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author | Phillip J. Eby <pje@telecommunity.com> | 2006-03-27 19:59:34 (GMT) |
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committer | Phillip J. Eby <pje@telecommunity.com> | 2006-03-27 19:59:34 (GMT) |
commit | 5d0f4c61931e9696a8864e86eab3f00a5600bd37 (patch) | |
tree | 06ca8e81fb83efc52e7cdc503ad407a95b9ed87e /Doc | |
parent | 06b3ddea2353d815936a04133f798b359f059d5b (diff) | |
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Document the PEP 343 context manager protocol methods.
Diffstat (limited to 'Doc')
-rw-r--r-- | Doc/ref/ref3.tex | 58 |
1 files changed, 58 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Doc/ref/ref3.tex b/Doc/ref/ref3.tex index 737b861..dfd4102 100644 --- a/Doc/ref/ref3.tex +++ b/Doc/ref/ref3.tex @@ -2106,3 +2106,61 @@ implement a \method{__coerce__()} method, for use by the built-in \function{coerce()} function. \end{itemize} + +\subsection{Context Managers and Contexts\label{context-managers}} + +A \dfn{context manager} is an object that manages the entry to, and exit +from, a \dfn{context} surrounding a block of code. Context managers are +normally invoked using the \keyword{with} statement (described in +section~\ref{with}), but can also be used by directly invoking their +methods. +\stindex{with} +\index{context manager} +\index{context} + +Typical uses of context managers include saving and restoring various +kinds of global state, locking and unlocking resources, closing opened +files, etc. + +\begin{methoddesc}[context manager]{__context__}{self} +Invoked when the object is used as the context expression of a +\keyword{with} statement. The return value must implement +\method{__enter__()} and \method{__exit__()} methods. Simple context +managers that wish to directly +implement \method{__enter__()} and \method{__exit__()} should just +return \var{self}. + +Context managers written in Python can also implement this method using +a generator function decorated with the +\function{contextlib.contextmanager} decorator, as this can be simpler +than writing individual \method{__enter__()} and \method{__exit__()} +methods when the state to be managed is complex. +\end{methoddesc} + +\begin{methoddesc}[context]{__enter__}{self} +Enter the context defined by this object. The \keyword{with} statement +will bind this method's return value to the target(s) specified in the +\keyword{as} clause of the statement, if any. +\end{methoddesc} + +\begin{methoddesc}[context]{__exit__}{exc_type, exc_value, traceback} +Exit the context defined by this object. The parameters describe the +exception that caused the context to be exited. If the context was +exited without an exception, all three arguments will be +\constant{None}. + +If an exception is supplied, and the method wishes to suppress the +exception (i.e., prevent it from being propagated), it should return a +true value. Otherwise, the exception will be processed normally upon +exit from this method. + +Note that \method{__exit__} methods should not reraise the passed-in +exception; this is the caller's responsibility. +\end{methoddesc} + +\begin{seealso} + \seepep{0343}{The "with" statement} + {The specification, background, and examples for the + Python \keyword{with} statement.} +\end{seealso} + |