1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
|
/****************************************************************************
**
** Copyright (C) 2010 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies).
** All rights reserved.
** Contact: Nokia Corporation (qt-info@nokia.com)
**
** This file is part of the documentation of the Qt Toolkit.
**
** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:FDL$
** Commercial Usage
** Licensees holding valid Qt Commercial licenses may use this file in
** accordance with the Qt Commercial License Agreement provided with the
** Software or, alternatively, in accordance with the terms contained in a
** written agreement between you and Nokia.
**
** GNU Free Documentation License
** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Free
** Documentation License version 1.3 as published by the Free Software
** Foundation and appearing in the file included in the packaging of this
** file.
**
** If you have questions regarding the use of this file, please contact
** Nokia at qt-info@nokia.com.
** $QT_END_LICENSE$
**
****************************************************************************/
/*!
\page qdeclarativeanimation.html
\title QML Animation
Animation in QML is done by animating properties of objects. Properties of type
real, int, color, rect, point, size, and vector3d can all be animated.
QML supports three main forms of animation: basic property animation,
transitions, and property behaviors.
\tableofcontents
\section1 Basic Property Animation
The simplest form of animation is a \l PropertyAnimation, which can animate all of the property
types listed above. If the property you are animating is a number or color, you can alternatively use
NumberAnimation or ColorAnimation. These elements don't add any additional functionality,
but will help enforce type correctness and are slightly more efficient.
A property animation can be specified as a value source using the \e Animation \bold on \e property syntax. This is especially useful
for repeating animations.
The following example creates a bouncing effect:
\snippet doc/src/snippets/declarative/animation.qml property-anim-1
\image propanim.gif
When you assign an animation as a value source, you do not need to specify \c property
or \c target values; they are automatically selected for you. You do, however, need to specify a \c to value.
An animation specified as a value source will be \c running by default.
For example, here is a rectangle that uses a \l NumberAnimation value source to animate the movement
from its current position to an \c x value of 50. The animation starts immediately, and only the \c to
property is required:
\snippet doc/src/snippets/declarative/animation.qml property-anim-2
A property animation can also be specified as a resource that is manipulated from script.
\snippet doc/src/snippets/declarative/animation.qml property-anim-3
As can be seen, when an animation is used like this (as opposed to as a value source) you will need
to explicitly set the \c target and \c property to animate. This also the only case where
an animation needs to be started explictly by either setting the \c running property to
true or calling the \c start() method.
Animations can be joined into a group using SequentialAnimation and ParallelAnimation.
See the \l {declarative/animation/basics}{Animation basics example} for a demonstration of creating and combining multiple animations in QML.
\target state-transitions
\section1 Transitions
\l Transition elements describe the animations to perform when \l{qmlstates}{state} changes occur. A transition
can only be triggered by a state change.
For example, a \l Transition could describe how an item moves from its initial position to its new position:
\snippet doc/src/snippets/declarative/animation.qml transitions-1
As can be seen, transitions make use of the same basic animation classes introduced above.
In the above example we have specified that we want to animate the \c x and \c y properties, but have not
specified the objects to animate or the \c to values. By default these values are supplied by the framework;
the animation will animate any \c targets whose \c x and \c y have changed, and the \c to values will be those
defined in the end state. You can always supply explicit values to override these implicit values when needed.
\snippet doc/src/snippets/declarative/animation.qml transitions-2
QML transitions have selectors to determine which state changes a transition should apply to.
The following transition will only be triggered when we enter into the \c "details" state.
(The "*" value is a wildcard value that specifies the transition should be applied when changing
from \e any state to the "details" state.)
\code
Transition {
from: "*"
to: "details"
...
}
\endcode
Transitions can happen in parallel, in sequence, or in any combination of the two. By default, the top-level
animations in a transition will happen in parallel. The following example shows a rather complex transition
making use of both sequential and parallel animations:
\snippet doc/src/snippets/declarative/animation.qml transitions-3
See \l {declarative/animation/states}{States and Transitions example} for a simple example of how transitions can be applied.
\section1 Property Behaviors
A property \l {Behavior}{behavior} specifies a default animation to run whenever the property's value changes, regardless
of what caused the change. The \c enabled property can be used to force a \l Behavior
to only apply under certain circumstances.
In the following snippet, we specify that we want the \c x position of \c redRect to be animated
whenever it changes. The animation will last 300 milliseconds and use an \l{PropertyAnimation::easing.type}{Easing.InOutQuad} easing curve.
\snippet doc/src/snippets/declarative/animation.qml behavior
Like using an animation as a value source, when used in a \l Behavior and animation does not need to specify
a \c target or \c property.
To trigger this behavior, we could enter a state that changes \c x:
\qml
State {
name: "myState"
PropertyChanges {
target: redRect
x: 200
...
}
}
\endqml
Or, update \c x from a script:
\qml
MouseArea {
....
onClicked: redRect.x = 24;
}
\endqml
If \c x were bound to another property, triggering the binding would also trigger the behavior.
If a state change has a transition animation matching a property with a \l Behavior, the transition animation
will override the \l Behavior for that state change.
The \l {declarative/animation/behaviors}{Behaviors example} shows how behaviors can be used to provide animations.
*/
|
