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<?xml version='1.0'?>
<!DOCTYPE sconsdoc [
<!ENTITY % scons SYSTEM "../scons.mod">
%scons;
<!ENTITY % builders-mod SYSTEM "../generated/builders.mod">
%builders-mod;
<!ENTITY % functions-mod SYSTEM "../generated/functions.mod">
%functions-mod;
<!ENTITY % tools-mod SYSTEM "../generated/tools.mod">
%tools-mod;
<!ENTITY % variables-mod SYSTEM "../generated/variables.mod">
%variables-mod;
]>
<chapter id="chap-builders-built-in"
xmlns="http://www.scons.org/dbxsd/v1.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.scons.org/dbxsd/v1.0 scons.xsd">
<title>Built-In Builders</title>
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<para>
&SCons; provides the ability to build a lot of different
types of files right "out of the box."
So far, we've been using &SCons;' ability to build
programs, objects and libraries to
illustrate much of the underlying functionality of &SCons;
This section will describe all of the different
types of files that you can build with &SCons;,
and the built-in &Builder; objects used to build them.
By default, all of the &Builder; objects in this section
can be built either with or without an explicit
construction environment.
</para>
<section>
<title>Programs: the &Program; Builder</title>
<para>
As we've seen, the &b-link-Program; Builder
is used to build an executable program.
The &source; argument is one or more
source-code files or object files,
and the ⌖ argument is the
name of the executable program name to be created.
For example:
</para>
<programlisting>
Program('prog', 'file1.o')
</programlisting>
<para>
Will create the &prog;
executable on a POSIX system,
the &prog_exe; executable on a Windows system.
</para>
<para>
The target file's prefix and suffix may be omitted,
and the values from the
&cv-link-PROGPREFIX;
and
&cv-link-PROGSUFFIX;
construction variables
will be appended appropriately.
For example:
</para>
<programlisting>
env = Environment(PROGPREFIX='my', PROGSUFFIX='.xxx')
env.Program('prog', ['file1.o', 'file2.o'])
</programlisting>
<para>
Will create a program named
<filename>myprog.xxx</filename>
regardless of the system on which it is run.
</para>
<para>
If you omit the ⌖,
the base of the first input
file name specified
becomes the base of the target
program created.
For example:
</para>
<programlisting>
Program(['hello.c', 'goodbye.c'])
</programlisting>
<para>
Will create the &hello;
executable on a POSIX system,
the &hello_exe; executable on a Windows system.
</para>
<para>
Two construction variables control what libraries
will be linked with the resulting program.
The &cv-link-LIBS; variable is a list of the names of
libraries that will be linked into any programs,
and the &cv-link-LIBPATH; variables is a list of
directories that will be searched for
the specified libraries.
&SCons; will construct the right command-line
options for the running system.
For example:
</para>
<scons_example name="libs">
<file name="SConstruct" printme="1">
env = Environment(LIBS = ['foo1', 'foo2'],
LIBPATH = ['/usr/dir1', 'dir2'])
env.Program(['hello.c', 'goodbye.c'])
</file>
<file name="hello.c">
int hello() { printf("Hello, world!\n"); }
</file>
<file name="goodbye.c">
int goodbye() { printf("Goodbye, world!\n"); }
</file>
</scons_example>
<para>
Will execute as follows on a POSIX system:
</para>
<scons_output example="libs" os="posix">
<scons_output_command>scons -Q</scons_output_command>
</scons_output>
<para>
And execute as follows on a Windows system:
</para>
<scons_output example="libs" os="win32">
<scons_output_command>scons -Q</scons_output_command>
</scons_output>
<para>
The &cv-LIBS; construction variable
is turned into command line options
by appending the &cv-link-LIBLINKPREFIX; and &cv-link-LIBLINKSUFFIX;
construction variables to the beginning and end,
respectively, of each specified library.
</para>
<para>
The &cv-LIBPATH; construction variable
is turned into command line options
by appending the &cv-link-LIBDIRPREFIX; and &cv-link-LIBDIRSUFFIX;
construction variables to the beginning and end,
respectively, of each specified library.
</para>
<para>
Other relevant construction variables
include those used by the &b-link-Object;
builders to affect how the
source files specified as input to the &t-Program;
builders are turned into object files;
see the next section.
</para>
<para>
The command line used to control how a program is linked
is specified by the &cv-link-LINKCOM; construction variable.
By default, it uses the
&cv-link-LINK; construction variable
and the &cv-link-LINKFLAGS; construction variable.
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Object-File Builders</title>
<para>
&SCons; provides separate Builder objects
to create static and shared object files.
The distinction becomes especially important when
archiving object files into different types of libraries.
</para>
<section>
<title>The &StaticObject; Builder</title>
<para>
The &b-link-StaticObject; Builder
is used to build an object file
suitable for static linking into a program,
or for inclusion in a static library.
The &source; argument is a single source-code file,
and the ⌖ argument is the
name of the static object file to be created.
For example:
</para>
<programlisting>
StaticObject('file', 'file.c')
</programlisting>
<para>
Will create the &file_o;
object file on a POSIX system,
the &file_obj; executable on a Windows system.
</para>
<para>
The target file's prefix and suffix may be omitted,
and the values from the
&cv-link-OBJPREFIX;
and
&cv-link-OBJSUFFIX;
construction variables
will be appended appropriately.
For example:
</para>
<programlisting>
env = Environment(OBJPREFIX='my', OBJSUFFIX='.xxx')
env.StaticObject('file', 'file.c')
</programlisting>
<para>
Will create an object file named
<filename>myfile.xxx</filename>
regardless of the system on which it is run.
</para>
<para>
If you omit the ⌖,
the base of the first input
file name specified
beomces the base of the name
of the static object file to be created.
For example:
</para>
<programlisting>
StaticObject('file.c')
</programlisting>
<para>
Will create the &file_o;
executable on a POSIX system,
the &file_obj; executable on a Windows system.
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>The &SharedObject; Builder</title>
<para>
The &b-link-SharedObject; Builder
is used to build an object file
suitable for shared linking into a program,
or for inclusion in a shared library.
The &source; argument is a single source-code file,
and the ⌖ argument is the
name of the shared object file to be created.
For example:
</para>
<programlisting>
SharedObject('file', 'file.c')
</programlisting>
<para>
Will create the &file_o;
object file on a POSIX system,
the &file_obj; executable on a Windows system.
</para>
<para>
The target file's prefix and suffix may be omitted,
and the values from the
&cv-link-SHOBJPREFIX;
and
&cv-link-SHOBJSUFFIX;
construction variables
will be appended appropriately.
For example:
</para>
<programlisting>
env = Environment(SHOBJPREFIX='my', SHOBJSUFFIX='.xxx')
env.SharedObject('file', 'file.c')
</programlisting>
<para>
Will create an object file named
<filename>myfile.xxx</filename>
regardless of the system on which it is run.
</para>
<para>
If you omit the ⌖,
the base of the first input
file name specified
becomes the base of the name
of the shared object file to be created.
For example:
</para>
<programlisting>
SharedObject('file.c')
</programlisting>
<para>
Will create the &file_o;
executable on a POSIX system,
the &file_obj; executable on a Windows system.
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>The &Object; Builder</title>
<para>
The &b-link-Object; Builder is a synonym for &b-link-StaticObject;
and is completely equivalent.
</para>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<title>Library Builders</title>
<para>
&SCons; provides separate Builder objects
to create static and shared libraries.
</para>
<section>
<title>The &StaticLibrary; Builder</title>
<para>
The &b-link-StaticLibrary; Builder
is used to create a library
suitable for static linking into a program.
The &source; argument is one or more
source-code files or object files,
and the ⌖ argument is the
name of the static library to be created.
For example:
</para>
<programlisting>
StaticLibrary('foo', ['file1.c', 'file2.c'])
</programlisting>
<para>
The target file's prefix and suffix may be omitted,
and the values from the
&cv-link-LIBPREFIX;
and
&cv-link-LIBSUFFIX;
construction variables
will be appended appropriately.
For example:
</para>
<programlisting>
env = Environment(LIBPREFIX='my', LIBSUFFIX='.xxx')
env.StaticLibrary('lib', ['file1.o', 'file2.o'])
</programlisting>
<para>
Will create an object file named
<filename>mylib.xxx</filename>
regardless of the system on which it is run.
</para>
<programlisting>
StaticLibrary('foo', ['file1.c', 'file2.c'])
</programlisting>
<para>
If you omit the ⌖,
the base of the first input
file name specified
becomes the base of the name of the static object file to be created.
For example:
</para>
<programlisting>
StaticLibrary(['file.c', 'another.c'])
</programlisting>
<para>
Will create the &libfile_a;
library on a POSIX system,
the &file_lib; library on a Windows system.
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>The &SharedLibrary; Builder</title>
<para>
The &b-link-SharedLibrary; Builder
is used to create a shared library
suitable for linking with a program.
The &source; argument is one or more
source-code files or object files,
and the ⌖ argument is the
name of the shared library to be created.
For example:
</para>
<programlisting>
SharedLibrary('foo', ['file1.c', 'file2.c'])
</programlisting>
<para>
The target file's prefix and suffix may be omitted,
and the values from the
&cv-link-SHLIBPREFIX;
and
&cv-link-SHLIBSUFFIX;
construction variables
will be appended appropriately.
For example:
</para>
<programlisting>
env = Environment(SHLIBPREFIX='my', SHLIBSUFFIX='.xxx')
env.SharedLibrary('shared', ['file1.o', 'file2.o'])
</programlisting>
<para>
Will create an object file named
<filename>myshared.xxx</filename>
regardless of the system on which it is run.
</para>
<programlisting>
SharedLibrary('foo', ['file1.c', 'file2.c'])
</programlisting>
<para>
If you omit the ⌖,
the base of the first input
file name specified
becomes the base of the name of the shared library to be created.
For example:
</para>
<programlisting>
SharedLibrary(['file.c', 'another.c'])
</programlisting>
<para>
Will create the &libfile_so;
library on a POSIX system,
the &file_dll; library on a Windows system.
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>The &Library; Builder</title>
<para>
The &b-link-Library; Builder is a synonym for &b-link-StaticLibrary;
and is completely equivalent.
</para>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<title>Pre-Compiled Headers: the &PCH; Builder</title>
<para>
XXX PCH()
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Microsoft Visual C++ Resource Files: the &RES; Builder</title>
<para>
XXX RES()
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Source Files</title>
<para>
By default
&SCons; supports two Builder objects
that know how to build source files
from other input files.
These are typically invoked "internally"
to turn files that need preprocessing into other source files.
</para>
<section>
<title>The &CFile; Builder</title>
<para>
XXX CFile()
</para>
<programlisting>
XXX CFile() programlisting
</programlisting>
<screen>
XXX CFile() screen
</screen>
</section>
<section>
<title>The &CXXFile; Builder</title>
<para>
XXX CXXFILE()
</para>
<programlisting>
XXX CXXFILE() programlisting
</programlisting>
<screen>
XXX CXXFILE() screen
</screen>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<title>Documents</title>
<para>
&SCons; provides a number of Builder objects
for creating different types of documents.
</para>
<section>
<title>The &DVI; Builder</title>
<para>
XXX DVI() para
</para>
<programlisting>
XXX DVI() programlisting
</programlisting>
<screen>
XXX DVI() screen
</screen>
</section>
<section>
<title>The &PDF; Builder</title>
<para>
XXX PDF() para
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>The &PostScript; Builder</title>
<para>
XXX PostScript() para
</para>
<programlisting>
XXX PostScript() programlisting
</programlisting>
<screen>
XXX PostScript() screen
</screen>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<title>Archives</title>
<para>
&SCons; provides Builder objects
for creating two different types of archive files.
</para>
<section>
<title>The &Tar; Builder</title>
<para>
The &b-link-Tar; Builder object uses the &tar;
utility to create archives of files
and/or directory trees:
</para>
<scons_example name="ex1">
<file name="SConstruct" printme="1">
env = Environment()
env.Tar('out1.tar', ['file1', 'file2'])
env.Tar('out2', 'directory')
</file>
<file name="file1">
file1
</file>
<file name="file2">
file2
</file>
<file name="directory/file3">
directory/file3
</file>
</scons_example>
<scons_output example="ex1" os="posix">
<scons_output_command>scons -Q .</scons_output_command>
</scons_output>
<para>
One common requirement when creating a &tar; archive
is to create a compressed archive using the
<option>-z</option> option.
This is easily handled by specifying
the value of the &cv-link-TARFLAGS; variable
when you create the construction environment.
Note, however, that the <option>-c</option> used to
to instruct &tar; to create the archive
is part of the default value of &cv-TARFLAGS;,
so you need to set it both options:
</para>
<scons_example name="ex2">
<file name="SConstruct" printme="1">
env = Environment(TARFLAGS = '-c -z')
env.Tar('out.tar.gz', 'directory')
</file>
<file name="directory/file">
directory/file
</file>
</scons_example>
<scons_output example="ex2" os="posix">
<scons_output_command>scons -Q .</scons_output_command>
</scons_output>
<para>
you may also wish to set the value of the
&cv-link-TARSUFFIX; construction variable
to your desired suffix for compress &tar; archives,
so that &SCons; can append it to the target file name
without your having to specify it explicitly:
</para>
<scons_example name="ex3">
<file name="SConstruct" printme="1">
env = Environment(TARFLAGS = '-c -z',
TARSUFFIX = '.tgz')
env.Tar('out', 'directory')
</file>
<file name="directory/file">
directory/file
</file>
</scons_example>
<scons_output example="ex3" os="posix">
<scons_output_command>scons -Q .</scons_output_command>
</scons_output>
</section>
<section>
<title>The &Zip; Builder</title>
<para>
The &b-link-Zip; Builder object creates archives of files
and/or directory trees in the ZIP file format.
Python versions 1.6 or later
contain an internal &zipfile; module
that &SCons; will use.
In this case, given the following
&SConstruct; file:
</para>
<scons_example name="ex4">
<file name="SConstruct" printme="1">
env = Environment()
env.Zip('out', ['file1', 'file2'])
</file>
<file name="file1">
file1
</file>
<file name="file2">
file2
</file>
</scons_example>
<para>
Your output will reflect the fact
that an internal Python function
is being used to create the output ZIP archive:
</para>
<scons_output example="ex4" os="posix">
<scons_output_command>scons -Q .</scons_output_command>
</scons_output>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<title>Java</title>
<para>
&SCons; provides Builder objects
for creating various types of Java output files.
</para>
<section>
<title>Building Class Files: the &Java; Builder</title>
<para>
The &b-link-Java; builder takes one or more input
<filename>.java</filename> files
and turns them into one or more
<filename>.class</filename> files
Unlike most builders, however,
the &Java; builder takes
target and source <emphasis>directories</emphasis>,
not files, as input.
</para>
<programlisting>
env = Environment()
env.Java(target = 'classes', source = 'src')
</programlisting>
<para>
The &Java; builder will then
search the specified source directory
tree for all <filename>.java</filename> files,
and pass any out-of-date
</para>
<screen>
XXX Java() screen
</screen>
</section>
<section>
<title>The &Jar; Builder</title>
<para>
XXX The &Jar; builder object
</para>
<programlisting>
env = Environment()
env.Java(target = 'classes', source = 'src')
env.Jar(target = '', source = 'classes')
</programlisting>
<screen>
XXX Jar() screen
</screen>
</section>
<section>
<title>Building C header and stub files: the &JavaH; Builder</title>
<para>
XXX JavaH() para
</para>
<programlisting>
XXX JavaH() programlisting
</programlisting>
<screen>
XXX JavaH() screen
</screen>
</section>
<section>
<title>Building RMI stub and skeleton class files: the &RMIC; Builder</title>
<para>
XXX RMIC() para
</para>
<programlisting>
XXX RMIC() programlisting
</programlisting>
<screen>
XXX RMIC() screen
</screen>
</section>
</section>
</chapter>
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