Patch #1489771: update syntax rules in Python Reference Manual.

Python 2.5 added support for explicit relative import statements and
yield expressions, which were missing in the manual.
Also fix grammar productions that used the names from the Grammar file,
markup that broke the generated grammar.txt, and wrap some lines that
broke the pdf output.  Will backport.

1 files changed, 162 insertions, 24 deletions

diff --git a/Doc/ref/ref5.tex b/Doc/ref/ref5.tex
index 909e5bb..17c57d4 100644
--- a/Doc/ref/ref5.tex
+++ b/Doc/ref/ref5.tex
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ categorized syntactically as atoms.  The syntax for atoms is:
   \production{enclosure}
              {\token{parenth_form} | \token{list_display}}
   \productioncont{| \token{generator_expression} | \token{dict_display}}
-  \productioncont{| \token{string_conversion}}
+  \productioncont{| \token{string_conversion} | \token{yield_atom}}
 \end{productionlist}
 
 
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ categorized syntactically as atoms.  The syntax for atoms is:
 \index{identifier}
 
 An identifier occurring as an atom is a name.  See
+section \ref{identifiers} for lexical definition and
 section~\ref{naming} for documentation of naming and binding.
 
 When the name is bound to an object, evaluation of the atom yields
@@ -154,22 +155,20 @@ A list display is a possibly empty series of expressions enclosed in
 square brackets:
 
 \begin{productionlist}
-  \production{test}
-             {\token{or_test} | \token{lambda_form}}
-  \production{testlist}
-             {\token{test} ( "," \token{test} )* [ "," ]}
   \production{list_display}
-             {"[" [\token{listmaker}] "]"}
-  \production{listmaker}
-             {\token{expression} ( \token{list_for}
-              | ( "," \token{expression} )* [","] )}
-  \production{list_iter}
-             {\token{list_for} | \token{list_if}}
+             {"[" [\token{expression_list} | \token{list_comprehension}] "]"}
+  \production{list_comprehension}
+             {\token{expression} \token{list_for}}
   \production{list_for}
-             {"for" \token{expression_list} "in" \token{testlist}
+             {"for" \token{target_list} "in" \token{old_expression_list}
               [\token{list_iter}]}
+  \production{old_expression_list}
+             {\token{old_expression}
+              [("," \token{old_expression})+ [","]]}
+  \production{list_iter}
+             {\token{list_for} | \token{list_if}}
   \production{list_if}
-             {"if" \token{test} [\token{list_iter}]}
+             {"if" \token{old_expression} [\token{list_iter}]}
 \end{productionlist}
 
 A list display yields a new list object.  Its contents are specified
@@ -200,19 +199,18 @@ A generator expression is a compact generator notation in parentheses:
 
 \begin{productionlist}
   \production{generator_expression}
-             {"(" \token{test} \token{genexpr_for} ")"}
+             {"(" \token{expression} \token{genexpr_for} ")"}
   \production{genexpr_for}
-             {"for" \token{expression_list} "in" \token{test}
+             {"for" \token{target_list} "in" \token{or_test}
               [\token{genexpr_iter}]}
   \production{genexpr_iter}
              {\token{genexpr_for} | \token{genexpr_if}}
   \production{genexpr_if}
-             {"if" \token{test} [\token{genexpr_iter}]}
+             {"if" \token{old_expression} [\token{genexpr_iter}]}
 \end{productionlist}
 
 A generator expression yields a new generator object.
 \obindex{generator}
-\obindex{generator expression}
 It consists of a single expression followed by at least one
 \keyword{for} clause and zero or more \keyword{for} or \keyword{if}
 clauses.  The iterating values of the new generator are those that
@@ -311,6 +309,142 @@ similar but more user-friendly conversion.
 \bifuncindex{str}
 
 
+\subsection{Yield expressions\label{yieldexpr}}
+\kwindex{yield}
+\indexii{yield}{expression}
+\indexii{generator}{function}
+
+\begin{productionlist}
+  \production{yield_atom}
+             {"(" \token{yield_expression} ")"}
+  \production{yield_expression}
+             {"yield" [\token{expression_list}]}
+\end{productionlist}
+
+\versionadded{2.5}
+
+The \keyword{yield} expression is only used when defining a generator
+function, and can only be used in the body of a function definition.
+Using a \keyword{yield} expression in a function definition is
+sufficient to cause that definition to create a generator function
+instead of a normal function.
+
+When a generator function is called, it returns an iterator known as a
+generator.  That generator then controls the execution of a generator
+function.  The execution starts when one of the generator's methods is
+called.  At that time, the execution proceeds to the first
+\keyword{yield} expression, where it is suspended again, returning the
+value of \grammartoken{expression_list} to generator's caller.  By
+suspended we mean that all local state is retained, including the
+current bindings of local variables, the instruction pointer, and the
+internal evaluation stack.  When the execution is resumed by calling
+one of the generator's methods, the function can proceed exactly as
+if the \keyword{yield} expression was just another external call.
+The value of the \keyword{yield} expression after resuming depends on
+the method which resumed the execution.
+
+\index{coroutine}
+
+All of this makes generator functions quite similar to coroutines; they
+yield multiple times, they have more than one entry point and their
+execution can be suspended.  The only difference is that a generator
+function cannot control where should the execution continue after it
+yields; the control is always transfered to the generator's caller.
+
+\obindex{generator}
+
+The following generator's methods can be used to control the execution
+of a generator function:
+
+\exindex{StopIteration}
+
+\begin{methoddesc}[generator]{next}{}
+  Starts the execution of a generator function or resumes it at the
+  last executed \keyword{yield} expression.  When a generator function
+  is resumed with a \method{next()} method, the current \keyword{yield}
+  expression always evaluates to \constant{None}.  The execution then
+  continues to the next \keyword{yield} expression, where the generator
+  is suspended again, and the value of the
+  \grammartoken{expression_list} is returned to \method{next()}'s
+  caller. If the generator exits without yielding another value, a
+  \exception{StopIteration} exception is raised.
+\end{methoddesc}
+
+\begin{methoddesc}[generator]{send}{value}
+  Resumes the execution and ``sends'' a value into the generator
+  function.  The \code{value} argument becomes the result of the
+  current \keyword{yield} expression.  The \method{send()} method
+  returns the next value yielded by the generator, or raises
+  \exception{StopIteration} if the generator exits without yielding
+  another value.
+  When \method{send()} is called to start the generator, it must be
+  called with \constant{None} as the argument, because there is no
+  \keyword{yield} expression that could receieve the value.
+\end{methoddesc}
+
+\begin{methoddesc}[generator]{throw}
+                  {type\optional{, value\optional{, traceback}}}
+  Raises an exception of type \code{type} at the point where generator
+  was paused, and returns the next value yielded by the generator
+  function.  If the generator exits without yielding another value, a
+  \exception{StopIteration} exception is raised.  If the generator
+  function does not catch the passed-in exception, or raises a
+  different exception, then that exception propagates to the caller.
+\end{methoddesc}
+
+\exindex{GeneratorExit}
+
+\begin{methoddesc}[generator]{close}{}
+  Raises a \exception{GeneratorExit} at the point where the generator
+  function was paused.  If the generator function then raises
+  \exception{StopIteration} (by exiting normally, or due to already
+  being closed) or \exception{GeneratorExit} (by not catching the
+  exception), close returns to its caller.  If the generator yields a
+  value, a \exception{RuntimeError} is raised.  If the generator raises
+  any other exception, it is propagated to the caller.  \method{close}
+  does nothing if the generator has already exited due to an exception
+  or normal exit.
+\end{methoddesc}
+
+Here is a simple example that demonstrates the behavior of generators
+and generator functions:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+>>> def echo(value=None):
+...     print "Execution starts when 'next()' is called for the first time."
+...     try:
+...         while True:
+...             try:
+...                 value = (yield value)
+...             except GeneratorExit:
+...                 # never catch GeneratorExit
+...                 raise
+...             except Exception, e:
+...                 value = e
+...     finally:
+...         print "Don't forget to clean up when 'close()' is called."
+...
+>>> generator = echo(1)
+>>> print generator.next()
+Execution starts when 'next()' is called for the first time.
+1
+>>> print generator.next()
+None
+>>> print generator.send(2)
+2
+>>> generator.throw(TypeError, "spam")
+TypeError('spam',)
+>>> generator.close()
+Don't forget to clean up when 'close()' is called.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{seealso}
+  \seepep{0342}{Coroutines via Enhanced Generators}
+         {The proposal to enhance the API and syntax of generators,
+          making them usable as simple coroutines.}
+\end{seealso}
+
+
 \section{Primaries\label{primaries}}
 \index{primary}
 
@@ -474,9 +608,8 @@ series of arguments:
 
 \begin{productionlist}
   \production{call}
-             {\token{primary} "(" [\token{argument_list} [","]] ")"}
-             {\token{primary} "(" [\token{argument_list} [","] |
-	      \token{test} \token{genexpr_for} ] ")"}                                                   
+             {\token{primary} "(" [\token{argument_list} [","]}
+  \productioncont{            | \token{expression} \token{genexpr_for}] ")"}
   \production{argument_list}
              {\token{positional_arguments} ["," \token{keyword_arguments}]}
   \productioncont{                     ["," "*" \token{expression}]}
@@ -809,10 +942,9 @@ The shifting operations have lower priority than the arithmetic
 operations:
 
 \begin{productionlist}
-  % The empty groups below prevent conversion to guillemets.
   \production{shift_expr}
              {\token{a_expr}
-              | \token{shift_expr} ( "<{}<" | ">{}>" ) \token{a_expr}}
+              | \token{shift_expr} ( "<<" | ">>" ) \token{a_expr}}
 \end{productionlist}
 
 These operators accept plain or long integers as arguments.  The
@@ -1015,14 +1147,18 @@ truth value.
 
 
 \section{Boolean operations\label{Booleans}}
+\indexii{Conditional}{expression}
 \indexii{Boolean}{operation}
 
 Boolean operations have the lowest priority of all Python operations:
 
 \begin{productionlist}
   \production{expression}
-             {\token{or_test} [\token{if} \token{or_test} \token{else}
-              \token{test}] | \token{lambda_form}}
+             {\token{conditional_expression} | \token{lambda_form}}
+  \production{old_expression}
+             {\token{or_test} | \token{old_lambda_form}}
+  \production{conditional_expression}
+             {\token{or_test} ["if" \token{or_test} "else" \token{expression}]}
   \production{or_test}
              {\token{and_test} | \token{or_test} "or" \token{and_test}}
   \production{and_test}
@@ -1074,6 +1210,8 @@ not \code{''}.)
 \begin{productionlist}
   \production{lambda_form}
              {"lambda" [\token{parameter_list}]: \token{expression}}
+  \production{old_lambda_form}
+             {"lambda" [\token{parameter_list}]: \token{old_expression}}
 \end{productionlist}
 
 Lambda forms (lambda expressions) have the same syntactic position as