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authorBerker Peksag <berker.peksag@gmail.com>2015-04-12 10:53:33 (GMT)
committerBerker Peksag <berker.peksag@gmail.com>2015-04-12 10:53:33 (GMT)
commit556e08e9b2016121e0984039c7087f52ba064297 (patch)
tree0c3dcc73147a7887a12a9d3ac75c9213fc12c914
parent48a724fa33143bcbab2228058d3f59e1813bd49c (diff)
parent9575e1891ff533318f6dd72ab6f6bd0f9a042014 (diff)
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Issue #12955: Change the urlopen() examples to use context managers where appropriate.
Patch by Martin Panter.
Diffstat
-rw-r--r--Doc/faq/library.rst3
-rw-r--r--Doc/howto/urllib2.rst16
-rw-r--r--Doc/library/concurrent.futures.rst4
-rw-r--r--Doc/library/urllib.request.rst34
-rw-r--r--Doc/tutorial/stdlib.rst9
5 files changed, 38 insertions, 28 deletions
diff --git a/Doc/faq/library.rst b/Doc/faq/library.rst
index d71a9b4..064728f 100644
--- a/Doc/faq/library.rst
+++ b/Doc/faq/library.rst
@@ -687,7 +687,8 @@ Yes. Here's a simple example that uses urllib.request::
### connect and send the server a path
req = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.some-server.out-there'
'/cgi-bin/some-cgi-script', data=qs)
- msg, hdrs = req.read(), req.info()
+ with req:
+ msg, hdrs = req.read(), req.info()
Note that in general for percent-encoded POST operations, query strings must be
quoted using :func:`urllib.parse.urlencode`. For example, to send
diff --git a/Doc/howto/urllib2.rst b/Doc/howto/urllib2.rst
index abec053..01ae513 100644
--- a/Doc/howto/urllib2.rst
+++ b/Doc/howto/urllib2.rst
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ Fetching URLs
The simplest way to use urllib.request is as follows::
import urllib.request
- response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://python.org/')
- html = response.read()
+ with urllib.request.urlopen('http://python.org/') as response:
+ html = response.read()
If you wish to retrieve a resource via URL and store it in a temporary location,
you can do so via the :func:`~urllib.request.urlretrieve` function::
@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ response::
import urllib.request
req = urllib.request.Request('http://www.voidspace.org.uk')
- response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
- the_page = response.read()
+ with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as response:
+ the_page = response.read()
Note that urllib.request makes use of the same Request interface to handle all URL
schemes. For example, you can make an FTP request like so::
@@ -117,8 +117,8 @@ library. ::
data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)
data = data.encode('utf-8') # data should be bytes
req = urllib.request.Request(url, data)
- response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
- the_page = response.read()
+ with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as response:
+ the_page = response.read()
Note that other encodings are sometimes required (e.g. for file upload from HTML
forms - see `HTML Specification, Form Submission
@@ -183,8 +183,8 @@ Explorer [#]_. ::
data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)
data = data.encode('utf-8')
req = urllib.request.Request(url, data, headers)
- response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
- the_page = response.read()
+ with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as response:
+ the_page = response.read()
The response also has two useful methods. See the section on `info and geturl`_
which comes after we have a look at what happens when things go wrong.
diff --git a/Doc/library/concurrent.futures.rst b/Doc/library/concurrent.futures.rst
index c177340..11b3916 100644
--- a/Doc/library/concurrent.futures.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/concurrent.futures.rst
@@ -155,8 +155,8 @@ ThreadPoolExecutor Example
# Retrieve a single page and report the url and contents
def load_url(url, timeout):
- conn = urllib.request.urlopen(url, timeout=timeout)
- return conn.readall()
+ with urllib.request.urlopen(url, timeout=timeout) as conn:
+ return conn.read()
# We can use a with statement to ensure threads are cleaned up promptly
with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as executor:
diff --git a/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst b/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst
index 2400526..82fc1b2 100644
--- a/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst
@@ -1060,8 +1060,9 @@ This example gets the python.org main page and displays the first 300 bytes of
it. ::
>>> import urllib.request
- >>> f = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.python.org/')
- >>> print(f.read(300))
+ >>> with urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.python.org/') as f:
+ ... print(f.read(300))
+ ...
b'<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">\n\n\n<html
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">\n\n<head>\n
@@ -1103,8 +1104,9 @@ when the Python installation supports SSL. ::
>>> import urllib.request
>>> req = urllib.request.Request(url='https://localhost/cgi-bin/test.cgi',
... data=b'This data is passed to stdin of the CGI')
- >>> f = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
- >>> print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))
+ >>> with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as f:
+ ... print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))
+ ...
Got Data: "This data is passed to stdin of the CGI"
The code for the sample CGI used in the above example is::
@@ -1119,7 +1121,8 @@ Here is an example of doing a ``PUT`` request using :class:`Request`::
import urllib.request
DATA=b'some data'
req = urllib.request.Request(url='http://localhost:8080', data=DATA,method='PUT')
- f = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
+ with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as f:
+ pass
print(f.status)
print(f.reason)
@@ -1185,8 +1188,10 @@ containing parameters::
>>> import urllib.request
>>> import urllib.parse
>>> params = urllib.parse.urlencode({'spam': 1, 'eggs': 2, 'bacon': 0})
- >>> f = urllib.request.urlopen("http://www.musi-cal.com/cgi-bin/query?%s" % params)
- >>> print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))
+ >>> url = "http://www.musi-cal.com/cgi-bin/query?%s" % params
+ >>> with urllib.request.urlopen(url) as f:
+ ... print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))
+ ...
The following example uses the ``POST`` method instead. Note that params output
from urlencode is encoded to bytes before it is sent to urlopen as data::
@@ -1198,8 +1203,9 @@ from urlencode is encoded to bytes before it is sent to urlopen as data::
>>> request = urllib.request.Request("http://requestb.in/xrbl82xr")
>>> # adding charset parameter to the Content-Type header.
>>> request.add_header("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8")
- >>> f = urllib.request.urlopen(request, data)
- >>> print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))
+ >>> with urllib.request.urlopen(request, data) as f:
+ ... print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))
+ ...
The following example uses an explicitly specified HTTP proxy, overriding
environment settings::
@@ -1207,15 +1213,17 @@ environment settings::
>>> import urllib.request
>>> proxies = {'http': 'http://proxy.example.com:8080/'}
>>> opener = urllib.request.FancyURLopener(proxies)
- >>> f = opener.open("http://www.python.org")
- >>> f.read().decode('utf-8')
+ >>> with opener.open("http://www.python.org") as f:
+ ... f.read().decode('utf-8')
+ ...
The following example uses no proxies at all, overriding environment settings::
>>> import urllib.request
>>> opener = urllib.request.FancyURLopener({})
- >>> f = opener.open("http://www.python.org/")
- >>> f.read().decode('utf-8')
+ >>> with opener.open("http://www.python.org/") as f:
+ ... f.read().decode('utf-8')
+ ...
Legacy interface
diff --git a/Doc/tutorial/stdlib.rst b/Doc/tutorial/stdlib.rst
index 954ef44..598859d 100644
--- a/Doc/tutorial/stdlib.rst
+++ b/Doc/tutorial/stdlib.rst
@@ -153,10 +153,11 @@ protocols. Two of the simplest are :mod:`urllib.request` for retrieving data
from URLs and :mod:`smtplib` for sending mail::
>>> from urllib.request import urlopen
- >>> for line in urlopen('http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/cgi-bin/timer.pl'):
- ... line = line.decode('utf-8') # Decoding the binary data to text.
- ... if 'EST' in line or 'EDT' in line: # look for Eastern Time
- ... print(line)
+ >>> with urlopen('http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/cgi-bin/timer.pl') as response:
+ ... for line in response:
+ ... line = line.decode('utf-8') # Decoding the binary data to text.
+ ... if 'EST' in line or 'EDT' in line: # look for Eastern Time
+ ... print(line)
<BR>Nov. 25, 09:43:32 PM EST
generated by cgit v0.12 at 2024-11-28 08:51:57 (GMT)