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authorGeorg Brandl <georg@python.org>2007-08-15 14:27:07 (GMT)
committerGeorg Brandl <georg@python.org>2007-08-15 14:27:07 (GMT)
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-\declaremodule{standard}{email.charset}
-\modulesynopsis{Character Sets}
-
-This module provides a class \class{Charset} for representing
-character sets and character set conversions in email messages, as
-well as a character set registry and several convenience methods for
-manipulating this registry. Instances of \class{Charset} are used in
-several other modules within the \module{email} package.
-
-Import this class from the \module{email.charset} module.
-
-\versionadded{2.2.2}
-
-\begin{classdesc}{Charset}{\optional{input_charset}}
-Map character sets to their email properties.
-
-This class provides information about the requirements imposed on
-email for a specific character set. It also provides convenience
-routines for converting between character sets, given the availability
-of the applicable codecs. Given a character set, it will do its best
-to provide information on how to use that character set in an email
-message in an RFC-compliant way.
-
-Certain character sets must be encoded with quoted-printable or base64
-when used in email headers or bodies. Certain character sets must be
-converted outright, and are not allowed in email.
-
-Optional \var{input_charset} is as described below; it is always
-coerced to lower case. After being alias normalized it is also used
-as a lookup into the registry of character sets to find out the header
-encoding, body encoding, and output conversion codec to be used for
-the character set. For example, if
-\var{input_charset} is \code{iso-8859-1}, then headers and bodies will
-be encoded using quoted-printable and no output conversion codec is
-necessary. If \var{input_charset} is \code{euc-jp}, then headers will
-be encoded with base64, bodies will not be encoded, but output text
-will be converted from the \code{euc-jp} character set to the
-\code{iso-2022-jp} character set.
-\end{classdesc}
-
-\class{Charset} instances have the following data attributes:
-
-\begin{datadesc}{input_charset}
-The initial character set specified. Common aliases are converted to
-their \emph{official} email names (e.g. \code{latin_1} is converted to
-\code{iso-8859-1}). Defaults to 7-bit \code{us-ascii}.
-\end{datadesc}
-
-\begin{datadesc}{header_encoding}
-If the character set must be encoded before it can be used in an
-email header, this attribute will be set to \code{Charset.QP} (for
-quoted-printable), \code{Charset.BASE64} (for base64 encoding), or
-\code{Charset.SHORTEST} for the shortest of QP or BASE64 encoding.
-Otherwise, it will be \code{None}.
-\end{datadesc}
-
-\begin{datadesc}{body_encoding}
-Same as \var{header_encoding}, but describes the encoding for the
-mail message's body, which indeed may be different than the header
-encoding. \code{Charset.SHORTEST} is not allowed for
-\var{body_encoding}.
-\end{datadesc}
-
-\begin{datadesc}{output_charset}
-Some character sets must be converted before they can be used in
-email headers or bodies. If the \var{input_charset} is one of
-them, this attribute will contain the name of the character set
-output will be converted to. Otherwise, it will be \code{None}.
-\end{datadesc}
-
-\begin{datadesc}{input_codec}
-The name of the Python codec used to convert the \var{input_charset} to
-Unicode. If no conversion codec is necessary, this attribute will be
-\code{None}.
-\end{datadesc}
-
-\begin{datadesc}{output_codec}
-The name of the Python codec used to convert Unicode to the
-\var{output_charset}. If no conversion codec is necessary, this
-attribute will have the same value as the \var{input_codec}.
-\end{datadesc}
-
-\class{Charset} instances also have the following methods:
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[Charset]{get_body_encoding}{}
-Return the content transfer encoding used for body encoding.
-
-This is either the string \samp{quoted-printable} or \samp{base64}
-depending on the encoding used, or it is a function, in which case you
-should call the function with a single argument, the Message object
-being encoded. The function should then set the
-\mailheader{Content-Transfer-Encoding} header itself to whatever is
-appropriate.
-
-Returns the string \samp{quoted-printable} if
-\var{body_encoding} is \code{QP}, returns the string
-\samp{base64} if \var{body_encoding} is \code{BASE64}, and returns the
-string \samp{7bit} otherwise.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}{convert}{s}
-Convert the string \var{s} from the \var{input_codec} to the
-\var{output_codec}.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}{to_splittable}{s}
-Convert a possibly multibyte string to a safely splittable format.
-\var{s} is the string to split.
-
-Uses the \var{input_codec} to try and convert the string to Unicode,
-so it can be safely split on character boundaries (even for multibyte
-characters).
-
-Returns the string as-is if it isn't known how to convert \var{s} to
-Unicode with the \var{input_charset}.
-
-Characters that could not be converted to Unicode will be replaced
-with the Unicode replacement character \character{U+FFFD}.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}{from_splittable}{ustr\optional{, to_output}}
-Convert a splittable string back into an encoded string. \var{ustr}
-is a Unicode string to ``unsplit''.
-
-This method uses the proper codec to try and convert the string from
-Unicode back into an encoded format. Return the string as-is if it is
-not Unicode, or if it could not be converted from Unicode.
-
-Characters that could not be converted from Unicode will be replaced
-with an appropriate character (usually \character{?}).
-
-If \var{to_output} is \code{True} (the default), uses
-\var{output_codec} to convert to an
-encoded format. If \var{to_output} is \code{False}, it uses
-\var{input_codec}.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}{get_output_charset}{}
-Return the output character set.
-
-This is the \var{output_charset} attribute if that is not \code{None},
-otherwise it is \var{input_charset}.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}{encoded_header_len}{}
-Return the length of the encoded header string, properly calculating
-for quoted-printable or base64 encoding.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}{header_encode}{s\optional{, convert}}
-Header-encode the string \var{s}.
-
-If \var{convert} is \code{True}, the string will be converted from the
-input charset to the output charset automatically. This is not useful
-for multibyte character sets, which have line length issues (multibyte
-characters must be split on a character, not a byte boundary); use the
-higher-level \class{Header} class to deal with these issues (see
-\refmodule{email.header}). \var{convert} defaults to \code{False}.
-
-The type of encoding (base64 or quoted-printable) will be based on
-the \var{header_encoding} attribute.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}{body_encode}{s\optional{, convert}}
-Body-encode the string \var{s}.
-
-If \var{convert} is \code{True} (the default), the string will be
-converted from the input charset to output charset automatically.
-Unlike \method{header_encode()}, there are no issues with byte
-boundaries and multibyte charsets in email bodies, so this is usually
-pretty safe.
-
-The type of encoding (base64 or quoted-printable) will be based on
-the \var{body_encoding} attribute.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-The \class{Charset} class also provides a number of methods to support
-standard operations and built-in functions.
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[Charset]{__str__}{}
-Returns \var{input_charset} as a string coerced to lower case.
-\method{__repr__()} is an alias for \method{__str__()}.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[Charset]{__eq__}{other}
-This method allows you to compare two \class{Charset} instances for equality.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[Header]{__ne__}{other}
-This method allows you to compare two \class{Charset} instances for inequality.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-The \module{email.charset} module also provides the following
-functions for adding new entries to the global character set, alias,
-and codec registries:
-
-\begin{funcdesc}{add_charset}{charset\optional{, header_enc\optional{,
- body_enc\optional{, output_charset}}}}
-Add character properties to the global registry.
-
-\var{charset} is the input character set, and must be the canonical
-name of a character set.
-
-Optional \var{header_enc} and \var{body_enc} is either
-\code{Charset.QP} for quoted-printable, \code{Charset.BASE64} for
-base64 encoding, \code{Charset.SHORTEST} for the shortest of
-quoted-printable or base64 encoding, or \code{None} for no encoding.
-\code{SHORTEST} is only valid for \var{header_enc}. The default is
-\code{None} for no encoding.
-
-Optional \var{output_charset} is the character set that the output
-should be in. Conversions will proceed from input charset, to
-Unicode, to the output charset when the method
-\method{Charset.convert()} is called. The default is to output in the
-same character set as the input.
-
-Both \var{input_charset} and \var{output_charset} must have Unicode
-codec entries in the module's character set-to-codec mapping; use
-\function{add_codec()} to add codecs the module does
-not know about. See the \refmodule{codecs} module's documentation for
-more information.
-
-The global character set registry is kept in the module global
-dictionary \code{CHARSETS}.
-\end{funcdesc}
-
-\begin{funcdesc}{add_alias}{alias, canonical}
-Add a character set alias. \var{alias} is the alias name,
-e.g. \code{latin-1}. \var{canonical} is the character set's canonical
-name, e.g. \code{iso-8859-1}.
-
-The global charset alias registry is kept in the module global
-dictionary \code{ALIASES}.
-\end{funcdesc}
-
-\begin{funcdesc}{add_codec}{charset, codecname}
-Add a codec that map characters in the given character set to and from
-Unicode.
-
-\var{charset} is the canonical name of a character set.
-\var{codecname} is the name of a Python codec, as appropriate for the
-second argument to the \function{unicode()} built-in, or to the
-\method{encode()} method of a Unicode string.
-\end{funcdesc}