;
+ \endcode
+
+ \section2 Text Overflow
+
+ Web developers are familiar with the \c{overflow} property, which can be
+ used to hide content that exceeds an element's dimensions, or else to make
+ it accessible via scrolling. CSS3 specifies an additional \c{text-overflow}
+ property that allows you to add ellipses as a suffix to any text that
+ overflows the element, to indicate the presence of additional text.
+
+ The following example shows how the \c{text-overflow} property allows you to
+ present user-selectable links to expanded regions of text within a page:
+
+ \l{css3_text-overflow}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_css3_text-overflow.png
+ }
+
+ \l{css3_text-overflow_css}{(CSS)}
+ \l{css3_text-overflow_js}{(JavaScript)}
+
+ Use the \c{text-overflow} property in conjunction with \c{overflow} and
+ \c{white-space}:
+
+ \code
+ text-overflow : ellipsis;
+ overflow : hidden;
+ white-space : nowrap;
+ \endcode
+
+ For \c{text-overflow} to work, the element's \c{white-space} must be set to
+ \c{nowrap}, overriding the default \c{normal} value. This prevents words
+ from wrapping onto another line as is standard behavior outside the \c{pre}
+ tag, and forces text past the right edge of the element.
+
+ (The element's \c{text-overflow} may specify both \c{ellipsis} and
+ \c{ellipsis-word}, the latter of which is not as widely implemented.)
+
+ \section2 Custom Scrollbars
+
+ In general, scrollable elements should be avoided wherever possible within
+ mobile interfaces. Drag gestures already allow users to scroll windows
+ vertically, and narrow mobile screens are not suitable for overly wide
+ content.
+
+ In cases where content can only be viewed within a scrolling window,
+ scrollbars can be reformatted to make them more accessible to mobile users.
+ The following example presents a block of code within a touch-enabled mobile
+ interface:
+
+ \l{css3_scroll}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_css3_scroll.png
+ }
+
+ \l{css3_scroll_css}{(CSS)}
+
+ This interface uses standard scrollbars, but their appearance is enhanced
+ using low-level \e{pseudo-element} CSS classes that refer to individual
+ components within the scrollbar.
+
+ Simply by invoking the following CSS selector, you disable scrollbars'
+ default appearance:
+
+ \code
+ pre::-webkit-scrollbar { height : 3em }
+ \endcode
+
+ In this case, the specified property increases the scrollbar's default
+ \c{height} to make it easier for mobile users to tap it with their fingers.
+
+ Each additional scrollbar component must then be explicitly defined,
+ otherwise it does not render. The following CSS provides custom styling for
+ the horizontal panning buttons:
+
+ \code
+ ::-webkit-scrollbar-button:increment {
+ background-image : url(img/arrow_right.png);
+ background-size : contain;
+ background-repeat : no-repeat;
+ width : 3em;
+ height : 3em;
+ }
+ ::-webkit-scrollbar-button:decrement {
+ background-image : url(img/arrow_left.png);
+ background-size : contain;
+ background-repeat : no-repeat;
+ width : 3em;
+ height : 3em;
+ }
+ \endcode
+
+ In this case, the scrollbar region between the two navigation icons is still
+ active, but not obviously so since its visual formatting has been
+ overridden. The simpler set of controls is far more suitable for a mobile
+ interface.
+
+ Webkit provides pseudo-elements for the following components:
+
+ \list
+ \o \c{scrollbar} refers to scrollbar as a whole. Additional dynamic classes
+ can be appended to specify \c{:vertical} and \c{:horizontal} scrollbars. The
+ \c{:corner-present} dynamic class activates when both scrollbars are
+ present.
+
+ \o \c{scrollbar-button} refers to incremental navigation buttons. Each
+ button can be styled separately with \c{:increment} and \c{:decrement}
+ dynamic classes.
+
+ \o \c{scrollbar-thumb} refers to the scrollbar's slider control.
+
+ \o \c{scrollbar-track} refers to the active navigation region between
+ buttons.
+
+ \o \c{scrollbar-track-piece} refers to each portion of the track on either
+ side of the thumb control. These can be styled separately using \c{:start}
+ and \c{:end} dynamic classes.
+
+ \o \c{scrollbar-corner} refers to the corner where scrollbar tracks meet.
+ The \c{resizer} pseudo-element also refers to this corner, but for resizable
+ elements such as \c{textarea}.
+
+ \o The \c{:double-button} and \c{:single-button} dynamic classes refer to
+ whether incrementor and decrementors are paired together redundantly at each
+ end of the track, while \c{:no-button} refers to whether they display at
+ all.
+ \endlist
+
+ \bold{See Also:}
+ \l{http://webkit.org/blog/363/styling-scrollbars/}{Surfin' Safari:
+ Styling Scrollbars}
+
+ \section2 Gradients
+
+ Gradients provide a graduated shading effect that can add subtle texture to
+ background elements, and can provide buttons a three-dimensional, beveled
+ appearance. Explicit support for gradients means there's no longer a need to
+ implement them as repeating background images.
+
+ Specify gradients using CSS properties such as the following:
+
+ \code
+ background: #aaaaaa;
+ background: -webkit-gradient(linear, center top, center bottom,
+ from(#dddddd), to(#777777) );
+ \endcode
+
+ Note the pair of \c{background} statements. The first specifies a monochrome
+ fallback color for browsers that do not support gradients.
+
+ The function specifies a simple \c{linear} gradient from the top to the
+ bottom of the element, shifting from a light to a darker gray.
+
+ The following example shows how this gradient can be applied to a background
+ element:
+
+ \l{css3_gradientBack}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_css3_gradientBack.png
+ }
+
+ \l{css3_gradientBack_css}{(CSS)}
+
+ Gradients cannot be applied to the \c{body} element. Instead, they are here
+ applied to an element that covers the background.
+
+ You can specify more than one gradient for the same element. The following
+ shifts from a dark to a light gray halfway down the element, then back to
+ dark:
+
+ \code
+ background: -webkit-gradient(linear, center top, center bottom,
+ from(#777777), color-stop(50%, #dddddd), to(#777777) );
+ \endcode
+
+ Here is how the additional \c{color-stop} appears when applied to the same
+ background element:
+
+ \l{css3_gradientBackStop}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_css3_gradientBackStop.png
+ }
+
+ \l{css3_gradientBackStop_css}{(CSS)}
+
+ Gradients can also provide a textured, three-dimensional appearance for
+ buttons. In the following example, the gradient is inverted and darkened
+ when each button is pressed:
+
+ \l{css3_gradientButton}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_css3_gradientButton.png
+ }
+
+ \l{css3_gradientButton_css}{(CSS)}
+
+ In addition to linear gradients, CSS3 also specifies \bold{radial} gradients
+ that emanate from a single point. The following example demonstrates a
+ colorful radial gradient used to mark where users touch the screen:
+
+ \l{css3_grad-radial}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_css3_grad-radial.png
+ }
+
+ \l{css3_grad-radial_css}{(CSS)}
+ \l{css3_grad-radial_js}{(JavaScript)}
+
+ The syntax is slightly different than for linear gradients. The first two
+ comma-separated arguments after the \c{radial} statement specify the
+ coordinates of the inner circle, and its radius. The next two arguments
+ specify the coordinates and radius of the outer circle:
+
+ \code
+ background: -webkit-gradient(radial, 90 120, 5, 100 130, 48,
+ from(#777777), color-stop(50%, #dddddd), to(#777777) );
+ \endcode
+
+ The use of \c{from}, \c{to} values and \c{color-stop} in radial gradients
+ are the same as for linear gradients.
+
+ \section2 Reflections
+
+ Reflections offer a mirror-like effect which, in the following example, adds
+ a sense of weight to headings and images:
+
+ \l{css3_reflect}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_css3_reflect.png
+ }
+
+ \l{css3_reflect_css}{(CSS)}
+
+ The property's syntax specifies the edge of the element at which to reflect,
+ the offset, and an overlay color. In this case, the color is a gradient,
+ which causes the reflection to gradually fade:
+
+ \code
+ -webkit-box-reflect : below -0.25em -webkit-gradient(linear, center
+ top, center bottom, from(transparent), color-stop(0.25,
+ transparent), to(black));
+ \endcode
+
+ \section2 Masks
+
+ Masks offer a way to modify an image by overlaying either another image, or
+ a gradient. The following example shows a series of thumbnail images that
+ appear faded at their bottom edge until selected:
+
+ \l{css3_mask-grad}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_css3_mask-grad.png
+ }
+
+ \l{css3_mask-grad_css}{(CSS)}
+ \l{css3_mask-grad_js}{(JavaScript)}
+
+ The gradient's opacity shifts from \c 1 to \c 0, an effect that translates
+ to the image:
+
+ \code
+ -webkit-mask-box-image : -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left
+ bottom, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)));
+ \endcode
+
+ The following example demonstrates an image used as a mask to frame another
+ image:
+
+ \l{css3_mask-img}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_css3_mask-img.png
+ }
+
+ \l{css3_mask-img_css}{(CSS)}
+
+ Separately, the component images look like these:
+
+ \inlineimage webkit-guide/mask0.png
+ \inlineimage webkit-guide/mask1.png
+
+
+ The syntax is the same for border images, and allows you to stretch one
+ image over the other:
+
+ \code
+ -webkit-mask-box-image : url(img/mask.png) 5% stretch;
+ \endcode
+
+\section1 Dynamic CSS
+
+Animations help enhance touch-based mobile interfaces in many ways. They help
+ease transitions from one display state to another that might otherwise appear
+jarring. They help provide a sense of navigational orientation. They also often
+simulate tactile feedback as users' touches result in a tangible visual effect.
+Overall, they add a sense of vibrancy that increases users' engagement with the
+content on display.
+
+Support by QtWebKit for HTML5 allows you to choose from among several flavors of
+web-based animation: Canvas, SVG, and Level 3 CSS. Web developers may also be
+familiar with lower-level JavaScript-based animation techniques, which form the
+basis of many popular JavaScript libraries such as jQuery and Prototype. This
+section focuses on CSS-based animations, since they are more appropriate to
+integrate throughout a web design, without the additional overhead JavaScript
+libraries require. Like Adobe Flash, SVG and Canvas offer more specialized,
+low-level graphics frameworks whose animation features are more appropriate for
+generating standalone effects.
+
+This section demonstrates animation techniques by offering a series of examples
+that apply to common mobile design tasks. While some of these tasks are
+addressed by existing JavaScript frameworks such as jQuery and Prototype, the
+examples provided here illustrate some CSS-only alternatives.
+
+ \section2 CSS Animation Concepts
+
+ Level 3 CSS introduces three distinct concepts that are relevant when
+ crafting dynamic effects, which are discussed in the following sections:
+
+ \list
+ \o \e{Transforms} offer a series of manipulations to screen elements. By
+ themselves, transforms present only static visual effects, but they become
+ especially useful as part of dynamic transitions and animations. Simple
+ transforms are two-dimensional, with three-dimensional transforms gaining
+ gradual support.
+
+ \o \e{Transitions} entail a graduated shift from one explicit display
+ state to another. Transitional shifts apply to any CSS property that
+ specifies numeric or color values.
+
+ \o \e{Animations} offer more complex sequences of transitions that can
+ specify many intermediate display states. Unlike simple transitions,
+ animations can also be initiated more freely.
+ \endlist
+
+ \section2 2D Transforms
+
+ Transforms allow you to freely displace box elements from where they would
+ ordinarily appear. Several transform functions are available, allowing you
+ to \e{scale}, \e{rotate}, \e{skew}, or \e{translate} (move) objects.
+
+ The \c{translate} function moves an element from its default location, and
+ accepts \c{x} and \c{y} measurements as arguments. The following moves an
+ element off the right edge of the screen:
+
+ \code
+ -webkit-transform: translate(120%, 0);
+ \endcode
+
+ Alternately, \c{translateX} and \c{translateY} functions allow you to
+ specify each axis independently. This moves the element off the top of the
+ screen:
+
+ \code
+ -webkit-transform: translateX(0.0) translateY(-120%);
+ \endcode
+
+ Scale transforms allow you enlarge or shrink an element, with the scale
+ expressed as a decimal. By itself, \c{scale} modifies height and width
+ proportionately, but the alternative \c{scaleX} and \c{scaleY} functions
+ allow you to constrain scaling to a single axis.
+
+ The following animation demonstrates a \c{translate} function, which moves
+ the element from off the screen, followed by series of \c{scale},
+ \c{scaleX}, and \c{scaleY} functions:
+
+ \l{anim_demo-scale}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_anim_demo-scale.png
+ }
+
+ \l{anim_demo-scale_css}{(CSS)}
+
+ By default, transforms originate from the center of the element, but you can
+ specify any edge using the \c{-webkit-transform-origin} property. The
+ following reduces an element to 75% of its original size, while keeping it
+ at its original bottom edge:
+
+ \code
+ -webkit-transform : scale(0.75);
+ -webkit-transform-origin : bottom;
+ \endcode
+
+ The following example uses this scale transform to shrink icons that are
+ assigned to in-line links, with icons aligning to the text's baseline:
+
+ \l{layout_link-fmt}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_layout_link-fmt.png
+ }
+
+ \l{layout_link-fmt_css}{(CSS)}
+
+ The \c{rotate} function accepts degree or radian arguments, with negative
+ arguments specifying counter-clockwise motion. The following animation
+ demonstrates two rotations: the first clockwise around the element's center
+ point, and the second counter-clockwise around the top left corner:
+
+ \l{anim_demo-rotate}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_anim_demo-rotate.png
+ }
+
+ \l{anim_demo-rotate_css}{(CSS)}
+
+ The \c{skew} function also accepts positive or negative degree arguments,
+ specifying the extent to which to modify the bottom left corner's 90-degree
+ angle. The \c{skew} and \c{skewX} functions shift the element horizontally,
+ but the alternative \c{skewY} function shifts the element vertically. The
+ following animation demonstrates a \c{skewX} followed by a \c{skewY}:
+
+ \l{anim_demo-skew}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_anim_demo-skew.png
+ }
+
+ \l{anim_demo-skew_css}{(CSS)}
+
+ In the following example, a variety of transforms make a set of three
+ navigational tab icons appear to be part of a cube:
+
+ \l{anim_tabbedSkew}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_anim_tabbedSkew.png
+ }
+
+ \l{anim_tabbedSkew_css}{(CSS)}
+
+ The example also implements the tab icons as internal links that activate
+ display of content using the \c{:target} dynamic class. See the
+ \l{Navigational Selectors} section for more information.
+
+ Note that transforms can include any combination of the functions described
+ above:
+
+ \code
+ nav > a:nth-of-type(3) {
+ background-image : url(img/S_google.jpg);
+ -webkit-transform : rotate(-60deg) skew(-30deg) translate(1.7em, 0em);
+ }
+ \endcode
+
+ \section2 Transitions
+
+ Transitions allow you to gradually shift from one defined CSS state to
+ another. Any CSS property expressed as a numeric or color value (including a
+ color name or hex value) can be transitioned between two style sheets.
+ Properties such as \c{display} that have discrete sets of named values, such
+ as the \c{display} property's \c{block} or \c{none} values, cannot be
+ transitioned. In cases where named values translate internally to numeric
+ values, such as the \c{border-width} property's \c{thin} and \c{thick}
+ values, they can be transitioned.
+
+ The following example shows a series of transitions from a collapsed icon
+ state to an expanded panel:
+
+ \l{anim_panel}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_anim_panel.png
+ }
+
+ \l{anim_panel_css}{(CSS)}
+ \l{anim_panel_js}{(JavaScript)}
+
+ Each style sheet specifies a different \c{max-width} value, and each
+ accompanying transition, defined separately for each state, allows the value
+ to shift over the course of half of a second:
+
+ \code
+ nav.expanded {
+ max-width : 95%;
+ -webkit-transition : max-width 0.5s ease-in-out;
+ }
+ nav.collapsed {
+ max-width : 10%;
+ -webkit-transition : max-width 0.5s ease-in-out;
+ }
+ \endcode
+
+ That shorthand syntax can be expanded to several different properties:
+
+ \code
+ nav.expanded {
+ max-width : 95%;
+ -webkit-transition-property : max-width;
+ -webkit-transition-duration : 0.5s;
+ -webkit-transition-timing-function : ease-in-out;
+ }
+ nav.collapsed {
+ max-width : 10%;
+ -webkit-transition-property : max-width;
+ -webkit-transition-duration : 0.5s;
+ -webkit-transition-timing-function : ease-in-out;
+ }
+ \endcode
+
+ Available transition functions include \c{linear}, \c{ease-in},
+ \c{ease-out}, \c{ease-in-out} and \c{cubic-bezier}.
+
+ Note that the \c{max-width} properties in both style sheets both use
+ percentages to specify measurements. Transitions may not work properly if
+ you shift from one unit to another.
+
+ The example above specifies an additional set of transitions affecting the
+ icons nested within the navigation panel:
+
+ \code
+ nav.expanded > .option {
+ opacity : 1;
+ -webkit-transform : scale(1.0);
+ -webkit-transition : all 0.5s linear;
+ }
+ nav.collapsed > .option {
+ opacity : 0;
+ -webkit-transform : scale(0.0);
+ -webkit-transition : all 0.5s linear;
+ }
+ \endcode
+
+ The shifting \c{scale} transform makes icons appear to zoom in to fill the
+ space, while \c{opacity} makes them fade in. Specifying \c{all} as the
+ transition property applies to any valid property that differs between the
+ two states.
+
+ These nested transitions execute at the same time as those assigned to the
+ parent \c{nav} element. The combined effect appears to be a single
+ transition.
+
+ \section2 Transitional Sequences
+
+ The prior example showed a single transition, but transitions can also be
+ run in sequence to form more complex animations. The following example
+ demonstrates an embedded navigation panel that, when pressed, expands
+ horizontally, then vertically to reveal numerous navigation options:
+
+ \l{anim_accord}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_anim_accord.png
+ }
+
+ \l{anim_accord_css}{(CSS)}
+ \l{anim_accord_js}{(JavaScript)}
+
+ The style sheets specify separate, comma-separated transitions for \c{width}
+ and \c{height} properties:
+
+ \code
+ #accordion.expanded {
+ width: 80%;
+ height: 90%;
+ -webkit-transition:
+ width 0.5s ease-in-out 0.0s,
+ height 0.5s ease-in-out 0.5s
+ ;
+ }
+ #accordion.collapsed {
+ width: 10%;
+ height: 7%;
+ -webkit-transition:
+ height 0.5s ease-in-out 0.0s,
+ width 0.5s ease-in-out 0.5s
+ ;
+ }
+ \endcode
+
+ Each transition's additional time measurement specifies a delay. The
+ long-form syntax may make this clearer:
+
+ \code
+ #accordion.expanded {
+ width: 80%;
+ height: 90%;
+ -webkit-transition-property : width , height;
+ -webkit-transition-duration : 0.5s , 0.5s;
+ -webkit-transition-timing-function : ease-in-out , ease-in-out;
+ -webkit-transition-delay : 0.0s , 0.5s;
+ }
+ #accordion.collapsed {
+ width : 10%;
+ height : 7%;
+ -webkit-transition-property : height , width;
+ -webkit-transition-duration : 0.5s , 0.5s;
+ -webkit-transition-timing-function : ease-in-out , ease-in-out;
+ -webkit-transition-delay : 0.0s , 0.5s;
+ }
+ \endcode
+
+ The shift to the \c{expanded} state involves two transitions, each of which
+ lasts half a second and relies on the same \c{ease-in-out} function. The
+ first takes place immediately and affects the \c{width} property. The
+ second, affecting the \c{height} property, takes place after a delay that
+ matches the first transition's duration. The reverse transition is much the
+ same, only the \c{height} property transitions before the \c{width} to
+ reverse the effect.
+
+ In addition to the navigation element's sequence of transitions, nested
+ accordion-style animations activate when users expand top-level headings.
+ Subheadings are revealed using a \c{scaleY} transform, which makes them
+ appear as if they are flipping upwards.
+
+ The following example shows a photo gallery interface that uses the same
+ techniques. (Size the window to emulate a smaller mobile screen.)
+
+ \l{anim_gallery}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_anim_gallery.png
+ }
+
+ \l{anim_gallery_css}{(CSS)}
+ \l{anim_gallery_js}{(JavaScript)}
+
+ The main interface uses simple transitions affecting \c{opacity}, along with
+ \c{scale} and \c{translate} transforms, which combined make queued images
+ appear dimmer, smaller, and horizontally offset from the main image.
+
+ A separate sequence of transitions activates when users tap selected images.
+ The first transition uses a \c{scaleX} transform to flip the image towards
+ the center. The second then flips out a panel featuring details on the
+ photo. When users navigate away to adjacent photos, the panel automatically
+ flips back to its original state as it is moved to the side.
+
+ Another example shows an interface featuring a simple list of items:
+
+ \l{anim_skew}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_anim_skew.png
+ }
+
+ \l{anim_skew_css}{(CSS)}
+ \l{anim_skew_js}{(JavaScript)}
+
+ When dismissed, items are wiped off the screen using a \c{skew} transform
+ that provides the illusion of speed. Remaining items move upwards to fill
+ the space vacated by items that have been removed.
+
+ This example uses the same technique of sequential transitions. The first
+ transition applies to the combined \c{translate}/\c{skew} transform. The
+ second, delayed transition modifies the \c{top} property to align remaining
+ items to a grid.
+
+ Note that for items to reposition themselves in this example, a vertical
+ grid must be explicitly specified. You can only apply transitions between
+ properties you explicitly define and activate, not between values the
+ browser assigns internally to automatically position elements relative to
+ each other.
+
+ \section2 Keyframe Animations
+
+ The previous section showed how you can chain sequences of transitions to
+ produce complex effects. Animations also allow you to define many
+ intermediary interface states, but using a far simpler syntax, and not
+ assigned to transitions between CSS states.
+
+ The following example shows a simple animation of icons that pulse when
+ selected:
+
+ \l{anim_pulse}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_anim_pulse.png
+ }
+
+ \l{anim_pulse_css}{(CSS)}
+
+ It uses the following CSS, shown here in both abbreviated and long form:
+
+ \code
+ nav > a:target { -webkit-animation : pulse 1s infinite; }
+
+ nav > a:target {
+ -webkit-animation-name : pulse;
+ -webkit-animation-duration : 1s;
+ -webkit-animation-iteration-count : infinite;
+ }
+ \endcode
+
+ You supply a \c{name} for the animation that corresponds to a
+ \c{keyframes} rule defined separately within your CSS:
+
+ \code
+ @-webkit-keyframes pulse {
+ 0% { opacity : 1.0 }
+ 50% { opacity : 0.7 }
+ }
+ \endcode
+
+ Percentages mark new animation states within the course of the animation,
+ and behave much like CSS selectors. In this case, the animation shifts
+ between two separate states over the course of a second: opaque and slightly
+ dimmed. With its \c{iteration-count} set to \c{infinite} rather than a set
+ number, the animation only stops when the link is no longer selected.
+
+ The following example demonstrates a popular mobile design pattern
+ implemented with CSS. Navigation to nested subheads appears to wipe to the
+ right, while navigating upwards in the hierarchy appears to wipe to the
+ left:
+
+ \l{anim_slide1}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_anim_slide1.png
+ }
+
+ \l{anim_slide_css}{(CSS)}
+
+ It relies on keyframes rules such as the following, which define a simple
+ start and end state:
+
+ \code
+ @-webkit-keyframes slide_in {
+ from {
+ left : 80%;
+ right : -80%;
+ }
+ to {
+ left : 0em;
+ right : 0em;
+ }
+ }
+ \endcode
+
+ Unlike a transition, the animation is triggered immediately when the page
+ loads, but only if the target of navigation is an anchor whose ID is
+ \c{in} or \c{out}. If you navigate to the page itself, no animation
+ occurs.
+
+ The following example uses a keyframe animation to scroll through banner
+ options at the top of the screen:
+
+ \l{css3_multicol}{\inlineimage webkit-guide/scr_css3_multicol.png
+ }
+
+ \l{css3_multicol_css}{(CSS)}
+
+ The animation defines a set of rapid shifts alternating with long static
+ phases. It modifies the left offset of an element that is five times the
+ width of the window.
+
+ \code
+ @-webkit-keyframes banner_scroll {
+ 0% { left : 0%; }
+ 18% { left : 0%; }
+ 20% { left : -100%; }
+ 38% { left : -100%; }
+ 40% { left : -200%; }
+ 58% { left : -200%; }
+ 60% { left : -300%; }
+ 78% { left : -300%; }
+ 80% { left : -400%; }
+ 95% { left : -400%; }
+ 100% { left : 0%; }
+ }
+ \endcode
+
+ Finally, the demonstrations of \l{anim_demo-rotate}{rotate},
+ \l{anim_demo-scale}{scale}, and \l{anim_demo-skew}{skew} 2D transforms that
+ opened this section all rely on separate keyframe animations to slide in and
+ manipulate a series of panels. Separate \c{-webkit-animation-delay} settings
+ for each panel control the sequence of each presentation.
+
+
+\list
+\o \l{QtWebKit Guide} -back to the main page
+\endlist
+*/
+
+/*!
+\example webkit/webkit-guide
+\title QtWebKit Guide Files
+This is a listing of \l{QtWebKit Guide} code.
+\note The links to the HTML5 code is found within the guide.
+*/
+
diff --git a/doc/src/webkit/guide/guidelinks.qdoc b/doc/src/webkit/guide/guidelinks.qdoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4f7f98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/webkit/guide/guidelinks.qdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,488 @@
+/****************************************************************************
+**
+** Copyright (C) 2011 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies).
+** All rights reserved.
+** Contact: Nokia Corporation (qt-info@nokia.com)
+**
+** This file is part of the Qt WebKit module of the Qt Toolkit.
+**
+** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:BSD$
+** You may use this file under the terms of the BSD license as follows:
+**
+** "Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+** modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+** met:
+** * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+** notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+** * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+** notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+** the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+** distribution.
+** * Neither the name of Nokia Corporation and its Subsidiary(-ies) nor
+** the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote
+** products derived from this software without specific prior written
+** permission.
+**
+** THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+** "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+** LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+** A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+** OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+** SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+** LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+** DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+** THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+** (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+** OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE."
+** $QT_END_LICENSE$
+**
+****************************************************************************/
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/storage.htm
+\title ex_storage
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-storage-css.html
+\title storage_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-js-storage-js.html
+\title storage_js
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/anim_accord.htm
+\title anim_accord
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/anim_demo-rotate.htm
+\title anim_demo-rotate
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/anim_demo-scale.htm
+\title anim_demo-scale
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/anim_demo-skew.htm
+\title anim_demo-skew
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/anim_gallery.htm
+\title anim_gallery
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/anim_panel.htm
+\title anim_panel
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/anim_pulse.htm
+\title anim_pulse
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/anim_skew.htm
+\title anim_skew
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/anim_slide1.htm
+\title anim_slide1
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/anim_tabbedSkew.htm
+\title anim_tabbedSkew
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/css3_backgrounds.htm
+\title css3_backgrounds
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/css3_border-img.htm
+\title css3_border-img
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/css3_grad-radial.htm
+\title css3_grad-radial
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/css3_gradientBack.htm
+\title css3_gradientBack
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/css3_gradientBackStop.htm
+\title css3_gradientBackStop
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/css3_gradientButton.htm
+\title css3_gradientButton
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/css3_mask-grad.htm
+\title css3_mask-grad
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/css3_mask-img.htm
+\title css3_mask-img
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/css3_multicol.htm
+\title css3_multicol
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/css3_reflect.htm
+\title css3_reflect
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/css3_scroll.htm
+\title css3_scroll
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/css3_sel-nth.htm
+\title css3_sel-nth
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/css3_text-overflow.htm
+\title css3_text-overflow
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/css3_text-shadow.htm
+\title css3_text-shadow
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/css3_text-stroke.htm
+\title css3_text-stroke
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/form_tapper.htm
+\title form_tapper
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/form_toggler.htm
+\title form_toggler
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/layout_link-fmt.htm
+\title layout_link-fmt
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/layout_tbl-keyhole.htm
+\title layout_tbl-keyhole
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/mob_condjs.htm
+\title mob_condjs
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/mob_layout.htm
+\title mob_layout
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/mob_mediaquery.htm
+\title mob_mediaquery
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-anim-accord-css.html
+\title anim_accord_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage wwebkit-webkit-guide-js-anim-accord-js.html
+\title anim_accord_js
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-anim-demo-rotate-css.html
+\title anim_demo-rotate_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-anim-demo-scale-css.html
+\title anim_demo-scale_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-anim-demo-skew-css.html
+\title anim_demo-skew_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-anim-gallery-css.html
+\title anim_gallery_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-js-anim-gallery-js.html
+\title anim_gallery_js
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-anim-panel-css.html
+\title anim_panel_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-js-anim-panel-js.html
+\title anim_panel_js
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-anim-pulse-css.html
+\title anim_pulse_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-anim-skew-css.html
+\title anim_skew_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-js-anim-skew-js.html
+\title anim_skew_js
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-anim-slide-css.html
+\title anim_slide_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-anim-tabbedskew-css.html
+\title anim_tabbedSkew_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-form-tapper-css.html
+\title form_tapper_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-form-toggler-css.html
+\title form_toggler_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-layout-link-fmt-css.html
+\title layout_link-fmt_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-layout-tbl-keyhole-css.html
+\title layout_tbl-keyhole_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-css3-backgrounds-css.html
+\title css3_backgrounds_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-js-css3-backgrounds-js.html
+\title css3_backgrounds_js
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-css3-border-img-css.html
+\title css3_border-img_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-css3-grad-radial-css.html
+\title css3_grad-radial_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-js-css3-grad-radial-js.html
+\title css3_grad-radial_js
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-css3-gradientback-css.html
+\title css3_gradientBack_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-css3-gradientbackstop-css.html
+\title css3_gradientBackStop_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-css3-gradientbutton-css.html
+\title css3_gradientButton_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/css/webkit-webkit-guide-css-css3-mask-grad-css.html
+\title css3_mask-grad_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-guide/js/webkit-webkit-guide-js-css3-mask-grad-js.html
+\title css3_mask-grad_js
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-css3-mask-img-css.html
+\title css3_mask-img_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-css3-multicol-css.html
+\title css3_multicol_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-css3-reflect-css.html
+\title css3_reflect_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-css3-scroll-css.html
+\title css3_scroll_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-css3-sel-nth-css.html
+\title css3_sel-nth_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-css3-text-overflow-css.html
+\title css3_text-overflow_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-js-css3-text-overflow-js.html
+\title css3_text-overflow_js
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-css3-text-shadow-css.html
+\title css3_text-shadow_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-css3-text-stroke-css.html
+\title css3_text-stroke_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-mob-condjs-css.html
+\title mob_condjs_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-js-mob-condjs-js.html
+\title mob_condjs_js
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-mqlayout-desktop-css.html
+\title mqlayout_desktop_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-mqlayout-touch-css.html
+\title mqlayout_touch_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-mqlayout-mobile-css.html
+\title mqlayout_mobile_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-mq-desktop-css.html
+\title mq_desktop_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-mq-touch-css.html
+\title mq_touch_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-mq-mobile-css.html
+\title mq_mobile_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage webkit-webkit-guide-css-mob-mediaquery-css.html
+\title mob_mediaquery_css
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage http://deviceatlas.com/
+\title DeviceAtlas
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage http://wurfl.sourceforge.net/
+\title WURFL
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-api/
+\title Selectors API
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage http://dev.w3.org/html5/webstorage/
+\title HTML5 Web Storage
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage http://html5doctor.com/introducing-web-sql-databases
+\title HTML5 Doctor: Introducing Web SQL Databases
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage http://dev.w3.org/html5/canvas-api/canvas-2d-api.html
+\title HTML5 Canvas API
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage http://www.w3schools.com/css/css_colors.asp
+\title CSS Color Value
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/CR-css3-color-20030514/#numerical
+\title CSS3 Color Module specification
+*/
+
+/*!
+\externalpage http://www.canvasdemos.com/2009/10/09/html-5-canvas-animation
+\title CanvasDemos.com: animated cartoon
+*/