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authorFred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>1998-05-07 01:49:07 (GMT)
committerFred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>1998-05-07 01:49:07 (GMT)
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-\section{Standard Module \module{mailcap}}
-\label{module-mailcap}
-\stmodindex{mailcap}
-
-Mailcap files are used to configure how MIME-aware applications such
-as mail readers and Web browsers react to files with different MIME
-types. (The name ``mailcap'' is derived from the phrase ``mail
-capability''.) For example, a mailcap file might contain a line like
-\samp{video/mpeg; xmpeg \%s}. Then, if the user encounters an email
-message or Web document with the MIME type \mimetype{video/mpeg},
-\samp{\%s} will be replaced by a filename (usually one belonging to a
-temporary file) and the \program{xmpeg} program can be automatically
-started to view the file.
-
-The mailcap format is documented in \rfc{1524}, ``A User Agent
-Configuration Mechanism For Multimedia Mail Format Information,'' but
-is not an Internet standard. However, mailcap files are supported on
-most \UNIX{} systems.
-
-\begin{funcdesc}{findmatch}{caps, MIMEtype%
- \optional{, key\optional{,
- filename\optional{, plist}}}}
-Return a 2-tuple; the first element is a string containing the command
-line to be executed
-(which can be passed to \code{os.system()}), and the second element is
-the mailcap entry for a given MIME type. If no matching MIME
-type can be found, \code{(None, None)} is returned.
-
-\var{key} is the name of the field desired, which represents the type
-of activity to be performed; the default value is 'view', since in the
-most common case you simply want to view the body of the MIME-typed
-data. Other possible values might be 'compose' and 'edit', if you
-wanted to create a new body of the given MIME type or alter the
-existing body data. See \rfc{1524} for a complete list of these
-fields.
-
-\var{filename} is the filename to be substituted for \samp{\%s} in the
-command line; the default value is
-\code{'/dev/null'} which is almost certainly not what you want, so
-usually you'll override it by specifying a filename.
-
-\var{plist} can be a list containing named parameters; the default
-value is simply an empty list. Each entry in the list must be a
-string containing the parameter name, an equals sign (\code{=}), and the
-parameter's value. Mailcap entries can contain
-named parameters like \code{\%\{foo\}}, which will be replaced by the
-value of the parameter named 'foo'. For example, if the command line
-\samp{showpartial \%\{id\}\ \%\{number\}\ \%\{total\}}
-was in a mailcap file, and \var{plist} was set to \code{['id=1',
-'number=2', 'total=3']}, the resulting command line would be
-\code{"showpartial 1 2 3"}.
-
-In a mailcap file, the "test" field can optionally be specified to
-test some external condition (e.g., the machine architecture, or the
-window system in use) to determine whether or not the mailcap line
-applies. \code{findmatch()} will automatically check such conditions
-and skip the entry if the check fails.
-\end{funcdesc}
-
-\begin{funcdesc}{getcaps}{}
-Returns a dictionary mapping MIME types to a list of mailcap file
-entries. This dictionary must be passed to the \code{findmatch()}
-function. An entry is stored as a list of dictionaries, but it
-shouldn't be necessary to know the details of this representation.
-
-The information is derived from all of the mailcap files found on the
-system. Settings in the user's mailcap file \file{\$HOME/.mailcap}
-will override settings in the system mailcap files
-\file{/etc/mailcap}, \file{/usr/etc/mailcap}, and
-\file{/usr/local/etc/mailcap}.
-\end{funcdesc}
-
-An example usage:
-\begin{verbatim}
->>> import mailcap
->>> d=mailcap.getcaps()
->>> mailcap.findmatch(d, 'video/mpeg', filename='/tmp/tmp1223')
-('xmpeg /tmp/tmp1223', {'view': 'xmpeg %s'})
-\end{verbatim}