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author | Miikka Heikkinen <miikka.heikkinen@digia.com> | 2009-06-12 08:29:29 (GMT) |
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committer | Miikka Heikkinen <miikka.heikkinen@digia.com> | 2009-06-12 08:29:29 (GMT) |
commit | af26ef4356cf2bf8ccbcb391b488ddf301dbb2fe (patch) | |
tree | 0656dec3fdf12abbf37a48d65f0adb01d54bbb59 /doc | |
parent | bccd5442f24ce18e08ec5a5e78ccc6566f4e0463 (diff) | |
parent | 53cfa304345df1cd7b7686a2ebc1acd74a886886 (diff) | |
download | Qt-af26ef4356cf2bf8ccbcb391b488ddf301dbb2fe.zip Qt-af26ef4356cf2bf8ccbcb391b488ddf301dbb2fe.tar.gz Qt-af26ef4356cf2bf8ccbcb391b488ddf301dbb2fe.tar.bz2 |
Merge branch 'master' of git@scm.dev.troll.no:qt/qt-s60-public
Conflicts:
src/network/ssl/ssl.pri
Diffstat (limited to 'doc')
-rw-r--r-- | doc/src/exceptionsafety.qdoc | 144 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | doc/src/platform-notes.qdoc | 13 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | doc/src/symbian-exceptionsafety.qdoc | 184 |
3 files changed, 341 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/doc/src/exceptionsafety.qdoc b/doc/src/exceptionsafety.qdoc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e3e89e --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/src/exceptionsafety.qdoc @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ +/**************************************************************************** +** +** Copyright (C) 2009 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies). +** Contact: Qt Software Information (qt-info@nokia.com) +** +** This file is part of the documentation of the Qt Toolkit. +** +** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:LGPL$ +** No Commercial Usage +** This file contains pre-release code and may not be distributed. +** You may use this file in accordance with the terms and conditions +** contained in the either Technology Preview License Agreement or the +** Beta Release License Agreement. +** +** GNU Lesser General Public License Usage +** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Lesser +** General Public License version 2.1 as published by the Free Software +** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.LGPL included in the +** packaging of this file. Please review the following information to +** ensure the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1 requirements +** will be met: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.1.html. +** +** In addition, as a special exception, Nokia gives you certain +** additional rights. These rights are described in the Nokia Qt LGPL +** Exception version 1.0, included in the file LGPL_EXCEPTION.txt in this +** package. +** +** GNU General Public License Usage +** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU +** General Public License version 3.0 as published by the Free Software +** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.GPL included in the +** packaging of this file. Please review the following information to +** ensure the GNU General Public License version 3.0 requirements will be +** met: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html. +** +** If you are unsure which license is appropriate for your use, please +** contact the sales department at qt-sales@nokia.com. +** $QT_END_LICENSE$ +** +****************************************************************************/ + +/*! + \page exceptionsafety.html + \title Exception Safety + \ingroup architecture + \brief A guide to exception safety in Qt. + + \bold {Preliminary warning}: Exception safety is not feature complete! + Common cases should work, but classes might still leak or even crash. + + Qt itself will not throw exceptions. Instead, error codes are used. + In addition, some classes have user visible error messages, for example + \l QIODevice::errorString() or \l QSqlQuery::lastError(). + This has historical and practical reasons - turning on exceptions + can increase the library size by over 20%. + + The following sections describe Qt's behavior if exception support is + enabled at compile time. + + \tableofcontents + + \section1 Exception safe modules + + \section2 Containers + + Qt's \l{container classes} are generally exception neutral. They pass any + exception that happens within their contained type \c T to the user + while keeping their internal state valid. + + Example: + + \code + QList<QString> list; + ... + try { + list.append("hello"); + } catch (...) { + } + // list is safe to use - the exception did not affect it. + \endcode + + Exceptions to that rule are containers for types that can throw during assignment + or copy constructions. For those types, functions that modify the container as well as + returning a value, are unsafe to use: + + \code + MyType s = list.takeAt(2); + \endcode + + If an exception occurs during the assignment of \c s, the value at index 2 is already + removed from the container, but hasn't been assigned to \c s yet. It is lost + without chance of recovery. + + The correct way to write it: + + \code + MyType s = list.at(2); + list.removeAt(2); + \endcode + + If the assignment throws, the container still contains the value, no data loss occured. + + Note that implicitly shared Qt classes will not throw in their assignment + operators or copy constructors, so the limitation above does not apply. + + \section1 Out of memory handling + + Most desktop operating systems overcommit memory. This means that \c malloc() + or \c{operator new} return a valid pointer, even though there is not enough + memory available at allocation time. On such systems, no exception of type + \c std::bad_alloc is thrown. + + On all other operating systems, Qt will throw an exception of type std::bad_alloc + if any allocation fails. Allocations can fail if the system runs out of memory or + doesn't have enough continuous memory to allocate the requested size. + + Exceptions to that rule are documented. As an example, \l QImage::create() + returns false if not enough memory exists instead of throwing an exception. + + \section1 Recovering from exceptions + + Currently, the only supported use case for recovering from exceptions thrown + within Qt (for example due to out of memory) is to exit the event loop and do + some cleanup before exiting the application. + + Typical use case: + + \code + QApplication app(argc, argv); + ... + try { + app.exec(); + } catch (const std::bad_alloc &) { + // clean up here, e.g. save the session + // and close all config files. + + return 0; // exit the application + } + \endcode + + After an exception is thrown, the connection to the windowing server + might already be closed. It is not safe to call a GUI related function + after catching an exception. +*/ diff --git a/doc/src/platform-notes.qdoc b/doc/src/platform-notes.qdoc index c8046c4..63b721a 100644 --- a/doc/src/platform-notes.qdoc +++ b/doc/src/platform-notes.qdoc @@ -512,6 +512,19 @@ */ /*! + \page platform-notes-symbian.html + \title Platform Notes - Symbian + \contentspage Platform Notes + + This page contains information about the Symbian platforms Qt is currently known + to run on. More information about the combinations of platforms and compilers + supported by Qt can be found on the \l{Supported Platforms} page. + + For information about mixing exceptions with symbian leaves, + see \l QSymbianLeaveException. +*/ + +/*! \page platform-notes-embedded-linux.html \title Platform Notes - Embedded Linux \contentspage Platform Notes diff --git a/doc/src/symbian-exceptionsafety.qdoc b/doc/src/symbian-exceptionsafety.qdoc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..212f707 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/src/symbian-exceptionsafety.qdoc @@ -0,0 +1,184 @@ +/**************************************************************************** +** +** Copyright (C) 2009 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies). +** Contact: Qt Software Information (qt-info@nokia.com) +** +** This file is part of the documentation of the Qt Toolkit. +** +** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:LGPL$ +** No Commercial Usage +** This file contains pre-release code and may not be distributed. +** You may use this file in accordance with the terms and conditions +** contained in the either Technology Preview License Agreement or the +** Beta Release License Agreement. +** +** GNU Lesser General Public License Usage +** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Lesser +** General Public License version 2.1 as published by the Free Software +** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.LGPL included in the +** packaging of this file. Please review the following information to +** ensure the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1 requirements +** will be met: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.1.html. +** +** In addition, as a special exception, Nokia gives you certain +** additional rights. These rights are described in the Nokia Qt LGPL +** Exception version 1.0, included in the file LGPL_EXCEPTION.txt in this +** package. +** +** GNU General Public License Usage +** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU +** General Public License version 3.0 as published by the Free Software +** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.GPL included in the +** packaging of this file. Please review the following information to +** ensure the GNU General Public License version 3.0 requirements will be +** met: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html. +** +** If you are unsure which license is appropriate for your use, please +** contact the sales department at qt-sales@nokia.com. +** $QT_END_LICENSE$ +** +****************************************************************************/ + +/*! + \page symbianexceptionsafety.html + \title Exception Safety with Symbian + \ingroup qts60 + \brief A guide to integrating exception safety in Qt with Symbian. + + The following sections describe how Qt code can interoperate with Symbian's + exception safety system. + + \tableofcontents + + \section1 What the problem is + + Qt and Symbian have different exception systems. Qt works with standard C++ + exceptions, whereas Symbian has its TRAP/Leave/CleanupStack system. So, what would + happen if + you mix the two systems? It could go wrong in a number of ways. + + Cleanup ordering would be different between the two. When Symbian code + leaves, the cleanup stack is cleaned up before anything else happens. After + that, the objects on the call stack would be cleaned up as with a normal + exception. So if there are any dependencies between stack based and cleanup stack + owned objects, there could be problems due to this ordering. + + Symbian's \c XLeaveException, which is used when Symbian implements leaves as + exceptions, is not derived from \c std::exception, so would not be caught in + Qt catch statements designed to catch \c std::exception. + + Qt's and standard C++'s \c std::exception derived exceptions result in program + termination if they fall back to a Symbian TRAP. + + These problems can be solved with barrier macros and helper functions that + will translate between the two exception systems. Use them, in Qt code, + whenever calling into or being called from Symbian code. + + \section1 Qt calls to Symbian + + When calling Symbian leaving functions from Qt code, we want to translate + Symbian leaves to standard C++ exceptions. The following help is provided: + + \list + \o \l qt_translateSymbianErrorToException(int error) takes a Symbian + error code and throws an appropriate exception to represent it. + This will do nothing if the error code is not in fact an error. The + function is equivalent to Symbian's \c User::LeaveIfError. + \o \l QT_TRANSLATE_SYMBIAN_LEAVE_TO_EXCEPTION(f) takes a Symbian leaving + code fragment f and runs it under a trap harness converting any resulting + error into an exception. + \o \c TRAP and \c TRAPD from the Symbian libraries can be used to convert + leaves to error codes. + \endlist + + \code + HBufC* buf=0; + // this will throw a std::bad_alloc because we've asked for too much memory + QT_TRANSLATE_SYMBIAN_LEAVE_TO_EXCEPTION(buf = HBufC::NewL(100000000)); + + _LIT(KStr,"abc"); + TInt pos = KStr().Locate('c'); + // pos is a good value, >= 0, so no exception is thrown + qt_translateSymbianErrorToException(pos); + + pos = KStr().Locate('d'); + // pos == KErrNotFound, so this throws an exception + qt_translateSymbianErrorToException(pos); + \endcode + + \section1 Qt called from Symbian + + When Qt code is called from Symbian, we want to translate standard C++ + exceptions to Symbian leaves or error codes. The following help is + provided: + + \list + \o \l qt_translateExceptionToSymbianError(const std::exception& ex) - + this takes a standard exception and gives an appropriate Symbian + error code. If no mapping is known for the exception type, + \c KErrGeneral is returned. + \o \l qt_translateExceptionToSymbianErrorL(const std::exception& ex) - + this takes a standard exception and generates an appropriate Symbian + leave. + \o \l QT_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION_TO_SYMBIAN_ERROR(err, f) - this macro + takes the standard C++ code fragment \c f, catches any std::exceptions + thrown from it, and sets err to the corresponding Symbian error code. + err is set to \c KErrNone otherwise. + \o \l QT_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION_TO_SYMBIAN_LEAVE(f) - this macro takes the + standard C++ code fragment \c f, catches any std::exceptions thrown from + it, and throws a corresponding Symbian leave. + \endlist + + \code + TInt DoTickL() // called from an active object RunL, ie Symbian leaves expected + { + // without the translation to Symbian Leave, we get a USER:0 panic + QT_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION_TO_SYMBIAN_LEAVE({ + int* x = new int[100000000]; // compiled as Qt code, will throw std::bad_alloc + delete [] x; + }); + return 0; + } + \endcode + + \section1 Common sense things + + Try to minimise the interleaving of Symbian and Qt code, every switch + requires a barrier. Grouping the code styles in different blocks will + minimise the problems. For instance, examine the following code. + + \code + 1. TRAPD(err, m_playUtility = CMdaAudioPlayerUtility::NewL(*this); + 2. QString filepath = QFileInfo( m_sound->fileName() ).absoluteFilePath(); + 3. filepath = QDir::toNativeSeparators(filepath); + 4. m_playUtility->OpenFileL(qt_QString2TPtrC(filepath))); + \endcode + + Line 1 starts a Symbian leave handling block, which is good because it + also uses a Symbian leave generating function. + + Line 2 creates a \l QString, uses \l QFileInfo and various member functions. + These could all throw exceptions, which is not good inside a \c TRAP block. + + Line 3 is unclear as to whether it might throw an exception, but since + it's dealing with strings it probably does, again bad. + + Line 4 is tricky, it calls a leaving function which is ok within a \c TRAP, + but it also uses \l qt_QString2TPtrC. You might think this is safe, but + there is a potential realloc call in there, so this can cause an unwelcome + exception. + + We could rewrite this with nested exception translations, but it's much + easier to refactor it. + + \code + QString filepath = QFileInfo( m_sound->fileName() ).absoluteFilePath(); + filepath = QDir::toNativeSeparators(filepath); + TPtrC filepathPtr(qt_QString2TPtrC(filepath)); + TRAPD(err, m_playUtility = CMdaAudioPlayerUtility::NewL(*this); + m_playUtility->OpenFileL(filepathPtr)); + \endcode + + Now the exception generating functions are separated from the leaving + functions. +*/ |