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/****************************************************************************
**
** Copyright (C) 2010 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies).
** All rights reserved.
** Contact: Nokia Corporation (qt-info@nokia.com)
**
** This file is part of the documentation of the Qt Toolkit.
**
** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:FDL$
** Commercial Usage
** Licensees holding valid Qt Commercial licenses may use this file in
** accordance with the Qt Commercial License Agreement provided with the
** Software or, alternatively, in accordance with the terms contained in a
** written agreement between you and Nokia.
**
** GNU Free Documentation License
** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Free
** Documentation License version 1.3 as published by the Free Software
** Foundation and appearing in the file included in the packaging of this
** file.
**
** If you have questions regarding the use of this file, please contact
** Nokia at qt-info@nokia.com.
** $QT_END_LICENSE$
**
****************************************************************************/
/*!
\class Q3ValueVector
\brief The Q3ValueVector class is a value-based template class that provides a dynamic array.
\compat
Q3ValueVector is a Qt implementation of an STL-like vector
container. It can be used in your application if the standard \c
vector is not available for your target platforms.
Q3ValueVector\<T\> defines a template instance to create a vector
of values that all have the class T. Q3ValueVector does not store
pointers to the members of the vector; it holds a copy of every
member. Q3ValueVector is said to be value based; in contrast,
Q3PtrList and Q3Dict are pointer based.
Q3ValueVector contains and manages a collection of objects of type
T and provides random access iterators that allow the contained
objects to be addressed. Q3ValueVector owns the contained
elements. For more relaxed ownership semantics, see Q3PtrCollection
and friends, which are pointer-based containers.
Q3ValueVector provides good performance if you append or remove
elements from the end of the vector. If you insert or remove
elements from anywhere but the end, performance is very bad. The
reason for this is that elements must to be copied into new
positions.
Some classes cannot be used within a Q3ValueVector: for example,
all classes derived from QObject and thus all classes that
implement widgets. Only values can be used in a Q3ValueVector. To
qualify as a value the class must provide:
\list
\i a copy constructor;
\i an assignment operator;
\i a default constructor, i.e., a constructor that does not take any arguments.
\endlist
Note that C++ defaults to field-by-field assignment operators and
copy constructors if no explicit version is supplied. In many
cases this is sufficient.
Q3ValueVector uses an STL-like syntax to manipulate and address the
objects it contains.
Example:
\snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_q3valuevector.qdoc 0
Program output:
\snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_q3valuevector.qdoc 1
As you can see, the most recent change to Joe's salary did not
affect the value in the vector because the vector created a copy
of Joe's entry.
Many Qt functions return const value vectors; to iterate over
these you should make a copy and iterate over the copy.
There are several ways to find items in the vector. The begin()
and end() functions return iterators to the beginning and end of
the vector. The advantage of getting an iterator is that you can
move forward or backward from this position by
incrementing/decrementing the iterator. The iterator returned by
end() points to the element which is one past the last element in
the container. The past-the-end iterator is still associated with
the vector it belongs to, however it is \e not dereferenceable;
operator*() will not return a well-defined value. If the vector is
empty(), the iterator returned by begin() will equal the iterator
returned by end().
The fastest way to access an element of a vector is by using
operator[]. This function provides random access and will return
a reference to the element located at the specified index. Thus,
you can access every element directly, in constant time, providing
you know the location of the element. It is undefined to access
an element that does not exist (your application will probably
crash). For example:
\snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_q3valuevector.qdoc 2
Whenever inserting, removing or referencing elements in a vector,
always make sure you are referring to valid positions. For
example:
\snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_q3valuevector.qdoc 3
The iterators provided by vector are random access iterators,
therefore you can use them with many generic algorithms, for
example, algorithms provided by the STL.
It is safe to have multiple iterators on the vector at the same
time. Since Q3ValueVector manages memory dynamically, all iterators
can become invalid if a memory reallocation occurs. For example,
if some member of the vector is removed, iterators that point to
the removed element and to all following elements become
invalidated. Inserting into the middle of the vector will
invalidate all iterators. For convenience, the function back()
returns a reference to the last element in the vector, and front()
returns a reference to the first element. If the vector is
empty(), both back() and front() have undefined behavior (your
application will crash or do unpredictable things). Use back() and
front() with caution, for example:
\snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_q3valuevector.qdoc 4
Because Q3ValueVector manages memory dynamically, it is recommended
that you contruct a vector with an initial size. Inserting and
removing elements happens fastest when:
\list
\i Inserting or removing elements happens at the end() of the
vector;
\i The vector does not need to allocate additional memory.
\endlist
By creating a Q3ValueVector with a sufficiently large initial size,
there will be less memory allocations. Do not use an initial size
that is too big, since it will still take time to construct all
the empty entries, and the extra space will be wasted if it is
never used.
Because Q3ValueVector is value-based there is no need to be careful
about deleting elements in the vector. The vector holds its own
copies and will free them if the corresponding member or the
vector itself is deleted. You can force the vector to free all of
its items with clear().
Q3ValueVector is shared implicitly, which means it can be copied in
constant time. If multiple Q3ValueVector instances share the same
data and one needs to modify its contents, this modifying instance
makes a copy and modifies its private copy; it thus does not
affect the other instances. This is often called "copy on write".
If a Q3ValueVector is being used in a multi-threaded program, you
must protect all access to the vector. See QMutex.
There are several ways to insert elements into the vector. The
push_back() function insert elements into the end of the vector,
and is usually fastest. The insert() function can be used to add
elements at specific positions within the vector.
Items can be also be removed from the vector in several ways.
There are several variants of the erase() function which removes a
specific element, or range of elements, from the vector.
Q3ValueVector stores its elements in contiguous memory. This means
that you can use a Q3ValueVector in any situation that requires an
array.
*/
/*!
\fn Q3ValueVector::Q3ValueVector()
Constructs an empty vector without any elements. To create a
vector which reserves an initial amount of space for elements, use
\c Q3ValueVector(size_type n).
*/
/*!
\fn Q3ValueVector::Q3ValueVector( const Q3ValueVector<T>& v )
Constructs a copy of \a v.
This operation costs O(1) time because Q3ValueVector is implicitly
shared.
The first modification to the vector does takes O(n) time, because
the elements must be copied.
*/
/*!
\fn Q3ValueVector::Q3ValueVector( const std::vector<T>& v )
This operation costs O(n) time because \a v is copied.
*/
/*!
\fn Q3ValueVector::Q3ValueVector( QVector<T>::size_type n, const T& val )
Constructs a vector with an initial size of \a n elements. Each
element is initialized with the value of \a val.
*/
/*!
\fn Q3ValueVector<T>& Q3ValueVector::operator=( const Q3ValueVector<T>& v )
Assigns \a v to this vector and returns a reference to this vector.
All iterators of the current vector become invalidated by this
operation. The cost of such an assignment is O(1) since
Q3ValueVector is implicitly shared.
*/
/*!
\fn Q3ValueVector<T>& Q3ValueVector::operator=( const std::vector<T>& v )
\overload
Assigns \a v to this vector and returns a reference to this vector.
All iterators of the current vector become invalidated by this
operation. The cost of this assignment is O(n) since \a v is
copied.
*/
/*!
\fn T &Q3ValueVector::at( int i , bool* ok )
Returns a reference to the element with index \a i. If \a ok is
non-null, and the index \a i is out of range, *\a ok is set to
FALSE and the returned reference is undefined. If the index \a i
is within the range of the vector, and \a ok is non-null, *\a ok
is set to TRUE and the returned reference is well defined.
*/
/*!
\fn const T &Q3ValueVector::at( int i , bool* ok ) const
\overload
Returns a const reference to the element with index \a i. If \a ok
is non-null, and the index \a i is out of range, *\a ok is set to
FALSE and the returned reference is undefined. If the index \a i
is within the range of the vector, and \a ok is non-null, *\a ok
is set to TRUE and the returned reference is well defined.
*/
/*!
\fn void Q3ValueVector::resize( int n, const T& val = T() )
Changes the size of the vector to \a n. If \a n is greater than
the current size(), elements are added to the end and initialized
with the value of \a val. If \a n is less than size(), elements
are removed from the end. If \a n is equal to size() nothing
happens.
*/
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