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authorGuido van Rossum <guido@python.org>1994-01-02 01:22:07 (GMT)
committerGuido van Rossum <guido@python.org>1994-01-02 01:22:07 (GMT)
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+\section{Built-in Module \sectcode{sys}}
+
+\bimodindex{sys}
+This module provides access to some variables used or maintained by the
+interpreter and to functions that interact strongly with the interpreter.
+It is always available.
+
+\renewcommand{\indexsubitem}{(in module sys)}
+\begin{datadesc}{argv}
+ The list of command line arguments passed to a Python script.
+ \code{sys.argv[0]} is the script name.
+ If no script name was passed to the Python interpreter,
+ \code{sys.argv} is empty.
+\end{datadesc}
+
+\begin{datadesc}{builtin_module_names}
+ A list of strings giving the names of all modules that are compiled
+ into this Python interpreter. (This information is not available in
+ any other way --- \code{sys.modules.keys()} only lists the imported
+ modules.)
+\end{datadesc}
+
+\begin{datadesc}{exc_type}
+\dataline{exc_value}
+\dataline{exc_traceback}
+ These three variables are not always defined; they are set when an
+ exception handler (an \code{except} clause of a \code{try} statement) is
+ invoked. Their meaning is: \code{exc_type} gets the exception type of
+ the exception being handled; \code{exc_value} gets the exception
+ parameter (its \dfn{associated value} or the second argument to
+ \code{raise}); \code{exc_traceback} gets a traceback object which
+ encapsulates the call stack at the point where the exception
+ originally occurred.
+\end{datadesc}
+
+\begin{funcdesc}{exit}{n}
+ Exit from Python with numeric exit status \var{n}. This is
+ implemented by raising the \code{SystemExit} exception, so cleanup
+ actions specified by \code{finally} clauses of \code{try} statements
+ are honored, and it is possible to catch the exit attempt at an outer
+ level.
+\end{funcdesc}
+
+\begin{datadesc}{exitfunc}
+ This value is not actually defined by the module, but can be set by
+ the user (or by a program) to specify a clean-up action at program
+ exit. When set, it should be a parameterless function. This function
+ will be called when the interpreter exits in any way (but not when a
+ fatal error occurs: in that case the interpreter's internal state
+ cannot be trusted).
+\end{datadesc}
+
+\begin{datadesc}{last_type}
+\dataline{last_value}
+\dataline{last_traceback}
+ These three variables are not always defined; they are set when an
+ exception is not handled and the interpreter prints an error message
+ and a stack traceback. Their intended use is to allow an interactive
+ user to import a debugger module and engage in post-mortem debugging
+ without having to re-execute the command that cause the error (which
+ may be hard to reproduce). The meaning of the variables is the same
+ as that of \code{exc_type}, \code{exc_value} and \code{exc_tracaback},
+ respectively.
+\end{datadesc}
+
+\begin{datadesc}{modules}
+ Gives the list of modules that have already been loaded.
+ This can be manipulated to force reloading of modules and other tricks.
+\end{datadesc}
+
+\begin{datadesc}{path}
+ A list of strings that specifies the search path for modules.
+ Initialized from the environment variable \code{PYTHONPATH}, or an
+ installation-dependent default.
+\end{datadesc}
+
+\begin{datadesc}{ps1}
+\dataline{ps2}
+ Strings specifying the primary and secondary prompt of the
+ interpreter. These are only defined if the interpreter is in
+ interactive mode. Their initial values in this case are
+ \code{'>>> '} and \code{'... '}.
+\end{datadesc}
+
+\begin{funcdesc}{settrace}{tracefunc}
+ Set the system's trace function, which allows you to implement a
+ Python source code debugger in Python. The standard modules
+ \code{pdb} and \code{wdb} are such debuggers; the difference is that
+ \code{wdb} uses windows and needs STDWIN, while \code{pdb} has a
+ line-oriented interface not unlike dbx. See the file \file{pdb.doc}
+ in the Python library source directory for more documentation (both
+ about \code{pdb} and \code{sys.trace}).
+\end{funcdesc}
+\ttindex{pdb}
+\ttindex{wdb}
+\index{trace function}
+
+\begin{funcdesc}{setprofile}{profilefunc}
+ Set the system's profile function, which allows you to implement a
+ Python source code profiler in Python. The system's profile function
+ is called similarly to the system's trace function (see
+ \code{sys.settrace}), but it isn't called for each executed line of
+ code (only on call and return and when an exception occurs). Also,
+ its return value is not used, so it can just return \code{None}.
+\end{funcdesc}
+\index{profile function}
+
+\begin{datadesc}{stdin}
+\dataline{stdout}
+\dataline{stderr}
+ File objects corresponding to the interpreter's standard input,
+ output and error streams. \code{sys.stdin} is used for all
+ interpreter input except for scripts but including calls to
+ \code{input()} and \code{raw_input()}. \code{sys.stdout} is used
+ for the output of \code{print} and expression statements and for the
+ prompts of \code{input()} and \code{raw_input()}. The interpreter's
+ own prompts and (almost all of) its error messages go to
+ \code{sys.stderr}. \code{sys.stdout} and \code{sys.stderr} needn't
+ be built-in file objects: any object is acceptable as long as it has
+ a \code{write} method that takes a string argument.
+\end{datadesc}
+
+\begin{datadesc}{tracebacklimit}
+When this variable is set to an integer value, it determines the
+maximum number of levels of traceback information printed when an
+unhandled exception occurs. The default is 1000. When set to 0 or
+less, all traceback information is suppressed and only the exception
+type and value are printed.
+\end{datadesc}