Add read support for all missing variants of the GNU sparse

extensions. Thus, in addition to GNUTYPE_SPARSE headers, sparse
information in pax headers created by GNU tar can now be decoded.
All three formats 0.0, 0.1 and 1.0 are supported.
On filesystems that support this, holes in files are now restored
whenever a sparse member is extracted.

5 files changed, 180 insertions, 127 deletions

diff --git a/Doc/library/tarfile.rst b/Doc/library/tarfile.rst
index 853406c..0dfb065 100644
--- a/Doc/library/tarfile.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/tarfile.rst
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ Some facts and figures:
 * read/write support for the POSIX.1-1988 (ustar) format.
 
 * read/write support for the GNU tar format including *longname* and *longlink*
-  extensions, read-only support for the *sparse* extension.
+  extensions, read-only support for all variants of the *sparse* extension
+  including restoration of sparse files.
 
 * read/write support for the POSIX.1-2001 (pax) format.
 
diff --git a/Lib/tarfile.py b/Lib/tarfile.py
index cc7514d..e33b982 100644
--- a/Lib/tarfile.py
+++ b/Lib/tarfile.py
@@ -701,13 +701,29 @@ class _FileInFile(object):
        object.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, fileobj, offset, size, sparse=None):
+    def __init__(self, fileobj, offset, size, blockinfo=None):
         self.fileobj = fileobj
         self.offset = offset
         self.size = size
-        self.sparse = sparse
         self.position = 0
 
+        if blockinfo is None:
+            blockinfo = [(0, size)]
+
+        # Construct a map with data and zero blocks.
+        self.map_index = 0
+        self.map = []
+        lastpos = 0
+        realpos = self.offset
+        for offset, size in blockinfo:
+            if offset > lastpos:
+                self.map.append((False, lastpos, offset, None))
+            self.map.append((True, offset, offset + size, realpos))
+            realpos += size
+            lastpos = offset + size
+        if lastpos < self.size:
+            self.map.append((False, lastpos, self.size, None))
+
     def seekable(self):
         if not hasattr(self.fileobj, "seekable"):
             # XXX gzip.GzipFile and bz2.BZ2File
@@ -732,48 +748,26 @@ class _FileInFile(object):
         else:
             size = min(size, self.size - self.position)
 
-        if self.sparse is None:
-            return self.readnormal(size)
-        else:
-            return self.readsparse(size)
-
-    def readnormal(self, size):
-        """Read operation for regular files.
-        """
-        self.fileobj.seek(self.offset + self.position)
-        self.position += size
-        return self.fileobj.read(size)
-
-    def readsparse(self, size):
-        """Read operation for sparse files.
-        """
-        data = b""
+        buf = b""
         while size > 0:
-            buf = self.readsparsesection(size)
-            if not buf:
-                break
-            size -= len(buf)
-            data += buf
-        return data
-
-    def readsparsesection(self, size):
-        """Read a single section of a sparse file.
-        """
-        section = self.sparse.find(self.position)
-
-        if section is None:
-            return b""
-
-        size = min(size, section.offset + section.size - self.position)
-
-        if isinstance(section, _data):
-            realpos = section.realpos + self.position - section.offset
-            self.fileobj.seek(self.offset + realpos)
-            self.position += size
-            return self.fileobj.read(size)
-        else:
-            self.position += size
-            return NUL * size
+            while True:
+                data, start, stop, offset = self.map[self.map_index]
+                if start <= self.position < stop:
+                    break
+                else:
+                    self.map_index += 1
+                    if self.map_index == len(self.map):
+                        self.map_index = 0
+            length = min(size, stop - self.position)
+            if data:
+                self.fileobj.seek(offset)
+                block = self.fileobj.read(stop - start)
+                buf += block[self.position - start:self.position + length]
+            else:
+                buf += NUL * length
+            size -= length
+            self.position += length
+        return buf
 #class _FileInFile
 
 
@@ -1367,28 +1361,15 @@ class TarInfo(object):
                     numbytes = nti(buf[pos + 12:pos + 24])
                 except ValueError:
                     break
-                structs.append((offset, numbytes))
+                if offset and numbytes:
+                    structs.append((offset, numbytes))
                 pos += 24
             isextended = bool(buf[504])
-
-        # Transform the sparse structures to something we can use
-        # in ExFileObject.
-        self.sparse = _ringbuffer()
-        lastpos = 0
-        realpos = 0
-        for offset, numbytes in structs:
-            if offset > lastpos:
-                self.sparse.append(_hole(lastpos, offset - lastpos))
-            self.sparse.append(_data(offset, numbytes, realpos))
-            realpos += numbytes
-            lastpos = offset + numbytes
-        if lastpos < origsize:
-            self.sparse.append(_hole(lastpos, origsize - lastpos))
+        self.sparse = structs
 
         self.offset_data = tarfile.fileobj.tell()
         tarfile.offset = self.offset_data + self._block(self.size)
         self.size = origsize
-
         return self
 
     def _proc_pax(self, tarfile):
@@ -1464,6 +1445,19 @@ class TarInfo(object):
         except HeaderError:
             raise SubsequentHeaderError("missing or bad subsequent header")
 
+        # Process GNU sparse information.
+        if "GNU.sparse.map" in pax_headers:
+            # GNU extended sparse format version 0.1.
+            self._proc_gnusparse_01(next, pax_headers)
+
+        elif "GNU.sparse.size" in pax_headers:
+            # GNU extended sparse format version 0.0.
+            self._proc_gnusparse_00(next, pax_headers, buf)
+
+        elif pax_headers.get("GNU.sparse.major") == "1" and pax_headers.get("GNU.sparse.minor") == "0":
+            # GNU extended sparse format version 1.0.
+            self._proc_gnusparse_10(next, pax_headers, tarfile)
+
         if self.type in (XHDTYPE, SOLARIS_XHDTYPE):
             # Patch the TarInfo object with the extended header info.
             next._apply_pax_info(pax_headers, tarfile.encoding, tarfile.errors)
@@ -1480,24 +1474,59 @@ class TarInfo(object):
 
         return next
 
+    def _proc_gnusparse_00(self, next, pax_headers, buf):
+        """Process a GNU tar extended sparse header, version 0.0.
+        """
+        offsets = []
+        for match in re.finditer(br"\d+ GNU.sparse.offset=(\d+)\n", buf):
+            offsets.append(int(match.group(1)))
+        numbytes = []
+        for match in re.finditer(br"\d+ GNU.sparse.numbytes=(\d+)\n", buf):
+            numbytes.append(int(match.group(1)))
+        next.sparse = list(zip(offsets, numbytes))
+
+    def _proc_gnusparse_01(self, next, pax_headers):
+        """Process a GNU tar extended sparse header, version 0.1.
+        """
+        sparse = [int(x) for x in pax_headers["GNU.sparse.map"].split(",")]
+        next.sparse = list(zip(sparse[::2], sparse[1::2]))
+
+    def _proc_gnusparse_10(self, next, pax_headers, tarfile):
+        """Process a GNU tar extended sparse header, version 1.0.
+        """
+        fields = None
+        sparse = []
+        buf = tarfile.fileobj.read(BLOCKSIZE)
+        fields, buf = buf.split(b"\n", 1)
+        fields = int(fields)
+        while len(sparse) < fields * 2:
+            if b"\n" not in buf:
+                buf += tarfile.fileobj.read(BLOCKSIZE)
+            number, buf = buf.split(b"\n", 1)
+            sparse.append(int(number))
+        next.offset_data = tarfile.fileobj.tell()
+        next.sparse = list(zip(sparse[::2], sparse[1::2]))
+
     def _apply_pax_info(self, pax_headers, encoding, errors):
         """Replace fields with supplemental information from a previous
            pax extended or global header.
         """
         for keyword, value in pax_headers.items():
-            if keyword not in PAX_FIELDS:
-                continue
-
-            if keyword == "path":
-                value = value.rstrip("/")
-
-            if keyword in PAX_NUMBER_FIELDS:
-                try:
-                    value = PAX_NUMBER_FIELDS[keyword](value)
-                except ValueError:
-                    value = 0
-
-            setattr(self, keyword, value)
+            if keyword == "GNU.sparse.name":
+                setattr(self, "path", value)
+            elif keyword == "GNU.sparse.size":
+                setattr(self, "size", int(value))
+            elif keyword == "GNU.sparse.realsize":
+                setattr(self, "size", int(value))
+            elif keyword in PAX_FIELDS:
+                if keyword in PAX_NUMBER_FIELDS:
+                    try:
+                        value = PAX_NUMBER_FIELDS[keyword](value)
+                    except ValueError:
+                        value = 0
+                if keyword == "path":
+                    value = value.rstrip("/")
+                setattr(self, keyword, value)
 
         self.pax_headers = pax_headers.copy()
 
@@ -1535,7 +1564,7 @@ class TarInfo(object):
     def isfifo(self):
         return self.type == FIFOTYPE
     def issparse(self):
-        return self.type == GNUTYPE_SPARSE
+        return self.sparse is not None
     def isdev(self):
         return self.type in (CHRTYPE, BLKTYPE, FIFOTYPE)
 # class TarInfo
@@ -2255,10 +2284,17 @@ class TarFile(object):
     def makefile(self, tarinfo, targetpath):
         """Make a file called targetpath.
         """
-        source = self.extractfile(tarinfo)
+        source = self.fileobj
+        source.seek(tarinfo.offset_data)
         target = bltn_open(targetpath, "wb")
-        copyfileobj(source, target)
-        source.close()
+        if tarinfo.sparse is not None:
+            for offset, size in tarinfo.sparse:
+                target.seek(offset)
+                copyfileobj(source, target, size)
+        else:
+            copyfileobj(source, target, tarinfo.size)
+        target.seek(tarinfo.size)
+        target.truncate()
         target.close()
 
     def makeunknown(self, tarinfo, targetpath):
@@ -2544,49 +2580,6 @@ class TarIter:
         self.index += 1
         return tarinfo
 
-# Helper classes for sparse file support
-class _section:
-    """Base class for _data and _hole.
-    """
-    def __init__(self, offset, size):
-        self.offset = offset
-        self.size = size
-    def __contains__(self, offset):
-        return self.offset <= offset < self.offset + self.size
-
-class _data(_section):
-    """Represent a data section in a sparse file.
-    """
-    def __init__(self, offset, size, realpos):
-        _section.__init__(self, offset, size)
-        self.realpos = realpos
-
-class _hole(_section):
-    """Represent a hole section in a sparse file.
-    """
-    pass
-
-class _ringbuffer(list):
-    """Ringbuffer class which increases performance
-       over a regular list.
-    """
-    def __init__(self):
-        self.idx = 0
-    def find(self, offset):
-        idx = self.idx
-        while True:
-            item = self[idx]
-            if offset in item:
-                break
-            idx += 1
-            if idx == len(self):
-                idx = 0
-            if idx == self.idx:
-                # End of File
-                return None
-        self.idx = idx
-        return item
-
 #--------------------
 # exported functions
 #--------------------
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_tarfile.py b/Lib/test/test_tarfile.py
index 3a217dc..8dc3ff9 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_tarfile.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_tarfile.py
@@ -526,6 +526,22 @@ class MemberReadTest(ReadTest):
         tarinfo = self.tar.getmember("ustar/sparse")
         self._test_member(tarinfo, size=86016, chksum=md5_sparse)
 
+    def test_find_gnusparse(self):
+        tarinfo = self.tar.getmember("gnu/sparse")
+        self._test_member(tarinfo, size=86016, chksum=md5_sparse)
+
+    def test_find_gnusparse_00(self):
+        tarinfo = self.tar.getmember("gnu/sparse-0.0")
+        self._test_member(tarinfo, size=86016, chksum=md5_sparse)
+
+    def test_find_gnusparse_01(self):
+        tarinfo = self.tar.getmember("gnu/sparse-0.1")
+        self._test_member(tarinfo, size=86016, chksum=md5_sparse)
+
+    def test_find_gnusparse_10(self):
+        tarinfo = self.tar.getmember("gnu/sparse-1.0")
+        self._test_member(tarinfo, size=86016, chksum=md5_sparse)
+
     def test_find_umlauts(self):
         tarinfo = self.tar.getmember("ustar/umlauts-\xc4\xd6\xdc\xe4\xf6\xfc\xdf")
         self._test_member(tarinfo, size=7011, chksum=md5_regtype)
@@ -589,13 +605,53 @@ class GNUReadTest(LongnameTest):
     subdir = "gnu"
     longnametype = tarfile.GNUTYPE_LONGNAME
 
-    def test_sparse_file(self):
-        tarinfo1 = self.tar.getmember("ustar/sparse")
-        fobj1 = self.tar.extractfile(tarinfo1)
-        tarinfo2 = self.tar.getmember("gnu/sparse")
-        fobj2 = self.tar.extractfile(tarinfo2)
-        self.assertEqual(fobj1.read(), fobj2.read(),
-                "sparse file extraction failed")
+    # Since 3.2 tarfile is supposed to accurately restore sparse members and
+    # produce files with holes. This is what we actually want to test here.
+    # Unfortunately, not all platforms/filesystems support sparse files, and
+    # even on platforms that do it is non-trivial to make reliable assertions
+    # about holes in files. Therefore, we first do one basic test which works
+    # an all platforms, and after that a test that will work only on
+    # platforms/filesystems that prove to support sparse files.
+    def _test_sparse_file(self, name):
+        self.tar.extract(name, TEMPDIR)
+        filename = os.path.join(TEMPDIR, name)
+        with open(filename, "rb") as fobj:
+            data = fobj.read()
+        self.assertEqual(md5sum(data), md5_sparse,
+                "wrong md5sum for %s" % name)
+
+        if self._fs_supports_holes():
+            s = os.stat(filename)
+            self.assertTrue(s.st_blocks * 512 < s.st_size)
+
+    def test_sparse_file_old(self):
+        self._test_sparse_file("gnu/sparse")
+
+    def test_sparse_file_00(self):
+        self._test_sparse_file("gnu/sparse-0.0")
+
+    def test_sparse_file_01(self):
+        self._test_sparse_file("gnu/sparse-0.1")
+
+    def test_sparse_file_10(self):
+        self._test_sparse_file("gnu/sparse-1.0")
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _fs_supports_holes():
+        # Return True if the platform knows the st_blocks stat attribute and
+        # uses st_blocks units of 512 bytes, and if the filesystem is able to
+        # store holes in files.
+        if sys.platform == "linux2":
+            # Linux evidentially has 512 byte st_blocks units.
+            name = os.path.join(TEMPDIR, "sparse-test")
+            with open(name, "wb") as fobj:
+                fobj.seek(4096)
+                fobj.truncate()
+            s = os.stat(name)
+            os.remove(name)
+            return s.st_blocks == 0
+        else:
+            return False
 
 
 class PaxReadTest(LongnameTest):
diff --git a/Lib/test/testtar.tar b/Lib/test/testtar.tar
index dc1942c..b932104 100644
--- a/Lib/test/testtar.tar
+++ b/Lib/test/testtar.tar
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS b/Misc/NEWS
index e194d44..7fd0d7b 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS
+++ b/Misc/NEWS
@@ -54,6 +54,9 @@ Core and Builtins
 Library
 -------
 
+- tarfile.py: Add support for all missing variants of the GNU sparse
+  extensions and create files with holes when extracting sparse members.
+
 - Issue #10218: Return timeout status from ``Condition.wait`` in threading.
 
 - Issue #7351: Add ``zipfile.BadZipFile`` spelling of the exception name