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author | Georg Brandl <georg@python.org> | 2010-10-06 10:11:56 (GMT) |
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committer | Georg Brandl <georg@python.org> | 2010-10-06 10:11:56 (GMT) |
commit | 60203b41b03d03361754d264543d5fbe6259eb25 (patch) | |
tree | 005d0d6be6437244ae360ebc0d65fa7b149a8093 /Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst | |
parent | 64a41edb039afee683d69bd6f72e3709ff11bd93 (diff) | |
download | cpython-60203b41b03d03361754d264543d5fbe6259eb25.zip cpython-60203b41b03d03361754d264543d5fbe6259eb25.tar.gz cpython-60203b41b03d03361754d264543d5fbe6259eb25.tar.bz2 |
Migrate to Sphinx 1.0 C language constructs.
Diffstat (limited to 'Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst')
-rw-r--r-- | Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst | 290 |
1 files changed, 145 insertions, 145 deletions
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst b/Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst index 367ba3e..3fce3b2 100644 --- a/Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst +++ b/Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst @@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ Exception Handling The functions described in this chapter will let you handle and raise Python exceptions. It is important to understand some of the basics of Python -exception handling. It works somewhat like the Unix :cdata:`errno` variable: +exception handling. It works somewhat like the Unix :c:data:`errno` variable: there is a global indicator (per thread) of the last error that occurred. Most functions don't clear this on success, but will set it to indicate the cause of the error on failure. Most functions also return an error indicator, usually *NULL* if they are supposed to return a pointer, or ``-1`` if they return an -integer (exception: the :cfunc:`PyArg_\*` functions return ``1`` for success and +integer (exception: the :c:func:`PyArg_\*` functions return ``1`` for success and ``0`` for failure). When a function must fail because some function it called failed, it generally @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ in various ways. There is a separate error indicator for each thread. Either alphabetical or some kind of structure. -.. cfunction:: void PyErr_PrintEx(int set_sys_last_vars) +.. c:function:: void PyErr_PrintEx(int set_sys_last_vars) Print a standard traceback to ``sys.stderr`` and clear the error indicator. Call this function only when the error indicator is set. (Otherwise it will @@ -46,35 +46,35 @@ in various ways. There is a separate error indicator for each thread. type, value and traceback of the printed exception, respectively. -.. cfunction:: void PyErr_Print() +.. c:function:: void PyErr_Print() Alias for ``PyErr_PrintEx(1)``. -.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyErr_Occurred() +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyErr_Occurred() Test whether the error indicator is set. If set, return the exception *type* - (the first argument to the last call to one of the :cfunc:`PyErr_Set\*` - functions or to :cfunc:`PyErr_Restore`). If not set, return *NULL*. You do not - own a reference to the return value, so you do not need to :cfunc:`Py_DECREF` + (the first argument to the last call to one of the :c:func:`PyErr_Set\*` + functions or to :c:func:`PyErr_Restore`). If not set, return *NULL*. You do not + own a reference to the return value, so you do not need to :c:func:`Py_DECREF` it. .. note:: Do not compare the return value to a specific exception; use - :cfunc:`PyErr_ExceptionMatches` instead, shown below. (The comparison could + :c:func:`PyErr_ExceptionMatches` instead, shown below. (The comparison could easily fail since the exception may be an instance instead of a class, in the case of a class exception, or it may the a subclass of the expected exception.) -.. cfunction:: int PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyObject *exc) +.. c:function:: int PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyObject *exc) Equivalent to ``PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(PyErr_Occurred(), exc)``. This should only be called when an exception is actually set; a memory access violation will occur if no exception has been raised. -.. cfunction:: int PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(PyObject *given, PyObject *exc) +.. c:function:: int PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(PyObject *given, PyObject *exc) Return true if the *given* exception matches the exception in *exc*. If *exc* is a class object, this also returns true when *given* is an instance @@ -82,22 +82,22 @@ in various ways. There is a separate error indicator for each thread. recursively in subtuples) are searched for a match. -.. cfunction:: void PyErr_NormalizeException(PyObject**exc, PyObject**val, PyObject**tb) +.. c:function:: void PyErr_NormalizeException(PyObject**exc, PyObject**val, PyObject**tb) - Under certain circumstances, the values returned by :cfunc:`PyErr_Fetch` below + Under certain circumstances, the values returned by :c:func:`PyErr_Fetch` below can be "unnormalized", meaning that ``*exc`` is a class object but ``*val`` is not an instance of the same class. This function can be used to instantiate the class in that case. If the values are already normalized, nothing happens. The delayed normalization is implemented to improve performance. -.. cfunction:: void PyErr_Clear() +.. c:function:: void PyErr_Clear() Clear the error indicator. If the error indicator is not set, there is no effect. -.. cfunction:: void PyErr_Fetch(PyObject **ptype, PyObject **pvalue, PyObject **ptraceback) +.. c:function:: void PyErr_Fetch(PyObject **ptype, PyObject **pvalue, PyObject **ptraceback) Retrieve the error indicator into three variables whose addresses are passed. If the error indicator is not set, set all three variables to *NULL*. If it is @@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ in various ways. There is a separate error indicator for each thread. by code that needs to save and restore the error indicator temporarily. -.. cfunction:: void PyErr_Restore(PyObject *type, PyObject *value, PyObject *traceback) +.. c:function:: void PyErr_Restore(PyObject *type, PyObject *value, PyObject *traceback) Set the error indicator from the three objects. If the error indicator is already set, it is cleared first. If the objects are *NULL*, the error @@ -125,29 +125,29 @@ in various ways. There is a separate error indicator for each thread. .. note:: This function is normally only used by code that needs to save and restore the - error indicator temporarily; use :cfunc:`PyErr_Fetch` to save the current + error indicator temporarily; use :c:func:`PyErr_Fetch` to save the current exception state. -.. cfunction:: void PyErr_SetString(PyObject *type, const char *message) +.. c:function:: void PyErr_SetString(PyObject *type, const char *message) This is the most common way to set the error indicator. The first argument specifies the exception type; it is normally one of the standard exceptions, - e.g. :cdata:`PyExc_RuntimeError`. You need not increment its reference count. + e.g. :c:data:`PyExc_RuntimeError`. You need not increment its reference count. The second argument is an error message; it is converted to a string object. -.. cfunction:: void PyErr_SetObject(PyObject *type, PyObject *value) +.. c:function:: void PyErr_SetObject(PyObject *type, PyObject *value) - This function is similar to :cfunc:`PyErr_SetString` but lets you specify an + This function is similar to :c:func:`PyErr_SetString` but lets you specify an arbitrary Python object for the "value" of the exception. -.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyErr_Format(PyObject *exception, const char *format, ...) +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyErr_Format(PyObject *exception, const char *format, ...) This function sets the error indicator and returns *NULL*. *exception* should be a Python exception (class, not an instance). *format* should be an ASCII-encoded string, - containing format codes, similar to :cfunc:`printf`. The ``width.precision`` + containing format codes, similar to :c:func:`printf`. The ``width.precision`` before a format code is parsed, but the width part is ignored. .. % This should be exactly the same as the table in PyString_FromFormat. @@ -220,81 +220,81 @@ in various ways. There is a separate error indicator for each thread. Support for `"%lld"` and `"%llu"` added. -.. cfunction:: void PyErr_SetNone(PyObject *type) +.. c:function:: void PyErr_SetNone(PyObject *type) This is a shorthand for ``PyErr_SetObject(type, Py_None)``. -.. cfunction:: int PyErr_BadArgument() +.. c:function:: int PyErr_BadArgument() This is a shorthand for ``PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, message)``, where *message* indicates that a built-in operation was invoked with an illegal argument. It is mostly for internal use. -.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyErr_NoMemory() +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyErr_NoMemory() This is a shorthand for ``PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_MemoryError)``; it returns *NULL* so an object allocation function can write ``return PyErr_NoMemory();`` when it runs out of memory. -.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyObject *type) +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyObject *type) .. index:: single: strerror() This is a convenience function to raise an exception when a C library function - has returned an error and set the C variable :cdata:`errno`. It constructs a - tuple object whose first item is the integer :cdata:`errno` value and whose - second item is the corresponding error message (gotten from :cfunc:`strerror`), + has returned an error and set the C variable :c:data:`errno`. It constructs a + tuple object whose first item is the integer :c:data:`errno` value and whose + second item is the corresponding error message (gotten from :c:func:`strerror`), and then calls ``PyErr_SetObject(type, object)``. On Unix, when the - :cdata:`errno` value is :const:`EINTR`, indicating an interrupted system call, - this calls :cfunc:`PyErr_CheckSignals`, and if that set the error indicator, + :c:data:`errno` value is :const:`EINTR`, indicating an interrupted system call, + this calls :c:func:`PyErr_CheckSignals`, and if that set the error indicator, leaves it set to that. The function always returns *NULL*, so a wrapper function around a system call can write ``return PyErr_SetFromErrno(type);`` when the system call returns an error. -.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename(PyObject *type, const char *filename) +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename(PyObject *type, const char *filename) - Similar to :cfunc:`PyErr_SetFromErrno`, with the additional behavior that if + Similar to :c:func:`PyErr_SetFromErrno`, with the additional behavior that if *filename* is not *NULL*, it is passed to the constructor of *type* as a third parameter. In the case of exceptions such as :exc:`IOError` and :exc:`OSError`, this is used to define the :attr:`filename` attribute of the exception instance. -.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr(int ierr) +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr(int ierr) This is a convenience function to raise :exc:`WindowsError`. If called with - *ierr* of :cdata:`0`, the error code returned by a call to :cfunc:`GetLastError` - is used instead. It calls the Win32 function :cfunc:`FormatMessage` to retrieve - the Windows description of error code given by *ierr* or :cfunc:`GetLastError`, + *ierr* of :c:data:`0`, the error code returned by a call to :c:func:`GetLastError` + is used instead. It calls the Win32 function :c:func:`FormatMessage` to retrieve + the Windows description of error code given by *ierr* or :c:func:`GetLastError`, then it constructs a tuple object whose first item is the *ierr* value and whose second item is the corresponding error message (gotten from - :cfunc:`FormatMessage`), and then calls ``PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_WindowsError, + :c:func:`FormatMessage`), and then calls ``PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_WindowsError, object)``. This function always returns *NULL*. Availability: Windows. -.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErr(PyObject *type, int ierr) +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErr(PyObject *type, int ierr) - Similar to :cfunc:`PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr`, with an additional parameter + Similar to :c:func:`PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr`, with an additional parameter specifying the exception type to be raised. Availability: Windows. -.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilename(int ierr, const char *filename) +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilename(int ierr, const char *filename) - Similar to :cfunc:`PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr`, with the additional behavior that + Similar to :c:func:`PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr`, with the additional behavior that if *filename* is not *NULL*, it is passed to the constructor of :exc:`WindowsError` as a third parameter. Availability: Windows. -.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilename(PyObject *type, int ierr, char *filename) +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilename(PyObject *type, int ierr, char *filename) - Similar to :cfunc:`PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilename`, with an additional + Similar to :c:func:`PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilename`, with an additional parameter specifying the exception type to be raised. Availability: Windows. -.. cfunction:: void PyErr_SyntaxLocationEx(char *filename, int lineno, int col_offset) +.. c:function:: void PyErr_SyntaxLocationEx(char *filename, int lineno, int col_offset) Set file, line, and offset information for the current exception. If the current exception is not a :exc:`SyntaxError`, then it sets additional @@ -304,13 +304,13 @@ in various ways. There is a separate error indicator for each thread. .. versionadded:: 3.2 -.. cfunction:: void PyErr_SyntaxLocation(char *filename, int lineno) +.. c:function:: void PyErr_SyntaxLocation(char *filename, int lineno) - Like :cfunc:`PyErr_SyntaxLocationExc`, but the col_offset parameter is + Like :c:func:`PyErr_SyntaxLocationExc`, but the col_offset parameter is omitted. -.. cfunction:: void PyErr_BadInternalCall() +.. c:function:: void PyErr_BadInternalCall() This is a shorthand for ``PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError, message)``, where *message* indicates that an internal operation (e.g. a Python/C API @@ -318,13 +318,13 @@ in various ways. There is a separate error indicator for each thread. use. -.. cfunction:: int PyErr_WarnEx(PyObject *category, char *message, int stack_level) +.. c:function:: int PyErr_WarnEx(PyObject *category, char *message, int stack_level) Issue a warning message. The *category* argument is a warning category (see below) or *NULL*; the *message* argument is a message string. *stack_level* is a positive number giving a number of stack frames; the warning will be issued from the currently executing line of code in that stack frame. A *stack_level* of 1 - is the function calling :cfunc:`PyErr_WarnEx`, 2 is the function above that, + is the function calling :c:func:`PyErr_WarnEx`, 2 is the function above that, and so forth. This function normally prints a warning message to *sys.stderr*; however, it is @@ -336,26 +336,26 @@ in various ways. There is a separate error indicator for each thread. is raised. (It is not possible to determine whether a warning message is actually printed, nor what the reason is for the exception; this is intentional.) If an exception is raised, the caller should do its normal - exception handling (for example, :cfunc:`Py_DECREF` owned references and return + exception handling (for example, :c:func:`Py_DECREF` owned references and return an error value). - Warning categories must be subclasses of :cdata:`Warning`; the default warning - category is :cdata:`RuntimeWarning`. The standard Python warning categories are + Warning categories must be subclasses of :c:data:`Warning`; the default warning + category is :c:data:`RuntimeWarning`. The standard Python warning categories are available as global variables whose names are ``PyExc_`` followed by the Python - exception name. These have the type :ctype:`PyObject\*`; they are all class - objects. Their names are :cdata:`PyExc_Warning`, :cdata:`PyExc_UserWarning`, - :cdata:`PyExc_UnicodeWarning`, :cdata:`PyExc_DeprecationWarning`, - :cdata:`PyExc_SyntaxWarning`, :cdata:`PyExc_RuntimeWarning`, and - :cdata:`PyExc_FutureWarning`. :cdata:`PyExc_Warning` is a subclass of - :cdata:`PyExc_Exception`; the other warning categories are subclasses of - :cdata:`PyExc_Warning`. + exception name. These have the type :c:type:`PyObject\*`; they are all class + objects. Their names are :c:data:`PyExc_Warning`, :c:data:`PyExc_UserWarning`, + :c:data:`PyExc_UnicodeWarning`, :c:data:`PyExc_DeprecationWarning`, + :c:data:`PyExc_SyntaxWarning`, :c:data:`PyExc_RuntimeWarning`, and + :c:data:`PyExc_FutureWarning`. :c:data:`PyExc_Warning` is a subclass of + :c:data:`PyExc_Exception`; the other warning categories are subclasses of + :c:data:`PyExc_Warning`. For information about warning control, see the documentation for the :mod:`warnings` module and the :option:`-W` option in the command line documentation. There is no C API for warning control. -.. cfunction:: int PyErr_WarnExplicit(PyObject *category, const char *message, const char *filename, int lineno, const char *module, PyObject *registry) +.. c:function:: int PyErr_WarnExplicit(PyObject *category, const char *message, const char *filename, int lineno, const char *module, PyObject *registry) Issue a warning message with explicit control over all warning attributes. This is a straightforward wrapper around the Python function @@ -364,14 +364,14 @@ in various ways. There is a separate error indicator for each thread. described there. -.. cfunction:: int PyErr_WarnFormat(PyObject *category, Py_ssize_t stack_level, const char *format, ...) +.. c:function:: int PyErr_WarnFormat(PyObject *category, Py_ssize_t stack_level, const char *format, ...) - Function similar to :cfunc:`PyErr_WarnEx`, but use - :cfunc:`PyUnicode_FromFormatV` to format the warning message. + Function similar to :c:func:`PyErr_WarnEx`, but use + :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormatV` to format the warning message. .. versionadded:: 3.2 -.. cfunction:: int PyErr_CheckSignals() +.. c:function:: int PyErr_CheckSignals() .. index:: module: signal @@ -388,21 +388,21 @@ in various ways. There is a separate error indicator for each thread. cleared if it was previously set. -.. cfunction:: void PyErr_SetInterrupt() +.. c:function:: void PyErr_SetInterrupt() .. index:: single: SIGINT single: KeyboardInterrupt (built-in exception) This function simulates the effect of a :const:`SIGINT` signal arriving --- the - next time :cfunc:`PyErr_CheckSignals` is called, :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` will + next time :c:func:`PyErr_CheckSignals` is called, :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` will be raised. It may be called without holding the interpreter lock. .. % XXX This was described as obsolete, but is used in .. % _thread.interrupt_main() (used from IDLE), so it's still needed. -.. cfunction:: int PySignal_SetWakeupFd(int fd) +.. c:function:: int PySignal_SetWakeupFd(int fd) This utility function specifies a file descriptor to which a ``'\0'`` byte will be written whenever a signal is received. It returns the previous such file @@ -412,13 +412,13 @@ in various ways. There is a separate error indicator for each thread. only be called from the main thread. -.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyErr_NewException(char *name, PyObject *base, PyObject *dict) +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyErr_NewException(char *name, PyObject *base, PyObject *dict) This utility function creates and returns a new exception object. The *name* argument must be the name of the new exception, a C string of the form ``module.class``. The *base* and *dict* arguments are normally *NULL*. This creates a class object derived from :exc:`Exception` (accessible in C as - :cdata:`PyExc_Exception`). + :c:data:`PyExc_Exception`). The :attr:`__module__` attribute of the new class is set to the first part (up to the last dot) of the *name* argument, and the class name is set to the last @@ -427,16 +427,16 @@ in various ways. There is a separate error indicator for each thread. argument can be used to specify a dictionary of class variables and methods. -.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyErr_NewExceptionWithDoc(char *name, char *doc, PyObject *base, PyObject *dict) +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyErr_NewExceptionWithDoc(char *name, char *doc, PyObject *base, PyObject *dict) - Same as :cfunc:`PyErr_NewException`, except that the new exception class can + Same as :c:func:`PyErr_NewException`, except that the new exception class can easily be given a docstring: If *doc* is non-*NULL*, it will be used as the docstring for the exception class. .. versionadded:: 3.2 -.. cfunction:: void PyErr_WriteUnraisable(PyObject *obj) +.. c:function:: void PyErr_WriteUnraisable(PyObject *obj) This utility function prints a warning message to ``sys.stderr`` when an exception has been set but it is impossible for the interpreter to actually @@ -451,20 +451,20 @@ in various ways. There is a separate error indicator for each thread. Exception Objects ================= -.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyException_GetTraceback(PyObject *ex) +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyException_GetTraceback(PyObject *ex) Return the traceback associated with the exception as a new reference, as accessible from Python through :attr:`__traceback__`. If there is no traceback associated, this returns *NULL*. -.. cfunction:: int PyException_SetTraceback(PyObject *ex, PyObject *tb) +.. c:function:: int PyException_SetTraceback(PyObject *ex, PyObject *tb) Set the traceback associated with the exception to *tb*. Use ``Py_None`` to clear it. -.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyException_GetContext(PyObject *ex) +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyException_GetContext(PyObject *ex) Return the context (another exception instance during whose handling *ex* was raised) associated with the exception as a new reference, as accessible from @@ -472,14 +472,14 @@ Exception Objects returns *NULL*. -.. cfunction:: void PyException_SetContext(PyObject *ex, PyObject *ctx) +.. c:function:: void PyException_SetContext(PyObject *ex, PyObject *ctx) Set the context associated with the exception to *ctx*. Use *NULL* to clear it. There is no type check to make sure that *ctx* is an exception instance. This steals a reference to *ctx*. -.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyException_GetCause(PyObject *ex) +.. c:function:: PyObject* PyException_GetCause(PyObject *ex) Return the cause (another exception instance set by ``raise ... from ...``) associated with the exception as a new reference, as accessible from Python @@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ Exception Objects *NULL*. -.. cfunction:: void PyException_SetCause(PyObject *ex, PyObject *ctx) +.. c:function:: void PyException_SetCause(PyObject *ex, PyObject *ctx) Set the cause associated with the exception to *ctx*. Use *NULL* to clear it. There is no type check to make sure that *ctx* is an exception instance. @@ -502,12 +502,12 @@ level, both in the core and in extension modules. They are needed if the recursive code does not necessarily invoke Python code (which tracks its recursion depth automatically). -.. cfunction:: int Py_EnterRecursiveCall(char *where) +.. c:function:: int Py_EnterRecursiveCall(char *where) Marks a point where a recursive C-level call is about to be performed. If :const:`USE_STACKCHECK` is defined, this function checks if the the OS - stack overflowed using :cfunc:`PyOS_CheckStack`. In this is the case, it + stack overflowed using :c:func:`PyOS_CheckStack`. In this is the case, it sets a :exc:`MemoryError` and returns a nonzero value. The function then checks if the recursion limit is reached. If this is the @@ -518,10 +518,10 @@ recursion depth automatically). concatenated to the :exc:`RuntimeError` message caused by the recursion depth limit. -.. cfunction:: void Py_LeaveRecursiveCall() +.. c:function:: void Py_LeaveRecursiveCall() - Ends a :cfunc:`Py_EnterRecursiveCall`. Must be called once for each - *successful* invocation of :cfunc:`Py_EnterRecursiveCall`. + Ends a :c:func:`Py_EnterRecursiveCall`. Must be called once for each + *successful* invocation of :c:func:`Py_EnterRecursiveCall`. .. _standardexceptions: @@ -531,68 +531,68 @@ Standard Exceptions All standard Python exceptions are available as global variables whose names are ``PyExc_`` followed by the Python exception name. These have the type -:ctype:`PyObject\*`; they are all class objects. For completeness, here are all +:c:type:`PyObject\*`; they are all class objects. For completeness, here are all the variables: -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| C Name | Python Name | Notes | -+====================================+============================+==========+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_BaseException` | :exc:`BaseException` | \(1) | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_Exception` | :exc:`Exception` | \(1) | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_ArithmeticError` | :exc:`ArithmeticError` | \(1) | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_LookupError` | :exc:`LookupError` | \(1) | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_AssertionError` | :exc:`AssertionError` | | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_AttributeError` | :exc:`AttributeError` | | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_EOFError` | :exc:`EOFError` | | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_EnvironmentError` | :exc:`EnvironmentError` | \(1) | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_FloatingPointError` | :exc:`FloatingPointError` | | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_IOError` | :exc:`IOError` | | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_ImportError` | :exc:`ImportError` | | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_IndexError` | :exc:`IndexError` | | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_KeyError` | :exc:`KeyError` | | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_KeyboardInterrupt` | :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` | | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_MemoryError` | :exc:`MemoryError` | | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_NameError` | :exc:`NameError` | | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_NotImplementedError` | :exc:`NotImplementedError` | | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_OSError` | :exc:`OSError` | | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_OverflowError` | :exc:`OverflowError` | | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_ReferenceError` | :exc:`ReferenceError` | \(2) | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_RuntimeError` | :exc:`RuntimeError` | | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_SyntaxError` | :exc:`SyntaxError` | | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_SystemError` | :exc:`SystemError` | | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_SystemExit` | :exc:`SystemExit` | | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_TypeError` | :exc:`TypeError` | | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_ValueError` | :exc:`ValueError` | | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_WindowsError` | :exc:`WindowsError` | \(3) | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ -| :cdata:`PyExc_ZeroDivisionError` | :exc:`ZeroDivisionError` | | -+------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| C Name | Python Name | Notes | ++=====================================+============================+==========+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_BaseException` | :exc:`BaseException` | \(1) | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_Exception` | :exc:`Exception` | \(1) | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_ArithmeticError` | :exc:`ArithmeticError` | \(1) | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_LookupError` | :exc:`LookupError` | \(1) | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_AssertionError` | :exc:`AssertionError` | | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_AttributeError` | :exc:`AttributeError` | | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_EOFError` | :exc:`EOFError` | | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_EnvironmentError` | :exc:`EnvironmentError` | \(1) | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_FloatingPointError` | :exc:`FloatingPointError` | | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_IOError` | :exc:`IOError` | | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_ImportError` | :exc:`ImportError` | | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_IndexError` | :exc:`IndexError` | | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_KeyError` | :exc:`KeyError` | | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_KeyboardInterrupt` | :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` | | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_MemoryError` | :exc:`MemoryError` | | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_NameError` | :exc:`NameError` | | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_NotImplementedError` | :exc:`NotImplementedError` | | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_OSError` | :exc:`OSError` | | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_OverflowError` | :exc:`OverflowError` | | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_ReferenceError` | :exc:`ReferenceError` | \(2) | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_RuntimeError` | :exc:`RuntimeError` | | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_SyntaxError` | :exc:`SyntaxError` | | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_SystemError` | :exc:`SystemError` | | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_SystemExit` | :exc:`SystemExit` | | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_TypeError` | :exc:`TypeError` | | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_ValueError` | :exc:`ValueError` | | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_WindowsError` | :exc:`WindowsError` | \(3) | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ +| :c:data:`PyExc_ZeroDivisionError` | :exc:`ZeroDivisionError` | | ++-------------------------------------+----------------------------+----------+ .. index:: single: PyExc_BaseException |