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authorGeorg Brandl <georg@python.org>2007-08-15 14:27:07 (GMT)
committerGeorg Brandl <georg@python.org>2007-08-15 14:27:07 (GMT)
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-\section{\module{Cookie} ---
- HTTP state management}
-
-\declaremodule{standard}{Cookie}
-\modulesynopsis{Support for HTTP state management (cookies).}
-\moduleauthor{Timothy O'Malley}{timo@alum.mit.edu}
-\sectionauthor{Moshe Zadka}{moshez@zadka.site.co.il}
-
-
-The \module{Cookie} module defines classes for abstracting the concept of
-cookies, an HTTP state management mechanism. It supports both simple
-string-only cookies, and provides an abstraction for having any serializable
-data-type as cookie value.
-
-The module formerly strictly applied the parsing rules described in
-the \rfc{2109} and \rfc{2068} specifications. It has since been discovered
-that MSIE 3.0x doesn't follow the character rules outlined in those
-specs. As a result, the parsing rules used are a bit less strict.
-
-\begin{excdesc}{CookieError}
-Exception failing because of \rfc{2109} invalidity: incorrect
-attributes, incorrect \mailheader{Set-Cookie} header, etc.
-\end{excdesc}
-
-\begin{classdesc}{BaseCookie}{\optional{input}}
-This class is a dictionary-like object whose keys are strings and
-whose values are \class{Morsel} instances. Note that upon setting a key to
-a value, the value is first converted to a \class{Morsel} containing
-the key and the value.
-
-If \var{input} is given, it is passed to the \method{load()} method.
-\end{classdesc}
-
-\begin{classdesc}{SimpleCookie}{\optional{input}}
-This class derives from \class{BaseCookie} and overrides
-\method{value_decode()} and \method{value_encode()} to be the identity
-and \function{str()} respectively.
-\end{classdesc}
-
-\begin{classdesc}{SerialCookie}{\optional{input}}
-This class derives from \class{BaseCookie} and overrides
-\method{value_decode()} and \method{value_encode()} to be the
-\function{pickle.loads()} and \function{pickle.dumps()}.
-
-\deprecated{2.3}{Reading pickled values from untrusted
-cookie data is a huge security hole, as pickle strings can be crafted
-to cause arbitrary code to execute on your server. It is supported
-for backwards compatibility only, and may eventually go away.}
-\end{classdesc}
-
-\begin{classdesc}{SmartCookie}{\optional{input}}
-This class derives from \class{BaseCookie}. It overrides
-\method{value_decode()} to be \function{pickle.loads()} if it is a
-valid pickle, and otherwise the value itself. It overrides
-\method{value_encode()} to be \function{pickle.dumps()} unless it is a
-string, in which case it returns the value itself.
-
-\deprecated{2.3}{The same security warning from \class{SerialCookie}
-applies here.}
-\end{classdesc}
-
-A further security note is warranted. For backwards compatibility,
-the \module{Cookie} module exports a class named \class{Cookie} which
-is just an alias for \class{SmartCookie}. This is probably a mistake
-and will likely be removed in a future version. You should not use
-the \class{Cookie} class in your applications, for the same reason why
-you should not use the \class{SerialCookie} class.
-
-
-\begin{seealso}
- \seemodule{cookielib}{HTTP cookie handling for web
- \emph{clients}. The \module{cookielib} and \module{Cookie}
- modules do not depend on each other.}
-
- \seerfc{2109}{HTTP State Management Mechanism}{This is the state
- management specification implemented by this module.}
-\end{seealso}
-
-
-\subsection{Cookie Objects \label{cookie-objects}}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[BaseCookie]{value_decode}{val}
-Return a decoded value from a string representation. Return value can
-be any type. This method does nothing in \class{BaseCookie} --- it exists
-so it can be overridden.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[BaseCookie]{value_encode}{val}
-Return an encoded value. \var{val} can be any type, but return value
-must be a string. This method does nothing in \class{BaseCookie} --- it exists
-so it can be overridden
-
-In general, it should be the case that \method{value_encode()} and
-\method{value_decode()} are inverses on the range of \var{value_decode}.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[BaseCookie]{output}{\optional{attrs\optional{, header\optional{, sep}}}}
-Return a string representation suitable to be sent as HTTP headers.
-\var{attrs} and \var{header} are sent to each \class{Morsel}'s
-\method{output()} method. \var{sep} is used to join the headers
-together, and is by default the combination \code{'\e r\e n'} (CRLF).
-\versionchanged[The default separator has been changed from \code{'\e n'}
-to match the cookie specification]{2.5}
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[BaseCookie]{js_output}{\optional{attrs}}
-Return an embeddable JavaScript snippet, which, if run on a browser which
-supports JavaScript, will act the same as if the HTTP headers was sent.
-
-The meaning for \var{attrs} is the same as in \method{output()}.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[BaseCookie]{load}{rawdata}
-If \var{rawdata} is a string, parse it as an \code{HTTP_COOKIE} and add
-the values found there as \class{Morsel}s. If it is a dictionary, it
-is equivalent to:
-
-\begin{verbatim}
-for k, v in rawdata.items():
- cookie[k] = v
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-
-\subsection{Morsel Objects \label{morsel-objects}}
-
-\begin{classdesc}{Morsel}{}
-Abstract a key/value pair, which has some \rfc{2109} attributes.
-
-Morsels are dictionary-like objects, whose set of keys is constant ---
-the valid \rfc{2109} attributes, which are
-
-\begin{itemize}
-\item \code{expires}
-\item \code{path}
-\item \code{comment}
-\item \code{domain}
-\item \code{max-age}
-\item \code{secure}
-\item \code{version}
-\end{itemize}
-
-The keys are case-insensitive.
-\end{classdesc}
-
-\begin{memberdesc}[Morsel]{value}
-The value of the cookie.
-\end{memberdesc}
-
-\begin{memberdesc}[Morsel]{coded_value}
-The encoded value of the cookie --- this is what should be sent.
-\end{memberdesc}
-
-\begin{memberdesc}[Morsel]{key}
-The name of the cookie.
-\end{memberdesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[Morsel]{set}{key, value, coded_value}
-Set the \var{key}, \var{value} and \var{coded_value} members.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[Morsel]{isReservedKey}{K}
-Whether \var{K} is a member of the set of keys of a \class{Morsel}.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[Morsel]{output}{\optional{attrs\optional{, header}}}
-Return a string representation of the Morsel, suitable
-to be sent as an HTTP header. By default, all the attributes are included,
-unless \var{attrs} is given, in which case it should be a list of attributes
-to use. \var{header} is by default \code{"Set-Cookie:"}.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[Morsel]{js_output}{\optional{attrs}}
-Return an embeddable JavaScript snippet, which, if run on a browser which
-supports JavaScript, will act the same as if the HTTP header was sent.
-
-The meaning for \var{attrs} is the same as in \method{output()}.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[Morsel]{OutputString}{\optional{attrs}}
-Return a string representing the Morsel, without any surrounding HTTP
-or JavaScript.
-
-The meaning for \var{attrs} is the same as in \method{output()}.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-
-\subsection{Example \label{cookie-example}}
-
-The following example demonstrates how to use the \module{Cookie} module.
-
-\begin{verbatim}
->>> import Cookie
->>> C = Cookie.SimpleCookie()
->>> C = Cookie.SerialCookie()
->>> C = Cookie.SmartCookie()
->>> C["fig"] = "newton"
->>> C["sugar"] = "wafer"
->>> print C # generate HTTP headers
-Set-Cookie: sugar=wafer
-Set-Cookie: fig=newton
->>> print C.output() # same thing
-Set-Cookie: sugar=wafer
-Set-Cookie: fig=newton
->>> C = Cookie.SmartCookie()
->>> C["rocky"] = "road"
->>> C["rocky"]["path"] = "/cookie"
->>> print C.output(header="Cookie:")
-Cookie: rocky=road; Path=/cookie
->>> print C.output(attrs=[], header="Cookie:")
-Cookie: rocky=road
->>> C = Cookie.SmartCookie()
->>> C.load("chips=ahoy; vienna=finger") # load from a string (HTTP header)
->>> print C
-Set-Cookie: vienna=finger
-Set-Cookie: chips=ahoy
->>> C = Cookie.SmartCookie()
->>> C.load('keebler="E=everybody; L=\\"Loves\\"; fudge=\\012;";')
->>> print C
-Set-Cookie: keebler="E=everybody; L=\"Loves\"; fudge=\012;"
->>> C = Cookie.SmartCookie()
->>> C["oreo"] = "doublestuff"
->>> C["oreo"]["path"] = "/"
->>> print C
-Set-Cookie: oreo=doublestuff; Path=/
->>> C = Cookie.SmartCookie()
->>> C["twix"] = "none for you"
->>> C["twix"].value
-'none for you'
->>> C = Cookie.SimpleCookie()
->>> C["number"] = 7 # equivalent to C["number"] = str(7)
->>> C["string"] = "seven"
->>> C["number"].value
-'7'
->>> C["string"].value
-'seven'
->>> print C
-Set-Cookie: number=7
-Set-Cookie: string=seven
->>> C = Cookie.SerialCookie()
->>> C["number"] = 7
->>> C["string"] = "seven"
->>> C["number"].value
-7
->>> C["string"].value
-'seven'
->>> print C
-Set-Cookie: number="I7\012."
-Set-Cookie: string="S'seven'\012p1\012."
->>> C = Cookie.SmartCookie()
->>> C["number"] = 7
->>> C["string"] = "seven"
->>> C["number"].value
-7
->>> C["string"].value
-'seven'
->>> print C
-Set-Cookie: number="I7\012."
-Set-Cookie: string=seven
-\end{verbatim}