Signature documentation style update, modules J, K, L and M.

20 files changed, 100 insertions, 116 deletions

diff --git a/Doc/library/json.rst b/Doc/library/json.rst
index 955c25b..e220e7b 100644
--- a/Doc/library/json.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/json.rst
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ Using json.tool from the shell to validate and pretty-print::
 Basic Usage
 -----------
 
-.. function:: dump(obj, fp[, skipkeys[, ensure_ascii[, check_circular[, allow_nan[, cls[, indent[, separators[, default[, **kw]]]]]]]]]])
+.. function:: dump(obj, fp, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True, allow_nan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None, default=None, **kw)
 
    Serialize *obj* as a JSON formatted stream to *fp* (a ``.write()``-supporting
    file-like object).
@@ -126,7 +126,6 @@ Basic Usage
    :class:`bytes` objects. Therefore, ``fp.write()`` must support :class:`str`
    input.
 
-
    If *check_circular* is ``False`` (default: ``True``), then the circular
    reference check for container types will be skipped and a circular reference
    will result in an :exc:`OverflowError` (or worse).
@@ -153,13 +152,13 @@ Basic Usage
    *cls* kwarg.
 
 
-.. function:: dumps(obj[, skipkeys[, ensure_ascii[, check_circular[, allow_nan[, cls[, indent[, separators[, default[, **kw]]]]]]]]]])
+.. function:: dumps(obj, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True, allow_nan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None, default=None, **kw)
 
    Serialize *obj* to a JSON formatted :class:`str`.  The arguments have the
    same meaning as in :func:`dump`.
 
 
-.. function:: load(fp[, cls[, object_hook[, parse_float[, parse_int[, parse_constant[, object_pairs_hook[, **kw]]]]]]]])
+.. function:: load(fp, cls=None, object_hook=None, parse_float=None, parse_int=None, parse_constant=None, object_pairs_hook=None, **kw)
 
    Deserialize *fp* (a ``.read()``-supporting file-like object containing a JSON
    document) to a Python object.
@@ -200,7 +199,7 @@ Basic Usage
    class.
 
 
-.. function:: loads(s[, encoding[, cls[, object_hook[, parse_float[, parse_int[, parse_constant[, object_pairs_hook[, **kw]]]]]]]])
+.. function:: loads(s, encoding=None, cls=None, object_hook=None, parse_float=None, parse_int=None, parse_constant=None, object_pairs_hook=None, **kw)
 
    Deserialize *s* (a :class:`str` or :class:`unicode` instance containing a JSON
    document) to a Python object.
@@ -216,7 +215,7 @@ Basic Usage
 Encoders and decoders
 ---------------------
 
-.. class:: JSONDecoder([encoding[, object_hook[, parse_float[, parse_int[, parse_constant[, strict[, object_pairs_hook]]]]]]])
+.. class:: JSONDecoder(object_hook=None, parse_float=None, parse_int=None, parse_constant=None, strict=True, object_pairs_hook=None)
 
    Simple JSON decoder.
 
@@ -292,7 +291,7 @@ Encoders and decoders
       extraneous data at the end.
 
 
-.. class:: JSONEncoder([skipkeys[, ensure_ascii[, check_circular[, allow_nan[, sort_keys[, indent[, separators[, default]]]]]]]])
+.. class:: JSONEncoder(skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True, allow_nan=True, sort_keys=False, indent=None, separators=None, default=None)
 
    Extensible JSON encoder for Python data structures.
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/keyword.rst b/Doc/library/keyword.rst
index 32a2d34..a4bfa50 100644
--- a/Doc/library/keyword.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/keyword.rst
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 :mod:`keyword` --- Testing for Python keywords
 ==============================================
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/language.rst b/Doc/library/language.rst
index 3cc4b82..3d907a0 100644
--- a/Doc/library/language.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/language.rst
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 .. _language:
 
 ************************
diff --git a/Doc/library/linecache.rst b/Doc/library/linecache.rst
index 1aef2f3..146cb27 100644
--- a/Doc/library/linecache.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/linecache.rst
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 :mod:`linecache` --- Random access to text lines
 ================================================
 
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ to retrieve source lines for inclusion in  the formatted traceback.
 The :mod:`linecache` module defines the following functions:
 
 
-.. function:: getline(filename, lineno[, module_globals])
+.. function:: getline(filename, lineno, module_globals=None)
 
    Get line *lineno* from file named *filename*. This function will never throw an
    exception --- it will return ``''`` on errors (the terminating newline character
@@ -35,12 +34,13 @@ The :mod:`linecache` module defines the following functions:
    previously read using :func:`getline`.
 
 
-.. function:: checkcache([filename])
+.. function:: checkcache(filename=None)
 
    Check the cache for validity.  Use this function if files in the cache  may have
    changed on disk, and you require the updated version.  If *filename* is omitted,
    it will check all the entries in the cache.
 
+
 Example::
 
    >>> import linecache
diff --git a/Doc/library/locale.rst b/Doc/library/locale.rst
index f72a44a..163a383 100644
--- a/Doc/library/locale.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/locale.rst
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 :mod:`locale` --- Internationalization services
 ===============================================
 
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ The :mod:`locale` module defines the following exception and functions:
    Exception raised when :func:`setlocale` fails.
 
 
-.. function:: setlocale(category[, locale])
+.. function:: setlocale(category, locale=None)
 
    If *locale* is specified, it may be a string, a tuple of the form ``(language
    code, encoding)``, or ``None``. If it is a tuple, it is converted to a string
@@ -151,7 +150,7 @@ The :mod:`locale` module defines the following exception and functions:
    constants are available in the locale module.
 
 
-.. function:: getdefaultlocale([envvars])
+.. function:: getdefaultlocale(envvars=('LC_ALL', 'LC_CTYPE', 'LANG', 'LANGUAGE'))
 
    Tries to determine the default locale settings and returns them as a tuple of
    the form ``(language code, encoding)``.
@@ -164,17 +163,17 @@ The :mod:`locale` module defines the following exception and functions:
 
    To maintain compatibility with other platforms, not only the :envvar:`LANG`
    variable is tested, but a list of variables given as envvars parameter.  The
-   first found to be defined will be used.  *envvars* defaults to the search path
-   used in GNU gettext; it must always contain the variable name ``LANG``.  The GNU
-   gettext search path contains ``'LANGUAGE'``, ``'LC_ALL'``, ``'LC_CTYPE'``, and
-   ``'LANG'``, in that order.
+   first found to be defined will be used.  *envvars* defaults to the search
+   path used in GNU gettext; it must always contain the variable name
+   ``'LANG'``.  The GNU gettext search path contains ``'LC_ALL'``,
+   ``'LC_CTYPE'``, ``'LANG'`` and ``'LANGUAGE'``, in that order.
 
    Except for the code ``'C'``, the language code corresponds to :rfc:`1766`.
    *language code* and *encoding* may be ``None`` if their values cannot be
    determined.
 
 
-.. function:: getlocale([category])
+.. function:: getlocale(category=LC_CTYPE)
 
    Returns the current setting for the given locale category as sequence containing
    *language code*, *encoding*. *category* may be one of the :const:`LC_\*` values
@@ -185,7 +184,7 @@ The :mod:`locale` module defines the following exception and functions:
    determined.
 
 
-.. function:: getpreferredencoding([do_setlocale])
+.. function:: getpreferredencoding(do_setlocale=True)
 
    Return the encoding used for text data, according to user preferences.  User
    preferences are expressed differently on different systems, and might not be
@@ -207,7 +206,7 @@ The :mod:`locale` module defines the following exception and functions:
    encoding for the locale code just like :func:`setlocale`.
 
 
-.. function:: resetlocale([category])
+.. function:: resetlocale(category=LC_ALL)
 
    Sets the locale for *category* to the default setting.
 
@@ -232,7 +231,7 @@ The :mod:`locale` module defines the following exception and functions:
    sequence of strings.
 
 
-.. function:: format(format, val[, grouping[, monetary]])
+.. function:: format(format, val, grouping=False, monetary=False)
 
    Formats a number *val* according to the current :const:`LC_NUMERIC` setting.
    The format follows the conventions of the ``%`` operator.  For floating point
@@ -246,13 +245,13 @@ The :mod:`locale` module defines the following exception and functions:
    For whole format strings, use :func:`format_string`.
 
 
-.. function:: format_string(format, val[, grouping])
+.. function:: format_string(format, val, grouping=False)
 
    Processes formatting specifiers as in ``format % val``, but takes the current
    locale settings into account.
 
 
-.. function:: currency(val[, symbol[, grouping[, international]]])
+.. function:: currency(val, symbol=True, grouping=False, international=False)
 
    Formats a number *val* according to the current :const:`LC_MONETARY` settings.
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/logging.rst b/Doc/library/logging.rst
index c647bd4..82dab09 100644
--- a/Doc/library/logging.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/logging.rst
@@ -616,9 +616,9 @@ In addition to the classes described above, there are a number of module- level
 functions.
 
 
-.. function:: getLogger([name])
+.. function:: getLogger(name=None)
 
-   Return a logger with the specified name or, if no name is specified, return a
+   Return a logger with the specified name or, if name is ``None``, return a
    logger which is the root logger of the hierarchy. If specified, the name is
    typically a dot-separated hierarchical name like *"a"*, *"a.b"* or *"a.b.c.d"*.
    Choice of these names is entirely up to the developer who is using logging.
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ functions.
           # ... override behaviour here
 
 
-.. function:: debug(msg[, *args[, **kwargs]])
+.. function:: debug(msg, *args, **kwargs)
 
    Logs a message with level :const:`DEBUG` on the root logger. The *msg* is the
    message format string, and the *args* are the arguments which are merged into
@@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ functions.
       d = {'clientip': '192.168.0.1', 'user': 'fbloggs'}
       logging.warning("Protocol problem: %s", "connection reset", extra=d)
 
-   would print something like  ::
+   would print something like ::
 
       2006-02-08 22:20:02,165 192.168.0.1 fbloggs  Protocol problem: connection reset
 
@@ -686,38 +686,38 @@ functions.
    :class:`Formatter`\ s would be used with particular :class:`Handler`\ s.
 
 
-.. function:: info(msg[, *args[, **kwargs]])
+.. function:: info(msg, *args, **kwargs)
 
    Logs a message with level :const:`INFO` on the root logger. The arguments are
    interpreted as for :func:`debug`.
 
 
-.. function:: warning(msg[, *args[, **kwargs]])
+.. function:: warning(msg, *args, **kwargs)
 
    Logs a message with level :const:`WARNING` on the root logger. The arguments are
    interpreted as for :func:`debug`.
 
 
-.. function:: error(msg[, *args[, **kwargs]])
+.. function:: error(msg, *args, **kwargs)
 
    Logs a message with level :const:`ERROR` on the root logger. The arguments are
    interpreted as for :func:`debug`.
 
 
-.. function:: critical(msg[, *args[, **kwargs]])
+.. function:: critical(msg, *args, **kwargs)
 
    Logs a message with level :const:`CRITICAL` on the root logger. The arguments
    are interpreted as for :func:`debug`.
 
 
-.. function:: exception(msg[, *args])
+.. function:: exception(msg, *args)
 
    Logs a message with level :const:`ERROR` on the root logger. The arguments are
    interpreted as for :func:`debug`. Exception info is added to the logging
    message. This function should only be called from an exception handler.
 
 
-.. function:: log(level, msg[, *args[, **kwargs]])
+.. function:: log(level, msg, *args, **kwargs)
 
    Logs a message with level *level* on the root logger. The other arguments are
    interpreted as for :func:`debug`.
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ functions.
    it as a :class:`LogRecord` instance at the receiving end.
 
 
-.. function:: basicConfig([**kwargs])
+.. function:: basicConfig(**kwargs)
 
    Does basic configuration for the logging system by creating a
    :class:`StreamHandler` with a default :class:`Formatter` and adding it to the
@@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ instantiated directly, but always through the module-level function
    :const:`NOTSET` is found, and that value is returned.
 
 
-.. method:: Logger.debug(msg[, *args[, **kwargs]])
+.. method:: Logger.debug(msg, *args, **kwargs)
 
    Logs a message with level :const:`DEBUG` on this logger. The *msg* is the
    message format string, and the *args* are the arguments which are merged into
@@ -924,37 +924,37 @@ instantiated directly, but always through the module-level function
    :class:`Formatter`\ s would be used with particular :class:`Handler`\ s.
 
 
-.. method:: Logger.info(msg[, *args[, **kwargs]])
+.. method:: Logger.info(msg, *args, **kwargs)
 
    Logs a message with level :const:`INFO` on this logger. The arguments are
    interpreted as for :meth:`debug`.
 
 
-.. method:: Logger.warning(msg[, *args[, **kwargs]])
+.. method:: Logger.warning(msg, *args, **kwargs)
 
    Logs a message with level :const:`WARNING` on this logger. The arguments are
    interpreted as for :meth:`debug`.
 
 
-.. method:: Logger.error(msg[, *args[, **kwargs]])
+.. method:: Logger.error(msg, *args, **kwargs)
 
    Logs a message with level :const:`ERROR` on this logger. The arguments are
    interpreted as for :meth:`debug`.
 
 
-.. method:: Logger.critical(msg[, *args[, **kwargs]])
+.. method:: Logger.critical(msg, *args, **kwargs)
 
    Logs a message with level :const:`CRITICAL` on this logger. The arguments are
    interpreted as for :meth:`debug`.
 
 
-.. method:: Logger.log(lvl, msg[, *args[, **kwargs]])
+.. method:: Logger.log(lvl, msg, *args, **kwargs)
 
    Logs a message with integer level *lvl* on this logger. The other arguments are
    interpreted as for :meth:`debug`.
 
 
-.. method:: Logger.exception(msg[, *args])
+.. method:: Logger.exception(msg, *args)
 
    Logs a message with level :const:`ERROR` on this logger. The arguments are
    interpreted as for :meth:`debug`. Exception info is added to the logging
@@ -1001,7 +1001,7 @@ instantiated directly, but always through the module-level function
    Logger-level filtering is applied using :meth:`filter`.
 
 
-.. method:: Logger.makeRecord(name, lvl, fn, lno, msg, args, exc_info [, func, extra])
+.. method:: Logger.makeRecord(name, lvl, fn, lno, msg, args, exc_info, func=None, extra=None)
 
    This is a factory method which can be overridden in subclasses to create
    specialized :class:`LogRecord` instances.
@@ -1561,7 +1561,7 @@ file-like object (or, more precisely, any object which supports :meth:`write`
 and :meth:`flush` methods).
 
 
-.. class:: StreamHandler([strm])
+.. class:: StreamHandler(strm=None)
 
    Returns a new instance of the :class:`StreamHandler` class. If *strm* is
    specified, the instance will use it for logging output; otherwise, *sys.stderr*
@@ -1591,7 +1591,7 @@ sends logging output to a disk file.  It inherits the output functionality from
 :class:`StreamHandler`.
 
 
-.. class:: FileHandler(filename[, mode[, encoding[, delay]]])
+.. class:: FileHandler(filename, mode='a', encoding=None, delay=0)
 
    Returns a new instance of the :class:`FileHandler` class. The specified file is
    opened and used as the stream for logging. If *mode* is not specified,
@@ -1678,7 +1678,7 @@ The :class:`RotatingFileHandler` class, located in the :mod:`logging.handlers`
 module, supports rotation of disk log files.
 
 
-.. class:: RotatingFileHandler(filename[, mode[, maxBytes[, backupCount[, encoding[, delay]]]]])
+.. class:: RotatingFileHandler(filename, mode='a', maxBytes=0, backupCount=0, encoding=None, delay=0)
 
    Returns a new instance of the :class:`RotatingFileHandler` class. The specified
    file is opened and used as the stream for logging. If *mode* is not specified,
@@ -1719,7 +1719,7 @@ The :class:`TimedRotatingFileHandler` class, located in the
 timed intervals.
 
 
-.. class:: TimedRotatingFileHandler(filename [,when [,interval [,backupCount[, encoding[, delay[, utc]]]]]])
+.. class:: TimedRotatingFileHandler(filename, when='h', interval=1, backupCount=0, encoding=None, delay=0, utc=False)
 
    Returns a new instance of the :class:`TimedRotatingFileHandler` class. The
    specified file is opened and used as the stream for logging. On rotating it also
@@ -1861,7 +1861,7 @@ The :class:`SysLogHandler` class, located in the :mod:`logging.handlers` module,
 supports sending logging messages to a remote or local Unix syslog.
 
 
-.. class:: SysLogHandler([address[, facility]])
+.. class:: SysLogHandler(address=('localhost', SYSLOG_UDP_PORT), facility=LOG_USER)
 
    Returns a new instance of the :class:`SysLogHandler` class intended to
    communicate with a remote Unix machine whose address is given by *address* in
@@ -1900,7 +1900,7 @@ Windows XP event log. Before you can use it, you need Mark Hammond's Win32
 extensions for Python installed.
 
 
-.. class:: NTEventLogHandler(appname[, dllname[, logtype]])
+.. class:: NTEventLogHandler(appname, dllname=None, logtype='Application')
 
    Returns a new instance of the :class:`NTEventLogHandler` class. The *appname* is
    used to define the application name as it appears in the event log. An
@@ -1964,7 +1964,7 @@ The :class:`SMTPHandler` class, located in the :mod:`logging.handlers` module,
 supports sending logging messages to an email address via SMTP.
 
 
-.. class:: SMTPHandler(mailhost, fromaddr, toaddrs, subject[, credentials])
+.. class:: SMTPHandler(mailhost, fromaddr, toaddrs, subject, credentials=None)
 
    Returns a new instance of the :class:`SMTPHandler` class. The instance is
    initialized with the from and to addresses and subject line of the email. The
@@ -2023,7 +2023,7 @@ should, then :meth:`flush` is expected to do the needful.
       overridden to implement custom flushing strategies.
 
 
-.. class:: MemoryHandler(capacity[, flushLevel [, target]])
+.. class:: MemoryHandler(capacity, flushLevel=ERROR, target=None)
 
    Returns a new instance of the :class:`MemoryHandler` class. The instance is
    initialized with a buffer size of *capacity*. If *flushLevel* is not specified,
@@ -2062,7 +2062,7 @@ supports sending logging messages to a Web server, using either ``GET`` or
 ``POST`` semantics.
 
 
-.. class:: HTTPHandler(host, url[, method])
+.. class:: HTTPHandler(host, url, method='GET')
 
    Returns a new instance of the :class:`HTTPHandler` class. The instance is
    initialized with a host address, url and HTTP method. The *host* can be of the
@@ -2150,13 +2150,13 @@ Currently, the useful mapping keys in a :class:`LogRecord` are:
 +-------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
 
 
-.. class:: Formatter([fmt[, datefmt]])
+.. class:: Formatter(fmt=None, datefmt=None)
 
-   Returns a new instance of the :class:`Formatter` class. The instance is
-   initialized with a format string for the message as a whole, as well as a format
-   string for the date/time portion of a message. If no *fmt* is specified,
-   ``'%(message)s'`` is used. If no *datefmt* is specified, the ISO8601 date format
-   is used.
+   Returns a new instance of the :class:`Formatter` class.  The instance is
+   initialized with a format string for the message as a whole, as well as a
+   format string for the date/time portion of a message.  If no *fmt* is
+   specified, ``'%(message)s'`` is used.  If no *datefmt* is specified, the
+   ISO8601 date format is used.
 
 
    .. method:: format(record)
@@ -2178,7 +2178,7 @@ Currently, the useful mapping keys in a :class:`LogRecord` are:
       recalculates it afresh.
 
 
-   .. method:: formatTime(record[, datefmt])
+   .. method:: formatTime(record, datefmt=None)
 
       This method should be called from :meth:`format` by a formatter which
       wants to make use of a formatted time. This method can be overridden in
@@ -2208,11 +2208,11 @@ example, a filter initialized with "A.B" will allow events logged by loggers
 initialized with the empty string, all events are passed.
 
 
-.. class:: Filter([name])
+.. class:: Filter(name='')
 
    Returns an instance of the :class:`Filter` class. If *name* is specified, it
    names a logger which, together with its children, will have its events allowed
-   through the filter. If no name is specified, allows every event.
+   through the filter. If *name* is the empty string, allows every event.
 
 
    .. method:: filter(record)
@@ -2233,7 +2233,7 @@ such as when the record was created, the source line where the logging call was
 made, and any exception information to be logged.
 
 
-.. class:: LogRecord(name, lvl, pathname, lineno, msg, args, exc_info [, func])
+.. class:: LogRecord(name, lvl, pathname, lineno, msg, args, exc_info, func=None)
 
    Returns an instance of :class:`LogRecord` initialized with interesting
    information. The *name* is the logger name; *lvl* is the numeric level;
@@ -2311,7 +2311,7 @@ in :mod:`logging` itself) and defining handlers which are declared either in
 :mod:`logging` or :mod:`logging.handlers`.
 
 
-.. function:: fileConfig(fname[, defaults])
+.. function:: fileConfig(fname, defaults=None, disable_existing_loggers=True)
 
    Reads the logging configuration from a :mod:`configparser`\-format file named
    *fname*. This function can be called several times from an application,
@@ -2320,8 +2320,11 @@ in :mod:`logging` itself) and defining handlers which are declared either in
    and load the chosen configuration). Defaults to be passed to the ConfigParser
    can be specified in the *defaults* argument.
 
+   If *disable_existing_loggers* is true, any existing loggers that are not
+   children of named loggers will be disabled.
+
 
-.. function:: listen([port])
+.. function:: listen(port=DEFAULT_LOGGING_CONFIG_PORT)
 
    Starts up a socket server on the specified port, and listens for new
    configurations. If no port is specified, the module's default
diff --git a/Doc/library/macpath.rst b/Doc/library/macpath.rst
index a7d82d0..b7a5d89 100644
--- a/Doc/library/macpath.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/macpath.rst
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 :mod:`macpath` --- Mac OS 9 path manipulation functions
 =======================================================
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/mailbox.rst b/Doc/library/mailbox.rst
index 1532c90..840a4fd 100644
--- a/Doc/library/mailbox.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/mailbox.rst
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 :mod:`mailbox` --- Manipulate mailboxes in various formats
 ==========================================================
 
@@ -27,7 +26,6 @@ Maildir, mbox, MH, Babyl, and MMDF.
 :class:`Mailbox` objects
 ------------------------
 
-
 .. class:: Mailbox
 
    A mailbox, which may be inspected and modified.
@@ -154,7 +152,7 @@ Maildir, mbox, MH, Babyl, and MMDF.
       when the :class:`Mailbox` instance was initialized.
 
 
-   .. method:: get(key[, default=None])
+   .. method:: get(key, default=None)
                __getitem__(key)
 
       Return a representation of the message corresponding to *key*. If no such
@@ -209,11 +207,10 @@ Maildir, mbox, MH, Babyl, and MMDF.
       Delete all messages from the mailbox.
 
 
-   .. method:: pop(key[, default])
+   .. method:: pop(key, default=None)
 
       Return a representation of the message corresponding to *key* and delete
-      the message. If no such message exists, return *default* if it was
-      supplied or else raise a :exc:`KeyError` exception. The message is
+      the message. If no such message exists, return *default*. The message is
       represented as an instance of the appropriate format-specific
       :class:`Message` subclass unless a custom message factory was specified
       when the :class:`Mailbox` instance was initialized.
@@ -277,7 +274,7 @@ Maildir, mbox, MH, Babyl, and MMDF.
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 
-.. class:: Maildir(dirname[, factory=None[, create=True]])
+.. class:: Maildir(dirname, factory=None, create=True)
 
    A subclass of :class:`Mailbox` for mailboxes in Maildir format. Parameter
    *factory* is a callable object that accepts a file-like message representation
@@ -419,7 +416,7 @@ Maildir, mbox, MH, Babyl, and MMDF.
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 
-.. class:: mbox(path[, factory=None[, create=True]])
+.. class:: mbox(path, factory=None, create=True)
 
    A subclass of :class:`Mailbox` for mailboxes in mbox format. Parameter *factory*
    is a callable object that accepts a file-like message representation (which
@@ -479,7 +476,7 @@ Maildir, mbox, MH, Babyl, and MMDF.
 ^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 
-.. class:: MH(path[, factory=None[, create=True]])
+.. class:: MH(path, factory=None, create=True)
 
    A subclass of :class:`Mailbox` for mailboxes in MH format. Parameter *factory*
    is a callable object that accepts a file-like message representation (which
@@ -609,7 +606,7 @@ Maildir, mbox, MH, Babyl, and MMDF.
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 
-.. class:: Babyl(path[, factory=None[, create=True]])
+.. class:: Babyl(path, factory=None, create=True)
 
    A subclass of :class:`Mailbox` for mailboxes in Babyl format. Parameter
    *factory* is a callable object that accepts a file-like message representation
@@ -685,7 +682,7 @@ Maildir, mbox, MH, Babyl, and MMDF.
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 
-.. class:: MMDF(path[, factory=None[, create=True]])
+.. class:: MMDF(path, factory=None, create=True)
 
    A subclass of :class:`Mailbox` for mailboxes in MMDF format. Parameter *factory*
    is a callable object that accepts a file-like message representation (which
@@ -737,7 +734,7 @@ Maildir, mbox, MH, Babyl, and MMDF.
 ------------------------
 
 
-.. class:: Message([message])
+.. class:: Message(message=None)
 
    A subclass of the :mod:`email.Message` module's :class:`Message`. Subclasses of
    :class:`mailbox.Message` add mailbox-format-specific state and behavior.
@@ -772,7 +769,7 @@ Maildir, mbox, MH, Babyl, and MMDF.
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 
-.. class:: MaildirMessage([message])
+.. class:: MaildirMessage(message=None)
 
    A message with Maildir-specific behaviors. Parameter *message* has the same
    meaning as with the :class:`Message` constructor.
@@ -940,7 +937,7 @@ When a :class:`MaildirMessage` instance is created based upon a
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 
-.. class:: mboxMessage([message])
+.. class:: mboxMessage(message=None)
 
    A message with mbox-specific behaviors. Parameter *message* has the same meaning
    as with the :class:`Message` constructor.
@@ -983,7 +980,7 @@ When a :class:`MaildirMessage` instance is created based upon a
       are excluded.
 
 
-   .. method:: set_from(from_[, time_=None])
+   .. method:: set_from(from_, time_=None)
 
       Set the "From " line to *from_*, which should be specified without a
       leading "From " or trailing newline. For convenience, *time_* may be
@@ -1094,7 +1091,7 @@ instance, the "From " line is copied and all flags directly correspond:
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 
-.. class:: MHMessage([message])
+.. class:: MHMessage(message=None)
 
    A message with MH-specific behaviors. Parameter *message* has the same meaning
    as with the :class:`Message` constructor.
@@ -1184,7 +1181,7 @@ When an :class:`MHMessage` instance is created based upon a
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 
-.. class:: BabylMessage([message])
+.. class:: BabylMessage(message=None)
 
    A message with Babyl-specific behaviors. Parameter *message* has the same
    meaning as with the :class:`Message` constructor.
@@ -1312,7 +1309,7 @@ When a :class:`BabylMessage` instance is created based upon an
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 
-.. class:: MMDFMessage([message])
+.. class:: MMDFMessage(message=None)
 
    A message with MMDF-specific behaviors. Parameter *message* has the same meaning
    as with the :class:`Message` constructor.
@@ -1354,7 +1351,7 @@ When a :class:`BabylMessage` instance is created based upon an
       are excluded.
 
 
-   .. method:: set_from(from_[, time_=None])
+   .. method:: set_from(from_, time_=None)
 
       Set the "From " line to *from_*, which should be specified without a
       leading "From " or trailing newline. For convenience, *time_* may be
diff --git a/Doc/library/mailcap.rst b/Doc/library/mailcap.rst
index 8dcb1ec..0a0a790 100644
--- a/Doc/library/mailcap.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/mailcap.rst
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
    :synopsis: Mailcap file handling.
 
 
-
 Mailcap files are used to configure how MIME-aware applications such as mail
 readers and Web browsers react to files with different MIME types. (The name
 "mailcap" is derived from the phrase "mail capability".)  For example, a mailcap
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ Mechanism For Multimedia Mail Format Information," but is not an Internet
 standard.  However, mailcap files are supported on most Unix systems.
 
 
-.. function:: findmatch(caps, MIMEtype[, key[, filename[, plist]]])
+.. function:: findmatch(caps, MIMEtype, key='view', filename='/dev/null', plist=[])
 
    Return a 2-tuple; the first element is a string containing the command line to
    be executed (which can be passed to :func:`os.system`), and the second element
diff --git a/Doc/library/markup.rst b/Doc/library/markup.rst
index 2bb20e3..ae97b69 100644
--- a/Doc/library/markup.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/markup.rst
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 .. _markup:
 
 **********************************
diff --git a/Doc/library/marshal.rst b/Doc/library/marshal.rst
index 9a2e95d..7e1daf3 100644
--- a/Doc/library/marshal.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/marshal.rst
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 :mod:`marshal` --- Internal Python object serialization
 =======================================================
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/math.rst b/Doc/library/math.rst
index d44b34d..649487f 100644
--- a/Doc/library/math.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/math.rst
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 :mod:`math` --- Mathematical functions
 ======================================
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/mimetypes.rst b/Doc/library/mimetypes.rst
index cc11dfc..fe1437a 100644
--- a/Doc/library/mimetypes.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/mimetypes.rst
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 :mod:`mimetypes` --- Map filenames to MIME types
 ================================================
 
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ the module has not been initialized, they will call :func:`init` if they rely on
 the information :func:`init` sets up.
 
 
-.. function:: guess_type(filename[, strict])
+.. function:: guess_type(url, strict=True)
 
    .. index:: pair: MIME; headers
 
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ the information :func:`init` sets up.
    are also recognized.
 
 
-.. function:: guess_all_extensions(type[, strict])
+.. function:: guess_all_extensions(type, strict=True)
 
    Guess the extensions for a file based on its MIME type, given by *type*. The
    return value is a list of strings giving all possible filename extensions,
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ the information :func:`init` sets up.
    Optional *strict* has the same meaning as with the :func:`guess_type` function.
 
 
-.. function:: guess_extension(type[, strict])
+.. function:: guess_extension(type, strict=True)
 
    Guess the extension for a file based on its MIME type, given by *type*. The
    return value is a string giving a filename extension, including the leading dot
@@ -73,7 +72,7 @@ Some additional functions and data items are available for controlling the
 behavior of the module.
 
 
-.. function:: init([files])
+.. function:: init(files=None)
 
    Initialize the internal data structures.  If given, *files* must be a sequence
    of file names which should be used to augment the default type map.  If omitted,
@@ -90,7 +89,7 @@ behavior of the module.
    does not exist or cannot be read, ``None`` is returned.
 
 
-.. function:: add_type(type, ext[, strict])
+.. function:: add_type(type, ext, strict=True)
 
    Add a mapping from the mimetype *type* to the extension *ext*. When the
    extension is already known, the new type will replace the old one. When the type
@@ -142,7 +141,7 @@ The :class:`MimeTypes` class may be useful for applications which may want more
 than one MIME-type database:
 
 
-.. class:: MimeTypes([filenames])
+.. class:: MimeTypes(filenames=(), strict=True)
 
    This class represents a MIME-types database.  By default, it provides access to
    the same database as the rest of this module. The initial database is a copy of
@@ -206,13 +205,13 @@ MimeTypes Objects
    module.
 
 
-.. method:: MimeTypes.guess_extension(type[, strict])
+.. method:: MimeTypes.guess_extension(type, strict=True)
 
    Similar to the :func:`guess_extension` function, using the tables stored as part
    of the object.
 
 
-.. method:: MimeTypes.guess_type(url[, strict])
+.. method:: MimeTypes.guess_type(url, strict=True)
 
    Similar to the :func:`guess_type` function, using the tables stored as part of
    the object.
diff --git a/Doc/library/misc.rst b/Doc/library/misc.rst
index ee22561..0943235 100644
--- a/Doc/library/misc.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/misc.rst
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 .. _misc:
 
 **********************
diff --git a/Doc/library/mm.rst b/Doc/library/mm.rst
index a7fbbec..c8f79c4 100644
--- a/Doc/library/mm.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/mm.rst
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 .. _mmedia:
 
 *******************
diff --git a/Doc/library/mmap.rst b/Doc/library/mmap.rst
index c3dba43..403e2f5 100644
--- a/Doc/library/mmap.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/mmap.rst
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 :mod:`mmap` --- Memory-mapped file support
 ==========================================
 
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ memory but does not update the underlying file.
 
 To map anonymous memory, -1 should be passed as the fileno along with the length.
 
-.. class:: mmap(fileno, length[, tagname[, access[, offset]]])
+.. class:: mmap(fileno, length, tagname=None, access=ACCESS_DEFAULT[, offset])
 
    **(Windows version)** Maps *length* bytes from the file specified by the
    file handle *fileno*, and creates a mmap object.  If *length* is larger
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ To map anonymous memory, -1 should be passed as the fileno along with the length
    defaults to 0.  *offset* must be a multiple of the ALLOCATIONGRANULARITY.
 
 
-.. class:: mmap(fileno, length[, flags[, prot[, access[, offset]]]])
+.. class:: mmap(fileno, length, flags=MAP_SHARED, prot=PROT_WRITE|PROT_READ, access=ACCESS_DEFAULT[, offset])
    :noindex:
 
    **(Unix version)** Maps *length* bytes from the file specified by the file
@@ -148,7 +147,7 @@ To map anonymous memory, -1 should be passed as the fileno along with the length
       Returns ``-1`` on failure.
 
 
-   .. method:: flush([offset, size])
+   .. method:: flush([offset[, size]])
 
       Flushes changes made to the in-memory copy of a file back to disk. Without
       use of this call there is no guarantee that changes are written back before
diff --git a/Doc/library/modulefinder.rst b/Doc/library/modulefinder.rst
index e9043d2..6db02ff 100644
--- a/Doc/library/modulefinder.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/modulefinder.rst
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 :mod:`modulefinder` --- Find modules used by a script
 =====================================================
 
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ report of the imported modules will be printed.
    package replaces the :mod:`xml` package.
 
 
-.. class:: ModuleFinder([path=None, debug=0, excludes=[], replace_paths=[]])
+.. class:: ModuleFinder(path=None, debug=0, excludes=[], replace_paths=[])
 
    This class provides :meth:`run_script` and :meth:`report` methods to determine
    the set of modules imported by a script. *path* can be a list of directories to
diff --git a/Doc/library/modules.rst b/Doc/library/modules.rst
index 24307d5..d89ef10 100644
--- a/Doc/library/modules.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/modules.rst
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 .. _modules:
 
 *****************
diff --git a/Doc/library/msilib.rst b/Doc/library/msilib.rst
index d0a53d7..6fb7f05 100644
--- a/Doc/library/msilib.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/msilib.rst
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ Directory Objects
    the default flags that new components get.
 
 
-   .. method:: start_component([component[, feature[, flags[, keyfile[, uuid]]]]])
+   .. method:: start_component(component=None, feature=None, flags=None, keyfile=None, uuid=None)
 
       Add an entry to the Component table, and make this component the current
       component for this directory. If no component name is given, the directory
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ Directory Objects
       is given, the KeyPath is left null in the Component table.
 
 
-   .. method:: add_file(file[, src[, version[, language]]])
+   .. method:: add_file(file, src=None, version=None, language=None)
 
       Add a file to the current component of the directory, starting a new one
       if there is no current component. By default, the file name in the source
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ Directory Objects
       and a *language* can be specified for the entry in the File table.
 
 
-   .. method:: glob(pattern[, exclude])
+   .. method:: glob(pattern, exclude=None)
 
       Add a list of files to the current component as specified in the glob
       pattern.  Individual files can be excluded in the *exclude* list.
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ Features
 --------
 
 
-.. class:: Feature(database, id, title, desc, display[, level=1[, parent[, directory[,  attributes=0]]]])
+.. class:: Feature(db, id, title, desc, display, level=1, parent=None, directory=None,  attributes=0)
 
    Add a new record to the ``Feature`` table, using the values *id*, *parent.id*,
    *title*, *desc*, *display*, *level*, *directory*, and *attributes*. The
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ to create MSI files with a user-interface for installing Python packages.
    belongs to, and *name* is the control's name.
 
 
-   .. method:: event(event, argument[,  condition=1[, ordering]])
+   .. method:: event(event, argument, condition=1, ordering=None)
 
       Make an entry into the ``ControlEvent`` table for this control.
 
@@ -461,10 +461,10 @@ to create MSI files with a user-interface for installing Python packages.
    that gets set when a radio button is selected.
 
 
-   .. method:: add(name, x, y, width, height, text [, value])
+   .. method:: add(name, x, y, width, height, text, value=None)
 
       Add a radio button named *name* to the group, at the coordinates *x*, *y*,
-      *width*, *height*, and with the label *text*. If *value* is omitted, it
+      *width*, *height*, and with the label *text*. If *value* is ``None``, it
       defaults to *name*.
 
 
diff --git a/Doc/library/msvcrt.rst b/Doc/library/msvcrt.rst
index 9be792d..2b31180 100644
--- a/Doc/library/msvcrt.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/msvcrt.rst
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 :mod:`msvcrt` -- Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime
 =========================================================