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diff --git a/tk8.6/doc/event.n b/tk8.6/doc/event.n new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5109794 --- /dev/null +++ b/tk8.6/doc/event.n @@ -0,0 +1,604 @@ +'\" +'\" Copyright (c) 1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc. +'\" Copyright (c) 1998-2000 Ajuba Solutions. +'\" +'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution +'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES. +'\" +.TH event n 8.3 Tk "Tk Built-In Commands" +.so man.macros +.BS +'\" Note: do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below! +.SH NAME +event \- Miscellaneous event facilities: define virtual events and generate events +.SH SYNOPSIS +\fBevent\fI option \fR?\fIarg arg ...\fR? +.BE +.SH DESCRIPTION +.PP +The \fBevent\fR command provides several facilities for dealing with +window system events, such as defining virtual events and synthesizing +events. The command has several different forms, determined by the +first argument. The following forms are currently supported: +.TP +\fBevent add <<\fIvirtual\fB>>\fI sequence \fR?\fIsequence ...\fR? +Associates the virtual event \fIvirtual\fR with the physical +event sequence(s) given by the \fIsequence\fR arguments, so that +the virtual event will trigger whenever any one of the \fIsequence\fRs +occurs. +\fIVirtual\fR may be any string value and \fIsequence\fR may have +any of the values allowed for the \fIsequence\fR argument to the +\fBbind\fR command. +If \fIvirtual\fR is already defined, the new physical event sequences +add to the existing sequences for the event. +.TP +\fBevent delete <<\fIvirtual\fB>> \fR?\fIsequence\fR \fIsequence ...\fR? +Deletes each of the \fIsequence\fRs from those associated with +the virtual event given by \fIvirtual\fR. +\fIVirtual\fR may be any string value and \fIsequence\fR may have +any of the values allowed for the \fIsequence\fR argument to the +\fBbind\fR command. +Any \fIsequence\fRs not currently associated with \fIvirtual\fR +are ignored. +If no \fIsequence\fR argument is provided, all physical event sequences +are removed for \fIvirtual\fR, so that the virtual event will not +trigger anymore. +.TP +\fBevent generate \fIwindow event \fR?\fIoption value option value ...\fR? +Generates a window event and arranges for it to be processed just as if +it had come from the window system. +\fIWindow\fR gives the path name of the window for which the event +will be generated; it may also be an identifier (such as returned by +\fBwinfo id\fR) as long as it is for a window in the current application. +\fIEvent\fR provides a basic description of +the event, such as \fB<Shift-Button-2>\fR or \fB<<Paste>>\fR. +If \fIWindow\fR is empty the whole screen is meant, and coordinates +are relative to the screen. +\fIEvent\fR may have any of the forms allowed for the \fIsequence\fR +argument of the \fBbind\fR command except that it must consist +of a single event pattern, not a sequence. +\fIOption-value\fR pairs may be used to specify additional +attributes of the event, such as the x and y mouse position; see +\fBEVENT FIELDS\fR below. If the \fB\-when\fR option is not specified, the +event is processed immediately: all of the handlers for the event +will complete before the \fBevent generate\fR command returns. +If the \fB\-when\fR option is specified then it determines when the +event is processed. Certain events, such as key events, require +that the window has focus to receive the event properly. +.TP +\fBevent info \fR?\fB<<\fIvirtual\fB>>\fR? +Returns information about virtual events. +If the \fB<<\fIvirtual\fB>>\fR argument is omitted, the return value +is a list of all the virtual events that are currently defined. +If \fB<<\fIvirtual\fB>>\fR is specified then the return value is +a list whose elements are the physical event sequences currently +defined for the given virtual event; if the virtual event is +not defined then an empty string is returned. +.RS +.PP +Note that virtual events that are not bound to physical event +sequences are \fInot\fR returned by \fBevent info\fR. +.RE +.SH "EVENT FIELDS" +.PP +The following options are supported for the \fBevent generate\fR +command. These correspond to the +.QW % +expansions allowed in binding scripts for the \fBbind\fR command. +.TP +\fB\-above\fI window\fR +\fIWindow\fR specifies the \fIabove\fR field for the event, +either as a window path name or as an integer window id. +Valid for \fBConfigure\fR events. +Corresponds to the \fB%a\fR substitution for binding scripts. +.TP +\fB\-borderwidth\fI size\fR +\fISize\fR must be a screen distance; it specifies the +\fIborder_width\fR field for the event. +Valid for \fBConfigure\fR events. +Corresponds to the \fB%B\fR substitution for binding scripts. +.TP +\fB\-button\fI number\fR +\fINumber\fR must be an integer; it specifies the \fIdetail\fR field +for a \fBButtonPress\fR or \fBButtonRelease\fR event, overriding +any button number provided in the base \fIevent\fR argument. +Corresponds to the \fB%b\fR substitution for binding scripts. +.TP +\fB\-count\fI number\fR +\fINumber\fR must be an integer; it specifies the \fIcount\fR field +for the event. Valid for \fBExpose\fR events. +Corresponds to the \fB%c\fR substitution for binding scripts. +.TP +\fB\-data\fI string\fR +\fIString\fR may be any value; it specifies the \fIuser_data\fR field +for the event. Only valid for virtual events. Corresponds to the +\fB%d\fR substitution for virtual events in binding scripts. +.TP +\fB\-delta\fI number\fR +\fINumber\fR must be an integer; it specifies the \fIdelta\fR field +for the \fBMouseWheel\fR event. The \fIdelta\fR refers to the +direction and magnitude the mouse wheel was rotated. Note the value +is not a screen distance but are units of motion in the mouse wheel. +Typically these values are multiples of 120. For example, 120 should +scroll the text widget up 4 lines and \-240 would scroll the text +widget down 8 lines. Of course, other widgets may define different +behaviors for mouse wheel motion. This field corresponds to the +\fB%D\fR substitution for binding scripts. +.TP +\fB\-detail\fI detail\fR +\fIDetail\fR specifies the \fIdetail\fR field for the event +and must be one of the following: +.RS +.DS +.ta 6c +\fBNotifyAncestor\fR \fBNotifyNonlinearVirtual\fR +\fBNotifyDetailNone\fR \fBNotifyPointer\fR +\fBNotifyInferior\fR \fBNotifyPointerRoot\fR +\fBNotifyNonlinear\fR \fBNotifyVirtual\fR +.DE +Valid for \fBEnter\fR, \fBLeave\fR, \fBFocusIn\fR and +\fBFocusOut\fR events. +Corresponds to the \fB%d\fR substitution for binding scripts. +.RE +.TP +\fB\-focus\fI boolean\fR +\fIBoolean\fR must be a boolean value; it specifies the \fIfocus\fR +field for the event. +Valid for \fBEnter\fR and \fBLeave\fR events. +Corresponds to the \fB%f\fR substitution for binding scripts. +.TP +\fB\-height\fI size\fR +\fISize\fR must be a screen distance; it specifies the \fIheight\fR +field for the event. Valid for \fBConfigure\fR events. +Corresponds to the \fB%h\fR substitution for binding scripts. +.TP +\fB\-keycode\fI number\fR +\fINumber\fR must be an integer; it specifies the \fIkeycode\fR +field for the event. +Valid for \fBKeyPress\fR and \fBKeyRelease\fR events. +Corresponds to the \fB%k\fR substitution for binding scripts. +.TP +\fB\-keysym\fI name\fR +\fIName\fR must be the name of a valid keysym, such as \fBg\fR, +\fBspace\fR, or \fBReturn\fR; its corresponding +keycode value is used as the \fIkeycode\fR field for event, overriding +any detail specified in the base \fIevent\fR argument. +Valid for \fBKeyPress\fR and \fBKeyRelease\fR events. +Corresponds to the \fB%K\fR substitution for binding scripts. +.TP +\fB\-mode\fI notify\fR +\fINotify\fR specifies the \fImode\fR field for the event and must be +one of \fBNotifyNormal\fR, \fBNotifyGrab\fR, \fBNotifyUngrab\fR, or +\fBNotifyWhileGrabbed\fR. +Valid for \fBEnter\fR, \fBLeave\fR, \fBFocusIn\fR, and +\fBFocusOut\fR events. +Corresponds to the \fB%m\fR substitution for binding scripts. +.TP +\fB\-override\fI boolean\fR +\fIBoolean\fR must be a boolean value; it specifies the +\fIoverride_redirect\fR field for the event. +Valid for \fBMap\fR, \fBReparent\fR, and \fBConfigure\fR events. +Corresponds to the \fB%o\fR substitution for binding scripts. +.TP +\fB\-place\fI where\fR +\fIWhere\fR specifies the \fIplace\fR field for the event; it must be +either \fBPlaceOnTop\fR or \fBPlaceOnBottom\fR. +Valid for \fBCirculate\fR events. +Corresponds to the \fB%p\fR substitution for binding scripts. +.TP +\fB\-root\fI window\fR +\fIWindow\fR must be either a window path name or an integer window +identifier; it specifies the \fIroot\fR field for the event. +Valid for \fBKeyPress\fR, \fBKeyRelease\fR, \fBButtonPress\fR, +\fBButtonRelease\fR, \fBEnter\fR, \fBLeave\fR, and \fBMotion\fR +events. +Corresponds to the \fB%R\fR substitution for binding scripts. +.TP +\fB\-rootx\fI coord\fR +\fICoord\fR must be a screen distance; it specifies the \fIx_root\fR +field for the event. +Valid for \fBKeyPress\fR, \fBKeyRelease\fR, \fBButtonPress\fR, +\fBButtonRelease\fR, \fBEnter\fR, \fBLeave\fR, and \fBMotion\fR +events. Corresponds to the \fB%X\fR substitution for binding scripts. +.TP +\fB\-rooty\fI coord\fR +\fICoord\fR must be a screen distance; it specifies the \fIy_root\fR +field for the event. +Valid for \fBKeyPress\fR, \fBKeyRelease\fR, \fBButtonPress\fR, +\fBButtonRelease\fR, \fBEnter\fR, \fBLeave\fR, and \fBMotion\fR +events. +Corresponds to the \fB%Y\fR substitution for binding scripts. +.TP +\fB\-sendevent\fI boolean\fR +\fIBoolean\fR must be a boolean value; it specifies the \fIsend_event\fR +field for the event. Valid for all events. Corresponds to the +\fB%E\fR substitution for binding scripts. +.TP +\fB\-serial\fI number\fR +\fINumber\fR must be an integer; it specifies the \fIserial\fR field +for the event. Valid for all events. +Corresponds to the \fB%#\fR substitution for binding scripts. +.TP +\fB\-state\fI state\fR +\fIState\fR specifies the \fIstate\fR field for the event. +For \fBKeyPress\fR, \fBKeyRelease\fR, \fBButtonPress\fR, +\fBButtonRelease\fR, \fBEnter\fR, \fBLeave\fR, and \fBMotion\fR events +it must be an integer value. +For \fBVisibility\fR events it must be one of \fBVisibilityUnobscured\fR, +\fBVisibilityPartiallyObscured\fR, or \fBVisibilityFullyObscured\fR. +This option overrides any modifiers such as \fBMeta\fR or \fBControl\fR +specified in the base \fIevent\fR. +Corresponds to the \fB%s\fR substitution for binding scripts. +.TP +\fB\-subwindow\fI window\fR +\fIWindow\fR specifies the \fIsubwindow\fR field for the event, either +as a path name for a Tk widget or as an integer window identifier. +Valid for \fBKeyPress\fR, \fBKeyRelease\fR, \fBButtonPress\fR, +\fBButtonRelease\fR, \fBEnter\fR, \fBLeave\fR, and \fBMotion\fR events. +Similar to \fB%S\fR substitution for binding scripts. +.TP +\fB\-time\fI integer\fR +\fIInteger\fR must be an integer value; it specifies the \fItime\fR field +for the event. +Valid for \fBKeyPress\fR, \fBKeyRelease\fR, \fBButtonPress\fR, +\fBButtonRelease\fR, \fBEnter\fR, \fBLeave\fR, \fBMotion\fR, +and \fBProperty\fR events. +Corresponds to the \fB%t\fR substitution for binding scripts. +.TP +\fB\-warp\fI boolean\fR +\fIboolean\fR must be a boolean value; it specifies whether +the screen pointer should be warped as well. +Valid for \fBKeyPress\fR, \fBKeyRelease\fR, \fBButtonPress\fR, +\fBButtonRelease\fR, and \fBMotion\fR events. The pointer will +only warp to a window if it is mapped. +.TP +\fB\-width\fI size\fR +\fISize\fR must be a screen distance; it specifies the \fIwidth\fR field +for the event. +Valid for \fBConfigure\fR events. +Corresponds to the \fB%w\fR substitution for binding scripts. +.TP +\fB\-when\fI when\fR +\fIWhen\fR determines when the event will be processed; it must have one +of the following values: +.RS +.IP \fBnow\fR 10 +Process the event immediately, before the command returns. +This also happens if the \fB\-when\fR option is omitted. +.IP \fBtail\fR 10 +Place the event on Tcl's event queue behind any events already +queued for this application. +.IP \fBhead\fR 10 +Place the event at the front of Tcl's event queue, so that it +will be handled before any other events already queued. +.IP \fBmark\fR 10 +Place the event at the front of Tcl's event queue but behind any +other events already queued with \fB\-when mark\fR. +This option is useful when generating a series of events that should +be processed in order but at the front of the queue. +.RE +.TP +\fB\-x\fI coord\fR +\fICoord\fR must be a screen distance; it specifies the \fIx\fR field +for the event. +Valid for \fBKeyPress\fR, \fBKeyRelease\fR, \fBButtonPress\fR, +\fBButtonRelease\fR, \fBMotion\fR, \fBEnter\fR, \fBLeave\fR, +\fBExpose\fR, \fBConfigure\fR, \fBGravity\fR, and \fBReparent\fR +events. +Corresponds to the \fB%x\fR substitution for binding scripts. +If \fIWindow\fR is empty the coordinate is relative to the +screen, and this option corresponds to the \fB%X\fR substitution +for binding scripts. +.TP +\fB\-y\fI coord\fR +\fICoord\fR must be a screen distance; it specifies the \fIy\fR +field for the event. +Valid for \fBKeyPress\fR, \fBKeyRelease\fR, \fBButtonPress\fR, +\fBButtonRelease\fR, \fBMotion\fR, \fBEnter\fR, \fBLeave\fR, +\fBExpose\fR, \fBConfigure\fR, \fBGravity\fR, and \fBReparent\fR +events. +Corresponds to the \fB%y\fR substitution for binding scripts. +If \fIWindow\fR is empty the coordinate is relative to the +screen, and this option corresponds to the \fB%Y\fR substitution +for binding scripts. +.PP +Any options that are not specified when generating an event are filled +with the value 0, except for \fIserial\fR, which is filled with the +next X event serial number. +.SH "PREDEFINED VIRTUAL EVENTS" +.PP +Tk defines the following virtual events for the purposes of +notification: +.TP +\fB<<AltUnderlined>>\fR +This is sent to widget to notify it that the letter it has underlined +(as an accelerator indicator) with the \fB\-underline\fR option has +been pressed in combination with the Alt key. The usual response to +this is to either focus into the widget (or some related widget) or to +invoke the widget. +.TP +\fB<<Invoke>>\fR +This can be sent to some widgets (e.g. button, listbox, menu) as an +alternative to <space>. +.TP +\fB<<ListboxSelect>>\fR +This is sent to a listbox when the set of selected item(s) in the +listbox is updated. +.TP +\fB<<MenuSelect>>\fR +This is sent to a menu when the currently selected item in the menu +changes. It is intended for use with context-sensitive help systems. +.TP +\fB<<Modified>>\fR +This is sent to a text widget when the contents of the widget are +changed. +.TP +\fB<<Selection>>\fR +This is sent to a text widget when the selection in the widget is +changed. +.TP +\fB<<ThemeChanged>>\fR +This is sent to all widgets when the ttk theme changed. The ttk +widgets listen to this event and redisplay themselves when it fires. +The legacy widgets ignore this event. +.TP +\fB<<TraverseIn>>\fR +This is sent to a widget when the focus enters the widget because of a +user-driven +.QW "tab to widget" +action. +.TP +\fB<<TraverseOut>>\fR +This is sent to a widget when the focus leaves the widget because of a +user-driven +.QW "tab to widget" +action. +.TP +\fB<<UndoStack>>\fR +This is sent to a text widget when its undo stack or redo stack becomes +empty or unempty. +.TP +\fB<<WidgetViewSync>>\fR +This is sent to a text widget when its internal data become obsolete, +and again when these internal data are back in sync with the widget +view. The detail field (%d substitution) is either true (when the +widget is in sync) or false (when it is not). +.PP +Tk defines the following virtual events for the purposes of unifying +bindings across multiple platforms. Users expect them to behave in the +following way: +.TP +\fB<<Clear>>\fR +Delete the currently selected widget contents. +.TP +\fB<<Copy>>\fR +Copy the currently selected widget contents to the clipboard. +.TP +\fB<<Cut>>\fR +Move the currently selected widget contents to the clipboard. +.TP +\fB<<LineEnd>>\fR +. +Move to the end of the line in the current widget while deselecting any +selected contents. +.TP +\fB<<LineStart>>\fR +. +Move to the start of the line in the current widget while deselecting any +selected contents. +.TP +\fB<<NextChar>>\fR +. +Move to the next item (i.e., visible character) in the current widget while +deselecting any selected contents. +.TP +\fB<<NextLine>>\fR +. +Move to the next line in the current widget while deselecting any selected +contents. +.TP +\fB<<NextPara>>\fR +. +Move to the next paragraph in the current widget while deselecting any +selected contents. +.TP +\fB<<NextWord>>\fR +. +Move to the next group of items (i.e., visible word) in the current widget +while deselecting any selected contents. +.TP +\fB<<Paste>>\fR +Replace the currently selected widget contents with the contents of +the clipboard. +.TP +\fB<<PasteSelection>>\fR +Insert the contents of the selection at the mouse location. (This +event has meaningful \fB%x\fR and \fB%y\fR substitutions). +.TP +\fB<<PrevChar>>\fR +. +Move to the previous item (i.e., visible character) in the current widget +while deselecting any selected contents. +.TP +\fB<<PrevLine>>\fR +. +Move to the previous line in the current widget while deselecting any selected +contents. +.TP +\fB<<PrevPara>>\fR +. +Move to the previous paragraph in the current widget while deselecting any +selected contents. +.TP +\fB<<PrevWindow>>\fR +Traverse to the previous window. +.TP +\fB<<PrevWord>>\fR +. +Move to the previous group of items (i.e., visible word) in the current widget +while deselecting any selected contents. +.TP +\fB<<Redo>>\fR +Redo one undone action. +.TP +\fB<<SelectAll>>\fR +. +Set the range of selected contents to the complete widget. +.TP +\fB<<SelectLineEnd>>\fR +. +Move to the end of the line in the current widget while extending the range +of selected contents. +.TP +\fB<<SelectLineStart>>\fR +. +Move to the start of the line in the current widget while extending the range +of selected contents. +.TP +\fB<<SelectNextChar>>\fR +. +Move to the next item (i.e., visible character) in the current widget while +extending the range of selected contents. +.TP +\fB<<SelectNextLine>>\fR +. +Move to the next line in the current widget while extending the range of +selected contents. +.TP +\fB<<SelectNextPara>>\fR +. +Move to the next paragraph in the current widget while extending the range +of selected contents. +.TP +\fB<<SelectNextWord>>\fR +. +Move to the next group of items (i.e., visible word) in the current widget +while extending the range of selected contents. +.TP +\fB<<SelectNone>>\fR +. +Reset the range of selected contents to be empty. +.TP +\fB<<SelectPrevChar>>\fR +. +Move to the previous item (i.e., visible character) in the current widget +while extending the range of selected contents. +.TP +\fB<<SelectPrevLine>>\fR +. +Move to the previous line in the current widget while extending the range of +selected contents. +.TP +\fB<<SelectPrevPara>>\fR +. +Move to the previous paragraph in the current widget while extending the +range of selected contents. +.TP +\fB<<SelectPrevWord>>\fR +. +Move to the previous group of items (i.e., visible word) in the current widget +while extending the range of selected contents. +.TP +\fB<<ToggleSelection>>\fR +. +Toggle the selection. +.TP +\fB<<Undo>>\fR +. +Undo the last action. +.SH EXAMPLES +.SS "MAPPING KEYS TO VIRTUAL EVENTS" +.PP +In order for a virtual event binding to trigger, two things must +happen. First, the virtual event must be defined with the +\fBevent add\fR command. Second, a binding must be created for +the virtual event with the \fBbind\fR command. +Consider the following virtual event definitions: +.PP +.CS +\fBevent add\fR <<Paste>> <Control-y> +\fBevent add\fR <<Paste>> <Button-2> +\fBevent add\fR <<Save>> <Control-X><Control-S> +\fBevent add\fR <<Save>> <Shift-F12> +if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} { + \fBevent add\fR <<Save>> <Command-s> +} +.CE +.PP +In the \fBbind\fR command, a virtual event can be bound like any other +builtin event type as follows: +.PP +.CS +bind Entry <<Paste>> {%W insert [selection get]} +.CE +.PP +The double angle brackets are used to specify that a virtual event is being +bound. If the user types Control-y or presses button 2, or if +a \fB<<Paste>>\fR virtual event is synthesized with \fBevent generate\fR, +then the \fB<<Paste>>\fR binding will be invoked. +.PP +If a virtual binding has the exact same sequence as a separate +physical binding, then the physical binding will take precedence. +Consider the following example: +.PP +.CS +\fBevent add\fR <<Paste>> <Control-y> <Meta-Control-y> +bind Entry <Control-y> {puts Control-y} +bind Entry <<Paste>> {puts Paste} +.CE +.PP +When the user types Control-y the \fB<Control-y>\fR binding +will be invoked, because a physical event is considered +more specific than a virtual event, all other things being equal. +However, when the user types Meta-Control-y the +\fB<<Paste>>\fR binding will be invoked, because the +\fBMeta\fR modifier in the physical pattern associated with the +virtual binding is more specific than the \fB<Control-y\fR> sequence for +the physical event. +.PP +Bindings on a virtual event may be created before the virtual event exists. +Indeed, the virtual event never actually needs to be defined, for instance, +on platforms where the specific virtual event would be meaningless or +ungeneratable. +.PP +When a definition of a virtual event changes at run time, all windows +will respond immediately to the new definition. +Starting from the preceding example, if the following code is executed: +.PP +.CS +bind Entry <Control-y> {} +\fBevent add\fR <<Paste>> <Key-F6> +.CE +.PP +the behavior will change such in two ways. First, the shadowed +\fB<<Paste>>\fR binding will emerge. +Typing Control-y will no longer invoke the \fB<Control-y>\fR binding, +but instead invoke the virtual event \fB<<Paste>>\fR. Second, +pressing the F6 key will now also invoke the \fB<<Paste>>\fR binding. +.SS "MOVING THE MOUSE POINTER" +.PP +Sometimes it is useful to be able to really move the mouse pointer. For +example, if you have some software that is capable of demonstrating directly +to the user how to use the program. To do this, you need to +.QW warp +the mouse around by using \fBevent generate\fR, like this: +.PP +.CS +for {set xy 0} {$xy < 200} {incr xy} { + \fBevent generate\fR . <Motion> -x $xy -y $xy -warp 1 + update + after 50 +} +.CE +.PP +Note that it is usually considered bad style to move the mouse pointer for the +user because it removes control from them. Therefore this technique should be +used with caution. Also note that it is not guaranteed to function on all +platforms. +.SH "SEE ALSO" +bind(n) +.SH KEYWORDS +event, binding, define, handle, virtual event +'\" Local Variables: +'\" mode: nroff +'\" End: |