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authorGeorg Brandl <georg@python.org>2010-07-03 10:41:33 (GMT)
committerGeorg Brandl <georg@python.org>2010-07-03 10:41:33 (GMT)
commit4833e5b874d2aad0a19c1c682095733c05adc940 (patch)
tree87c6d14248b83cbf60e3b8b1d4128aac150c5290 /Doc/library/dis.rst
parent94e5de0df0400f883ecb071b1259942408d6d08b (diff)
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Remove the need for a "()" empty argument list after opcodes.
Diffstat (limited to 'Doc/library/dis.rst')
-rw-r--r--Doc/library/dis.rst132
1 files changed, 70 insertions, 62 deletions
diff --git a/Doc/library/dis.rst b/Doc/library/dis.rst
index 1b486bf..1d5b223 100644
--- a/Doc/library/dis.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/dis.rst
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ The :mod:`dis` module defines the following functions and constants:
.. function:: dis(x=None)
- Disassemble the *x* object. *x* can denote either a module, a
+ Disassemble the *x* object. *x* can denote either a module, a
class, a method, a function, a code object, a string of source code or a
- byte sequence of raw bytecode. For a module, it disassembles all
+ byte sequence of raw bytecode. For a module, it disassembles all
functions. For a class, it disassembles all methods. For a code object
or sequence of raw bytecode, it prints one line per bytecode instruction.
Strings are first compiled to code objects with the :func:`compile`
@@ -50,14 +50,15 @@ The :mod:`dis` module defines the following functions and constants:
.. function:: distb(tb=None)
- Disassembles the top-of-stack function of a traceback, using the last traceback
- if none was passed. The instruction causing the exception is indicated.
+ Disassemble the top-of-stack function of a traceback, using the last
+ traceback if none was passed. The instruction causing the exception is
+ indicated.
.. function:: disassemble(code, lasti=-1)
disco(code, lasti=-1)
- Disassembles a code object, indicating the last instruction if *lasti* was
+ Disassemble a code object, indicating the last instruction if *lasti* was
provided. The output is divided in the following columns:
#. the line number, for the first instruction of each line
@@ -143,225 +144,233 @@ Python Bytecode Instructions
The Python compiler currently generates the following bytecode instructions.
-.. opcode:: STOP_CODE ()
+**General instructions**
+
+.. opcode:: STOP_CODE
Indicates end-of-code to the compiler, not used by the interpreter.
-.. opcode:: NOP ()
+.. opcode:: NOP
Do nothing code. Used as a placeholder by the bytecode optimizer.
-.. opcode:: POP_TOP ()
+.. opcode:: POP_TOP
Removes the top-of-stack (TOS) item.
-.. opcode:: ROT_TWO ()
+.. opcode:: ROT_TWO
Swaps the two top-most stack items.
-.. opcode:: ROT_THREE ()
+.. opcode:: ROT_THREE
Lifts second and third stack item one position up, moves top down to position
three.
-.. opcode:: ROT_FOUR ()
+.. opcode:: ROT_FOUR
Lifts second, third and forth stack item one position up, moves top down to
position four.
-.. opcode:: DUP_TOP ()
+.. opcode:: DUP_TOP
Duplicates the reference on top of the stack.
-Unary Operations take the top of the stack, apply the operation, and push the
-result back on the stack.
+**Unary operations**
+
+Unary operations take the top of the stack, apply the operation, and push the
+result back on the stack.
-.. opcode:: UNARY_POSITIVE ()
+.. opcode:: UNARY_POSITIVE
Implements ``TOS = +TOS``.
-.. opcode:: UNARY_NEGATIVE ()
+.. opcode:: UNARY_NEGATIVE
Implements ``TOS = -TOS``.
-.. opcode:: UNARY_NOT ()
+.. opcode:: UNARY_NOT
Implements ``TOS = not TOS``.
-.. opcode:: UNARY_INVERT ()
+.. opcode:: UNARY_INVERT
Implements ``TOS = ~TOS``.
-.. opcode:: GET_ITER ()
+.. opcode:: GET_ITER
Implements ``TOS = iter(TOS)``.
+
+**Binary operations**
+
Binary operations remove the top of the stack (TOS) and the second top-most
stack item (TOS1) from the stack. They perform the operation, and put the
result back on the stack.
-
-.. opcode:: BINARY_POWER ()
+.. opcode:: BINARY_POWER
Implements ``TOS = TOS1 ** TOS``.
-.. opcode:: BINARY_MULTIPLY ()
+.. opcode:: BINARY_MULTIPLY
Implements ``TOS = TOS1 * TOS``.
-.. opcode:: BINARY_FLOOR_DIVIDE ()
+.. opcode:: BINARY_FLOOR_DIVIDE
Implements ``TOS = TOS1 // TOS``.
-.. opcode:: BINARY_TRUE_DIVIDE ()
+.. opcode:: BINARY_TRUE_DIVIDE
Implements ``TOS = TOS1 / TOS``.
-.. opcode:: BINARY_MODULO ()
+.. opcode:: BINARY_MODULO
Implements ``TOS = TOS1 % TOS``.
-.. opcode:: BINARY_ADD ()
+.. opcode:: BINARY_ADD
Implements ``TOS = TOS1 + TOS``.
-.. opcode:: BINARY_SUBTRACT ()
+.. opcode:: BINARY_SUBTRACT
Implements ``TOS = TOS1 - TOS``.
-.. opcode:: BINARY_SUBSCR ()
+.. opcode:: BINARY_SUBSCR
Implements ``TOS = TOS1[TOS]``.
-.. opcode:: BINARY_LSHIFT ()
+.. opcode:: BINARY_LSHIFT
Implements ``TOS = TOS1 << TOS``.
-.. opcode:: BINARY_RSHIFT ()
+.. opcode:: BINARY_RSHIFT
Implements ``TOS = TOS1 >> TOS``.
-.. opcode:: BINARY_AND ()
+.. opcode:: BINARY_AND
Implements ``TOS = TOS1 & TOS``.
-.. opcode:: BINARY_XOR ()
+.. opcode:: BINARY_XOR
Implements ``TOS = TOS1 ^ TOS``.
-.. opcode:: BINARY_OR ()
+.. opcode:: BINARY_OR
Implements ``TOS = TOS1 | TOS``.
+
+**In-place operations**
+
In-place operations are like binary operations, in that they remove TOS and
TOS1, and push the result back on the stack, but the operation is done in-place
when TOS1 supports it, and the resulting TOS may be (but does not have to be)
the original TOS1.
-
-.. opcode:: INPLACE_POWER ()
+.. opcode:: INPLACE_POWER
Implements in-place ``TOS = TOS1 ** TOS``.
-.. opcode:: INPLACE_MULTIPLY ()
+.. opcode:: INPLACE_MULTIPLY
Implements in-place ``TOS = TOS1 * TOS``.
-.. opcode:: INPLACE_FLOOR_DIVIDE ()
+.. opcode:: INPLACE_FLOOR_DIVIDE
Implements in-place ``TOS = TOS1 // TOS``.
-.. opcode:: INPLACE_TRUE_DIVIDE ()
+.. opcode:: INPLACE_TRUE_DIVIDE
Implements in-place ``TOS = TOS1 / TOS``.
-.. opcode:: INPLACE_MODULO ()
+.. opcode:: INPLACE_MODULO
Implements in-place ``TOS = TOS1 % TOS``.
-.. opcode:: INPLACE_ADD ()
+.. opcode:: INPLACE_ADD
Implements in-place ``TOS = TOS1 + TOS``.
-.. opcode:: INPLACE_SUBTRACT ()
+.. opcode:: INPLACE_SUBTRACT
Implements in-place ``TOS = TOS1 - TOS``.
-.. opcode:: INPLACE_LSHIFT ()
+.. opcode:: INPLACE_LSHIFT
Implements in-place ``TOS = TOS1 << TOS``.
-.. opcode:: INPLACE_RSHIFT ()
+.. opcode:: INPLACE_RSHIFT
Implements in-place ``TOS = TOS1 >> TOS``.
-.. opcode:: INPLACE_AND ()
+.. opcode:: INPLACE_AND
Implements in-place ``TOS = TOS1 & TOS``.
-.. opcode:: INPLACE_XOR ()
+.. opcode:: INPLACE_XOR
Implements in-place ``TOS = TOS1 ^ TOS``.
-.. opcode:: INPLACE_OR ()
+.. opcode:: INPLACE_OR
Implements in-place ``TOS = TOS1 | TOS``.
-.. opcode:: STORE_SUBSCR ()
+.. opcode:: STORE_SUBSCR
Implements ``TOS1[TOS] = TOS2``.
-.. opcode:: DELETE_SUBSCR ()
+.. opcode:: DELETE_SUBSCR
Implements ``del TOS1[TOS]``.
-Miscellaneous opcodes.
+**Miscellaneous opcodes**
-.. opcode:: PRINT_EXPR ()
+.. opcode:: PRINT_EXPR
Implements the expression statement for the interactive mode. TOS is removed
from the stack and printed. In non-interactive mode, an expression statement is
terminated with ``POP_STACK``.
-.. opcode:: BREAK_LOOP ()
+.. opcode:: BREAK_LOOP
Terminates a loop due to a :keyword:`break` statement.
@@ -387,36 +396,35 @@ Miscellaneous opcodes.
Calls ``dict.setitem(TOS1[-i], TOS, TOS1)``. Used to implement dict
comprehensions.
-
For all of the SET_ADD, LIST_APPEND and MAP_ADD instructions, while the
added value or key/value pair is popped off, the container object remains on
the stack so that it is available for further iterations of the loop.
-.. opcode:: RETURN_VALUE ()
+.. opcode:: RETURN_VALUE
Returns with TOS to the caller of the function.
-.. opcode:: YIELD_VALUE ()
+.. opcode:: YIELD_VALUE
Pops ``TOS`` and yields it from a :term:`generator`.
-.. opcode:: IMPORT_STAR ()
+.. opcode:: IMPORT_STAR
Loads all symbols not starting with ``'_'`` directly from the module TOS to the
local namespace. The module is popped after loading all names. This opcode
implements ``from module import *``.
-.. opcode:: POP_BLOCK ()
+.. opcode:: POP_BLOCK
Removes one block from the block stack. Per frame, there is a stack of blocks,
denoting nested loops, try statements, and such.
-.. opcode:: POP_EXCEPT ()
+.. opcode:: POP_EXCEPT
Removes one block from the block stack. The popped block must be an exception
handler block, as implicitly created when entering an except handler.
@@ -424,14 +432,14 @@ the stack so that it is available for further iterations of the loop.
last three popped values are used to restore the exception state.
-.. opcode:: END_FINALLY ()
+.. opcode:: END_FINALLY
Terminates a :keyword:`finally` clause. The interpreter recalls whether the
exception has to be re-raised, or whether the function returns, and continues
with the outer-next block.
-.. opcode:: LOAD_BUILD_CLASS ()
+.. opcode:: LOAD_BUILD_CLASS
Pushes :func:`builtins.__build_class__` onto the stack. It is later called
by ``CALL_FUNCTION`` to construct a class.
@@ -449,7 +457,7 @@ the stack so that it is available for further iterations of the loop.
:opcode:`UNPACK_SEQUENCE`).
-.. opcode:: WITH_CLEANUP ()
+.. opcode:: WITH_CLEANUP
Cleans up the stack when a :keyword:`with` statement block exits. TOS is
the context manager's :meth:`__exit__` bound method. Below TOS are 1--3
@@ -659,7 +667,7 @@ the more significant byte last.
Pushes a try block from a try-except clause onto the block stack. *delta* points
to the finally block.
-.. opcode:: STORE_MAP ()
+.. opcode:: STORE_MAP
Store a key and value pair in a dictionary. Pops the key and value while leaving
the dictionary on the stack.
@@ -775,7 +783,7 @@ the more significant byte last.
variable-arguments tuple, followed by explicit keyword and positional arguments.
-.. opcode:: HAVE_ARGUMENT ()
+.. opcode:: HAVE_ARGUMENT
This is not really an opcode. It identifies the dividing line between opcodes
which don't take arguments ``< HAVE_ARGUMENT`` and those which do ``>=