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diff --git a/doc/src/exceptionsafety.qdoc b/doc/src/exceptionsafety.qdoc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..284159f --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/src/exceptionsafety.qdoc @@ -0,0 +1,156 @@ +/**************************************************************************** +** +** Copyright (C) 2009 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies). +** Contact: Nokia Corporation (qt-info@nokia.com) +** +** This file is part of the documentation of the Qt Toolkit. +** +** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:LGPL$ +** No Commercial Usage +** This file contains pre-release code and may not be distributed. +** You may use this file in accordance with the terms and conditions +** contained in the either Technology Preview License Agreement or the +** Beta Release License Agreement. +** +** GNU Lesser General Public License Usage +** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Lesser +** General Public License version 2.1 as published by the Free Software +** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.LGPL included in the +** packaging of this file. Please review the following information to +** ensure the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1 requirements +** will be met: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.1.html. +** +** In addition, as a special exception, Nokia gives you certain +** additional rights. These rights are described in the Nokia Qt LGPL +** Exception version 1.0, included in the file LGPL_EXCEPTION.txt in this +** package. +** +** GNU General Public License Usage +** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU +** General Public License version 3.0 as published by the Free Software +** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.GPL included in the +** packaging of this file. Please review the following information to +** ensure the GNU General Public License version 3.0 requirements will be +** met: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html. +** +** If you are unsure which license is appropriate for your use, please +** contact the sales department at http://qt.nokia.com/contact. +** $QT_END_LICENSE$ +** +****************************************************************************/ + +/*! + \page exceptionsafety.html + \title Exception Safety + \ingroup architecture + \brief A guide to exception safety in Qt. + + \bold {Preliminary warning}: Exception safety is not feature complete! + Common cases should work, but classes might still leak or even crash. + + Qt itself will not throw exceptions. Instead, error codes are used. + In addition, some classes have user visible error messages, for example + \l QIODevice::errorString() or \l QSqlQuery::lastError(). + This has historical and practical reasons - turning on exceptions + can increase the library size by over 20%. + + The following sections describe Qt's behavior if exception support is + enabled at compile time. + + \tableofcontents + + \section1 Exception safe modules + + \section2 Containers + + Qt's \l{container classes} are generally exception neutral. They pass any + exception that happens within their contained type \c T to the user + while keeping their internal state valid. + + Example: + + \code + QList<QString> list; + ... + try { + list.append("hello"); + } catch (...) { + } + // list is safe to use - the exception did not affect it. + \endcode + + Exceptions to that rule are containers for types that can throw during assignment + or copy constructions. For those types, functions that modify the container as well as + returning a value, are unsafe to use: + + \code + MyType s = list.takeAt(2); + \endcode + + If an exception occurs during the assignment of \c s, the value at index 2 is already + removed from the container, but hasn't been assigned to \c s yet. It is lost + without chance of recovery. + + The correct way to write it: + + \code + MyType s = list.at(2); + list.removeAt(2); + \endcode + + If the assignment throws, the container still contains the value, no data loss occured. + + Note that implicitly shared Qt classes will not throw in their assignment + operators or copy constructors, so the limitation above does not apply. + + \section1 Out of Memory Handling + + Most desktop operating systems overcommit memory. This means that \c malloc() + or \c{operator new} return a valid pointer, even though there is not enough + memory available at allocation time. On such systems, no exception of type + \c std::bad_alloc is thrown. + + On all other operating systems, Qt will throw an exception of type std::bad_alloc + if any allocation fails. Allocations can fail if the system runs out of memory or + doesn't have enough continuous memory to allocate the requested size. + + Exceptions to that rule are documented. As an example, \l QImage::create() + returns false if not enough memory exists instead of throwing an exception. + + \section1 Recovering from exceptions + + Currently, the only supported use case for recovering from exceptions thrown + within Qt (for example due to out of memory) is to exit the event loop and do + some cleanup before exiting the application. + + Typical use case: + + \code + QApplication app(argc, argv); + ... + try { + app.exec(); + } catch (const std::bad_alloc &) { + // clean up here, e.g. save the session + // and close all config files. + + return 0; // exit the application + } + \endcode + + After an exception is thrown, the connection to the windowing server + might already be closed. It is not safe to call a GUI related function + after catching an exception. + + \section1 Platform-Specific Exception Handling + + \section2 Symbian (Qt for S60) + + The Symbian platform implements its own exception system that differs from the standard + C++ mechanism. When using Qt for S60, and especially when writing code to access Symbian + functionality directly, it may be necessary to know about the underlying implementation + and how it interacts with Qt. + + The \l{Exception Safety with Symbian} document shows how to use the facilities provided + by Qt to use exceptions as safely as possible. +*/ |