Update signature style for optional arguments, part 3.

14 files changed, 63 insertions, 70 deletions

diff --git a/Doc/library/codeop.rst b/Doc/library/codeop.rst
index e4523b6..2c066ef 100644
--- a/Doc/library/codeop.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/codeop.rst
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ of doing them both.
 
 To do just the former:
 
-.. function:: compile_command(source[, filename[, symbol]])
+.. function:: compile_command(source, filename="<input>", symbol="single")
 
    Tries to compile *source*, which should be a string of Python code and return a
    code object if *source* is valid Python code. In that case, the filename
diff --git a/Doc/library/collections.rst b/Doc/library/collections.rst
index e27d89a..c334dc7 100644
--- a/Doc/library/collections.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/collections.rst
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ counts, but the output will exclude results with counts of zero or less.
 :class:`deque` objects
 ----------------------
 
-.. class:: deque([iterable[, maxlen]])
+.. class:: deque([iterable, [maxlen]])
 
    Returns a new deque object initialized left-to-right (using :meth:`append`) with
    data from *iterable*.  If *iterable* is not specified, the new deque is empty.
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ Named tuples assign meaning to each position in a tuple and allow for more reada
 self-documenting code.  They can be used wherever regular tuples are used, and
 they add the ability to access fields by name instead of position index.
 
-.. function:: namedtuple(typename, field_names, [verbose], [rename])
+.. function:: namedtuple(typename, field_names, verbose=False, rename=False)
 
    Returns a new tuple subclass named *typename*.  The new subclass is used to
    create tuple-like objects that have fields accessible by attribute lookup as
diff --git a/Doc/library/compileall.rst b/Doc/library/compileall.rst
index 86f60fb..52f881b 100644
--- a/Doc/library/compileall.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/compileall.rst
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ sys.path``.  Printing lists of the files compiled can be disabled with the
 expression argument.  All files that match the expression will be skipped.
 
 
-.. function:: compile_dir(dir[, maxlevels[, ddir[, force[,  rx[, quiet]]]]])
+.. function:: compile_dir(dir, maxlevels=10, ddir=None, force=False, rx=None, quiet=False)
 
    Recursively descend the directory tree named by *dir*, compiling all :file:`.py`
    files along the way.  The *maxlevels* parameter is used to limit the depth of
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ expression argument.  All files that match the expression will be skipped.
    operation.
 
 
-.. function:: compile_path([skip_curdir[, maxlevels[, force]]])
+.. function:: compile_path(skip_curdir=True, maxlevels=0, force=False)
 
    Byte-compile all the :file:`.py` files found along ``sys.path``. If
    *skip_curdir* is true (the default), the current directory is not included in
diff --git a/Doc/library/configparser.rst b/Doc/library/configparser.rst
index 6141359..0c8ff65 100644
--- a/Doc/library/configparser.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/configparser.rst
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ dictionary type is passed that sorts its keys, the sections will be sorted on
 write-back, as will be the keys within each section.
 
 
-.. class:: RawConfigParser([defaults[, dict_type]])
+.. class:: RawConfigParser(defaults=None, dict_type=collections.OrderedDict)
 
    The basic configuration object.  When *defaults* is given, it is initialized
    into the dictionary of intrinsic defaults.  When *dict_type* is given, it will
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ write-back, as will be the keys within each section.
       The default *dict_type* is :class:`collections.OrderedDict`.
 
 
-.. class:: ConfigParser([defaults[, dict_type]])
+.. class:: ConfigParser(defaults=None, dict_type=collections.OrderedDict)
 
    Derived class of :class:`RawConfigParser` that implements the magical
    interpolation feature and adds optional arguments to the :meth:`get` and
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ write-back, as will be the keys within each section.
       The default *dict_type* is :class:`collections.OrderedDict`.
 
 
-.. class:: SafeConfigParser([defaults[, dict_type]])
+.. class:: SafeConfigParser(defaults=None, dict_type=collections.OrderedDict)
 
    Derived class of :class:`ConfigParser` that implements a more-sane variant of
    the magical interpolation feature.  This implementation is more predictable as
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ RawConfigParser Objects
       config.read(['site.cfg', os.path.expanduser('~/.myapp.cfg')])
 
 
-.. method:: RawConfigParser.readfp(fp[, filename])
+.. method:: RawConfigParser.readfp(fp, filename=None)
 
    Read and parse configuration data from the file or file-like object in *fp*
    (only the :meth:`readline` method is used).  If *filename* is omitted and *fp*
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ The :class:`ConfigParser` class extends some methods of the
 :class:`RawConfigParser` interface, adding some optional arguments.
 
 
-.. method:: ConfigParser.get(section, option[, raw[, vars]])
+.. method:: ConfigParser.get(section, option, raw=False, vars=None)
 
    Get an *option* value for the named *section*.  All the ``'%'`` interpolations
    are expanded in the return values, based on the defaults passed into the
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ The :class:`ConfigParser` class extends some methods of the
    is true.
 
 
-.. method:: ConfigParser.items(section[, raw[, vars]])
+.. method:: ConfigParser.items(section, raw=False, vars=None)
 
    Return a list of ``(name, value)`` pairs for each option in the given *section*.
    Optional arguments have the same meaning as for the :meth:`get` method.
diff --git a/Doc/library/constants.rst b/Doc/library/constants.rst
index 39d61cb..b9b3671 100644
--- a/Doc/library/constants.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/constants.rst
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ if the :option:`-S` command-line option is given) adds several constants to the
 built-in namespace.  They are useful for the interactive interpreter shell and
 should not be used in programs.
 
-.. data:: quit([code=None])
-          exit([code=None])
+.. data:: quit(code=None)
+          exit(code=None)
 
    Objects that when printed, print a message like "Use quit() or Ctrl-D
    (i.e. EOF) to exit", and when called, raise :exc:`SystemExit` with the
diff --git a/Doc/library/copyreg.rst b/Doc/library/copyreg.rst
index dd97ade..60df3d0 100644
--- a/Doc/library/copyreg.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/copyreg.rst
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ instances.
    hence not valid as a constructor), raises :exc:`TypeError`.
 
 
-.. function:: pickle(type, function[, constructor])
+.. function:: pickle(type, function, constructor=None)
 
    Declares that *function* should be used as a "reduction" function for objects
    of type *type*.  *function* should return either a string or a tuple
diff --git a/Doc/library/csv.rst b/Doc/library/csv.rst
index fd56e46..87ed3b6 100644
--- a/Doc/library/csv.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/csv.rst
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Module Contents
 The :mod:`csv` module defines the following functions:
 
 
-.. function:: reader(csvfile[, dialect='excel'][, fmtparam])
+.. function:: reader(csvfile, dialect='excel', **fmtparams)
 
    Return a reader object which will iterate over lines in the given *csvfile*.
    *csvfile* can be any object which supports the :term:`iterator` protocol and returns a
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ The :mod:`csv` module defines the following functions:
    *dialect* parameter can be given which is used to define a set of parameters
    specific to a particular CSV dialect.  It may be an instance of a subclass of
    the :class:`Dialect` class or one of the strings returned by the
-   :func:`list_dialects` function.  The other optional *fmtparam* keyword arguments
+   :func:`list_dialects` function.  The other optional *fmtparams* keyword arguments
    can be given to override individual formatting parameters in the current
    dialect.  For full details about the dialect and formatting parameters, see
    section :ref:`csv-fmt-params`.
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ The :mod:`csv` module defines the following functions:
       Spam, Lovely Spam, Wonderful Spam
 
 
-.. function:: writer(csvfile[, dialect='excel'][, fmtparam])
+.. function:: writer(csvfile, dialect='excel', **fmtparams)
 
    Return a writer object responsible for converting the user's data into delimited
    strings on the given file-like object.  *csvfile* can be any object with a
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ The :mod:`csv` module defines the following functions:
    parameter can be given which is used to define a set of parameters specific to a
    particular CSV dialect.  It may be an instance of a subclass of the
    :class:`Dialect` class or one of the strings returned by the
-   :func:`list_dialects` function.  The other optional *fmtparam* keyword arguments
+   :func:`list_dialects` function.  The other optional *fmtparams* keyword arguments
    can be given to override individual formatting parameters in the current
    dialect.  For full details about the dialect and formatting parameters, see
    section :ref:`csv-fmt-params`. To make it
@@ -103,11 +103,11 @@ The :mod:`csv` module defines the following functions:
       >>> spamWriter.writerow(['Spam', 'Lovely Spam', 'Wonderful Spam'])
 
 
-.. function:: register_dialect(name[, dialect][, fmtparam])
+.. function:: register_dialect(name[, dialect], **fmtparams)
 
    Associate *dialect* with *name*.  *name* must be a string. The
    dialect can be specified either by passing a sub-class of :class:`Dialect`, or
-   by *fmtparam* keyword arguments, or both, with keyword arguments overriding
+   by *fmtparams* keyword arguments, or both, with keyword arguments overriding
    parameters of the dialect. For full details about the dialect and formatting
    parameters, see section :ref:`csv-fmt-params`.
 
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ The :mod:`csv` module defines the following functions:
 
 The :mod:`csv` module defines the following classes:
 
-.. class:: DictReader(csvfile[, fieldnames=None[, restkey=None[, restval=None[, dialect='excel'[, *args, **kwds]]]]])
+.. class:: DictReader(csvfile, fieldnames=None, restkey=None, restval=None, dialect='excel', *args, **kwds)
 
    Create an object which operates like a regular reader but maps the information
    read into a dict whose keys are given by the optional  *fieldnames* parameter.
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ The :mod:`csv` module defines the following classes:
    arguments are passed to the underlying :class:`reader` instance.
 
 
-.. class:: DictWriter(csvfile, fieldnames[, restval=''[, extrasaction='raise'[, dialect='excel'[, *args, **kwds]]]])
+.. class:: DictWriter(csvfile, fieldnames, restval='', extrasaction='raise', dialect='excel', *args, **kwds)
 
    Create an object which operates like a regular writer but maps dictionaries onto
    output rows.  The *fieldnames* parameter identifies the order in which values in
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ The :mod:`csv` module defines the following classes:
 
    The :class:`Sniffer` class provides two methods:
 
-   .. method:: sniff(sample[, delimiters=None])
+   .. method:: sniff(sample, delimiters=None)
 
       Analyze the given *sample* and return a :class:`Dialect` subclass
       reflecting the parameters found.  If the optional *delimiters* parameter
diff --git a/Doc/library/curses.rst b/Doc/library/curses.rst
index 21c3176..b16d667 100644
--- a/Doc/library/curses.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/curses.rst
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ The module :mod:`curses` defines the following functions:
    capability, or is canceled or absent from the terminal description.
 
 
-.. function:: tparm(str[,...])
+.. function:: tparm(str[, ...])
 
    Instantiates the string *str* with the supplied parameters, where  *str* should
    be a parameterized string obtained from the terminfo  database.  E.g.
diff --git a/Doc/library/datetime.rst b/Doc/library/datetime.rst
index 0bf3eb7..df04cf3 100644
--- a/Doc/library/datetime.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/datetime.rst
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ A :class:`timedelta` object represents a duration, the difference between two
 dates or times.
 
 
-.. class:: timedelta([days[, seconds[, microseconds[, milliseconds[, minutes[, hours[, weeks]]]]]]])
+.. class:: timedelta(days=0, seconds=0, microseconds=0, milliseconds=0, minutes=0, hours=0, weeks=0)
 
    All arguments are optional and default to ``0``.  Arguments may be integers
    or floats, and may be positive or negative.
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ both directions; like a time object, :class:`datetime` assumes there are exactly
 Constructor:
 
 
-.. class:: datetime(year, month, day[, hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[, tzinfo]]]]])
+.. class:: datetime(year, month, day, hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0, tzinfo=None)
 
    The year, month and day arguments are required.  *tzinfo* may be ``None``, or an
    instance of a :class:`tzinfo` subclass.  The remaining arguments may be integers,
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ Other constructors, all class methods:
    :meth:`fromtimestamp`.
 
 
-.. method:: datetime.now([tz])
+.. method:: datetime.now(tz=None)
 
    Return the current local date and time.  If optional argument *tz* is ``None``
    or not specified, this is like :meth:`today`, but, if possible, supplies more
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ Other constructors, all class methods:
    :class:`datetime` object. See also :meth:`now`.
 
 
-.. method:: datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp[, tz])
+.. method:: datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, tz=None)
 
    Return the local date and time corresponding to the POSIX timestamp, such as is
    returned by :func:`time.time`. If optional argument *tz* is ``None`` or not
@@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ Instance methods:
    ``self.date().isocalendar()``.
 
 
-.. method:: datetime.isoformat([sep])
+.. method:: datetime.isoformat(sep='T')
 
    Return a string representing the date and time in ISO 8601 format,
    YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.mmmmmm or, if :attr:`microsecond` is 0,
@@ -1101,7 +1101,7 @@ A time object represents a (local) time of day, independent of any particular
 day, and subject to adjustment via a :class:`tzinfo` object.
 
 
-.. class:: time(hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[, tzinfo]]]])
+.. class:: time(hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0, tzinfo=None)
 
    All arguments are optional.  *tzinfo* may be ``None``, or an instance of a
    :class:`tzinfo` subclass.  The remaining arguments may be integers, in the
diff --git a/Doc/library/dbm.rst b/Doc/library/dbm.rst
index 84edbbe..0fa0eb2 100644
--- a/Doc/library/dbm.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/dbm.rst
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
    name, such as ``'dbm.ndbm'`` or ``'dbm.gnu'``.
 
 
-.. function:: open(filename[, flag[, mode]])
+.. function:: open(filename, flag='r', mode=0o666)
 
    Open the database file *filename* and return a corresponding object.
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ supported.
    raised for general mapping errors like specifying an incorrect key.
 
 
-.. function:: open(filename, [flag, [mode]])
+.. function:: open(filename[, flag[, mode]])
 
    Open a ``gdbm`` database and return a :class:`gdbm` object.  The *filename*
    argument is the name of the database file.
diff --git a/Doc/library/decimal.rst b/Doc/library/decimal.rst
index 350413f..89acbb8 100644
--- a/Doc/library/decimal.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/decimal.rst
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ Decimal objects
 ---------------
 
 
-.. class:: Decimal([value [, context]])
+.. class:: Decimal(value="0", context=None)
 
    Construct a new :class:`Decimal` object based from *value*.
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/difflib.rst b/Doc/library/difflib.rst
index 00f273e..292c0ce 100644
--- a/Doc/library/difflib.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/difflib.rst
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ diffs. For comparing directories and files, see also, the :mod:`filecmp` module.
    The constructor for this class is:
 
 
-   .. function:: __init__([tabsize][, wrapcolumn][, linejunk][, charjunk])
+   .. method:: __init__(tabsize=8, wrapcolumn=None, linejunk=None, charjunk=IS_CHARACTER_JUNK)
 
       Initializes instance of :class:`HtmlDiff`.
 
@@ -88,8 +88,7 @@ diffs. For comparing directories and files, see also, the :mod:`filecmp` module.
 
    The following methods are public:
 
-
-   .. function:: make_file(fromlines, tolines [, fromdesc][, todesc][, context][, numlines])
+   .. method:: make_file(fromlines, tolines, fromdesc='', todesc='', context=False, numlines=5)
 
       Compares *fromlines* and *tolines* (lists of strings) and returns a string which
       is a complete HTML file containing a table showing line by line differences with
@@ -108,8 +107,7 @@ diffs. For comparing directories and files, see also, the :mod:`filecmp` module.
       the next difference highlight at the top of the browser without any leading
       context).
 
-
-   .. function:: make_table(fromlines, tolines [, fromdesc][, todesc][, context][, numlines])
+   .. method:: make_table(fromlines, tolines, fromdesc='', todesc='', context=False, numlines=5)
 
       Compares *fromlines* and *tolines* (lists of strings) and returns a string which
       is a complete HTML table showing line by line differences with inter-line and
@@ -122,7 +120,7 @@ diffs. For comparing directories and files, see also, the :mod:`filecmp` module.
    contains a good example of its use.
 
 
-.. function:: context_diff(a, b[, fromfile][, tofile][, fromfiledate][, tofiledate][, n][, lineterm])
+.. function:: context_diff(a, b, fromfile='', tofile='', fromfiledate='', tofiledate='', n=3, lineterm='\\n')
 
    Compare *a* and *b* (lists of strings); return a delta (a :term:`generator`
    generating the delta lines) in context diff format.
@@ -167,7 +165,7 @@ diffs. For comparing directories and files, see also, the :mod:`filecmp` module.
    See :ref:`difflib-interface` for a more detailed example.
 
 
-.. function:: get_close_matches(word, possibilities[, n][, cutoff])
+.. function:: get_close_matches(word, possibilities, n=3, cutoff=0.6)
 
    Return a list of the best "good enough" matches.  *word* is a sequence for which
    close matches are desired (typically a string), and *possibilities* is a list of
@@ -193,7 +191,7 @@ diffs. For comparing directories and files, see also, the :mod:`filecmp` module.
       ['except']
 
 
-.. function:: ndiff(a, b[, linejunk][, charjunk])
+.. function:: ndiff(a, b, linejunk=None, charjunk=IS_CHARACTER_JUNK)
 
    Compare *a* and *b* (lists of strings); return a :class:`Differ`\ -style
    delta (a :term:`generator` generating the delta lines).
@@ -253,7 +251,7 @@ diffs. For comparing directories and files, see also, the :mod:`filecmp` module.
       emu
 
 
-.. function:: unified_diff(a, b[, fromfile][, tofile][, fromfiledate][, tofiledate][, n][, lineterm])
+.. function:: unified_diff(a, b, fromfile='', tofile='', fromfiledate='', tofiledate='', n=3, lineterm='\\n')
 
    Compare *a* and *b* (lists of strings); return a delta (a :term:`generator`
    generating the delta lines) in unified diff format.
@@ -326,7 +324,7 @@ SequenceMatcher Objects
 The :class:`SequenceMatcher` class has this constructor:
 
 
-.. class:: SequenceMatcher([isjunk[, a[, b]]])
+.. class:: SequenceMatcher(isjunk=None, a='', b='')
 
    Optional argument *isjunk* must be ``None`` (the default) or a one-argument
    function that takes a sequence element and returns true if and only if the
@@ -467,7 +465,7 @@ The :class:`SequenceMatcher` class has this constructor:
          insert a[6:6] () b[5:6] (f)
 
 
-   .. method:: get_grouped_opcodes([n])
+   .. method:: get_grouped_opcodes(n=3)
 
       Return a :term:`generator` of groups with up to *n* lines of context.
 
@@ -580,7 +578,7 @@ locality, at the occasional cost of producing a longer diff.
 The :class:`Differ` class has this constructor:
 
 
-.. class:: Differ([linejunk[, charjunk]])
+.. class:: Differ(linejunk=None, charjunk=None)
 
    Optional keyword parameters *linejunk* and *charjunk* are for filter functions
    (or ``None``):
diff --git a/Doc/library/dis.rst b/Doc/library/dis.rst
index 856a9e4..c5a7ea8 100644
--- a/Doc/library/dis.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/dis.rst
@@ -30,22 +30,23 @@ the following command can be used to get the disassembly of :func:`myfunc`::
 The :mod:`dis` module defines the following functions and constants:
 
 
-.. function:: dis([bytesource])
+.. function:: dis(x=None)
 
-   Disassemble the *bytesource* object. *bytesource* can denote either a module, a
+   Disassemble the *x* object. *x* can denote either a module, a
    class, a method, a function, or a code object.   For a module, it disassembles
    all functions.  For a class, it disassembles all methods.  For a single code
    sequence, it prints one line per bytecode instruction.  If no object is
    provided, it disassembles the last traceback.
 
 
-.. function:: distb([tb])
+.. function:: distb(tb=None)
 
    Disassembles the top-of-stack function of a traceback, using the last traceback
    if none was passed.  The instruction causing the exception is indicated.
 
 
-.. function:: disassemble(code[, lasti])
+.. function:: disassemble(code, lasti=-1)
+              disco(code, lasti=-1)
 
    Disassembles a code object, indicating the last instruction if *lasti* was
    provided.  The output is divided in the following columns:
@@ -62,12 +63,6 @@ The :mod:`dis` module defines the following functions and constants:
    constant values, branch targets, and compare operators.
 
 
-.. function:: disco(code[, lasti])
-
-   A synonym for :func:`disassemble`.  It is more convenient to type, and kept
-   for compatibility with earlier Python releases.
-
-
 .. function:: findlinestarts(code)
 
    This generator function uses the ``co_firstlineno`` and ``co_lnotab``
diff --git a/Doc/library/doctest.rst b/Doc/library/doctest.rst
index c991495..2d0f48a 100644
--- a/Doc/library/doctest.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/doctest.rst
@@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ introduction to these two functions, see sections :ref:`doctest-simple-testmod`
 and :ref:`doctest-simple-testfile`.
 
 
-.. function:: testfile(filename[, module_relative][, name][, package][, globs][, verbose][, report][, optionflags][, extraglobs][, raise_on_error][, parser][, encoding])
+.. function:: testfile(filename, module_relative=True, name=None, package=None, globs=None, verbose=None, report=True, optionflags=0, extraglobs=None, raise_on_error=False, parser=DocTestParser(), encoding=None)
 
    All arguments except *filename* are optional, and should be specified in keyword
    form.
@@ -822,7 +822,7 @@ and :ref:`doctest-simple-testfile`.
    convert the file to unicode.
 
 
-.. function:: testmod([m][, name][, globs][, verbose][, report][, optionflags][, extraglobs][, raise_on_error][, exclude_empty])
+.. function:: testmod(m=None, name=None, globs=None, verbose=None, report=True, optionflags=0, extraglobs=None, raise_on_error=False, exclude_empty=False)
 
    All arguments are optional, and all except for *m* should be specified in
    keyword form.
@@ -860,7 +860,7 @@ This function is provided for backward compatibility.  There are no plans to
 deprecate it, but it's rarely useful:
 
 
-.. function:: run_docstring_examples(f, globs[, verbose][, name][, compileflags][, optionflags])
+.. function:: run_docstring_examples(f, globs, verbose=False, name="NoName", compileflags=None, optionflags=0)
 
    Test examples associated with object *f*; for example, *f* may be a module,
    function, or class object.
@@ -905,7 +905,7 @@ There are two main functions for creating :class:`unittest.TestSuite` instances
 from text files and modules with doctests:
 
 
-.. function:: DocFileSuite(*paths, [module_relative][, package][, setUp][, tearDown][, globs][, optionflags][, parser][, encoding])
+.. function:: DocFileSuite(*paths, module_relative=True, package=None, setUp=None, tearDown=None, globs=None, optionflags=0, parser=DocTestParser(), encoding=None)
 
    Convert doctest tests from one or more text files to a
    :class:`unittest.TestSuite`.
@@ -972,7 +972,7 @@ from text files and modules with doctests:
    from a text file using :func:`DocFileSuite`.
 
 
-.. function:: DocTestSuite([module][, globs][, extraglobs][, test_finder][, setUp][, tearDown][, checker])
+.. function:: DocTestSuite(module=None, globs=None, extraglobs=None, test_finder=None, setUp=None, tearDown=None, checker=None)
 
    Convert doctest tests for a module to a :class:`unittest.TestSuite`.
 
@@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ Example Objects
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 
-.. class:: Example(source, want[, exc_msg][, lineno][, indent][, options])
+.. class:: Example(source, want, exc_msg=None, lineno=0, indent=0, options=None)
 
    A single interactive example, consisting of a Python statement and its expected
    output.  The constructor arguments are used to initialize the member variables
@@ -1220,7 +1220,7 @@ DocTestFinder objects
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 
-.. class:: DocTestFinder([verbose][, parser][, recurse][, exclude_empty])
+.. class:: DocTestFinder(verbose=False, parser=DocTestParser(), recurse=True, exclude_empty=True)
 
    A processing class used to extract the :class:`DocTest`\ s that are relevant to
    a given object, from its docstring and the docstrings of its contained objects.
@@ -1306,14 +1306,14 @@ DocTestParser objects
       information.
 
 
-   .. method:: get_examples(string[, name])
+   .. method:: get_examples(string, name='<string>')
 
       Extract all doctest examples from the given string, and return them as a list
       of :class:`Example` objects.  Line numbers are 0-based.  The optional argument
       *name* is a name identifying this string, and is only used for error messages.
 
 
-   .. method:: parse(string[, name])
+   .. method:: parse(string, name='<string>')
 
       Divide the given string into examples and intervening text, and return them as
       a list of alternating :class:`Example`\ s and strings. Line numbers for the
@@ -1327,7 +1327,7 @@ DocTestRunner objects
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 
-.. class:: DocTestRunner([checker][, verbose][, optionflags])
+.. class:: DocTestRunner(checker=None, verbose=None, optionflags=0)
 
    A processing class used to execute and verify the interactive examples in a
    :class:`DocTest`.
@@ -1409,7 +1409,7 @@ DocTestRunner objects
       output function that was passed to :meth:`DocTestRunner.run`.
 
 
-   .. method:: run(test[, compileflags][, out][, clear_globs])
+   .. method:: run(test, compileflags=None, out=None, clear_globs=True)
 
       Run the examples in *test* (a :class:`DocTest` object), and display the
       results using the writer function *out*.
@@ -1428,7 +1428,7 @@ DocTestRunner objects
       :meth:`DocTestRunner.report_\*` methods.
 
 
-   .. method:: summarize([verbose])
+   .. method:: summarize(verbose=None)
 
       Print a summary of all the test cases that have been run by this DocTestRunner,
       and return a :term:`named tuple` ``TestResults(failed, attempted)``.
@@ -1592,7 +1592,7 @@ code under the debugger:
    converted to code, and the rest placed in comments.
 
 
-.. function:: debug(module, name[, pm])
+.. function:: debug(module, name, pm=False)
 
    Debug the doctests for an object.
 
@@ -1613,7 +1613,7 @@ code under the debugger:
    passing an appropriate :func:`exec` call to :func:`pdb.run`.
 
 
-.. function:: debug_src(src[, pm][, globs])
+.. function:: debug_src(src, pm=False, globs=None)
 
    Debug the doctests in a string.
 
@@ -1633,7 +1633,7 @@ the source code, and especially :class:`DebugRunner`'s docstring (which is a
 doctest!) for more details:
 
 
-.. class:: DebugRunner([checker][, verbose][, optionflags])
+.. class:: DebugRunner(checker=None, verbose=None, optionflags=0)
 
    A subclass of :class:`DocTestRunner` that raises an exception as soon as a
    failure is encountered.  If an unexpected exception occurs, an