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author | Georg Brandl <georg@python.org> | 2008-09-13 17:18:21 (GMT) |
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committer | Georg Brandl <georg@python.org> | 2008-09-13 17:18:21 (GMT) |
commit | 5d955ed13e4489b229fd31135aaa9280835665be (patch) | |
tree | dbf87d436d01e9a251f011fb5282fd7b95213691 /Doc/tutorial/controlflow.rst | |
parent | d7b032841aba549f2ec532adcd83829d0126bf40 (diff) | |
download | cpython-5d955ed13e4489b229fd31135aaa9280835665be.zip cpython-5d955ed13e4489b229fd31135aaa9280835665be.tar.gz cpython-5d955ed13e4489b229fd31135aaa9280835665be.tar.bz2 |
Forward-port of r66447.
Diffstat (limited to 'Doc/tutorial/controlflow.rst')
-rw-r--r-- | Doc/tutorial/controlflow.rst | 51 |
1 files changed, 27 insertions, 24 deletions
diff --git a/Doc/tutorial/controlflow.rst b/Doc/tutorial/controlflow.rst index 488ba91..5fdddcb 100644 --- a/Doc/tutorial/controlflow.rst +++ b/Doc/tutorial/controlflow.rst @@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ Perhaps the most well-known statement type is the :keyword:`if` statement. For example:: >>> x = int(input("Please enter an integer: ")) + Please enter an integer: 42 >>> if x < 0: ... x = 0 ... print('Negative changed to zero') @@ -26,7 +27,8 @@ example:: ... print('Single') ... else: ... print('More') - ... + ... + More There can be zero or more :keyword:`elif` parts, and the :keyword:`else` part is optional. The keyword ':keyword:`elif`' is short for 'else if', and is useful @@ -191,7 +193,7 @@ The :keyword:`pass` statement does nothing. It can be used when a statement is required syntactically but the program requires no action. For example:: >>> while True: - ... pass # Busy-wait for keyboard interrupt + ... pass # Busy-wait for keyboard interrupt (Ctrl+C) ... @@ -223,14 +225,14 @@ boundary:: The keyword :keyword:`def` introduces a function *definition*. It must be followed by the function name and the parenthesized list of formal parameters. The statements that form the body of the function start at the next line, and -must be indented. The first statement of the function body can optionally be a -string literal; this string literal is the function's documentation string, or -:dfn:`docstring`. +must be indented. +The first statement of the function body can optionally be a string literal; +this string literal is the function's documentation string, or :dfn:`docstring`. +(More about docstrings can be found in the section :ref:`tut-docstrings`.) There are tools which use docstrings to automatically produce online or printed documentation, or to let the user interactively browse through code; it's good -practice to include docstrings in code that you write, so try to make a habit of -it. +practice to include docstrings in code that you write, so make a habit of it. The *execution* of a function introduces a new symbol table used for the local variables of the function. More precisely, all variable assignments in a @@ -259,12 +261,12 @@ mechanism:: >>> f(100) 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 -You might object that ``fib`` is not a function but a procedure. In Python, -like in C, procedures are just functions that don't return a value. In fact, -technically speaking, procedures do return a value, albeit a rather boring one. -This value is called ``None`` (it's a built-in name). Writing the value -``None`` is normally suppressed by the interpreter if it would be the only value -written. You can see it if you really want to using :func:`print`:: +Coming from other languages, you might object that ``fib`` is not a function but +a procedure since it doesn't return a value. In fact, even functions without a +:keyword:`return` statement do return a value, albeit a rather boring one. This +value is called ``None`` (it's a built-in name). Writing the value ``None`` is +normally suppressed by the interpreter if it would be the only value written. +You can see it if you really want to using :func:`print`:: >>> fib(0) >>> print(fib(0)) @@ -290,7 +292,7 @@ This example, as usual, demonstrates some new Python features: * The :keyword:`return` statement returns with a value from a function. :keyword:`return` without an expression argument returns ``None``. Falling off - the end of a procedure also returns ``None``. + the end of a function also returns ``None``. * The statement ``result.append(b)`` calls a *method* of the list object ``result``. A method is a function that 'belongs' to an object and is named @@ -432,20 +434,20 @@ list. (``*name`` must occur before ``**name``.) For example, if we define a function like this:: def cheeseshop(kind, *arguments, **keywords): - print("-- Do you have any", kind, '?') + print("-- Do you have any", kind, "?") print("-- I'm sorry, we're all out of", kind) for arg in arguments: print(arg) - print('-'*40) + print("-" * 40) keys = sorted(keywords.keys()) - for kw in keys: print(kw, ':', keywords[kw]) + for kw in keys: print(kw, ":", keywords[kw]) It could be called like this:: - cheeseshop('Limburger', "It's very runny, sir.", + cheeseshop("Limburger", "It's very runny, sir.", "It's really very, VERY runny, sir.", - client='John Cleese', - shopkeeper='Michael Palin', - sketch='Cheese Shop Sketch') + shopkeeper="Michael Palin", + client="John Cleese", + sketch="Cheese Shop Sketch") and of course it would print:: @@ -472,8 +474,8 @@ Arbitrary Argument Lists Finally, the least frequently used option is to specify that a function can be called with an arbitrary number of arguments. These arguments will be wrapped -up in a tuple. Before the variable number of arguments, zero or more normal -arguments may occur. :: +up in a tuple (see :ref:`tut-tuples`). Before the variable number of arguments, +zero or more normal arguments may occur. :: def write_multiple_items(file, separator, *args): file.write(separator.join(args)) @@ -644,7 +646,8 @@ extracted for you: * Name your classes and functions consistently; the convention is to use ``CamelCase`` for classes and ``lower_case_with_underscores`` for functions - and methods. Always use ``self`` as the name for the first method argument. + and methods. Always use ``self`` as the name for the first method argument + (see :ref:`tut-firstclasses` for more on classes and methods). * Don't use fancy encodings if your code is meant to be used in international environments. Plain ASCII works best in any case. |