Merged revisions 59259-59274 via svnmerge from

svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk

........
  r59260 | lars.gustaebel | 2007-12-01 22:02:12 +0100 (Sat, 01 Dec 2007) | 5 lines

  Issue #1531: Read fileobj from the current offset, do not seek to
  the start.

  (will backport to 2.5)
........
  r59262 | georg.brandl | 2007-12-01 23:24:47 +0100 (Sat, 01 Dec 2007) | 4 lines

  Document PyEval_* functions from ceval.c.

  Credits to Michael Sloan from GHOP.
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  r59263 | georg.brandl | 2007-12-01 23:27:56 +0100 (Sat, 01 Dec 2007) | 2 lines

  Add a few refcount data entries.
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  r59264 | georg.brandl | 2007-12-01 23:38:48 +0100 (Sat, 01 Dec 2007) | 4 lines

  Add test suite for cmd module.

  Written by Michael Schneider for GHOP.
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  r59265 | georg.brandl | 2007-12-01 23:42:46 +0100 (Sat, 01 Dec 2007) | 3 lines

  Add examples to the ElementTree documentation.
  Written by h4wk.cz for GHOP.
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  r59266 | georg.brandl | 2007-12-02 00:12:45 +0100 (Sun, 02 Dec 2007) | 3 lines

  Add "Using Python on Windows" document, by Robert Lehmann.
  Written for GHOP.
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  r59271 | georg.brandl | 2007-12-02 15:34:34 +0100 (Sun, 02 Dec 2007) | 3 lines

  Add example to mmap docs.
  Written for GHOP by Rafal Rawicki.
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  r59272 | georg.brandl | 2007-12-02 15:37:29 +0100 (Sun, 02 Dec 2007) | 2 lines

  Convert bdb.rst line endings to Unix style.
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  r59274 | georg.brandl | 2007-12-02 15:58:50 +0100 (Sun, 02 Dec 2007) | 4 lines

  Add more entries to the glossary.

  Written by Jeff Wheeler for GHOP.
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3 files changed, 322 insertions, 29 deletions

diff --git a/Doc/using/cmdline.rst b/Doc/using/cmdline.rst
index 18e6c68..38b9a0f 100644
--- a/Doc/using/cmdline.rst
+++ b/Doc/using/cmdline.rst
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 .. highlightlang:: none
 
+.. _using-on-general:
+
 Command line and environment
 ============================
 
@@ -12,6 +14,8 @@ settings.
    :ref:`implementations` for further resources.
 
 
+.. _using-on-cmdline:
+
 Command line
 ------------
 
@@ -289,35 +293,7 @@ Miscellaneous options
    
    .. warning:: The line numbers in error messages will be off by one!
 
-
-Related files -- UNIX
----------------------
-
-These are subject to difference depending on local installation conventions;
-:envvar:`prefix` (``${prefix}``) and :envvar:`exec_prefix` (``${exec_prefix}``)
-are installation-dependent and should be interpreted as for GNU software; they
-may be the same.
-
-For example, on most Linux systems, the default for both is :file:`/usr`.
-
-+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| File/directory                                | Meaning                                  |
-+===============================================+==========================================+
-| :file:`{exec_prefix}/bin/python`              | Recommended location of the interpreter. |
-+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :file:`{prefix}/lib/python{version}`,         | Recommended locations of the directories |
-| :file:`{exec_prefix}/lib/python{version}`     | containing the standard modules.         |
-+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :file:`{prefix}/include/python{version}`,     | Recommended locations of the directories |
-| :file:`{exec_prefix}/include/python{version}` | containing the include files needed for  |
-|                                               | developing Python extensions and         |
-|                                               | embedding the interpreter.               |
-+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-| :file:`~/.pythonrc.py`                        | User-specific initialization file loaded |
-|                                               | by the user module; not used by default  |
-|                                               | or by most applications.                 |
-+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
-
+.. _using-on-envvars:
 
 Environment variables
 ---------------------
diff --git a/Doc/using/index.rst b/Doc/using/index.rst
index f8d8ce4..e2fa4b4 100644
--- a/Doc/using/index.rst
+++ b/Doc/using/index.rst
@@ -13,5 +13,6 @@ interpreter and things that make working with Python easier.
 .. toctree::
 
    cmdline.rst
+   windows.rst
    mac.rst
 
diff --git a/Doc/using/windows.rst b/Doc/using/windows.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db83605
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/using/windows.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+.. highlightlang:: none
+
+.. _using-on-windows:
+
+*************************
+ Using Python on Windows
+*************************
+
+.. sectionauthor:: Robert Lehmann <lehmannro@gmail.com>
+
+This document aims to give an overview of Windows-specific behaviour you should
+know about when using Python on Microsoft Windows.
+
+
+Installing Python
+=================
+
+Unlike most Unix systems and services, Windows does not require Python natively
+and thus does not pre-install a version of Python.  However, the CPython team
+has compiled Windows installers (MSI packages) with every `release
+<http://www.python.org/download/releases/>`_ for many years.
+
+With ongoing development of Python, some platforms that used to be supported
+earlier are not longer supported (due to the lack of users or developers).
+Check :pep:`11` for details on all unsupported platforms.
+
+* DOS and Windows 3.x are deprecated since Python 2.0 and code specific to these
+  systems was removed in Python 2.1.
+* Up to 2.5, Python was still compatible with Windows 95, 98 and ME (but already
+  raised a deprecation warning on installation).  For Python 2.6 (and all
+  following releases), this support was dropped and new releases are just
+  expected to work on the Windows NT family.
+* `Windows CE <http://pythonce.sourceforge.net/>`_ is still supported.
+* The `Cygwin <http://cygwin.com/>`_ installer offers to install the `Python
+  interpreter <http://cygwin.com/packages/python>`_ as well; it is located under
+  "Interpreters." (cf. `Cygwin package source
+  <ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/pc/gnuwin32/cygwin/mirrors/cygnus/
+  release/python>`_, `Maintainer releases
+  <http://www.tishler.net/jason/software/python/>`_)
+
+See `Python for Windows (and DOS) <http://www.python.org/download/windows/>`_
+for detailed information about platforms with precompiled installers.
+
+.. seealso::
+
+   `Python on XP <http://www.richarddooling.com/index.php/2006/03/14/python-on-xp-7-minutes-to-hello-world/>`_
+      "7 Minutes to "Hello World!""
+      by Richard Dooling, 2006
+
+   `Installing on Windows <http://diveintopython.org/installing_python/windows.html>`_
+      in "`Dive into Python: Python from novice to pro
+      <http://diveintopython.org/index.html>`_"
+      by Mark Pilgrim, 2004,
+      ISBN 1-59059-356-1
+
+   `For Windows users <http://swaroopch.com/text/Byte_of_Python:Installing_Python#For_Windows_users>`_
+      in "Installing Python"
+      in "`A Byte of Python <http://www.byteofpython.info>`_"
+      by Swaroop C H, 2003
+
+
+Alternative bundles
+===================
+
+Besides the standard CPython distribution, there are modified packages including
+additional functionality.  The following is a list of popular versions and their
+key features:
+
+`ActivePython <http://www.activestate.com/Products/activepython/>`_
+    Installer with multi-platform compatibility, documentation, PyWin32
+
+`Python Enthought Edition <http://code.enthought.com/enthon/>`_
+    Popular modules (such as PyWin32) with their respective documentation, tool
+    suite for building extensible python applications
+
+
+
+Configuring Python
+==================
+
+In order to run Python flawlessly, you might have to change certain environment
+settings in Windows.
+
+
+Excursus: Setting environment variables
+---------------------------------------
+
+Windows has a built-in dialog for changing environment variables: Right-click
+the icon for your machine (usually located on your Desktop and called "My
+Computer") and choose :menuselection:`Properties` there.  Then, open the
+:guilabel:`Advanced` tab and click the :guilabel:`Environment Variables` button.
+
+In short, your path is:
+
+    :menuselection:`My Computer
+    --> Properties
+    --> Advanced
+    --> Environment Variables`
+
+In this dialog, you can add or modify User and System variables. To change
+System variables, you need non-restricted access to your machine
+(i.e. Administrator rights).
+
+Another way of adding variables to your environment is using the :command:`set`
+command::
+
+    set PYTHONPATH=%PYTHONPATH%;C:\My_python_lib
+
+To make this setting permanent, you could add the corresponding command line to
+your :file:`autoexec.bat`.
+
+Viewing environment variables can also be done more straight-forward: The
+command prompt will expand strings wrapped into percent signs automatically::
+
+    echo %PATH%
+
+Consult :command:`set /?` for details on this behaviour.
+
+.. seealso::
+
+   http://support.microsoft.com/kb/100843
+      Environment variables in Windows NT
+
+   http://support.microsoft.com/kb/310519
+      How To Manage Environment Variables in Windows XP
+
+
+Finding the Python executable
+-----------------------------
+
+Besides using the automatically created start menu entry for the Python
+interpreter, you might want to start Python in the DOS prompt.  To make this
+work, you need to set your :envvar:`%PATH%` environment variable to include the
+directory of your Python distribution, delimited by a semicolon from other
+entries.  An example variable could look like this (assuming the first two
+entries are Windows' default)::
+
+    C:\WINNT\system32;C:\WINNT;C:\Python25
+
+Typing :command:`python` on your command prompt will now fire up the Python
+interpreter.  Thus, you can also execute your scripts with command line options,
+see :ref:`using-on-cmdline` documentation.
+
+
+Finding modules
+---------------
+
+Python usually stores its library (and thereby your site-packages folder) in the
+installation directory.  So, if you had installed Python to
+:file:`C:\\Python\\`, the default library would reside in
+:file:`C:\\Python\\Lib\\` and third-party modules should be stored in
+:file:`C:\\Python\\Lib\\site-packages\\`.
+
+.. % `` this fixes syntax highlighting errors in some editors
+   due to the \\ hackery
+
+You can add folders to your search path to make Python's import mechanism search
+in these directories as well.  Use :envvar:`PYTHONPATH`, as described in
+:ref:`using-on-envvars`, to modify :data:`sys.path`.  On Windows, paths are
+separated by semicolons, though, to distinguish them from drive identifiers
+(:file:`C:\\` etc.).
+
+.. % ``
+
+Modifying the module search path can also be done through the Windows registry:
+Edit
+:file:`HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Python\\PythonCore\\{version}\\PythonPath\\`,
+as described above for the environment variable :envvar:`%PYTHONPATH%`.  A
+convenient registry editor is :program:`regedit` (start it by typing "regedit"
+into :menuselection:`Start --> Run`).
+
+
+Executing scripts
+-----------------
+
+Python scripts (files with the extension ``.py``) will be executed by
+:program:`python.exe` by default.  This executable opens a terminal, which stays
+open even if the program uses a GUI.  If you do not want this to happen, use the
+extension ``.pyw`` which will cause the script to be executed by
+:program:`pythonw.exe` by default (both executables are located in the top-level
+of your Python installation directory).  This suppresses the terminal window on
+startup.
+
+You can also make all ``.py`` scripts execute with :program:`pythonw.exe`,
+setting this through the usual facilites, for example (names might differ,
+depending on your version of Windows):
+
+#. Open the context menu of a :file:`{*}.py` file.
+#. Click :menuselection:`Open with...`.
+#. Choose the interpreter of your choice (utilize :guilabel:`Other...` or
+   :guilabel:`Choose Program...` if it is not in the list of default programs).
+#. Check :guilabel:`Always open files with this program`.
+#. Click :guilabel:`OK`.
+
+
+
+Additional modules
+==================
+
+Even though Python aims to be portable among all platforms, there are features
+that are unique to Windows.  A couple of modules, both in the standard library
+and external, and snippets exist to use these features.
+
+The Windows-specific standard modules are documented in
+:ref:`mswin-specific-services`.
+
+
+PyWin32
+-------
+
+The `PyWin32 <http://python.net/crew/mhammond/win32/>`_ module by Mark Hammond
+is a collection of modules for advanced Windows-specific support.  This includes
+utilites for:
+
+* `Component Object Model <http://www.microsoft.com/com/>`_ (COM)
+* Win32 API calls
+* Registry
+* Event log
+* `Microsoft Foundation Classes <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/
+  en-us/vclib/html/_mfc_Class_Library_Reference_Introduction.asp>`_ (MFC)
+  user interfaces
+
+`PythonWin <http://web.archive.org/web/20060524042422/
+http://www.python.org/windows/pythonwin/>`_ is a sample MFC application
+shipped with PyWin32.  It is an embeddable IDE with a built-in debugger.
+
+.. seealso::
+
+   `Win32 How Do I...? <http://timgolden.me.uk/python/win32_how_do_i.html>`_
+      by Tim Golden
+
+   `Python and COM <http://www.boddie.org.uk/python/COM.html>`_
+      by David and Paul Boddie
+
+
+Py2exe
+------
+
+`Py2exe <http://www.py2exe.org/>`_ is a :mod:`distutils` extension (see
+:ref:`extending-distutils`) which wraps Python scripts into executable Windows
+programs (:file:`{*}.exe` files).  When you have done this, you can distribute
+your application without requiring your users to install Python.
+
+
+WConio
+------
+
+Since Python's advanced terminal handling layer, :mod:`curses`, is restricted to
+Unix-like systems, there is a library exclusive to Windows as well: Windows
+Console I/O for Python.
+
+`WConio <http://newcenturycomputers.net/projects/wconio.html>`_ is a wrapper for
+Turbo-C's :file:`CONIO.H`, used to create text user interfaces.
+
+
+
+Compiling Python on Windows
+===========================
+
+If you want to compile CPython yourself, first thing you should do is get the
+`source <http://python.org/download/source/>`_. You can download either the
+latest release's source or just grab a fresh `checkout
+<http://www.python.org/dev/faq/
+#how-do-i-get-a-checkout-of-the-repository-read-only-and-read-write>`_.
+
+For Microsoft Visual C++, which is the compiler with which official Python
+releases are built, the source tree contains solutions/project files.  View the
+:file:`readme.txt` in their respective directories:
+
++--------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
+| Directory          | MSVC version | Visual Studio version |
++====================+==============+=======================+
+| :file:`PC/VC6/`    | 5.0          | 97                    |
+|                    +--------------+-----------------------+
+|                    | 6.0          | 6.0                   |
++--------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
+| :file:`PCbuild/`   | 7.1          | 2003                  |
++--------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
+| :file:`PCbuild8/`  | 8.0          | 2005                  |
++--------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
+| :file:`PCbuild9/`  | 9.0          | 2008                  |
++--------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
+
+Note that not all of these build directories are fully supported.  Read the
+release notes to see which compiler version the official releases for your
+version are built with.
+
+Check :file:`PC/readme.txt` for general information on the build process.
+
+
+For extension modules, consult :ref:`building-on-windows`.
+
+.. seealso::
+
+   `Python + Windows + distutils + SWIG + gcc MinGW <http://sebsauvage.net/python/mingw.html>`_
+      or "Creating Python extensions in C/C++ with SWIG and compiling them with
+      MinGW gcc under Windows" or "Installing Python extension with distutils
+      and without Microsoft Visual C++" by Sébastien Sauvage, 2003
+
+   `MingW -- Python extensions <http://www.mingw.org/MinGWiki/index.php/Python%20extensions>`_
+      by Trent Apted et al, 2007
+
+
+Other resources
+===============
+
+.. seealso::
+
+   `Python Programming On Win32 <http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/pythonwin32/>`_
+      "Help for Windows Programmers"
+      by Mark Hammond and Andy Robinson, O'Reilly Media, 2000,
+      ISBN 1-56592-621-8
+
+   `A Python for Windows Tutorial <http://www.imladris.com/Scripts/PythonForWindows.html>`_
+      by Amanda Birmingham, 2004
+