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Then we use the combobox on the right to select the XQuery that searches for \c{cpp} files (\c{listCPPFiles.xq}). Selecting an XQuery runs the query, which in this case traverses the model looking for all the \c{cpp} files. The XQuery text and the query results are shown on the right: \image filetree_2-example.png Don't be mislead by the XML representation of the \c{/filetree} directory shown on the left. This is not the node model itself but the XML obtained by traversing the node model and outputting it as XML. Constructing and using the custom node model is explained in the code walk-through. \section2 Running your own XQueries You can write your own XQuery files and run them in the example program. The file \c{xmlpatterns/filetree/queries.qrc} is the \l{The Qt Resource System} {resource file} for this example. It is used in \c{main.cpp} (\c{Q_INIT_RESOURCE(queries);}). It lists the XQuery files (\c{.xq}) that can be selected in the combobox. \quotefromfile examples/xmlpatterns/filetree/queries.qrc \printuntil To add your own queries to the example's combobox, store your \c{.xq} files in the \c{examples/xmlpatterns/filetree/queries} directory and add them to \c{queries.qrc} as shown above. \section1 Code Walk-Through The strategy is to create a custom node model that represents the directory tree of the computer's file system. That tree structure is non-XML data. The custom node model must have the same callback interface as the XML node models that the QtXmlPatterns query engine uses to execute queries. The query engine can then traverse the custom node model as if it were traversing the node model built from an XML document. The required callback interface is in QAbstractXmlNodeModel, so we create a custom node model by subclassing QAbstractXmlNodeModel and providing implementations for its pure virtual functions. For many cases, the implementations of several of the virtual functions are always the same, so QtXmlPatterns also provides QSimpleXmlNodeModel, which subclasses QAbstractXmlNodeModel and provides implementations for the callback functions that you can ignore. By subclassing QSimpleXmlNodeModel instead of QAbstractXmlNodeModel, you can reduce development time. \section2 The Custom Node Model Class: FileTree The custom node model for this example is class \c{FileTree}, which is derived from QSimpleXmlNodeModel. \c{FileTree} implements all the callback functions that don't have standard implementations in QSimpleXmlNodeModel. When you implement your own custom node model, you must provide implementations for these callback functions: \snippet examples/xmlpatterns/filetree/filetree.h 0 \snippet examples/xmlpatterns/filetree/filetree.h 1 The \c{FileTree} class declares four data members: \snippet examples/xmlpatterns/filetree/filetree.h 2 The QVector \c{m_fileInfos} will contain the node model. Each QFileInfo in the vector will represent a file or a directory in the file system. At this point it is instructive to note that although the node model class for this example (\c{FileTree}) actually builds and contains the custom node model, building the custom node model isn't always required. The node model class for the \l{QObject XML Model Example} {QObject node model example} does not build its node model but instead uses an already existing QObject tree as its node model and just implements the callback interface for that already existing data structure. In this file system example, however, although we have an already existing data structure, i.e. the file system, that data structure is not in memory and is not in a form we can use. So we must build an analog of the file system in memory from instances of QFileInfo, and we use that analog as the custom node model. The two sets of flags, \c{m_filterAllowAll} and \c{m_sortFlags}, contain OR'ed flags from QDir::Filters and QDir::SortFlags respectively. They are set by the \c{FileTree} constructor and used in calls to QDir::entryInfoList() for getting the child list for a directory node, i.e. a QFileInfoList containing the file and directory nodes for all the immediate children of a directory. The QVector \c{m_names} is an auxiliary component of the node model. It holds the XML element and attribute names (QXmlName) for all the node types that will be found in the node model. \c{m_names} is indexed by the enum \c{FileTree::Type}, which specifies the node types: \target Node_Type \snippet examples/xmlpatterns/filetree/filetree.h 4 \c{Directory} and \c{File} will represent the XML element nodes for directories and files respectively, and the other enum values will represent the XML attribute nodes for a file's path, name, suffix, its size in bytes, and its mime type. The \c{FileTree} constructor initializes \c{m_names} with an appropriate QXmlName for each element and attribute type: \snippet examples/xmlpatterns/filetree/filetree.cpp 2 Note that the constructor does \e{not} pre-build the entire node model. Instead, the node model is built \e{incrementally} as the query engine evaluates a query. To see how the query engine causes the node model to be built incrementally, see \l{Building And Traversing The Node Model}. To see how the query engine accesses the node model, see \l{Accessing the node model}. See also: \l{Node Model Building Strategy}. \section3 Accessing The Node Model Since the node model is stored outside the query engine in the \c{FileTree} class, the query engine knows nothing about it and can only access it by calling functions in the callback interface. When the query engine calls any callback function to access data in the node model, it passes a QXmlNodeModelIndex to identify the node in the node model that it wants to access. Hence all the virtual functions in the callback interface use a QXmlNodeModelIndex to uniquely identify a node in the model. We use the index of a QFileInfo in \c{m_fileInfos} to uniquely identify a node in the node model. To get the QXmlNodeModelIndex for a QFileInfo, the class uses the private function \c{toNodeIndex()}: \target main toNodeIndex \snippet examples/xmlpatterns/filetree/filetree.cpp 1 It searches the \c{m_fileInfos} vector for a QFileInfo that matches \c{fileInfo}. If a match is found, its array index is passed to QAbstractXmlNodeModel::createIndex() as the \c data value for the QXmlNodeIndex. If no match is found, the unmatched QFileInfo is appended to the vector, so this function is also doing the actual incremental model building (see \l{Building And Traversing The Node Model}). Note that \c{toNodeIndex()} gets a \l{Node_Type} {node type} as the second parameter, which it just passes on to \l{QAbstractXmlNodeModel::createIndex()} {createIndex()} as the \c{additionalData} value. Logically, this second parameter represents a second dimension in the node model, where the first dimension represents the \e element nodes, and the second dimension represents each element's attribute nodes. The meaning is that each QFileInfo in the \c{m_fileInfos} vector can represent an \e{element} node \e{and} one or more \e{attribute} nodes. In particular, the QFileInfo for a file will contain the values for the attribute nodes path, name, suffix, size, and mime type (see \c{FileTree::attributes()}). Since the attributes are contained in the QFileInfo of the file element, there aren't actually any attribute nodes in the node model. Hence, we can use a QVector for \c{m_fileInfos}. A convenience overloading of \l{toNodeIndex of convenience} {toNodeIndex()} is also called in several places, wherever it is known that the QXmlNodeModelIndex being requested is for a directory or a file and not for an attribute. The convenience function takes only the QFileInfo parameter and calls the other \l{main toNodeIndex} {toNodeIndex()}, after obtaining either the Directory or File node type directly from the QFileInfo: \target toNodeIndex of convenience \snippet examples/xmlpatterns/filetree/filetree.cpp 0 Note that the auxiliary vector \c{m_names} is accessed using the \l{Node_Type} {node type}, for example: \snippet examples/xmlpatterns/filetree/filetree.cpp 3 Most of the virtual functions in the callback interface are as simple as the ones described so far, but the callback function used for traversing (and building) the node model is more complex. \section3 Building And Traversing The Node Model The node model in \c{FileTree} is not fully built before the query engine begins evaluating the query. In fact, when the query engine begins evaluating its first query, the only node in the node model is the one representing the root directory for the selected part of the file system. See \l{The UI Class: MainWindow} below for details about how the UI triggers creation of the model. The query engine builds the node model incrementally each time it calls the \l{next node on axis} {nextFromSimpleAxis()} callback function, as it traverses the node model to evaluate a query. Thus the query engine only builds the region of the node model that it needs for evaluating the query. \l{next node on axis} {nextFromSimpleAxis()} takes an \l{QAbstractXmlNodeModel::SimpleAxis} {axis identifier} and a \l{QXmlNodeModelIndex} {node identifier} as parameters. The \l{QXmlNodeModelIndex} {node identifier} represents the \e{context node} (i.e. the query engine's current location in the model), and the \l{QAbstractXmlNodeModel::SimpleAxis} {axis identifier} represents the direction we want to move from the context node. The function finds the appropriate next node and returns its QXmlNodeModelIndex. \l{next node on axis} {nextFromSimpleAxis()} is where most of the work of implementing a custom node model will be required. The obvious way to do it is to use a switch statement with a case for each \l{QAbstractXmlNodeModel::SimpleAxis} {axis}. \target next node on axis \snippet examples/xmlpatterns/filetree/filetree.cpp 4 The first thing this function does is call \l{to file info} {toFileInfo()} to get the QFileInfo of the context node. The use of QVector::at() here is guaranteed to succeed because the context node must already be in the node model, and hence must have a QFileInfo in \c{m_fileInfos}. \target to file info \snippet examples/xmlpatterns/filetree/filetree.cpp 6 The \l{QAbstractXmlNodeModel::Parent} {Parent} case looks up the context node's parent by constructing a QFileInfo from the context node's \l{QFileInfo::absoluteFilePath()} {path} and passing it to \l{main toNodeIndex} {toNodeIndex()} to find the QFileInfo in \c{m_fileInfos}. The \l{QAbstractXmlNodeModel::FirstChild} {FirstChild} case requires that the context node must be a directory, because a file doesn't have children. If the context node is not a directory, a default constructed QXmlNodeModelIndex is returned. Otherwise, QDir::entryInfoList() constructs a QFileInfoList of the context node's children. The first QFileInfo in the list is passed to \l{toNodeIndex of convenience} {toNodeIndex()} to get its QXmlNodeModelIndex. Note that this will add the child to the node model, if it isn't in the model yet. The \l{QAbstractXmlNodeModel::PreviousSibling} {PreviousSibling} and \l{QAbstractXmlNodeModel::NextSibling} {NextSibling} cases call the \l{nextSibling helper} {nextSibling() helper function}. It takes the QXmlNodeModelIndex of the context node, the QFileInfo of the context node, and an offest of +1 or -1. The context node is a child of some parent, so the function gets the parent and then gets the child list for the parent. The child list is searched to find the QFileInfo of the context node. It must be there. Then the offset is applied, -1 for the previous sibling and +1 for the next sibling. The resulting index is passed to \l{toNodeIndex of convenience} {toNodeIndex()} to get its QXmlNodeModelIndex. Note again that this will add the sibling to the node model, if it isn't in the model yet. \target nextSibling helper \snippet examples/xmlpatterns/filetree/filetree.cpp 5 \section2 The UI Class: MainWindow The example's UI is a conventional Qt GUI application inheriting QMainWindow and the Ui_MainWindow base class generated by \l{Qt Designer Manual} {Qt Designer}. \snippet examples/xmlpatterns/filetree/mainwindow.h 0 It contains the custom node model (\c{m_fileTree}) and an instance of QXmlNodeModelIndex (\c{m_fileNode}) used for holding the node index for the root of the file system subtree. \c{m_fileNode} will be bound to a $variable in the XQuery to be evaluated. Two actions of interest are handled by slot functions: \l{Selecting A Directory To Model} and \l{Selecting And Running An XQuery}. \section3 Selecting A Directory To Model The user selects \c{File->Open Directory} to choose a directory to be loaded into the custom node model. Choosing a directory signals the \c{on_actionOpenDirectory_triggered()} slot: \snippet examples/xmlpatterns/filetree/mainwindow.cpp 1 The slot function simply calls the private function \c{loadDirectory()} with the path of the chosen directory: \target the standard code pattern \snippet examples/xmlpatterns/filetree/mainwindow.cpp 4 \c{loadDirectory()} demonstrates a standard code pattern for using QtXmlPatterns programatically. First it gets the node model index for the root of the selected directory. Then it creates an instance of QXmlQuery and calls QXmlQuery::bindVariable() to bind the node index to the XQuery variable \c{$fileTree}. It then calls QXmlQuery::setQuery() to load the XQuery text. \note QXmlQuery::bindVariable() must be called \e before calling QXmlQuery::setQuery(), which loads and parses the XQuery text and must have access to the variable binding as the text is parsed. The next lines create an output device for outputting the query result, which is then used to create a QXmlFormatter to format the query result as XML. QXmlQuery::evaluateTo() is called to run the query, and the formatted XML output is displayed in the left panel of the UI window. Finally, the private function \l{Selecting And Running An XQuery} {evaluateResult()} is called to run the currently selected XQuery over the custom node model. \note As described in \l{Building And Traversing The Node Model}, the \c FileTree class wants to build the custom node model incrementally as it evaluates the XQuery. But, because the \c{loadDirectory()} function runs the \c{wholeTree.xq} XQuery, it actually builds the entire node model anyway. See \l{Node Model Building Strategy} for a discussion about building your custom node model. \section3 Selecting And Running An XQuery The user chooses an XQuery from the menu in the combobox on the right. Choosing an XQuery signals the \c{on_queryBox_currentIndexChanged()} slot: \snippet examples/xmlpatterns/filetree/mainwindow.cpp 2 The slot function opens and loads the query file and then calls the private function \c{evaluateResult()} to run the query: \snippet examples/xmlpatterns/filetree/mainwindow.cpp 3 \c{evaluateResult()} is a second example of the same code pattern shown in \l{the standard code pattern} {loadDirectory()}. In this case, it runs the XQuery currently selected in the combobox instead of \c{qrc:/queries/wholeTree.xq}, and it outputs the query result to the panel on the lower right of the UI window. \section2 Node Model Building Strategy We saw that the \l{The Custom Node Model Class: FileTree} {FileTree} tries to build its custom node model incrementally, but we also saw that the \l{the standard code pattern} {MainWindow::loadDirectory()} function in the UI class immediately subverts the incremental build by running the \c{wholeTree.xq} XQuery, which traverses the entire selected directory, thereby causing the entire node model to be built. If we want to preserve the incremental build capability of the \c{FileTree} class, we can strip the running of \c{wholeTree.xq} out of \l{the standard code pattern} {MainWindow::loadDirectory()}: \snippet examples/xmlpatterns/filetree/mainwindow.cpp 5 \snippet examples/xmlpatterns/filetree/mainwindow.cpp 6 Note, however, that \c{FileTree} doesn't have the capability of deleting all or part of the node model. The node model, once built, is only deleted when the \c{FileTree} instance goes out of scope. In this example, each element node in the node model represents a directory or a file in the computer's file system, and each node is represented by an instance of QFileInfo. An instance of QFileInfo is not costly to produce, but you might imagine a node model where building new nodes is very costly. In such cases, the capability to build the node model incrementally is important, because it allows us to only build the region of the model we need for evaluating the query. In other cases, it will be simpler to just build the entire node model. */