gh-117233: Detect support for several hashes at hashlib build time (GH-117234)

Detect libcrypto BLAKE2, Shake, SHA3, and Truncated-SHA512 support at hashlib build time

## BLAKE2

While OpenSSL supports both "b" and "s" variants of the BLAKE2 hash
function, other cryptographic libraries may lack support for one or both
of the variants. This commit modifies `hashlib`'s C code to detect
whether or not the linked libcrypto supports each BLAKE2 variant, and
elides references to each variant's NID accordingly. In cases where the
underlying libcrypto doesn't fully support BLAKE2, CPython's
`./configure` script can be given the following flag to use CPython's
interned BLAKE2 implementation: `--with-builtin-hashlib-hashes=blake2`.

## SHA3, Shake, & truncated SHA512.

Detect BLAKE2, SHA3, Shake, & truncated SHA512 support in the
OpenSSL-ish libcrypto library at build time.  This helps allow hashlib's
`_hashopenssl` to be used with libraries that do not to support every
algorithm that upstream OpenSSL does.  Such as AWS-LC & BoringSSL.

Co-authored-by: Gregory P. Smith [Google LLC] <greg@krypto.org>

2 files changed, 62 insertions, 10 deletions

diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Security/2024-03-25-21-25-28.gh-issue-117233.E4CyI_.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Security/2024-03-25-21-25-28.gh-issue-117233.E4CyI_.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4142ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Security/2024-03-25-21-25-28.gh-issue-117233.E4CyI_.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Detect BLAKE2, SHA3, Shake, & truncated SHA512 support in the OpenSSL-ish
+libcrypto library at build time.  This allows :mod:`hashlib` to be used with
+libraries that do not to support every algorithm that upstream OpenSSL does.
diff --git a/Modules/_hashopenssl.c b/Modules/_hashopenssl.c
index 0e230f3..d0b4681 100644
--- a/Modules/_hashopenssl.c
+++ b/Modules/_hashopenssl.c
@@ -45,9 +45,15 @@
 #define MUNCH_SIZE INT_MAX
 
 #define PY_OPENSSL_HAS_SCRYPT 1
+#if defined(NID_sha3_224) && defined(NID_sha3_256) && defined(NID_sha3_384) && defined(NID_sha3_512)
 #define PY_OPENSSL_HAS_SHA3 1
+#endif
+#if defined(NID_shake128) || defined(NID_shake256)
 #define PY_OPENSSL_HAS_SHAKE 1
+#endif
+#if defined(NID_blake2s256) || defined(NID_blake2b512)
 #define PY_OPENSSL_HAS_BLAKE2 1
+#endif
 
 #if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x30000000L
 #define PY_EVP_MD EVP_MD
@@ -88,22 +94,45 @@ typedef struct {
     PY_EVP_MD *evp_nosecurity;
 } py_hashentry_t;
 
+// Fundamental to TLS, assumed always present in any libcrypto:
 #define Py_hash_md5 "md5"
 #define Py_hash_sha1 "sha1"
 #define Py_hash_sha224 "sha224"
 #define Py_hash_sha256 "sha256"
 #define Py_hash_sha384 "sha384"
 #define Py_hash_sha512 "sha512"
-#define Py_hash_sha512_224 "sha512_224"
-#define Py_hash_sha512_256 "sha512_256"
-#define Py_hash_sha3_224 "sha3_224"
-#define Py_hash_sha3_256 "sha3_256"
-#define Py_hash_sha3_384 "sha3_384"
-#define Py_hash_sha3_512 "sha3_512"
-#define Py_hash_shake_128 "shake_128"
-#define Py_hash_shake_256 "shake_256"
-#define Py_hash_blake2s "blake2s"
-#define Py_hash_blake2b "blake2b"
+
+// Not all OpenSSL-like libcrypto libraries provide these:
+#if defined(NID_sha512_224)
+# define Py_hash_sha512_224 "sha512_224"
+#endif
+#if defined(NID_sha512_256)
+# define Py_hash_sha512_256 "sha512_256"
+#endif
+#if defined(NID_sha3_224)
+# define Py_hash_sha3_224 "sha3_224"
+#endif
+#if defined(NID_sha3_256)
+# define Py_hash_sha3_256 "sha3_256"
+#endif
+#if defined(NID_sha3_384)
+# define Py_hash_sha3_384 "sha3_384"
+#endif
+#if defined(NID_sha3_512)
+# define Py_hash_sha3_512 "sha3_512"
+#endif
+#if defined(NID_shake128)
+# define Py_hash_shake_128 "shake_128"
+#endif
+#if defined(NID_shake256)
+# define Py_hash_shake_256 "shake_256"
+#endif
+#if defined(NID_blake2s256)
+# define Py_hash_blake2s "blake2s"
+#endif
+#if defined(NID_blake2b512)
+# define Py_hash_blake2b "blake2b"
+#endif
 
 #define PY_HASH_ENTRY(py_name, py_alias, ossl_name, ossl_nid) \
     {py_name, py_alias, ossl_name, ossl_nid, 0, NULL, NULL}
@@ -119,19 +148,39 @@ static const py_hashentry_t py_hashes[] = {
     PY_HASH_ENTRY(Py_hash_sha384, "SHA384", SN_sha384, NID_sha384),
     PY_HASH_ENTRY(Py_hash_sha512, "SHA512", SN_sha512, NID_sha512),
     /* truncated sha2 */
+#ifdef Py_hash_sha512_224
     PY_HASH_ENTRY(Py_hash_sha512_224, "SHA512_224", SN_sha512_224, NID_sha512_224),
+#endif
+#ifdef Py_hash_sha512_256
     PY_HASH_ENTRY(Py_hash_sha512_256, "SHA512_256", SN_sha512_256, NID_sha512_256),
+#endif
     /* sha3 */
+#ifdef Py_hash_sha3_224
     PY_HASH_ENTRY(Py_hash_sha3_224, NULL, SN_sha3_224, NID_sha3_224),
+#endif
+#ifdef Py_hash_sha3_256
     PY_HASH_ENTRY(Py_hash_sha3_256, NULL, SN_sha3_256, NID_sha3_256),
+#endif
+#ifdef Py_hash_sha3_384
     PY_HASH_ENTRY(Py_hash_sha3_384, NULL, SN_sha3_384, NID_sha3_384),
+#endif
+#ifdef Py_hash_sha3_512
     PY_HASH_ENTRY(Py_hash_sha3_512, NULL, SN_sha3_512, NID_sha3_512),
+#endif
     /* sha3 shake */
+#ifdef Py_hash_shake_128
     PY_HASH_ENTRY(Py_hash_shake_128, NULL, SN_shake128, NID_shake128),
+#endif
+#ifdef Py_hash_shake_256
     PY_HASH_ENTRY(Py_hash_shake_256, NULL, SN_shake256, NID_shake256),
+#endif
     /* blake2 digest */
+#ifdef Py_hash_blake2s
     PY_HASH_ENTRY(Py_hash_blake2s, "blake2s256", SN_blake2s256, NID_blake2s256),
+#endif
+#ifdef Py_hash_blake2b
     PY_HASH_ENTRY(Py_hash_blake2b, "blake2b512", SN_blake2b512, NID_blake2b512),
+#endif
     PY_HASH_ENTRY(NULL, NULL, NULL, 0),
 };