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authorFred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>1999-02-17 18:12:14 (GMT)
committerFred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>1999-02-17 18:12:14 (GMT)
commit8e0151725d91ac0677f04cdd2e964abdd2fe6e9f (patch)
tree8e5fcbfc97b5f50607e7b976f8ae5a5887112275 /Doc/ext
parentdce019ed79179fb82597a2c6808d9be5213a738c (diff)
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Small updates and grammatical adjustments.
Remove comment about this manual being out of date from the abstract.
Diffstat (limited to 'Doc/ext')
-rw-r--r--Doc/ext/ext.tex52
1 files changed, 28 insertions, 24 deletions
diff --git a/Doc/ext/ext.tex b/Doc/ext/ext.tex
index 4f527d5..6166954 100644
--- a/Doc/ext/ext.tex
+++ b/Doc/ext/ext.tex
@@ -51,10 +51,7 @@ functions and modules (both built-in and written in Python) that give
the language its wide application range.
For a detailed description of the whole Python/C API, see the separate
-\emph{Python/C API Reference Manual}. \strong{Note:} While that
-manual is still in a state of flux, it is safe to say that it is much
-more up to date than the manual you're reading currently (which has
-been in need for an upgrade for some time now).
+\emph{Python/C API Reference Manual}.
\end{abstract}
@@ -62,12 +59,9 @@ been in need for an upgrade for some time now).
\tableofcontents
-\chapter{Extending Python with C or \Cpp{} code}
+\chapter{Extending Python with C or \Cpp{} \label{intro}}
-%\section{Introduction}
-\label{intro}
-
It is quite easy to add new built-in modules to Python, if you know
how to program in C. Such \dfn{extension modules} can do two things
that can't be done directly in Python: they can implement new built-in
@@ -753,9 +747,7 @@ Some example calls:
long k, l;
char *s;
int size;
-\end{verbatim}
-\begin{verbatim}
ok = PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""); /* No arguments */
/* Python call: f() */
\end{verbatim}
@@ -1016,11 +1008,10 @@ Examples (to the left the call, to the right the resulting Python value):
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) (((1, 2), (3, 4)), (5, 6))
\end{verbatim}
+
\section{Reference Counts
\label{refcounts}}
-%\subsection{Introduction}
-
In languages like C or \Cpp{}, the programmer is responsible for
dynamic allocation and deallocation of memory on the heap. In C,
this is done using the functions \cfunction{malloc()} and
@@ -1129,6 +1120,7 @@ which the reference was borrowed --- it creates a new owned reference,
and gives full owner responsibilities (i.e., the new owner must
dispose of the reference properly, as well as the previous owner).
+
\subsection{Ownership Rules
\label{ownershipRules}}
@@ -1179,6 +1171,7 @@ The object reference returned from a C function that is called from
Python must be an owned reference --- ownership is tranferred from the
function to its caller.
+
\subsection{Thin Ice
\label{thinIce}}
@@ -1261,6 +1254,7 @@ bug(PyObject *list) {
}
\end{verbatim}
+
\subsection{NULL Pointers
\label{nullPointers}}
@@ -1413,10 +1407,13 @@ spam_system(self, args)
\end{verbatim}
In the beginning of the module, right after the line
+
\begin{verbatim}
#include "Python.h"
\end{verbatim}
+
two more lines must be added:
+
\begin{verbatim}
#define SPAM_MODULE
#include "spammodule.h"
@@ -1426,6 +1423,7 @@ The \code{\#define} is used to tell the header file that it is being
included in the exporting module, not a client module. Finally,
the module's initialization function must take care of initializing
the C API pointer array:
+
\begin{verbatim}
void
initspam()
@@ -1580,15 +1578,16 @@ ExtensionClass ExtensionClass.c
\end{verbatim}
This is the simplest form of a module definition line. It defines a
-dule, \module{ExtensionClass}, which has a single source file,
+module, \module{ExtensionClass}, which has a single source file,
\file{ExtensionClass.c}.
-Here is a slightly more complex example that uses an \strong{-I}
-option to specify an include directory:
+This slightly more complex example uses an \strong{-I} option to
+specify an include directory:
\begin{verbatim}
+EC=/projects/ExtensionClass
cPersistence cPersistence.c -I$(EC)
-\end{verbatim}
+\end{verbatim} % $ <-- bow to font lock
This example also illustrates the format for variable references.
@@ -1614,7 +1613,7 @@ Here is a complete \file{Setup} file for building a
# include file.
EC=/projects/ExtensionClass
cPersistence cPersistence.c -I$(EC)
-\end{verbatim}
+\end{verbatim} % $ <-- bow to font lock
After the \file{Setup} file has been created, \file{Makefile.pre.in}
is run with the \samp{boot} target to create a make file:
@@ -1634,7 +1633,8 @@ It's not necessary to re-run \file{Makefile.pre.in} if the
\file{Setup} file is changed. The make file automatically rebuilds
itself if the \file{Setup} file changes.
-\section{Building Custom Interpreters}
+
+\section{Building Custom Interpreters \label{custom-interps}}
The make file built by \file{Makefile.pre.in} can be run with the
\samp{static} target to build an interpreter:
@@ -1648,7 +1648,8 @@ will be statically linked into the interpreter. Typically, a
\samp{*shared*} line is omitted from the Setup file when a custom
interpreter is desired.
-\section{Module Definition Options}
+
+\section{Module Definition Options \label{module-defn-options}}
Several compiler options are supported:
@@ -1666,13 +1667,13 @@ Other compiler options can be included (snuck in) by putting them
in variable variables.
Source files can include files with \file{.c}, \file{.C}, \file{.cc},
-and \file{.c++} extensions.
+\file{.cpp}, \file{.cxx}, and \file{.c++} extensions.
-Other input files include files with \file{.o} or \file{.a}
-extensions.
+Other input files include files with \file{.a}, \file{.o}, \file{.sl},
+and \file{.so} extensions.
-\section{Example}
+\section{Example \label{module-defn-example}}
Here is a more complicated example from \file{Modules/Setup.in}:
@@ -1703,7 +1704,9 @@ It is a good idea to include a copy of \file{Makefile.pre.in} for
people who do not have a source distribution of Python.
Do not distribute a make file. People building your modules
-should use \file{Makefile.pre.in} to build their own make file.
+should use \file{Makefile.pre.in} to build their own make file. A
+\file{README} file included in the package should provide simple
+instructions to perform the build.
Work is being done to make building and installing Python extensions
easier for all platforms; this work in likely to supplant the current
@@ -1724,6 +1727,7 @@ material is useful for both the Windows programmer learning to build
Python extensions and the \UNIX{} programming interested in producing
software which can be successfully built on both \UNIX{} and Windows.
+
\section{A Cookbook Approach \label{win-cookbook}}
\sectionauthor{Neil Schemenauer}{neil_schemenauer@transcanada.com}