/**************************************************************************** ** ** Copyright (C) 2009 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies). ** Contact: Qt Software Information (qt-info@nokia.com) ** ** This file is part of the QtCore module of the Qt Toolkit. ** ** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:LGPL$ ** No Commercial Usage ** This file contains pre-release code and may not be distributed. ** You may use this file in accordance with the terms and conditions ** contained in the either Technology Preview License Agreement or the ** Beta Release License Agreement. ** ** GNU Lesser General Public License Usage ** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Lesser ** General Public License version 2.1 as published by the Free Software ** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.LGPL included in the ** packaging of this file. Please review the following information to ** ensure the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1 requirements ** will be met: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.1.html. ** ** In addition, as a special exception, Nokia gives you certain ** additional rights. These rights are described in the Nokia Qt LGPL ** Exception version 1.0, included in the file LGPL_EXCEPTION.txt in this ** package. ** ** GNU General Public License Usage ** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU ** General Public License version 3.0 as published by the Free Software ** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.GPL included in the ** packaging of this file. Please review the following information to ** ensure the GNU General Public License version 3.0 requirements will be ** met: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html. ** ** If you are unsure which license is appropriate for your use, please ** contact the sales department at qt-sales@nokia.com. ** $QT_END_LICENSE$ ** ****************************************************************************/ //#define QPROCESS_DEBUG #if defined QPROCESS_DEBUG #include #include #include #if !defined(Q_OS_WINCE) #include #endif QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE /* Returns a human readable representation of the first \a len characters in \a data. */ static QByteArray qt_prettyDebug(const char *data, int len, int maxSize) { if (!data) return "(null)"; QByteArray out; for (int i = 0; i < len && i < maxSize; ++i) { char c = data[i]; if (isprint(c)) { out += c; } else switch (c) { case '\n': out += "\\n"; break; case '\r': out += "\\r"; break; case '\t': out += "\\t"; break; default: char buf[5]; qsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\\%3o", c); buf[4] = '\0'; out += QByteArray(buf); } } if (len < maxSize) out += "..."; return out; } QT_END_NAMESPACE #endif #include "qprocess.h" #include "qprocess_p.h" #include #include #include #include #include #ifdef Q_WS_WIN #include #endif #ifndef QT_NO_PROCESS QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE void QProcessPrivate::Channel::clear() { switch (type) { case PipeSource: Q_ASSERT(process); process->stdinChannel.type = Normal; process->stdinChannel.process = 0; break; case PipeSink: Q_ASSERT(process); process->stdoutChannel.type = Normal; process->stdoutChannel.process = 0; break; } type = Normal; file.clear(); process = 0; } /*! \class QProcess \brief The QProcess class is used to start external programs and to communicate with them. \ingroup io \ingroup misc \mainclass \reentrant To start a process, pass the name and command line arguments of the program you want to run as arguments to start(). For example: \snippet doc/src/snippets/qprocess/qprocess-simpleexecution.cpp 0 \dots \snippet doc/src/snippets/qprocess/qprocess-simpleexecution.cpp 1 \snippet doc/src/snippets/qprocess/qprocess-simpleexecution.cpp 2 QProcess then enters the \l Starting state, and when the program has started, QProcess enters the \l Running state and emits started(). QProcess allows you to treat a process as a sequential I/O device. You can write to and read from the process just as you would access a network connection using QTcpSocket. You can then write to the process's standard input by calling write(), and read the standard output by calling read(), readLine(), and getChar(). Because it inherits QIODevice, QProcess can also be used as an input source for QXmlReader, or for generating data to be uploaded using QFtp. \note On Windows CE and Symbian, reading and writing to a process is not supported. When the process exits, QProcess reenters the \l NotRunning state (the initial state), and emits finished(). The finished() signal provides the exit code and exit status of the process as arguments, and you can also call exitCode() to obtain the exit code of the last process that finished, and exitStatus() to obtain its exit status. If an error occurs at any point in time, QProcess will emit the error() signal. You can also call error() to find the type of error that occurred last, and state() to find the current process state. \section1 Communicating via Channels Processes have two predefined output channels: The standard output channel (\c stdout) supplies regular console output, and the standard error channel (\c stderr) usually supplies the errors that are printed by the process. These channels represent two separate streams of data. You can toggle between them by calling setReadChannel(). QProcess emits readyRead() when data is available on the current read channel. It also emits readyReadStandardOutput() when new standard output data is available, and when new standard error data is available, readyReadStandardError() is emitted. Instead of calling read(), readLine(), or getChar(), you can explicitly read all data from either of the two channels by calling readAllStandardOutput() or readAllStandardError(). The terminology for the channels can be misleading. Be aware that the process's output channels correspond to QProcess's \e read channels, whereas the process's input channels correspond to QProcess's \e write channels. This is because what we read using QProcess is the process's output, and what we write becomes the process's input. QProcess can merge the two output channels, so that standard output and standard error data from the running process both use the standard output channel. Call setProcessChannelMode() with MergedChannels before starting the process to activative this feature. You also have the option of forwarding the output of the running process to the calling, main process, by passing ForwardedChannels as the argument. Certain processes need special environment settings in order to operate. You can set environment variables for your process by calling setEnvironment(). To set a working directory, call setWorkingDirectory(). By default, processes are run in the current working directory of the calling process. \note On Symbian, setting environment or working directory is not supported. The working directory will always be the private directory of the running process. \section1 Synchronous Process API QProcess provides a set of functions which allow it to be used without an event loop, by suspending the calling thread until certain signals are emitted: \list \o waitForStarted() blocks until the process has started. \o waitForReadyRead() blocks until new data is available for reading on the current read channel. \o waitForBytesWritten() blocks until one payload of data has been written to the process. \o waitForFinished() blocks until the process has finished. \endlist Calling these functions from the main thread (the thread that calls QApplication::exec()) may cause your user interface to freeze. The following example runs \c gzip to compress the string "Qt rocks!", without an event loop: \snippet doc/src/snippets/process/process.cpp 0 \section1 Notes for Windows Users Some Windows commands (for example, \c dir) are not provided by separate applications, but by the command interpreter itself. If you attempt to use QProcess to execute these commands directly, it won't work. One possible solution is to execute the command interpreter itself (\c{cmd.exe} on some Windows systems), and ask the interpreter to execute the desired command. \sa QBuffer, QFile, QTcpSocket */ /*! \enum QProcess::ProcessChannel This enum describes the process channels used by the running process. Pass one of these values to setReadChannel() to set the current read channel of QProcess. \value StandardOutput The standard output (stdout) of the running process. \value StandardError The standard error (stderr) of the running process. \sa setReadChannel() */ /*! \enum QProcess::ProcessChannelMode This enum describes the process channel modes of QProcess. Pass one of these values to setProcessChannelMode() to set the current read channel mode. \value SeparateChannels QProcess manages the output of the running process, keeping standard output and standard error data in separate internal buffers. You can select the QProcess's current read channel by calling setReadChannel(). This is the default channel mode of QProcess. \value MergedChannels QProcess merges the output of the running process into the standard output channel (\c stdout). The standard error channel (\c stderr) will not receive any data. The standard output and standard error data of the running process are interleaved. \value ForwardedChannels QProcess forwards the output of the running process onto the main process. Anything the child process writes to its standard output and standard error will be written to the standard output and standard error of the main process. \sa setReadChannelMode() */ /*! \enum QProcess::ProcessError This enum describes the different types of errors that are reported by QProcess. \value FailedToStart The process failed to start. Either the invoked program is missing, or you may have insufficient permissions to invoke the program. \value Crashed The process crashed some time after starting successfully. \value Timedout The last waitFor...() function timed out. The state of QProcess is unchanged, and you can try calling waitFor...() again. \value WriteError An error occurred when attempting to write to the process. For example, the process may not be running, or it may have closed its input channel. \value ReadError An error occurred when attempting to read from the process. For example, the process may not be running. \value UnknownError An unknown error occurred. This is the default return value of error(). \sa error() */ /*! \enum QProcess::ProcessState This enum describes the different states of QProcess. \value NotRunning The process is not running. \value Starting The process is starting, but the program has not yet been invoked. \value Running The process is running and is ready for reading and writing. \sa state() */ /*! \enum QProcess::ExitStatus This enum describes the different exit statuses of QProcess. \value NormalExit The process exited normally. \value CrashExit The process crashed. \sa exitStatus() */ /*! \fn void QProcess::error(QProcess::ProcessError error) This signal is emitted when an error occurs with the process. The specified \a error describes the type of error that occurred. */ /*! \fn void QProcess::started() This signal is emitted by QProcess when the process has started, and state() returns \l Running. */ /*! \fn void QProcess::stateChanged(QProcess::ProcessState newState) This signal is emitted whenever the state of QProcess changes. The \a newState argument is the state QProcess changed to. */ /*! \fn void QProcess::finished(int exitCode) \obsolete \overload Use finished(int exitCode, QProcess::ExitStatus status) instead. */ /*! \fn void QProcess::finished(int exitCode, QProcess::ExitStatus exitStatus) This signal is emitted when the process finishes. \a exitCode is the exit code of the process, and \a exitStatus is the exit status. After the process has finished, the buffers in QProcess are still intact. You can still read any data that the process may have written before it finished. \sa exitStatus() */ /*! \fn void QProcess::readyReadStandardOutput() This signal is emitted when the process has made new data available through its standard output channel (\c stdout). It is emitted regardless of the current \l{readChannel()}{read channel}. \sa readAllStandardOutput(), readChannel() */ /*! \fn void QProcess::readyReadStandardError() This signal is emitted when the process has made new data available through its standard error channel (\c stderr). It is emitted regardless of the current \l{readChannel()}{read channel}. \sa readAllStandardError(), readChannel() */ /*! \internal */ QProcessPrivate::QProcessPrivate() { processChannel = QProcess::StandardOutput; processChannelMode = QProcess::SeparateChannels; processError = QProcess::UnknownError; processState = QProcess::NotRunning; pid = 0; sequenceNumber = 0; exitCode = 0; exitStatus = QProcess::NormalExit; startupSocketNotifier = 0; deathNotifier = 0; notifier = 0; pipeWriter = 0; childStartedPipe[0] = INVALID_Q_PIPE; childStartedPipe[1] = INVALID_Q_PIPE; deathPipe[0] = INVALID_Q_PIPE; deathPipe[1] = INVALID_Q_PIPE; exitCode = 0; crashed = false; dying = false; emittedReadyRead = false; emittedBytesWritten = false; #ifdef Q_WS_WIN pipeWriter = 0; processFinishedNotifier = 0; #endif // Q_WS_WIN #ifdef Q_OS_UNIX serial = 0; #endif #ifdef Q_OS_SYMBIAN symbianProcess = NULL; processLaunched = false; #endif } /*! \internal */ QProcessPrivate::~QProcessPrivate() { if (stdinChannel.process) stdinChannel.process->stdoutChannel.clear(); if (stdoutChannel.process) stdoutChannel.process->stdinChannel.clear(); } /*! \internal */ void QProcessPrivate::cleanup() { q_func()->setProcessState(QProcess::NotRunning); #ifdef Q_OS_WIN if (pid) { CloseHandle(pid->hThread); CloseHandle(pid->hProcess); delete pid; pid = 0; } if (processFinishedNotifier) { processFinishedNotifier->setEnabled(false); qDeleteInEventHandler(processFinishedNotifier); processFinishedNotifier = 0; } #endif pid = 0; sequenceNumber = 0; dying = false; if (stdoutChannel.notifier) { stdoutChannel.notifier->setEnabled(false); qDeleteInEventHandler(stdoutChannel.notifier); stdoutChannel.notifier = 0; } if (stderrChannel.notifier) { stderrChannel.notifier->setEnabled(false); qDeleteInEventHandler(stderrChannel.notifier); stderrChannel.notifier = 0; } if (stdinChannel.notifier) { stdinChannel.notifier->setEnabled(false); qDeleteInEventHandler(stdinChannel.notifier); stdinChannel.notifier = 0; } if (startupSocketNotifier) { startupSocketNotifier->setEnabled(false); qDeleteInEventHandler(startupSocketNotifier); startupSocketNotifier = 0; } if (deathNotifier) { deathNotifier->setEnabled(false); qDeleteInEventHandler(deathNotifier); deathNotifier = 0; } if (notifier) { qDeleteInEventHandler(notifier); notifier = 0; } destroyPipe(stdoutChannel.pipe); destroyPipe(stderrChannel.pipe); destroyPipe(stdinChannel.pipe); destroyPipe(childStartedPipe); destroyPipe(deathPipe); #ifdef Q_OS_UNIX serial = 0; #endif #ifdef Q_OS_SYMBIAN if (symbianProcess) { symbianProcess->Close(); delete symbianProcess; symbianProcess = NULL; } #endif } /*! \internal */ bool QProcessPrivate::_q_canReadStandardOutput() { Q_Q(QProcess); qint64 available = bytesAvailableFromStdout(); if (available == 0) { if (stdoutChannel.notifier) stdoutChannel.notifier->setEnabled(false); destroyPipe(stdoutChannel.pipe); #if defined QPROCESS_DEBUG qDebug("QProcessPrivate::canReadStandardOutput(), 0 bytes available"); #endif return false; } char *ptr = outputReadBuffer.reserve(available); qint64 readBytes = readFromStdout(ptr, available); if (readBytes == -1) { processError = QProcess::ReadError; q->setErrorString(QProcess::tr("Error reading from process")); emit q->error(processError); #if defined QPROCESS_DEBUG qDebug("QProcessPrivate::canReadStandardOutput(), failed to read from the process"); #endif return false; } #if defined QPROCESS_DEBUG qDebug("QProcessPrivate::canReadStandardOutput(), read %d bytes from the process' output", int(readBytes)); #endif if (stdoutChannel.closed) { outputReadBuffer.chop(readBytes); return false; } outputReadBuffer.chop(available - readBytes); bool didRead = false; if (readBytes == 0) { if (stdoutChannel.notifier) stdoutChannel.notifier->setEnabled(false); } else if (processChannel == QProcess::StandardOutput) { didRead = true; if (!emittedReadyRead) { emittedReadyRead = true; emit q->readyRead(); emittedReadyRead = false; } } emit q->readyReadStandardOutput(); return didRead; } /*! \internal */ bool QProcessPrivate::_q_canReadStandardError() { Q_Q(QProcess); qint64 available = bytesAvailableFromStderr(); if (available == 0) { if (stderrChannel.notifier) stderrChannel.notifier->setEnabled(false); destroyPipe(stderrChannel.pipe); return false; } char *ptr = errorReadBuffer.reserve(available); qint64 readBytes = readFromStderr(ptr, available); if (readBytes == -1) { processError = QProcess::ReadError; q->setErrorString(QProcess::tr("Error reading from process")); emit q->error(processError); return false; } if (stderrChannel.closed) { errorReadBuffer.chop(readBytes); return false; } errorReadBuffer.chop(available - readBytes); bool didRead = false; if (readBytes == 0) { if (stderrChannel.notifier) stderrChannel.notifier->setEnabled(false); } else if (processChannel == QProcess::StandardError) { didRead = true; if (!emittedReadyRead) { emittedReadyRead = true; emit q->readyRead(); emittedReadyRead = false; } } emit q->readyReadStandardError(); return didRead; } /*! \internal */ bool QProcessPrivate::_q_canWrite() { Q_Q(QProcess); if (stdinChannel.notifier) stdinChannel.notifier->setEnabled(false); if (writeBuffer.isEmpty()) { #if defined QPROCESS_DEBUG qDebug("QProcessPrivate::canWrite(), not writing anything (empty write buffer)."); #endif return false; } qint64 written = writeToStdin(writeBuffer.readPointer(), writeBuffer.nextDataBlockSize()); if (written < 0) { destroyPipe(stdinChannel.pipe); processError = QProcess::WriteError; q->setErrorString(QProcess::tr("Error writing to process")); #if defined(QPROCESS_DEBUG) && !defined(Q_OS_WINCE) qDebug("QProcessPrivate::canWrite(), failed to write (%s)", strerror(errno)); #endif emit q->error(processError); return false; } #if defined QPROCESS_DEBUG qDebug("QProcessPrivate::canWrite(), wrote %d bytes to the process input", int(written)); #endif writeBuffer.free(written); if (!emittedBytesWritten) { emittedBytesWritten = true; emit q->bytesWritten(written); emittedBytesWritten = false; } if (stdinChannel.notifier && !writeBuffer.isEmpty()) stdinChannel.notifier->setEnabled(true); if (writeBuffer.isEmpty() && stdinChannel.closed) closeWriteChannel(); return true; } /*! \internal */ bool QProcessPrivate::_q_processDied() { Q_Q(QProcess); #if defined QPROCESS_DEBUG qDebug("QProcessPrivate::_q_processDied()"); #endif #ifdef Q_OS_UNIX if (!waitForDeadChild()) return false; #endif #ifdef Q_OS_WIN if (processFinishedNotifier) processFinishedNotifier->setEnabled(false); #endif // the process may have died before it got a chance to report that it was // either running or stopped, so we will call _q_startupNotification() and // give it a chance to emit started() or error(FailedToStart). if (processState == QProcess::Starting) { if (!_q_startupNotification()) return true; } if (dying) { // at this point we know the process is dead. prevent // reentering this slot recursively by calling waitForFinished() // or opening a dialog inside slots connected to the readyRead // signals emitted below. return true; } dying = true; // in case there is data in the pipe line and this slot by chance // got called before the read notifications, call these two slots // so the data is made available before the process dies. _q_canReadStandardOutput(); _q_canReadStandardError(); findExitCode(); if (crashed) { exitStatus = QProcess::CrashExit; processError = QProcess::Crashed; q->setErrorString(QProcess::tr("Process crashed")); emit q->error(processError); } bool wasRunning = (processState == QProcess::Running); cleanup(); if (wasRunning) { // we received EOF now: emit q->readChannelFinished(); // in the future: //emit q->standardOutputClosed(); //emit q->standardErrorClosed(); emit q->finished(exitCode); emit q->finished(exitCode, exitStatus); } #if defined QPROCESS_DEBUG qDebug("QProcessPrivate::_q_processDied() process is dead"); #endif return true; } /*! \internal */ bool QProcessPrivate::_q_startupNotification() { Q_Q(QProcess); #if defined QPROCESS_DEBUG qDebug("QProcessPrivate::startupNotification()"); #endif if (startupSocketNotifier) startupSocketNotifier->setEnabled(false); if (processStarted()) { q->setProcessState(QProcess::Running); emit q->started(); return true; } q->setProcessState(QProcess::NotRunning); processError = QProcess::FailedToStart; emit q->error(processError); #ifdef Q_OS_UNIX // make sure the process manager removes this entry waitForDeadChild(); findExitCode(); #endif cleanup(); return false; } /*! \internal */ void QProcessPrivate::closeWriteChannel() { #if defined QPROCESS_DEBUG qDebug("QProcessPrivate::closeWriteChannel()"); #endif if (stdinChannel.notifier) { extern void qDeleteInEventHandler(QObject *o); stdinChannel.notifier->setEnabled(false); if (stdinChannel.notifier) { qDeleteInEventHandler(stdinChannel.notifier); stdinChannel.notifier = 0; } } #ifdef Q_OS_WIN // ### Find a better fix, feeding the process little by little // instead. flushPipeWriter(); #endif destroyPipe(stdinChannel.pipe); } /*! Constructs a QProcess object with the given \a parent. */ QProcess::QProcess(QObject *parent) : QIODevice(*new QProcessPrivate, parent) { #if defined QPROCESS_DEBUG qDebug("QProcess::QProcess(%p)", parent); #endif } /*! Destructs the QProcess object, i.e., killing the process. Note that this function will not return until the process is terminated. */ QProcess::~QProcess() { Q_D(QProcess); if (d->processState != NotRunning) { qWarning("QProcess: Destroyed while process is still running."); kill(); waitForFinished(); } #ifdef Q_OS_UNIX // make sure the process manager removes this entry d->findExitCode(); #endif d->cleanup(); } /*! \obsolete Returns the read channel mode of the QProcess. This function is equivalent to processChannelMode() \sa processChannelMode() */ QProcess::ProcessChannelMode QProcess::readChannelMode() const { return processChannelMode(); } /*! \obsolete Use setProcessChannelMode(\a mode) instead. \sa setProcessChannelMode() */ void QProcess::setReadChannelMode(ProcessChannelMode mode) { setProcessChannelMode(mode); } /*! \since 4.2 Returns the channel mode of the QProcess standard output and standard error channels. \sa setReadChannelMode(), ProcessChannelMode, setReadChannel() */ QProcess::ProcessChannelMode QProcess::processChannelMode() const { Q_D(const QProcess); return d->processChannelMode; } /*! \since 4.2 Sets the channel mode of the QProcess standard output and standard error channels to the \a mode specified. This mode will be used the next time start() is called. For example: \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/src_corelib_io_qprocess.cpp 0 \sa readChannelMode(), ProcessChannelMode, setReadChannel() */ void QProcess::setProcessChannelMode(ProcessChannelMode mode) { Q_D(QProcess); d->processChannelMode = mode; } /*! Returns the current read channel of the QProcess. \sa setReadChannel() */ QProcess::ProcessChannel QProcess::readChannel() const { Q_D(const QProcess); return d->processChannel; } /*! Sets the current read channel of the QProcess to the given \a channel. The current input channel is used by the functions read(), readAll(), readLine(), and getChar(). It also determines which channel triggers QProcess to emit readyRead(). \sa readChannel() */ void QProcess::setReadChannel(ProcessChannel channel) { Q_D(QProcess); if (d->processChannel != channel) { QByteArray buf = d->buffer.readAll(); if (d->processChannel == QProcess::StandardOutput) { for (int i = buf.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) d->outputReadBuffer.ungetChar(buf.at(i)); } else { for (int i = buf.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) d->errorReadBuffer.ungetChar(buf.at(i)); } } d->processChannel = channel; } /*! Closes the read channel \a channel. After calling this function, QProcess will no longer receive data on the channel. Any data that has already been received is still available for reading. Call this function to save memory, if you are not interested in the output of the process. \sa closeWriteChannel(), setReadChannel() */ void QProcess::closeReadChannel(ProcessChannel channel) { Q_D(QProcess); if (channel == StandardOutput) d->stdoutChannel.closed = true; else d->stderrChannel.closed = true; } /*! Schedules the write channel of QProcess to be closed. The channel will close once all data has been written to the process. After calling this function, any attempts to write to the process will fail. Closing the write channel is necessary for programs that read input data until the channel has been closed. For example, the program "more" is used to display text data in a console on both Unix and Windows. But it will not display the text data until QProcess's write channel has been closed. Example: \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/src_corelib_io_qprocess.cpp 1 The write channel is implicitly opened when start() is called. \sa closeReadChannel() */ void QProcess::closeWriteChannel() { Q_D(QProcess); d->stdinChannel.closed = true; // closing if (d->writeBuffer.isEmpty()) d->closeWriteChannel(); } /*! \since 4.2 Redirects the process' standard input to the file indicated by \a fileName. When an input redirection is in place, the QProcess object will be in read-only mode (calling write() will result in error). If the file \a fileName does not exist at the moment start() is called or is not readable, starting the process will fail. Calling setStandardInputFile() after the process has started has no effect. \sa setStandardOutputFile(), setStandardErrorFile(), setStandardOutputProcess() */ void QProcess::setStandardInputFile(const QString &fileName) { Q_D(QProcess); d->stdinChannel = fileName; } /*! \since 4.2 Redirects the process' standard output to the file \a fileName. When the redirection is in place, the standard output read channel is closed: reading from it using read() will always fail, as will readAllStandardOutput(). If the file \a fileName doesn't exist at the moment start() is called, it will be created. If it cannot be created, the starting will fail. If the file exists and \a mode is QIODevice::Truncate, the file will be truncated. Otherwise (if \a mode is QIODevice::Append), the file will be appended to. Calling setStandardOutputFile() after the process has started has no effect. \sa setStandardInputFile(), setStandardErrorFile(), setStandardOutputProcess() */ void QProcess::setStandardOutputFile(const QString &fileName, OpenMode mode) { Q_ASSERT(mode == Append || mode == Truncate); Q_D(QProcess); d->stdoutChannel = fileName; d->stdoutChannel.append = mode == Append; } /*! \since 4.2 Redirects the process' standard error to the file \a fileName. When the redirection is in place, the standard error read channel is closed: reading from it using read() will always fail, as will readAllStandardError(). The file will be appended to if \a mode is Append, otherwise, it will be truncated. See setStandardOutputFile() for more information on how the file is opened. Note: if setProcessChannelMode() was called with an argument of QProcess::MergedChannels, this function has no effect. \sa setStandardInputFile(), setStandardOutputFile(), setStandardOutputProcess() */ void QProcess::setStandardErrorFile(const QString &fileName, OpenMode mode) { Q_ASSERT(mode == Append || mode == Truncate); Q_D(QProcess); d->stderrChannel = fileName; d->stderrChannel.append = mode == Append; } /*! \since 4.2 Pipes the standard output stream of this process to the \a destination process' standard input. The following shell command: \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/src_corelib_io_qprocess.cpp 2 Can be accomplished with QProcesses with the following code: \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/src_corelib_io_qprocess.cpp 3 */ void QProcess::setStandardOutputProcess(QProcess *destination) { QProcessPrivate *dfrom = d_func(); QProcessPrivate *dto = destination->d_func(); dfrom->stdoutChannel.pipeTo(dto); dto->stdinChannel.pipeFrom(dfrom); } /*! If QProcess has been assigned a working directory, this function returns the working directory that the QProcess will enter before the program has started. Otherwise, (i.e., no directory has been assigned,) an empty string is returned, and QProcess will use the application's current working directory instead. \sa setWorkingDirectory() */ QString QProcess::workingDirectory() const { Q_D(const QProcess); return d->workingDirectory; } /*! Sets the working directory to \a dir. QProcess will start the process in this directory. The default behavior is to start the process in the working directory of the calling process. \note The working directory setting is ignored on Symbian; the private directory of the process is considered its working directory. \sa workingDirectory(), start() */ void QProcess::setWorkingDirectory(const QString &dir) { Q_D(QProcess); d->workingDirectory = dir; } /*! Returns the native process identifier for the running process, if available. If no process is currently running, 0 is returned. */ Q_PID QProcess::pid() const { Q_D(const QProcess); return d->pid; } /*! \reimp This function operates on the current read channel. \sa readChannel(), setReadChannel() */ bool QProcess::canReadLine() const { Q_D(const QProcess); const QRingBuffer *readBuffer = (d->processChannel == QProcess::StandardError) ? &d->errorReadBuffer : &d->outputReadBuffer; return readBuffer->canReadLine() || QIODevice::canReadLine(); } /*! Closes all communication with the process and kills it. After calling this function, QProcess will no longer emit readyRead(), and data can no longer be read or written. */ void QProcess::close() { emit aboutToClose(); while (waitForBytesWritten(-1)) ; kill(); waitForFinished(-1); QIODevice::close(); } /*! \reimp Returns true if the process is not running, and no more data is available for reading; otherwise returns false. */ bool QProcess::atEnd() const { Q_D(const QProcess); const QRingBuffer *readBuffer = (d->processChannel == QProcess::StandardError) ? &d->errorReadBuffer : &d->outputReadBuffer; return QIODevice::atEnd() && (!isOpen() || readBuffer->isEmpty()); } /*! \reimp */ bool QProcess::isSequential() const { return true; } /*! \reimp */ qint64 QProcess::bytesAvailable() const { Q_D(const QProcess); const QRingBuffer *readBuffer = (d->processChannel == QProcess::StandardError) ? &d->errorReadBuffer : &d->outputReadBuffer; #if defined QPROCESS_DEBUG qDebug("QProcess::bytesAvailable() == %i (%s)", readBuffer->size(), (d->processChannel == QProcess::StandardError) ? "stderr" : "stdout"); #endif return readBuffer->size() + QIODevice::bytesAvailable(); } /*! \reimp */ qint64 QProcess::bytesToWrite() const { Q_D(const QProcess); qint64 size = d->writeBuffer.size(); #ifdef Q_OS_WIN size += d->pipeWriterBytesToWrite(); #endif return size; } /*! Returns the type of error that occurred last. \sa state() */ QProcess::ProcessError QProcess::error() const { Q_D(const QProcess); return d->processError; } /*! Returns the current state of the process. \sa stateChanged(), error() */ QProcess::ProcessState QProcess::state() const { Q_D(const QProcess); return d->processState; } /*! Sets the environment that QProcess will use when starting a process to the \a environment specified which consists of a list of key=value pairs. For example, the following code adds the \c{C:\\BIN} directory to the list of executable paths (\c{PATHS}) on Windows: \snippet doc/src/snippets/qprocess-environment/main.cpp 0 \sa environment(), systemEnvironment() */ void QProcess::setEnvironment(const QStringList &environment) { Q_D(QProcess); d->environment = environment; } /*! Returns the environment that QProcess will use when starting a process, or an empty QStringList if no environment has been set using setEnvironment(). If no environment has been set, the environment of the calling process will be used. \note The environment settings are ignored on Windows CE and Symbian, as there is no concept of an environment. \sa setEnvironment(), systemEnvironment() */ QStringList QProcess::environment() const { Q_D(const QProcess); return d->environment; } /*! Blocks until the process has started and the started() signal has been emitted, or until \a msecs milliseconds have passed. Returns true if the process was started successfully; otherwise returns false (if the operation timed out or if an error occurred). This function can operate without an event loop. It is useful when writing non-GUI applications and when performing I/O operations in a non-GUI thread. \warning Calling this function from the main (GUI) thread might cause your user interface to freeze. If msecs is -1, this function will not time out. \sa started(), waitForReadyRead(), waitForBytesWritten(), waitForFinished() */ bool QProcess::waitForStarted(int msecs) { Q_D(QProcess); if (d->processState == QProcess::Starting) { if (!d->waitForStarted(msecs)) return false; setProcessState(QProcess::Running); emit started(); } return d->processState == QProcess::Running; } /*! \reimp */ bool QProcess::waitForReadyRead(int msecs) { Q_D(QProcess); if (d->processState == QProcess::NotRunning) return false; if (d->processChannel == QProcess::StandardOutput && d->stdoutChannel.closed) return false; if (d->processChannel == QProcess::StandardError && d->stderrChannel.closed) return false; return d->waitForReadyRead(msecs); } /*! \reimp */ bool QProcess::waitForBytesWritten(int msecs) { Q_D(QProcess); if (d->processState == QProcess::NotRunning) return false; if (d->processState == QProcess::Starting) { QTime stopWatch; stopWatch.start(); bool started = waitForStarted(msecs); if (!started) return false; if (msecs != -1) msecs -= stopWatch.elapsed(); } return d->waitForBytesWritten(msecs); } /*! Blocks until the process has finished and the finished() signal has been emitted, or until \a msecs milliseconds have passed. Returns true if the process finished; otherwise returns false (if the operation timed out or if an error occurred). This function can operate without an event loop. It is useful when writing non-GUI applications and when performing I/O operations in a non-GUI thread. \warning Calling this function from the main (GUI) thread might cause your user interface to freeze. If msecs is -1, this function will not time out. \sa finished(), waitForStarted(), waitForReadyRead(), waitForBytesWritten() */ bool QProcess::waitForFinished(int msecs) { Q_D(QProcess); if (d->processState == QProcess::NotRunning) return false; if (d->processState == QProcess::Starting) { QTime stopWatch; stopWatch.start(); bool started = waitForStarted(msecs); if (!started) return false; if (msecs != -1) msecs -= stopWatch.elapsed(); } return d->waitForFinished(msecs); } /*! Sets the current state of the QProcess to the \a state specified. \sa state() */ void QProcess::setProcessState(ProcessState state) { Q_D(QProcess); if (d->processState == state) return; d->processState = state; emit stateChanged(state); } /*! This function is called in the child process context just before the program is executed on Unix or Mac OS X (i.e., after \e fork(), but before \e execve()). Reimplement this function to do last minute initialization of the child process. Example: \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/src_corelib_io_qprocess.cpp 4 You cannot exit the process (by calling exit(), for instance) from this function. If you need to stop the program before it starts execution, your workaround is to emit finished() and then call exit(). \warning This function is called by QProcess on Unix and Mac OS X only. On Windows, it is not called. */ void QProcess::setupChildProcess() { } /*! \reimp */ qint64 QProcess::readData(char *data, qint64 maxlen) { Q_D(QProcess); QRingBuffer *readBuffer = (d->processChannel == QProcess::StandardError) ? &d->errorReadBuffer : &d->outputReadBuffer; if (maxlen == 1 && !readBuffer->isEmpty()) { int c = readBuffer->getChar(); if (c == -1) { #if defined QPROCESS_DEBUG qDebug("QProcess::readData(%p \"%s\", %d) == -1", data, qt_prettyDebug(data, 1, maxlen).constData(), 1); #endif return -1; } *data = (char) c; #if defined QPROCESS_DEBUG qDebug("QProcess::readData(%p \"%s\", %d) == 1", data, qt_prettyDebug(data, 1, maxlen).constData(), 1); #endif return 1; } qint64 bytesToRead = qint64(qMin(readBuffer->size(), (int)maxlen)); qint64 readSoFar = 0; while (readSoFar < bytesToRead) { const char *ptr = readBuffer->readPointer(); int bytesToReadFromThisBlock = qMin(bytesToRead - readSoFar, readBuffer->nextDataBlockSize()); memcpy(data + readSoFar, ptr, bytesToReadFromThisBlock); readSoFar += bytesToReadFromThisBlock; readBuffer->free(bytesToReadFromThisBlock); } #if defined QPROCESS_DEBUG qDebug("QProcess::readData(%p \"%s\", %lld) == %lld", data, qt_prettyDebug(data, readSoFar, 16).constData(), maxlen, readSoFar); #endif if (!readSoFar && d->processState == QProcess::NotRunning) return -1; // EOF return readSoFar; } /*! \reimp */ qint64 QProcess::writeData(const char *data, qint64 len) { Q_D(QProcess); #if defined(Q_OS_WINCE) Q_UNUSED(data); Q_UNUSED(len); d->processError = QProcess::WriteError; setErrorString(tr("Error writing to process")); emit error(d->processError); return -1; #endif if (d->stdinChannel.closed) { #if defined QPROCESS_DEBUG qDebug("QProcess::writeData(%p \"%s\", %lld) == 0 (write channel closing)", data, qt_prettyDebug(data, len, 16).constData(), len); #endif return 0; } if (len == 1) { d->writeBuffer.putChar(*data); if (d->stdinChannel.notifier) d->stdinChannel.notifier->setEnabled(true); #if defined QPROCESS_DEBUG qDebug("QProcess::writeData(%p \"%s\", %lld) == 1 (written to buffer)", data, qt_prettyDebug(data, len, 16).constData(), len); #endif return 1; } char *dest = d->writeBuffer.reserve(len); memcpy(dest, data, len); if (d->stdinChannel.notifier) d->stdinChannel.notifier->setEnabled(true); #if defined QPROCESS_DEBUG qDebug("QProcess::writeData(%p \"%s\", %lld) == %lld (written to buffer)", data, qt_prettyDebug(data, len, 16).constData(), len, len); #endif return len; } /*! Regardless of the current read channel, this function returns all data available from the standard output of the process as a QByteArray. \sa readyReadStandardOutput(), readAllStandardError(), readChannel(), setReadChannel() */ QByteArray QProcess::readAllStandardOutput() { ProcessChannel tmp = readChannel(); setReadChannel(StandardOutput); QByteArray data = readAll(); setReadChannel(tmp); return data; } /*! Regardless of the current read channel, this function returns all data available from the standard error of the process as a QByteArray. \sa readyReadStandardError(), readAllStandardOutput(), readChannel(), setReadChannel() */ QByteArray QProcess::readAllStandardError() { ProcessChannel tmp = readChannel(); setReadChannel(StandardError); QByteArray data = readAll(); setReadChannel(tmp); return data; } /*! Starts the program \a program in a new process, if one is not already running, passing the command line arguments in \a arguments. The OpenMode is set to \a mode. The QProcess object will immediately enter the Starting state. If the process starts successfully, QProcess will emit started(); otherwise, error() will be emitted. If the QProcess object is already running a process, a warning may be printed at the console, and the existing process will continue running. Note that arguments that contain spaces are not passed to the process as separate arguments. \bold{Windows:} Arguments that contain spaces are wrapped in quotes. \note Processes are started asynchronously, which means the started() and error() signals may be delayed. Call waitForStarted() to make sure the process has started (or has failed to start) and those signals have been emitted. \sa pid(), started(), waitForStarted() */ void QProcess::start(const QString &program, const QStringList &arguments, OpenMode mode) { Q_D(QProcess); if (d->processState != NotRunning) { qWarning("QProcess::start: Process is already running"); return; } #if defined QPROCESS_DEBUG qDebug() << "QProcess::start(" << program << "," << arguments << "," << mode << ")"; #endif d->outputReadBuffer.clear(); d->errorReadBuffer.clear(); if (d->stdinChannel.type != QProcessPrivate::Channel::Normal) mode &= ~WriteOnly; // not open for writing if (d->stdoutChannel.type != QProcessPrivate::Channel::Normal && (d->stderrChannel.type != QProcessPrivate::Channel::Normal || d->processChannelMode == MergedChannels)) mode &= ~ReadOnly; // not open for reading if (mode == 0) mode = Unbuffered; QIODevice::open(mode); d->stdinChannel.closed = false; d->stdoutChannel.closed = false; d->stderrChannel.closed = false; d->program = program; d->arguments = arguments; d->exitCode = 0; d->exitStatus = NormalExit; d->processError = QProcess::UnknownError; d->errorString.clear(); d->startProcess(); } static QStringList parseCombinedArgString(const QString &program) { QStringList args; QString tmp; int quoteCount = 0; bool inQuote = false; // handle quoting. tokens can be surrounded by double quotes // "hello world". three consecutive double quotes represent // the quote character itself. for (int i = 0; i < program.size(); ++i) { if (program.at(i) == QLatin1Char('"')) { ++quoteCount; if (quoteCount == 3) { // third consecutive quote quoteCount = 0; tmp += program.at(i); } continue; } if (quoteCount) { if (quoteCount == 1) inQuote = !inQuote; quoteCount = 0; } if (!inQuote && program.at(i).isSpace()) { if (!tmp.isEmpty()) { args += tmp; tmp.clear(); } } else { tmp += program.at(i); } } if (!tmp.isEmpty()) args += tmp; return args; } /*! \overload Starts the program \a program in a new process, if one is not already running. \a program is a single string of text containing both the program name and its arguments. The arguments are separated by one or more spaces. For example: \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/src_corelib_io_qprocess.cpp 5 The \a program string can also contain quotes, to ensure that arguments containing spaces are correctly supplied to the new process. For example: \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/src_corelib_io_qprocess.cpp 6 If the QProcess object is already running a process, a warning may be printed at the console, and the existing process will continue running. Note that, on Windows, quotes need to be both escaped and quoted. For example, the above code would be specified in the following way to ensure that \c{"My Documents"} is used as the argument to the \c dir executable: \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/src_corelib_io_qprocess.cpp 7 The OpenMode is set to \a mode. */ void QProcess::start(const QString &program, OpenMode mode) { QStringList args = parseCombinedArgString(program); if (args.isEmpty()) { Q_D(QProcess); d->processError = QProcess::FailedToStart; setErrorString(tr("No program defined")); emit error(d->processError); return; } QString prog = args.first(); args.removeFirst(); start(prog, args, mode); } /*! Attempts to terminate the process. The process may not exit as a result of calling this function (it is given the chance to prompt the user for any unsaved files, etc). On Windows, terminate() posts a WM_CLOSE message to all toplevel windows of the process and then to the main thread of the process itself. On Unix and Mac OS X the SIGTERM signal is sent. Console applications on Windows that do not run an event loop, or whose event loop does not handle the WM_CLOSE message, can only be terminated by calling kill(). \note Terminating running processes from other processes will typically cause a panic in Symbian due to platform security. \sa kill() */ void QProcess::terminate() { Q_D(QProcess); d->terminateProcess(); } /*! Kills the current process, causing it to exit immediately. On Windows, kill() uses TerminateProcess, and on Unix and Mac OS X, the SIGKILL signal is sent to the process. \note Killing running processes from other processes will typically cause a panic in Symbian due to platform security. \sa terminate() */ void QProcess::kill() { Q_D(QProcess); d->killProcess(); } /*! Returns the exit code of the last process that finished. */ int QProcess::exitCode() const { Q_D(const QProcess); return d->exitCode; } /*! \since 4.1 Returns the exit status of the last process that finished. On Windows, if the process was terminated with TerminateProcess() from another application this function will still return NormalExit unless the exit code is less than 0. */ QProcess::ExitStatus QProcess::exitStatus() const { Q_D(const QProcess); return d->exitStatus; } /*! Starts the program \a program with the arguments \a arguments in a new process, waits for it to finish, and then returns the exit code of the process. Any data the new process writes to the console is forwarded to the calling process. The environment and working directory are inherited by the calling process. On Windows, arguments that contain spaces are wrapped in quotes. */ int QProcess::execute(const QString &program, const QStringList &arguments) { QProcess process; process.setReadChannelMode(ForwardedChannels); process.start(program, arguments); process.waitForFinished(-1); return process.exitCode(); } /*! \overload Starts the program \a program in a new process. \a program is a single string of text containing both the program name and its arguments. The arguments are separated by one or more spaces. */ int QProcess::execute(const QString &program) { QProcess process; process.setReadChannelMode(ForwardedChannels); process.start(program); process.waitForFinished(-1); return process.exitCode(); } /*! Starts the program \a program with the arguments \a arguments in a new process, and detaches from it. Returns true on success; otherwise returns false. If the calling process exits, the detached process will continue to live. Note that arguments that contain spaces are not passed to the process as separate arguments. \bold{Unix:} The started process will run in its own session and act like a daemon. \bold{Windows:} Arguments that contain spaces are wrapped in quotes. The started process will run as a regular standalone process. The process will be started in the directory \a workingDirectory. If the function is successful then *\a pid is set to the process identifier of the started process. */ bool QProcess::startDetached(const QString &program, const QStringList &arguments, const QString &workingDirectory, qint64 *pid) { return QProcessPrivate::startDetached(program, arguments, workingDirectory, pid); } /*! Starts the program \a program with the given \a arguments in a new process, and detaches from it. Returns true on success; otherwise returns false. If the calling process exits, the detached process will continue to live. Note that arguments that contain spaces are not passed to the process as separate arguments. \bold{Unix:} The started process will run in its own session and act like a daemon. \bold{Windows:} Arguments that contain spaces are wrapped in quotes. The started process will run as a regular standalone process. */ bool QProcess::startDetached(const QString &program, const QStringList &arguments) { return QProcessPrivate::startDetached(program, arguments); } /*! \overload Starts the program \a program in a new process. \a program is a single string of text containing both the program name and its arguments. The arguments are separated by one or more spaces. The \a program string can also contain quotes, to ensure that arguments containing spaces are correctly supplied to the new process. */ bool QProcess::startDetached(const QString &program) { QStringList args = parseCombinedArgString(program); if (args.isEmpty()) return false; QString prog = args.first(); args.removeFirst(); return QProcessPrivate::startDetached(prog, args); } QT_BEGIN_INCLUDE_NAMESPACE #ifdef Q_OS_MAC # include # define environ (*_NSGetEnviron()) #elif defined(Q_OS_WINCE) || defined(Q_OS_SYMBIAN) static char *qt_empty_environ[] = { 0 }; #define environ qt_empty_environ #elif !defined(Q_OS_WIN) extern char **environ; #endif QT_END_INCLUDE_NAMESPACE /*! \since 4.1 Returns the environment of the calling process as a list of key=value pairs. Example: \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/src_corelib_io_qprocess.cpp 8 \sa environment(), setEnvironment() */ QStringList QProcess::systemEnvironment() { QStringList tmp; char *entry = 0; int count = 0; while ((entry = environ[count++])) tmp << QString::fromLocal8Bit(entry); return tmp; } /*! \typedef Q_PID \relates QProcess Typedef for the identifiers used to represent processes on the underlying platform. On Unix, this corresponds to \l qint64; on Windows, it corresponds to \c{_PROCESS_INFORMATION*}. \sa QProcess::pid() */ QT_END_NAMESPACE #include "moc_qprocess.cpp" #endif // QT_NO_PROCESS