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authorKent Hansen <khansen@trolltech.com>2009-08-10 08:33:34 (GMT)
committerKent Hansen <khansen@trolltech.com>2009-08-10 08:33:34 (GMT)
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tree9acb7897440aec8eec7e926cb160c59a8fed78d2 /doc/src
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parent7aa2d76dfc4a107f38c5cb0aac00a0b31d0fbbb6 (diff)
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Merge branch 'master' of git@scm.dev.nokia.troll.no:qt/qt into qtscript-jsc-backend
Conflicts: src/script/api/qscriptable.cpp src/script/api/qscriptable_p.h src/script/qscriptclassdata.cpp
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diff --git a/doc/src/examples.qdoc b/doc/src/examples.qdoc
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@@ -330,6 +330,7 @@
\o \l{statemachine/eventtransitions}{Event Transitions}\raisedaster
\o \l{statemachine/factorial}{Factorial States}\raisedaster
\o \l{statemachine/pingpong}{Ping Pong States}\raisedaster
+ \o \l{statemachine/rogue}{Rogue}\raisedaster
\o \l{statemachine/trafficlight}{Traffic Light}\raisedaster
\o \l{statemachine/twowaybutton}{Two-way Button}\raisedaster
\endlist
diff --git a/doc/src/examples/rogue.qdoc b/doc/src/examples/rogue.qdoc
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+/****************************************************************************
+**
+** Copyright (C) 2009 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies).
+** Contact: Nokia Corporation (qt-info@nokia.com)
+**
+** This file is part of the documentation of the Qt Toolkit.
+**
+** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:LGPL$
+** No Commercial Usage
+** This file contains pre-release code and may not be distributed.
+** You may use this file in accordance with the terms and conditions
+** contained in the either Technology Preview License Agreement or the
+** Beta Release License Agreement.
+**
+** GNU Lesser General Public License Usage
+** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Lesser
+** General Public License version 2.1 as published by the Free Software
+** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.LGPL included in the
+** packaging of this file. Please review the following information to
+** ensure the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1 requirements
+** will be met: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.1.html.
+**
+** In addition, as a special exception, Nokia gives you certain
+** additional rights. These rights are described in the Nokia Qt LGPL
+** Exception version 1.0, included in the file LGPL_EXCEPTION.txt in this
+** package.
+**
+** GNU General Public License Usage
+** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU
+** General Public License version 3.0 as published by the Free Software
+** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.GPL included in the
+** packaging of this file. Please review the following information to
+** ensure the GNU General Public License version 3.0 requirements will be
+** met: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html.
+**
+** If you are unsure which license is appropriate for your use, please
+** contact the sales department at http://www.qtsoftware.com/contact.
+** $QT_END_LICENSE$
+**
+****************************************************************************/
+
+/*!
+ \example statemachine/rogue
+ \title Rogue Example
+
+ The Rogue example shows how to use the Qt state machine for event
+ handling.
+
+ \image rogue-example.png
+
+ This example implements a simple text based game. Do you see the
+ \c{@} in the screenshot? That's you, the rogue. The \c{#}
+ characters are walls, and the dots represent floor. In a real
+ game, other ASCII characters would represent all kinds of objects
+ and creatures. For instance, ancient dragons (\c{D}'s) or food
+ rations (\c{%}'s). But let's not get carried away. In this game,
+ the rogue is simply running around in an empty room.
+
+ The rogue is moved with the keypad (2, 4, 8, 6). That aside, we
+ have implemented a \c quit command that triggers if the player
+ types \c {q}. The player is then asked if he/she really wants to
+ quit.
+
+ Most games have commands that need more than one key press and
+ that may require a different sequence of keys based on questions
+ asked the user. In this game, only the \c quit command falls under
+ this category, but for the sake of argument, let's imagine a
+ fully-fledged game with a rich set of commands. If we were to
+ implement these by catching key events in
+ \l{QWidget::}{keyPressEvent()}, we would have to keep a lot of
+ class member variables to track the sequence of keys already typed
+ (or find some other way of deducing the current state of a
+ command). This can easily lead to spaghetti, which is--as we all
+ well know, I'm sure--unpleasant. With a state machine, on the
+ other hand, separate states can wait for a single key press, and
+ that makes our lives a lot simpler.
+
+ The example consists of two classes:
+
+ \list
+ \o \c Window draws the text display of the game and sets
+ up the state machine. The window also has a status bar
+ above the area in which the rouge moves.
+ \o \c MovementTransition is a transition that carries out
+ a single move of the rogue.
+ \endlist
+
+ Before we embark on a code walkthrough, it is necessary to take a
+ closer look at the design of the machine. Here is a state chart
+ that shows what we want to achieve:
+
+ \image rogue-statechart.png
+
+ The input state waits for a key press to start a new command.
+ When receiving a key it recognizes, it transitions to one of the
+ two commands of the game; though, as we will see, movement is
+ handled by the transition itself. The quit state waits for the
+ player to answer yes or no (by typing \c y or \c n) when asked
+ whether he/she really wants to quit the game.
+
+ The chart demonstrates how we use one state to wait for a single
+ key press. The press received may trigger one of the transitions
+ connected to the state.
+
+ \section1 Window Class Definition
+
+ The \c Window class is a widget that draws the text display of the
+ game. It also sets up the state machine, i.e., creates and
+ connects the states in the machine. It is the key events from this
+ widget that are used by the machine.
+
+ \snippet examples/statemachine/rogue/window.h 0
+
+ \c Direction specifies the direction in which the rogue is to
+ move. We use this in \c movePlayer(), which moves the rogue and
+ repaints the window. The game has a status line above the area in
+ which the rogue moves. The \c status property contains the text of
+ this line. We use a property because the QState class allows
+ setting any Qt \l{Qt's Property System}{property} when entered.
+ More on this later.
+
+ \snippet examples/statemachine/rogue/window.h 1
+
+ The \c map is an array with the characters that are currently
+ displayed. We set up the array in \c setupMap(), and update it
+ when the rogue is moved. \c pX and \c pY is the current position
+ of the rogue. \c WIDTH and \c HEIGHT are macros specifying the
+ dimensions of the map.
+
+ The \c paintEvent() function is left out of this walkthrough. We
+ also do not discuss other code that does not concern the state
+ machine (the \c setupMap(), \c status(), \c setStatus(), \c
+ movePlayer(), and \c sizeHint() functions). If you wish to take a
+ look at the code, click on the link for the \c window.cpp file at
+ the top of this page.
+
+ \section1 Window Class Implementation
+
+ Here is the constructor of \c Window:
+
+ \snippet examples/statemachine/rogue/window.cpp 0
+ \dots
+ \snippet examples/statemachine/rogue/window.cpp 1
+
+ The player starts off at position (5, 5). We then set up the map
+ and statemachine. Let's proceed with the \c buildMachine()
+ function:
+
+ \snippet examples/statemachine/rogue/window.cpp 2
+
+ We enter \c inputState when the machine is started and from the \c
+ quitState if the user wants to continue playing. We then set the
+ status to a helpful reminder of how to play the game.
+
+ First, the \c Movement transition is added to the input state.
+ This will enable the rogue to be moved with the keypad. Notice
+ that we don't set a target state for the movement transition. This
+ will cause the transition to be triggered (and the
+ \l{QAbstractTransition::}{onTransition()} function to be invoked),
+ but the machine will not leave the \c inputState. If we had set \c
+ inputState as the target state, we would first have left and then
+ entered the \c inputState again.
+
+ \snippet examples/statemachine/rogue/window.cpp 3
+
+ When we enter \c quitState, we update the status bar of the
+ window.
+
+ \c QKeyEventTransition is a utility class that removes the hassle
+ of implementing transitions for \l{QKeyEvent}s. We simply need to
+ specify the key on which the transition should trigger and the
+ target state of the transition.
+
+ \snippet examples/statemachine/rogue/window.cpp 4
+
+ The transition from \c inputState allows triggering the quit state
+ when the player types \c {q}.
+
+ \snippet examples/statemachine/rogue/window.cpp 5
+
+ The machine is set up, so it's time to start it.
+
+ \section1 The MovementTransition Class
+
+ \c MovementTransition is triggered when the player request the
+ rogue to be moved (by typing 2, 4, 6, or 8) when the machine is in
+ the \c inputState.
+
+ \snippet examples/statemachine/rogue/movementtransition.h 0
+
+ In the constructor, we tell QEventTransition to only send
+ \l{QEvent::}{KeyPress} events to the
+ \l{QAbstractTransition::}{eventTest()} function:
+
+ \snippet examples/statemachine/rogue/movementtransition.h 1
+
+ The KeyPress events come wrapped in \l{QWrappedEvent}s. \c event
+ must be confirmed to be a wrapped event because Qt uses other
+ events internally. After that, it is simply a matter of checking
+ which key has been pressed.
+
+ Let's move on to the \c onTransition() function:
+
+ \snippet examples/statemachine/rogue/movementtransition.h 2
+
+ When \c onTransition() is invoked, we know that we have a
+ \l{QEvent::}{KeyPress} event with 2, 4, 6, or 8, i.e., the event
+ is already unwrapped.
+
+ \section1 The Roguelike Tradition
+
+ You might have been wondering why the game features a rogue. Well,
+ these kinds of text based dungeon exploration games date back to a
+ game called, yes, "Rogue". Although outflanked by the technology
+ of modern 3D computer games, roguelikes have a solid community of
+ hard-core, devoted followers.
+
+ Playing these games can be surprisingly addictive (despite the
+ lack of graphics). Angband, the perhaps most well-known rougelike,
+ is found here: \l{http://rephial.org/}.
+*/
+
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