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authorFred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>1998-05-07 01:49:07 (GMT)
committerFred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>1998-05-07 01:49:07 (GMT)
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-\section{Standard Module \module{getopt}}
-\label{module-getopt}
-\stmodindex{getopt}
-
-This module helps scripts to parse the command line arguments in
-\code{sys.argv}.
-It supports the same conventions as the \UNIX{} \cfunction{getopt()}
-function (including the special meanings of arguments of the form
-`\code{-}' and `\code{-}\code{-}').
-% That's to fool latex2html into leaving the two hyphens alone!
-Long options similar to those supported by
-GNU software may be used as well via an optional third argument.
-This module provides a single function and an exception:
-
-\begin{funcdesc}{getopt}{args, options\optional{, long_options}}
-Parses command line options and parameter list. \var{args} is the
-argument list to be parsed, without the leading reference to the
-running program. Typically, this means \samp{sys.argv[1:]}.
-\var{options} is the string of option letters that the script wants to
-recognize, with options that require an argument followed by a colon
-(i.e., the same format that \UNIX{} \cfunction{getopt()} uses). If
-specified, \var{long_options} is a list of strings with the names of
-the long options which should be supported. The leading
-\code{'-}\code{-'} characters should not be included in the option
-name. Options which require an argument should be followed by an
-equal sign (\code{'='}).
-
-The return value consists of two elements: the first is a list of
-\code{(\var{option}, \var{value})} pairs; the second is the list of
-program arguments left after the option list was stripped (this is a
-trailing slice of the first argument).
-Each option-and-value pair returned has the option as its first
-element, prefixed with a hyphen (e.g., \code{'-x'}), and the option
-argument as its second element, or an empty string if the option has
-no argument.
-The options occur in the list in the same order in which they were
-found, thus allowing multiple occurrences. Long and short options may
-be mixed.
-\end{funcdesc}
-
-\begin{excdesc}{error}
-This is raised when an unrecognized option is found in the argument
-list or when an option requiring an argument is given none.
-The argument to the exception is a string indicating the cause of the
-error. For long options, an argument given to an option which does
-not require one will also cause this exception to be raised.
-\end{excdesc}
-
-
-An example using only \UNIX{} style options:
-
-\begin{verbatim}
->>> import getopt, string
->>> args = string.split('-a -b -cfoo -d bar a1 a2')
->>> args
-['-a', '-b', '-cfoo', '-d', 'bar', 'a1', 'a2']
->>> optlist, args = getopt.getopt(args, 'abc:d:')
->>> optlist
-[('-a', ''), ('-b', ''), ('-c', 'foo'), ('-d', 'bar')]
->>> args
-['a1', 'a2']
->>>
-\end{verbatim}
-
-Using long option names is equally easy:
-
-\begin{verbatim}
->>> s = '--condition=foo --testing --output-file abc.def -x a1 a2'
->>> args = string.split(s)
->>> args
-['--condition=foo', '--testing', '--output-file', 'abc.def', '-x', 'a1', 'a2']
->>> optlist, args = getopt.getopt(args, 'x', [
-... 'condition=', 'output-file=', 'testing'])
->>> optlist
-[('--condition', 'foo'), ('--testing', ''), ('--output-file', 'abc.def'), ('-x',
- '')]
->>> args
-['a1', 'a2']
->>>
-\end{verbatim}