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authorGeorg Brandl <georg@python.org>2008-05-26 16:32:26 (GMT)
committerGeorg Brandl <georg@python.org>2008-05-26 16:32:26 (GMT)
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Create http package. #2883.
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-
-:mod:`httplib` --- HTTP protocol client
-=======================================
-
-.. module:: httplib
- :synopsis: HTTP and HTTPS protocol client (requires sockets).
-
-
-.. index::
- pair: HTTP; protocol
- single: HTTP; httplib (standard module)
-
-.. index:: module: urllib
-
-This module defines classes which implement the client side of the HTTP and
-HTTPS protocols. It is normally not used directly --- the module :mod:`urllib`
-uses it to handle URLs that use HTTP and HTTPS.
-
-.. note::
-
- HTTPS support is only available if the :mod:`socket` module was compiled with
- SSL support.
-
-The module provides the following classes:
-
-
-.. class:: HTTPConnection(host[, port[, strict[, timeout]]])
-
- An :class:`HTTPConnection` instance represents one transaction with an HTTP
- server. It should be instantiated passing it a host and optional port
- number. If no port number is passed, the port is extracted from the host
- string if it has the form ``host:port``, else the default HTTP port (80) is
- used. When True, the optional parameter *strict* causes ``BadStatusLine`` to
- be raised if the status line can't be parsed as a valid HTTP/1.0 or 1.1
- status line. If the optional *timeout* parameter is given, blocking
- operations (like connection attempts) will timeout after that many seconds
- (if it is not given or ``None``, the global default timeout setting is used).
-
- For example, the following calls all create instances that connect to the server
- at the same host and port::
-
- >>> h1 = httplib.HTTPConnection('www.cwi.nl')
- >>> h2 = httplib.HTTPConnection('www.cwi.nl:80')
- >>> h3 = httplib.HTTPConnection('www.cwi.nl', 80)
- >>> h3 = httplib.HTTPConnection('www.cwi.nl', 80, timeout=10)
-
-
-.. class:: HTTPSConnection(host[, port[, key_file[, cert_file[, strict[, timeout]]]]])
-
- A subclass of :class:`HTTPConnection` that uses SSL for communication with
- secure servers. Default port is ``443``. *key_file* is the name of a PEM
- formatted file that contains your private key. *cert_file* is a PEM formatted
- certificate chain file.
-
- .. warning::
-
- This does not do any certificate verification!
-
-
-.. class:: HTTPResponse(sock[, debuglevel=0][, strict=0])
-
- Class whose instances are returned upon successful connection. Not instantiated
- directly by user.
-
-
-The following exceptions are raised as appropriate:
-
-
-.. exception:: HTTPException
-
- The base class of the other exceptions in this module. It is a subclass of
- :exc:`Exception`.
-
-
-.. exception:: NotConnected
-
- A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`.
-
-
-.. exception:: InvalidURL
-
- A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`, raised if a port is given and is either
- non-numeric or empty.
-
-
-.. exception:: UnknownProtocol
-
- A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`.
-
-
-.. exception:: UnknownTransferEncoding
-
- A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`.
-
-
-.. exception:: UnimplementedFileMode
-
- A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`.
-
-
-.. exception:: IncompleteRead
-
- A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`.
-
-
-.. exception:: ImproperConnectionState
-
- A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`.
-
-
-.. exception:: CannotSendRequest
-
- A subclass of :exc:`ImproperConnectionState`.
-
-
-.. exception:: CannotSendHeader
-
- A subclass of :exc:`ImproperConnectionState`.
-
-
-.. exception:: ResponseNotReady
-
- A subclass of :exc:`ImproperConnectionState`.
-
-
-.. exception:: BadStatusLine
-
- A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`. Raised if a server responds with a HTTP
- status code that we don't understand.
-
-The constants defined in this module are:
-
-
-.. data:: HTTP_PORT
-
- The default port for the HTTP protocol (always ``80``).
-
-
-.. data:: HTTPS_PORT
-
- The default port for the HTTPS protocol (always ``443``).
-
-and also the following constants for integer status codes:
-
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| Constant | Value | Definition |
-+==========================================+=========+=======================================================================+
-| :const:`CONTINUE` | ``100`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.1.1 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.1.1>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS` | ``101`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.1.2 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.1.2>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`PROCESSING` | ``102`` | WEBDAV, `RFC 2518, Section 10.1 |
-| | | <http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc2518.html#STATUS_102>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`OK` | ``200`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.2.1 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.1>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`CREATED` | ``201`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.2.2 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.2>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`ACCEPTED` | ``202`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.2.3 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.3>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION` | ``203`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.2.4 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.4>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`NO_CONTENT` | ``204`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.2.5 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.5>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`RESET_CONTENT` | ``205`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.2.6 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.6>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`PARTIAL_CONTENT` | ``206`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.2.7 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.7>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`MULTI_STATUS` | ``207`` | WEBDAV `RFC 2518, Section 10.2 |
-| | | <http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc2518.html#STATUS_207>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`IM_USED` | ``226`` | Delta encoding in HTTP, |
-| | | :rfc:`3229`, Section 10.4.1 |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`MULTIPLE_CHOICES` | ``300`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.3.1 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.1>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`MOVED_PERMANENTLY` | ``301`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.3.2 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.2>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`FOUND` | ``302`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.3.3 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.3>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`SEE_OTHER` | ``303`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.3.4 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.4>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`NOT_MODIFIED` | ``304`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.3.5 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.5>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`USE_PROXY` | ``305`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.3.6 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.6>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`TEMPORARY_REDIRECT` | ``307`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.3.8 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.8>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`BAD_REQUEST` | ``400`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.4.1 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.1>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`UNAUTHORIZED` | ``401`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.4.2 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.2>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`PAYMENT_REQUIRED` | ``402`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.4.3 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.3>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`FORBIDDEN` | ``403`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.4.4 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.4>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`NOT_FOUND` | ``404`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.4.5 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.5>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED` | ``405`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.4.6 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.6>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`NOT_ACCEPTABLE` | ``406`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.4.7 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.7>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED` | ``407`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.4.8 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.8>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`REQUEST_TIMEOUT` | ``408`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.4.9 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.9>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`CONFLICT` | ``409`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.4.10 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.10>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`GONE` | ``410`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.4.11 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.11>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`LENGTH_REQUIRED` | ``411`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.4.12 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.12>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`PRECONDITION_FAILED` | ``412`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.4.13 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.13>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE` | ``413`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.4.14 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.14>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG` | ``414`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.4.15 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.15>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE` | ``415`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.4.16 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.16>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE` | ``416`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.4.17 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.17>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`EXPECTATION_FAILED` | ``417`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.4.18 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.18>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY` | ``422`` | WEBDAV, `RFC 2518, Section 10.3 |
-| | | <http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc2518.html#STATUS_422>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`LOCKED` | ``423`` | WEBDAV `RFC 2518, Section 10.4 |
-| | | <http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc2518.html#STATUS_423>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`FAILED_DEPENDENCY` | ``424`` | WEBDAV, `RFC 2518, Section 10.5 |
-| | | <http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc2518.html#STATUS_424>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`UPGRADE_REQUIRED` | ``426`` | HTTP Upgrade to TLS, |
-| | | :rfc:`2817`, Section 6 |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR` | ``500`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.5.1 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5.1>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`NOT_IMPLEMENTED` | ``501`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.5.2 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5.2>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`BAD_GATEWAY` | ``502`` | HTTP/1.1 `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.5.3 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5.3>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE` | ``503`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.5.4 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5.4>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`GATEWAY_TIMEOUT` | ``504`` | HTTP/1.1 `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.5.5 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5.5>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED` | ``505`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
-| | | 10.5.6 |
-| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5.6>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE` | ``507`` | WEBDAV, `RFC 2518, Section 10.6 |
-| | | <http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc2518.html#STATUS_507>`_ |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| :const:`NOT_EXTENDED` | ``510`` | An HTTP Extension Framework, |
-| | | :rfc:`2774`, Section 7 |
-+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
-
-
-.. data:: responses
-
- This dictionary maps the HTTP 1.1 status codes to the W3C names.
-
- Example: ``httplib.responses[httplib.NOT_FOUND]`` is ``'Not Found'``.
-
-
-.. _httpconnection-objects:
-
-HTTPConnection Objects
-----------------------
-
-:class:`HTTPConnection` instances have the following methods:
-
-
-.. method:: HTTPConnection.request(method, url[, body[, headers]])
-
- This will send a request to the server using the HTTP request method *method*
- and the selector *url*. If the *body* argument is present, it should be a
- string of data to send after the headers are finished. Alternatively, it may
- be an open file object, in which case the contents of the file is sent; this
- file object should support ``fileno()`` and ``read()`` methods. The header
- Content-Length is automatically set to the correct value. The *headers*
- argument should be a mapping of extra HTTP headers to send with the request.
-
-
-.. method:: HTTPConnection.getresponse()
-
- Should be called after a request is sent to get the response from the server.
- Returns an :class:`HTTPResponse` instance.
-
- .. note::
-
- Note that you must have read the whole response before you can send a new
- request to the server.
-
-
-.. method:: HTTPConnection.set_debuglevel(level)
-
- Set the debugging level (the amount of debugging output printed). The default
- debug level is ``0``, meaning no debugging output is printed.
-
-
-.. method:: HTTPConnection.connect()
-
- Connect to the server specified when the object was created.
-
-
-.. method:: HTTPConnection.close()
-
- Close the connection to the server.
-
-As an alternative to using the :meth:`request` method described above, you can
-also send your request step by step, by using the four functions below.
-
-
-.. method:: HTTPConnection.putrequest(request, selector[, skip_host[, skip_accept_encoding]])
-
- This should be the first call after the connection to the server has been made.
- It sends a line to the server consisting of the *request* string, the *selector*
- string, and the HTTP version (``HTTP/1.1``). To disable automatic sending of
- ``Host:`` or ``Accept-Encoding:`` headers (for example to accept additional
- content encodings), specify *skip_host* or *skip_accept_encoding* with non-False
- values.
-
-
-.. method:: HTTPConnection.putheader(header, argument[, ...])
-
- Send an :rfc:`822`\ -style header to the server. It sends a line to the server
- consisting of the header, a colon and a space, and the first argument. If more
- arguments are given, continuation lines are sent, each consisting of a tab and
- an argument.
-
-
-.. method:: HTTPConnection.endheaders()
-
- Send a blank line to the server, signalling the end of the headers.
-
-
-.. method:: HTTPConnection.send(data)
-
- Send data to the server. This should be used directly only after the
- :meth:`endheaders` method has been called and before :meth:`getresponse` is
- called.
-
-
-.. _httpresponse-objects:
-
-HTTPResponse Objects
---------------------
-
-:class:`HTTPResponse` instances have the following methods and attributes:
-
-
-.. method:: HTTPResponse.read([amt])
-
- Reads and returns the response body, or up to the next *amt* bytes.
-
-
-.. method:: HTTPResponse.getheader(name[, default])
-
- Get the contents of the header *name*, or *default* if there is no matching
- header.
-
-
-.. method:: HTTPResponse.getheaders()
-
- Return a list of (header, value) tuples.
-
-
-.. attribute:: HTTPResponse.msg
-
- A :class:`mimetools.Message` instance containing the response headers.
-
-
-.. attribute:: HTTPResponse.version
-
- HTTP protocol version used by server. 10 for HTTP/1.0, 11 for HTTP/1.1.
-
-
-.. attribute:: HTTPResponse.status
-
- Status code returned by server.
-
-
-.. attribute:: HTTPResponse.reason
-
- Reason phrase returned by server.
-
-
-.. _httplib-examples:
-
-Examples
---------
-
-Here is an example session that uses the ``GET`` method::
-
- >>> import httplib
- >>> conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("www.python.org")
- >>> conn.request("GET", "/index.html")
- >>> r1 = conn.getresponse()
- >>> print(r1.status, r1.reason)
- 200 OK
- >>> data1 = r1.read()
- >>> conn.request("GET", "/parrot.spam")
- >>> r2 = conn.getresponse()
- >>> print(r2.status, r2.reason)
- 404 Not Found
- >>> data2 = r2.read()
- >>> conn.close()
-
-Here is an example session that shows how to ``POST`` requests::
-
- >>> import httplib, urllib
- >>> params = urllib.urlencode({'spam': 1, 'eggs': 2, 'bacon': 0})
- >>> headers = {"Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
- ... "Accept": "text/plain"}
- >>> conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("musi-cal.mojam.com:80")
- >>> conn.request("POST", "/cgi-bin/query", params, headers)
- >>> response = conn.getresponse()
- >>> print(response.status, response.reason)
- 200 OK
- >>> data = response.read()
- >>> conn.close()
-
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