1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
|
/****************************************************************************
**
** Copyright (C) 2009 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies).
** Contact: Nokia Corporation (qt-info@nokia.com)
**
** This file is part of the documentation of the Qt Toolkit.
**
** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:LGPL$
** No Commercial Usage
** This file contains pre-release code and may not be distributed.
** You may use this file in accordance with the terms and conditions
** contained in the either Technology Preview License Agreement or the
** Beta Release License Agreement.
**
** GNU Lesser General Public License Usage
** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Lesser
** General Public License version 2.1 as published by the Free Software
** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.LGPL included in the
** packaging of this file. Please review the following information to
** ensure the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1 requirements
** will be met: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.1.html.
**
** In addition, as a special exception, Nokia gives you certain
** additional rights. These rights are described in the Nokia Qt LGPL
** Exception version 1.0, included in the file LGPL_EXCEPTION.txt in this
** package.
**
** GNU General Public License Usage
** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU
** General Public License version 3.0 as published by the Free Software
** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.GPL included in the
** packaging of this file. Please review the following information to
** ensure the GNU General Public License version 3.0 requirements will be
** met: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html.
**
** If you are unsure which license is appropriate for your use, please
** contact the sales department at http://qt.nokia.com/contact.
** $QT_END_LICENSE$
**
****************************************************************************/
/*!
\example linguist/hellotr
\title Hello tr() Example
This example is a small Hello World program with a Latin translation. The
screenshot below shows the English version.
\image linguist-hellotr_en.png
See the \l{Qt Linguist manual} for more information about
translating Qt application.
\section1 Line by Line Walkthrough
\snippet examples/linguist/hellotr/main.cpp 0
This line includes the definition of the QTranslator class.
Objects of this class provide translations for user-visible text.
\snippet examples/linguist/hellotr/main.cpp 5
Creates a QTranslator object without a parent.
\snippet examples/linguist/hellotr/main.cpp 6
Tries to load a file called \c hellotr_la.qm (the \c .qm file extension is
implicit) that contains Latin translations for the source texts used in
the program. No error will occur if the file is not found.
\snippet examples/linguist/hellotr/main.cpp 7
Adds the translations from \c hellotr_la.qm to the pool of translations used
by the program.
\snippet examples/linguist/hellotr/main.cpp 8
Creates a push button that displays "Hello world!". If \c hellotr_la.qm
was found and contains a translation for "Hello world!", the
translation appears; if not, the source text appears.
All classes that inherit QObject have a \c tr() function. Inside
a member function of a QObject class, we simply write \c tr("Hello
world!") instead of \c QPushButton::tr("Hello world!") or \c
QObject::tr("Hello world!").
\section1 Running the Application in English
Since we haven't made the translation file \c hellotr_la.qm, the source text
is shown when we run the application:
\image linguist-hellotr_en.png
\section1 Creating a Latin Message File
The first step is to create a project file, \c hellotr.pro, that lists
all the source files for the project. The project file can be a qmake
project file, or even an ordinary makefile. Any file that contains
\snippet examples/linguist/hellotr/hellotr.pro 0
\snippet examples/linguist/hellotr/hellotr.pro 1
will work. \c TRANSLATIONS specifies the message files we want to
maintain. In this example, we just maintain one set of translations,
namely Latin.
Note that the file extension is \c .ts, not \c .qm. The \c .ts
translation source format is designed for use during the
application's development. Programmers or release managers run
the \c lupdate program to generate and update \c .ts files with
the source text that is extracted from the source code.
Translators read and update the \c .ts files using \e {Qt
Linguist} adding and editing their translations.
The \c .ts format is human-readable XML that can be emailed directly
and is easy to put under version control. If you edit this file
manually, be aware that the default encoding for XML is UTF-8, not
Latin1 (ISO 8859-1). One way to type in a Latin1 character such as
'\oslash' (Norwegian o with slash) is to use an XML entity:
"\ø". This will work for any Unicode 4.0 character.
Once the translations are complete the \c lrelease program is used to
convert the \c .ts files into the \c .qm Qt message file format. The
\c .qm format is a compact binary format designed to deliver very
fast lookup performance. Both \c lupdate and \c lrelease read all the
project's source and header files (as specified in the HEADERS and
SOURCES lines of the project file) and extract the strings that
appear in \c tr() function calls.
\c lupdate is used to create and update the message files (\c hellotr_la.ts
in this case) to keep them in sync with the source code. It is safe to
run \c lupdate at any time, as \c lupdate does not remove any
information. For example, you can put it in the makefile, so the \c .ts
files are updated whenever the source changes.
Try running \c lupdate right now, like this:
\snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_examples_hellotr.qdoc 0
(The \c -verbose option instructs \c lupdate to display messages that
explain what it is doing.) You should now have a file \c hellotr_la.ts in
the current directory, containing this:
\snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_examples_hellotr.qdoc 1
You don't need to understand the file format since it is read and
updated using tools (\c lupdate, \e {Qt Linguist}, \c lrelease).
\section1 Translating to Latin with Qt Linguist
We will use \e {Qt Linguist} to provide the translation, although
you can use any XML or plain text editor to enter a translation into a
\c .ts file.
To start \e {Qt Linguist}, type
\snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_examples_hellotr.qdoc 2
You should now see the text "QPushButton" in the top left pane.
Double-click it, then click on "Hello world!" and enter "Orbis, te
saluto!" in the \gui Translation pane (the middle right of the
window). Don't forget the exclamation mark!
Click the \gui Done checkbox and choose \gui File|Save from the
menu bar. The \c .ts file will no longer contain
\snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_examples_hellotr.qdoc 3
but instead will have
\snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_examples_hellotr.qdoc 4
\section1 Running the Application in Latin
To see the application running in Latin, we have to generate a \c .qm
file from the \c .ts file. Generating a \c .qm file can be achieved
either from within \e {Qt Linguist} (for a single \c .ts file), or
by using the command line program \c lrelease which will produce one \c
.qm file for each of the \c .ts files listed in the project file.
Generate \c hellotr_la.qm from \c hellotr_la.ts by choosing
\gui File|Release from \e {Qt Linguist}'s menu bar and pressing
\gui Save in the file save dialog that pops up. Now run the \c hellotr
program again. This time the button will be labelled "Orbis, te
saluto!".
\image linguist-hellotr_la.png
*/
|
