Merged revisions 61239-61249,61252-61257,61260-61264,61269-61275,61278-61279,61285-61286,61288-61290,61298,61303-61305,61312-61314,61317,61329,61332,61344,61350-61351,61363-61376,61378-61379,61382-61383,61387-61388,61392,61395-61396,61402-61403 via svnmerge from

svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk

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  r61239 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-03-05 01:44:41 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  Add more items; add fragmentary notes
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  r61240 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2008-03-05 02:50:33 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 13 lines

  Issue#2238: some syntax errors from *args or **kwargs expressions
  would give bogus error messages, because of untested exceptions::

      >>> f(**g(1=2))
      XXX undetected error
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
      TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable

  instead of the expected SyntaxError: keyword can't be an expression

  Will backport.
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  r61241 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-05 06:10:48 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 3 lines

  Remove the files/dirs after closing the DB so the tests work on Windows.
  Patch from Trent Nelson.  Also simplified removing a file by using test_support.
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  r61242 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-05 06:14:18 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 3 lines

  Get this test to pass even when there is no sound card in the system.
  Patch from Trent Nelson.  (I can't test this.)
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  r61243 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-05 06:20:44 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 3 lines

  Catch OSError when trying to remove a file in case removal fails. This
  should prevent a failure in tearDown masking any real test failure.
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  r61244 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-05 06:38:06 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 5 lines

  Make the timeout longer to give slow machines a chance to pass the test
  before timing out.  This doesn't change the duration of the test under
  normal circumstances.  This is targetted at fixing the spurious failures
  on the FreeBSD buildbot primarily.
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  r61245 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-05 06:49:03 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  Tabs -> spaces
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  r61246 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-05 06:50:20 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  Use -u urlfetch to run more tests
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  r61247 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-05 06:51:20 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  test_smtplib sometimes reports leaks too, suppress it
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  r61248 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-03-05 07:19:56 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 5 lines

  Fix test_socketserver on Windows after r61099 added several signal.alarm()
  calls (which don't exist on non-Unix platforms).

  Thanks to Trent Nelson for the report and patch.
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  r61249 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-05 08:10:35 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  Fix some rst.
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  r61252 | thomas.heller | 2008-03-05 15:53:39 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  News entry for yesterdays commit.
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  r61253 | thomas.heller | 2008-03-05 16:34:29 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 3 lines

  Issue 1872: Changed the struct module typecode from 't' to '?', for
  compatibility with PEP3118.
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  r61254 | skip.montanaro | 2008-03-05 17:41:09 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 4 lines

  Elaborate on the role of the altinstall target when installing multiple
  versions.
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  r61255 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-05 20:31:44 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  #2239: PYTHONPATH delimiter is os.pathsep.
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  r61256 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-05 21:59:58 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  C implementation of itertools.permutations().
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  r61257 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-05 22:04:32 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  Small code cleanup.
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  r61260 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-03-05 23:24:31 +0100 (Wed, 05 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  cd PCbuild only after deleting all pyc files.
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  r61261 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-06 02:15:52 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  Add examples.
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  r61262 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-03-06 02:36:27 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  Add two items
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  r61263 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-06 07:47:18 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  #1725737: ignore other VC directories other than CVS and SVN's too.
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  r61264 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-03-06 07:55:22 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 4 lines

  Patch #2232: os.tmpfile might fail on Windows if the user has no
  permission to create files in the root directory.
  Will backport to 2.5.
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  r61269 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-06 08:19:15 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  Expand on re.split behavior with captured expressions.
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  r61270 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-06 08:22:09 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  Little clarification of assignments.
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  r61271 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-06 08:31:34 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  Add isinstance/issubclass to tutorial.
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  r61272 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-06 08:34:52 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  Add missing NEWS entry for r61263.
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  r61273 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-06 08:41:16 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  #2225: return nonzero status code from py_compile if not all files could be compiled.
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  r61274 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-06 08:43:02 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  #2220: handle matching failure more gracefully.
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  r61275 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-06 08:45:52 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  Bug #2220: handle rlcompleter attribute match failure more gracefully.
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  r61278 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-03-06 14:49:47 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  Rely on x64 platform configuration when building _bsddb on AMD64.
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  r61279 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-03-06 14:50:28 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  Update db-4.4.20 build procedure.
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  r61285 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-06 21:52:01 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  More tests.
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  r61286 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-06 23:51:36 +0100 (Thu, 06 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  Issue 2246:  itertools grouper object did not participate in GC (should be backported).
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  r61288 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-07 02:33:20 +0100 (Fri, 07 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  Tweak recipes and tests
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  r61289 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-03-07 07:22:15 +0100 (Fri, 07 Mar 2008) | 5 lines

  Progress on issue #1193577 by adding a polling .shutdown() method to
  SocketServers. The core of the patch was written by Pedro Werneck, but any bugs
  are mine. I've also rearranged the code for timeouts in order to avoid
  interfering with the shutdown poll.
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  r61290 | nick.coghlan | 2008-03-07 15:13:28 +0100 (Fri, 07 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  Speed up with statements by storing the __exit__ method on the stack instead of in a temp variable (bumps the magic number for pyc files)
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  r61298 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-03-07 22:09:23 +0100 (Fri, 07 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  Grammar fix
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  r61303 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-08 10:54:06 +0100 (Sat, 08 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  #2253: fix continue vs. finally docs.
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  r61304 | marc-andre.lemburg | 2008-03-08 11:01:43 +0100 (Sat, 08 Mar 2008) | 3 lines

  Add new name for Mandrake: Mandriva.
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  r61305 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-08 11:05:24 +0100 (Sat, 08 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  #1533486: fix types in refcount intro.
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  r61312 | facundo.batista | 2008-03-08 17:50:27 +0100 (Sat, 08 Mar 2008) | 5 lines


  Issue 1106316. post_mortem()'s parameter, traceback, is now
  optional: it defaults to the traceback of the exception that is currently
  being handled.
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  r61313 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-03-08 19:26:54 +0100 (Sat, 08 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  Add tests for with and finally performance to pybench.
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  r61314 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-03-08 21:08:21 +0100 (Sat, 08 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  Fix pybench for pythons < 2.6, tested back to 2.3.
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  r61317 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-03-08 22:35:15 +0100 (Sat, 08 Mar 2008) | 3 lines

  Well that was dumb. platform.python_implementation returns a function, not a
  string.
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  r61329 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-09 16:11:39 +0100 (Sun, 09 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  #2249: document assertTrue and assertFalse.
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  r61332 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-09 20:03:42 +0100 (Sun, 09 Mar 2008) | 4 lines

  Introduce a lock to fix a race condition which caused an exception in the test.
  Some buildbots were consistently failing (e.g., amd64).
  Also remove a couple of semi-colons.
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  r61344 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-11 01:19:07 +0100 (Tue, 11 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  Add recipe to docs.
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  r61350 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-03-11 22:18:06 +0100 (Tue, 11 Mar 2008) | 3 lines

  Fix the overflows in expandtabs().  "This time for sure!"
  (Exploit at request.)
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  r61351 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-11 22:37:46 +0100 (Tue, 11 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  Improve docs for itemgetter().  Show that it works with slices.
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  r61363 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-13 08:15:56 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  #2265: fix example.
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  r61364 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-13 08:17:14 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  #2270: fix typo.
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  r61365 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-13 08:21:41 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  #1720705: add docs about import/threading interaction, wording by Nick.
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  r61366 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-03-13 12:07:35 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  Add class decorators
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  r61367 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-13 17:43:17 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  Add 2-to-3 support for the itertools moved to builtins or renamed.
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  r61368 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-13 17:43:59 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  Consistent tense.
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  r61369 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-13 20:03:51 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  Issue 2274:  Add heapq.heappushpop().
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  r61370 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-13 20:33:34 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  Simplify the nlargest() code using heappushpop().
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  r61371 | brett.cannon | 2008-03-13 21:27:00 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 4 lines

  Move test_thread over to unittest. Commits GHOP 237.

  Thanks Benjamin Peterson for the patch.
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  r61372 | brett.cannon | 2008-03-13 21:33:10 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 4 lines

  Move test_tokenize to doctest.

  Done as GHOP 238 by Josip Dzolonga.
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  r61373 | brett.cannon | 2008-03-13 21:47:41 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 4 lines

  Convert test_contains, test_crypt, and test_select to unittest.

  Patch from GHOP 294 by David Marek.
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  r61374 | brett.cannon | 2008-03-13 22:02:16 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 4 lines

  Move test_gdbm to use unittest.

  Closes issue #1960. Thanks Giampaolo Rodola.
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  r61375 | brett.cannon | 2008-03-13 22:09:28 +0100 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) | 4 lines

  Convert test_fcntl to unittest.

  Closes issue #2055. Thanks Giampaolo Rodola.
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  r61376 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-14 06:03:44 +0100 (Fri, 14 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  Leave heapreplace() unchanged.
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  r61378 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-03-14 14:56:09 +0100 (Fri, 14 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  Patch #2284: add -x64 option to rt.bat.
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  r61379 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-03-14 14:57:59 +0100 (Fri, 14 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  Use -x64 flag.
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  r61382 | brett.cannon | 2008-03-14 15:03:10 +0100 (Fri, 14 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  Remove a bad test.
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  r61383 | mark.dickinson | 2008-03-14 15:23:37 +0100 (Fri, 14 Mar 2008) | 9 lines

  Issue 705836: Fix struct.pack(">f", 1e40) to behave consistently
  across platforms:  it should now raise OverflowError on all
  platforms.  (Previously it raised OverflowError only on
  non IEEE 754 platforms.)

  Also fix the (already existing) test for this behaviour
  so that it actually raises TestFailed instead of just
  referencing it.
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  r61387 | thomas.heller | 2008-03-14 22:06:21 +0100 (Fri, 14 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  Remove unneeded initializer.
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  r61388 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-03-14 22:19:28 +0100 (Fri, 14 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  Run debug version, cd to PCbuild.
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  r61392 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-15 00:10:34 +0100 (Sat, 15 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  Remove obsolete paragraph. #2288.
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  r61395 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-15 01:20:19 +0100 (Sat, 15 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  Fix lots of broken links in the docs, found by Sphinx' external link checker.
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  r61396 | skip.montanaro | 2008-03-15 03:32:49 +0100 (Sat, 15 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  note that fork and forkpty raise OSError on failure
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  r61402 | skip.montanaro | 2008-03-15 17:04:45 +0100 (Sat, 15 Mar 2008) | 1 line

  add %f format to datetime - issue 1158
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  r61403 | skip.montanaro | 2008-03-15 17:07:11 +0100 (Sat, 15 Mar 2008) | 2 lines

  .
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1 files changed, 27 insertions, 6 deletions

diff --git a/Doc/tutorial/classes.rst b/Doc/tutorial/classes.rst
index d9e2f46..b9db87b 100644
--- a/Doc/tutorial/classes.rst
+++ b/Doc/tutorial/classes.rst
@@ -124,6 +124,8 @@ found outside of the innermost scope are read-only (an attempt to write to such
 a variable will simply create a *new* local variable in the innermost scope,
 leaving the identically named outer variable unchanged).
 
+.. XXX mention nonlocal
+
 Usually, the local scope references the local names of the (textually) current
 function.  Outside functions, the local scope references the same namespace as
 the global scope: the module's namespace. Class definitions place yet another
@@ -137,12 +139,15 @@ language definition is evolving towards static name resolution, at "compile"
 time, so don't rely on dynamic name resolution!  (In fact, local variables are
 already determined statically.)
 
-A special quirk of Python is that assignments normally go into the innermost
-scope.  Assignments do not copy data --- they just bind names to objects.  The
-same is true for deletions: the statement ``del x`` removes the binding of ``x``
-from the namespace referenced by the local scope.  In fact, all operations that
-introduce new names use the local scope: in particular, import statements and
-function definitions bind the module or function name in the local scope.
+A special quirk of Python is that -- if no :keyword:`global` or
+:keyword:`nonlocal` statement is in effect -- assignments to names always go
+into the innermost scope.  Assignments do not copy data --- they just bind names
+to objects.  The same is true for deletions: the statement ``del x`` removes the
+binding of ``x`` from the namespace referenced by the local scope.  In fact, all
+operations that introduce new names use the local scope: in particular, import
+statements and function definitions bind the module or function name in the
+local scope.  (The :keyword:`global` statement can be used to indicate that
+particular variables live in the global scope.)
 
 The :keyword:`global` statement can be used to indicate that particular
 variables live in the global scope and should be rebound there; the
@@ -466,6 +471,9 @@ classes defined in it.  Usually, the class containing the method is itself
 defined in this global scope, and in the next section we'll find some good
 reasons why a method would want to reference its own class!
 
+Each value is an object, and therefore has a *class* (also called its *type*).
+It is stored as ``object.__class__``.
+
 
 .. _tut-inheritance:
 
@@ -515,6 +523,19 @@ arguments)``.  This is occasionally useful to clients as well.  (Note that this
 only works if the base class is defined or imported directly in the global
 scope.)
 
+Python has two builtin functions that work with inheritance:
+
+* Use :func:`isinstance` to check an object's type: ``isinstance(obj, int)``
+  will be ``True`` only if ``obj.__class__`` is :class:`int` or some class
+  derived from :class:`int`.
+
+* Use :func:`issubclass` to check class inheritance: ``issubclass(bool, int)``
+  is ``True`` since :class:`bool` is a subclass of :class:`int`.  However,
+  ``issubclass(unicode, str)`` is ``False`` since :class:`unicode` is not a
+  subclass of :class:`str` (they only share a common ancestor,
+  :class:`basestring`).
+  
+
 
 .. _tut-multiple: