Merged revisions 64286 via svnmerge from

svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk

................
  r64286 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-06-14 21:31:05 -0500 (Sat, 14 Jun 2008) | 49 lines

  Merged revisions 63661,63666,63695,63711,63729,63769,63790,63880,63886 via svnmerge from
  svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/sandbox/trunk/2to3/lib2to3

  ........
    r63661 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-26 05:26:20 -0500 (Mon, 26 May 2008) | 2 lines

    Add import fixes for dbm package.
  ........
    r63666 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-26 05:49:09 -0500 (Mon, 26 May 2008) | 2 lines

    Add xmlrpc package fixes.
  ........
    r63695 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-26 10:14:33 -0500 (Mon, 26 May 2008) | 2 lines

    Add fixer entries for http package.
  ........
    r63711 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-26 13:43:51 -0500 (Mon, 26 May 2008) | 2 lines

    add import mapping for test.test_support -> test.support
  ........
    r63729 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-26 16:31:03 -0500 (Mon, 26 May 2008) | 2 lines

    mapping for commands module -> subprocess
  ........
    r63769 | brett.cannon | 2008-05-29 00:13:13 -0500 (Thu, 29 May 2008) | 1 line

    Fixer for UserString.UserString over to the collections module.
  ........
    r63790 | brett.cannon | 2008-05-29 14:13:51 -0500 (Thu, 29 May 2008) | 4 lines

    Add a fixer for UserList.

    Closes issue #2878. Thanks to Quentin Gallet-Gilles for the patch.
  ........
    r63880 | collin.winter | 2008-06-01 18:09:38 -0500 (Sun, 01 Jun 2008) | 6 lines

    Move lib2to3/fixes/{basefix,util}.py down to lib2to3/.

    This is step 1 of turning lib2to3/ into a general-purpose refactoring
    library, reusable by other projects.
  ........
    r63886 | collin.winter | 2008-06-01 22:15:01 -0500 (Sun, 01 Jun 2008) | 5 lines

    Allow refactoring tools to specify a directory for fixer modules.

    This is step 2 of turning lib2to3/ into a general-purpose refactoring
    library, reusable by other projects. Step 1: r63880.
  ........
................

46 files changed, 277 insertions, 158 deletions

diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/basefix.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixer_base.py
index 937f8c1..682b215 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/basefix.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixer_base.py
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ except NameError:
     from sets import Set as set
 
 # Local imports
-from ..patcomp import PatternCompiler
-from .. import pygram
-from .util import does_tree_import
+from .patcomp import PatternCompiler
+from . import pygram
+from .fixer_util import does_tree_import
 
 class BaseFix(object):
 
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/util.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixer_util.py
index c977237..4eeb868 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/util.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixer_util.py
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 # Author: Collin Winter
 
 # Local imports
-from ..pgen2 import token
-from ..pytree import Leaf, Node
-from ..pygram import python_symbols as syms
-from .. import patcomp
+from .pgen2 import token
+from .pytree import Leaf, Node
+from .pygram import python_symbols as syms
+from . import patcomp
 
 
 ###########################################################
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ def _is_import_binding(node, name, package=None):
         elif imp.type == token.NAME and imp.value == name:
             return node
     elif node.type == syms.import_from:
-        # unicode(...) is used to make life easier here, because
+        # str(...) is used to make life easier here, because
         # from a.b import parses to ['import', ['a', '.', 'b'], ...]
         if package and str(node.children[1]).strip() != package:
             return None
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_apply.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_apply.py
index f233224..faede68 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_apply.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_apply.py
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ This converts apply(func, v, k) into (func)(*v, **k)."""
 # Local imports
 from .. import pytree
 from ..pgen2 import token
-from . import basefix
-from .util import Call, Comma
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Call, Comma
 
-class FixApply(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixApply(fixer_base.BaseFix):
 
     PATTERN = """
     power< 'apply'
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_basestring.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_basestring.py
index 6d753d8..5d84cc7 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_basestring.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_basestring.py
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 # Author: Christian Heimes
 
 # Local imports
-from . import basefix
-from .util import Name
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Name
 
-class FixBasestring(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixBasestring(fixer_base.BaseFix):
 
     PATTERN = "'basestring'"
 
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_buffer.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_buffer.py
index 13168d6..2f6822b 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_buffer.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_buffer.py
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@
 """Fixer that changes buffer(...) into memoryview(...)."""
 
 # Local imports
-from . import basefix
-from .util import Name
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Name
 
 
-class FixBuffer(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixBuffer(fixer_base.BaseFix):
 
     explicit = True # The user must ask for this fixer
 
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_callable.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_callable.py
index 90b3515..de93792 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_callable.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_callable.py
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ This converts callable(obj) into hasattr(obj, '__call__')."""
 
 # Local imports
 from .. import pytree
-from . import basefix
-from .util import Call, Name, String
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Call, Name, String
 
-class FixCallable(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixCallable(fixer_base.BaseFix):
 
     # Ignore callable(*args) or use of keywords.
     # Either could be a hint that the builtin callable() is not being used.
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_dict.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_dict.py
index c14a819..485a08c 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_dict.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_dict.py
@@ -27,15 +27,15 @@ as an argument to a function that introspects the argument).
 from .. import pytree
 from .. import patcomp
 from ..pgen2 import token
-from . import basefix
-from .util import Name, Call, LParen, RParen, ArgList, Dot, set
-from . import util
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Name, Call, LParen, RParen, ArgList, Dot, set
+from .. import fixer_util
 
 
-iter_exempt = util.consuming_calls | set(["iter"])
+iter_exempt = fixer_util.consuming_calls | set(["iter"])
 
 
-class FixDict(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixDict(fixer_base.BaseFix):
     PATTERN = """
     power< head=any+
          trailer< '.' method=('keys'|'items'|'values'|
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class FixDict(basefix.BaseFix):
                 return results["func"].value in iter_exempt
             else:
                 # list(d.keys()) -> list(d.keys()), etc.
-                return results["func"].value in util.consuming_calls
+                return results["func"].value in fixer_util.consuming_calls
         if not isiter:
             return False
         # for ... in d.iterkeys() -> for ... in d.keys(), etc.
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_except.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_except.py
index 5d6d153..8387913 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_except.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_except.py
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ The following cases will be converted:
 # Local imports
 from .. import pytree
 from ..pgen2 import token
-from . import basefix
-from .util import Assign, Attr, Name, is_tuple, is_list, reversed
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Assign, Attr, Name, is_tuple, is_list, reversed
 
 def find_excepts(nodes):
     for i, n in enumerate(nodes):
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def find_excepts(nodes):
             if n.children[0].value == 'except':
                 yield (n, nodes[i+2])
 
-class FixExcept(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixExcept(fixer_base.BaseFix):
 
     PATTERN = """
     try_stmt< 'try' ':' suite
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_exec.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_exec.py
index 2e45cb6..9b47aec 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_exec.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_exec.py
@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ exec code in ns1, ns2 -> exec(code, ns1, ns2)
 
 # Local imports
 from .. import pytree
-from . import basefix
-from .util import Comma, Name, Call
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Comma, Name, Call
 
 
-class FixExec(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixExec(fixer_base.BaseFix):
 
     PATTERN = """
     exec_stmt< 'exec' a=any 'in' b=any [',' c=any] >
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_execfile.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_execfile.py
index 0e67f09..5854900 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_execfile.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_execfile.py
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ exec() function.
 """
 
 from .. import pytree
-from . import basefix
-from .util import Comma, Name, Call, LParen, RParen, Dot
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Comma, Name, Call, LParen, RParen, Dot
 
 
-class FixExecfile(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixExecfile(fixer_base.BaseFix):
 
     PATTERN = """
     power< 'execfile' trailer< '(' arglist< filename=any [',' globals=any [',' locals=any ] ] > ')' > >
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_filter.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_filter.py
index 08d3495..51fd02a 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_filter.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_filter.py
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ Python 2.6 figure it out.
 
 # Local imports
 from ..pgen2 import token
-from . import basefix
-from .util import Name, Call, ListComp, in_special_context
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Name, Call, ListComp, in_special_context
 
-class FixFilter(basefix.ConditionalFix):
+class FixFilter(fixer_base.ConditionalFix):
 
     PATTERN = """
     filter_lambda=power<
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_funcattrs.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_funcattrs.py
index a9ba125..4234993 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_funcattrs.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_funcattrs.py
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 # Author: Collin Winter
 
 # Local imports
-from . import basefix
-from .util import Name
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Name
 
 
-class FixFuncattrs(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixFuncattrs(fixer_base.BaseFix):
     PATTERN = """
     power< any+ trailer< '.' attr=('func_closure' | 'func_doc' | 'func_globals'
                                   | 'func_name' | 'func_defaults' | 'func_code'
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_future.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_future.py
index 62ba6f6..a032e88 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_future.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_future.py
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ from __future__ import foo is replaced with an empty line.
 # Author: Christian Heimes
 
 # Local imports
-from . import basefix
-from .util import BlankLine
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import BlankLine
 
-class FixFuture(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixFuture(fixer_base.BaseFix):
     PATTERN = """import_from< 'from' module_name="__future__" 'import' any >"""
 
     # This should be run last -- some things check for the import
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_has_key.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_has_key.py
index 77684fb..fb7b07b 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_has_key.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_has_key.py
@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ CAVEATS:
 # Local imports
 from .. import pytree
 from ..pgen2 import token
-from . import basefix
-from .util import Name
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Name
 
 
-class FixHasKey(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixHasKey(fixer_base.BaseFix):
 
     PATTERN = """
     anchor=power<
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_idioms.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_idioms.py
index 2ca2a83..8bc6397 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_idioms.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_idioms.py
@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ into
 # Author: Jacques Frechet, Collin Winter
 
 # Local imports
-from . import basefix
-from .util import Call, Comma, Name, Node, syms
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Call, Comma, Name, Node, syms
 
 CMP = "(n='!=' | '==' | 'is' | n=comp_op< 'is' 'not' >)"
 TYPE = "power< 'type' trailer< '(' x=any ')' > >"
 
-class FixIdioms(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixIdioms(fixer_base.BaseFix):
 
     explicit = True # The user must ask for this fixer
 
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_import.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_import.py
index c188fce..64397e4 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_import.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_import.py
@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ Becomes:
 """
 
 # Local imports
-from . import basefix
+from .. import fixer_base
 from os.path import dirname, join, exists, pathsep
-from .util import FromImport
+from ..fixer_util import FromImport
 
-class FixImport(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixImport(fixer_base.BaseFix):
 
     PATTERN = """
     import_from< type='from' imp=any 'import' any >
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_imports.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_imports.py
index 11512e1..03a27bc 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_imports.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_imports.py
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ Fixes:
 # Author: Collin Winter
 
 # Local imports
-from . import basefix
-from .util import Name, attr_chain, any, set
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Name, attr_chain, any, set
 import builtins
 builtin_names = [name for name in dir(builtins)
                  if name not in ("__name__", "__doc__")]
@@ -150,6 +150,123 @@ MAPPING = {"StringIO":  ("io", ["StringIO"]),
                        'error', 'exit', 'exit_thread', 'get_ident',
                        'interrupt_main', 'stack_size', 'start_new',
                        'start_new_thread']),
+           'whichdb': ('dbm', ['whichdb']),
+           'anydbm': ('dbm', ['error', 'open']),
+           'dbhash': ('dbm.bsd', ['error', 'open']),
+           'dumbdbm': ('dbm.dumb', ['error', 'open', '_Database']),
+           'dbm': ('dbm.ndbm', ['error', 'open', 'library']),
+           'gdbm': ('dbm.gnu', ['error', 'open', 'open_flags']),
+           'xmlrpclib': ('xmlrpc.client',
+                         ['Error', 'ProtocolError', 'ResponseError', 'Fault',
+                          'ServerProxy', 'Boolean', 'DateTime', 'Binary',
+                          'ExpatParser', 'FastMarshaller', 'FastParser',
+                          'FastUnmarshaller', 'MultiCall', 'MultiCallIterator',
+                          'SlowParser', 'Marshaller', 'Unmarshaller', 'Server',
+                          'Transport', 'SafeTransport', 'SgmlopParser',
+                          'boolean', 'getparser', 'dumps', 'loads', 'escape',
+                          'PARSE_ERROR', 'SERVER_ERROR', 'WRAPPERS',
+                          'APPLICATION_ERROR', 'SYSTEM_ERROR',
+                          'TRANSPORT_ERROR', 'NOT_WELLFORMED_ERROR',
+                          'UNSUPPORTED_ENCODING', 'INVALID_ENCODING_CHAR',
+                          'INVALID_XMLRPC', 'METHOD_NOT_FOUND',
+                          'INVALID_METHOD_PARAMS', 'INTERNAL_ERROR',
+                          'MININT', 'MAXINT']),
+           'DocXMLRPCServer': ('xmlrpc.server',
+                               ['CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler',
+                               'DocCGIXMLRPCRequestHandler',
+                               'DocXMLRPCRequestHandler', 'DocXMLRPCServer',
+                               'ServerHTMLDoc', 'SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler',
+                               'SimpleXMLRPCServer', 'XMLRPCDocGenerator',
+                               'resolve_dotted_attribute']),
+           'SimpleXMLRPCServer': ('xmlrpc.server',
+                                  ['CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler',
+                                   'Fault', 'SimpleXMLRPCDispatcher',
+                                   'SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler',
+                                   'SimpleXMLRPCServer', 'SocketServer',
+                                   'list_public_methods',
+                                   'remove_duplicates',
+                                   'resolve_dotted_attribute']),
+           'httplib': ('http.client',
+                       ['ACCEPTED', 'BAD_GATEWAY', 'BAD_REQUEST',
+                        'BadStatusLine', 'CONFLICT', 'CONTINUE', 'CREATED',
+                        'CannotSendHeader', 'CannotSendRequest',
+                        'EXPECTATION_FAILED', 'FAILED_DEPENDENCY', 'FORBIDDEN',
+                        'FOUND', 'FakeSocket', 'GATEWAY_TIMEOUT', 'GONE',
+                        'HTTP', 'HTTPConnection', 'HTTPException',
+                        'HTTPMessage', 'HTTPResponse', 'HTTPS',
+                        'HTTPSConnection', 'HTTPS_PORT', 'HTTP_PORT',
+                        'HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED', 'IM_USED',
+                        'INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE', 'INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR',
+                        'ImproperConnectionState', 'IncompleteRead',
+                        'InvalidURL', 'LENGTH_REQUIRED', 'LOCKED',
+                        'LineAndFileWrapper', 'MAXAMOUNT', 'METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED',
+                        'MOVED_PERMANENTLY', 'MULTIPLE_CHOICES', 'MULTI_STATUS',
+                        'NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION', 'NOT_ACCEPTABLE',
+                        'NOT_EXTENDED', 'NOT_FOUND', 'NOT_IMPLEMENTED',
+                        'NOT_MODIFIED', 'NO_CONTENT', 'NotConnected', 'OK',
+                        'PARTIAL_CONTENT', 'PAYMENT_REQUIRED',
+                        'PRECONDITION_FAILED', 'PROCESSING',
+                        'PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED',
+                        'REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE',
+                        'REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE', 'REQUEST_TIMEOUT',
+                        'REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG', 'RESET_CONTENT',
+                        'ResponseNotReady', 'SEE_OTHER', 'SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE',
+                        'SSLFile', 'SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS', 'SharedSocket',
+                        'SharedSocketClient', 'StringIO', 'TEMPORARY_REDIRECT',
+                        'UNAUTHORIZED', 'UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY',
+                        'UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE', 'UPGRADE_REQUIRED',
+                        'USE_PROXY', 'UnimplementedFileMode', 'UnknownProtocol',
+                        'UnknownTransferEncoding', 'error', 'responses']),
+           'Cookie': ('http.cookies',
+                      ['BaseCookie', 'Cookie', 'CookieError', 'Morsel',
+                       'SerialCookie', 'SimpleCookie', 'SmartCookie']),
+           'cookielib': ('http.cookiejar',
+                         ['Absent', 'Cookie', 'CookieJar', 'CookiePolicy',
+                          'DAYS', 'DEFAULT_HTTP_PORT', 'DefaultCookiePolicy',
+                          'EPOCH_YEAR', 'ESCAPED_CHAR_RE', 'FileCookieJar',
+                          'HEADER_ESCAPE_RE', 'HEADER_JOIN_ESCAPE_RE',
+                          'HEADER_QUOTED_VALUE_RE', 'HEADER_TOKEN_RE',
+                          'HEADER_VALUE_RE', 'HTTP_PATH_SAFE', 'IPV4_RE',
+                          'ISO_DATE_RE', 'LOOSE_HTTP_DATE_RE', 'LWPCookieJar',
+                          'LoadError', 'MISSING_FILENAME_TEXT', 'MONTHS',
+                          'MONTHS_LOWER', 'MozillaCookieJar', 'STRICT_DATE_RE',
+                          'TIMEZONE_RE', 'UTC_ZONES', 'WEEKDAY_RE',
+                          'cut_port_re', 'deepvalues', 'domain_match',
+                          'eff_request_host', 'escape_path', 'http2time',
+                          'is_HDN', 'is_third_party', 'iso2time',
+                          'join_header_words', 'liberal_is_HDN', 'logger',
+                          'lwp_cookie_str', 'month', 'offset_from_tz_string',
+                          'parse_ns_headers', 'reach', 'request_host',
+                          'request_path', 'request_port', 'split_header_words',
+                          'time', 'time2isoz', 'time2netscape', 'unmatched',
+                          'uppercase_escaped_char', 'urllib',
+                          'user_domain_match', 'vals_sorted_by_key']),
+           'BaseHTTPServer': ('http.server',
+                              ['BaseHTTPRequestHandler',
+                               'DEFAULT_ERROR_MESSAGE', 'HTTPServer']),
+           'SimpleHTTPServer': ('http.server', ['SimpleHTTPRequestHandler']),
+           'CGIHTTPServer': ('http.server',
+                             ['CGIHTTPRequestHandler', 'executable',
+                              'nobody_uid', 'nobody']),
+           'test.test_support': ('test.support',
+                          ["Error", "TestFailed", "TestSkipped", "ResourceDenied",
+                          "import_module", "verbose", "use_resources",
+                          "max_memuse", "record_original_stdout",
+                          "get_original_stdout", "unload", "unlink", "rmtree",
+                          "forget", "is_resource_enabled", "requires",
+                          "find_unused_port", "bind_port",
+                          "fcmp", "is_jython", "TESTFN", "HOST",
+                          "FUZZ", "findfile", "verify", "vereq", "sortdict",
+                          "check_syntax_error", "open_urlresource", "WarningMessage",
+                          "catch_warning", "CleanImport", "EnvironmentVarGuard",
+                          "TransientResource", "captured_output", "captured_stdout",
+                          "TransientResource", "transient_internet", "run_with_locale",
+                          "set_memlimit", "bigmemtest", "bigaddrspacetest",
+                          "BasicTestRunner", "run_unittest", "run_doctest",
+                          "threading_setup", "threading_cleanup", "reap_children"]),
+           'commands': ('subprocess', ['getstatusoutput', 'getoutput']),
+           'UserString' : ('collections', ['UserString']),
+           'UserList' : ('collections', ['UserList']),
 }
 
 
@@ -180,7 +297,7 @@ def build_pattern():
     yield """bare_name=%s""" % alternates(bare)
 
 
-class FixImports(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixImports(fixer_base.BaseFix):
     PATTERN = "|".join(build_pattern())
 
     order = "pre" # Pre-order tree traversal
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_input.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_input.py
index 5b88f3a..e0264cf 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_input.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_input.py
@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@
 # Author: Andre Roberge
 
 # Local imports
-from . import basefix
-from .util import Call, Name
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Call, Name
 from .. import patcomp
 
 
 context = patcomp.compile_pattern("power< 'eval' trailer< '(' any ')' > >")
 
 
-class FixInput(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixInput(fixer_base.BaseFix):
 
     PATTERN = """
               power< 'input' args=trailer< '(' [any] ')' > >
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_intern.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_intern.py
index 6d33f8c..921ba59 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_intern.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_intern.py
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ intern(s) -> sys.intern(s)"""
 
 # Local imports
 from .. import pytree
-from . import basefix
-from .util import Name, Attr
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Name, Attr
 
 
-class FixIntern(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixIntern(fixer_base.BaseFix):
 
     PATTERN = """
     power< 'intern'
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_itertools.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_itertools.py
index ba10f26..86d6b46 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_itertools.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_itertools.py
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@
     """
 
 # Local imports
-from . import basefix
-from .util import Name
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Name
 
-class FixItertools(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixItertools(fixer_base.BaseFix):
     it_funcs = "('imap'|'ifilter'|'izip'|'ifilterfalse')"
     PATTERN = """
               power< it='itertools'
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_itertools_imports.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_itertools_imports.py
index e60ec20..ede8ad9 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_itertools_imports.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_itertools_imports.py
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 """ Fixer for imports of itertools.(imap|ifilter|izip|ifilterfalse) """
 
 # Local imports
-from . import basefix
-from .util import BlankLine
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import BlankLine
 
-class FixItertoolsImports(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixItertoolsImports(fixer_base.BaseFix):
     PATTERN = """
               import_from< 'from' 'itertools' 'import' imports=any >
               """ %(locals())
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_long.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_long.py
index 1987e96..f67f026 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_long.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_long.py
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ This also strips the trailing 'L' or 'l' from long loterals.
 
 # Local imports
 from .. import pytree
-from . import basefix
-from .util import Name, Number
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Name, Number
 
 
-class FixLong(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixLong(fixer_base.BaseFix):
 
     PATTERN = """
     (long_type = 'long' | number = NUMBER)
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_map.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_map.py
index 7b57c50..29578e2 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_map.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_map.py
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ soon as the shortest argument is exhausted.
 
 # Local imports
 from ..pgen2 import token
-from . import basefix
-from .util import Name, Call, ListComp, in_special_context
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Name, Call, ListComp, in_special_context
 from ..pygram import python_symbols as syms
 
-class FixMap(basefix.ConditionalFix):
+class FixMap(fixer_base.ConditionalFix):
 
     PATTERN = """
     map_none=power<
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_methodattrs.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_methodattrs.py
index 3d0d7d7..ae4096c 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_methodattrs.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_methodattrs.py
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 # Author: Christian Heimes
 
 # Local imports
-from . import basefix
-from .util import Name
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Name
 
 MAP = {
     "im_func" : "__func__",
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ MAP = {
     "im_class" : "__self__.__class__"
     }
 
-class FixMethodattrs(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixMethodattrs(fixer_base.BaseFix):
     PATTERN = """
     power< any+ trailer< '.' attr=('im_func' | 'im_self' | 'im_class') > any* >
     """
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_ne.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_ne.py
index f83ca43..382f43d 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_ne.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_ne.py
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
 # Local imports
 from .. import pytree
 from ..pgen2 import token
-from . import basefix
+from .. import fixer_base
 
 
-class FixNe(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixNe(fixer_base.BaseFix):
     # This is so simple that we don't need the pattern compiler.
 
     def match(self, node):
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_next.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_next.py
index 6b54376..9791333 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_next.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_next.py
@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@
 # Local imports
 from ..pgen2 import token
 from ..pygram import python_symbols as syms
-from . import basefix
-from .util import Name, Call, find_binding, any
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Name, Call, find_binding, any
 
 bind_warning = "Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed by global binding"
 
 
-class FixNext(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixNext(fixer_base.BaseFix):
     PATTERN = """
     power< base=any+ trailer< '.' attr='next' > trailer< '(' ')' > >
     |
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_nonzero.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_nonzero.py
index 4cf6875..abb1f4e 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_nonzero.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_nonzero.py
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 # Author: Collin Winter
 
 # Local imports
-from .import basefix
-from .util import Name, syms
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Name, syms
 
-class FixNonzero(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixNonzero(fixer_base.BaseFix):
     PATTERN = """
     classdef< 'class' any+ ':'
               suite< any*
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_numliterals.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_numliterals.py
index f88be60..682aac5 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_numliterals.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_numliterals.py
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
 
 # Local imports
 from ..pgen2 import token
-from .import basefix
-from .util import Number, set
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Number, set
 
 
-class FixNumliterals(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixNumliterals(fixer_base.BaseFix):
     # This is so simple that we don't need the pattern compiler.
 
     def match(self, node):
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_print.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_print.py
index ae91a8d..6d01dfd 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_print.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_print.py
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ No changes are applied if print_function is imported from __future__
 from .. import patcomp
 from .. import pytree
 from ..pgen2 import token
-from .import basefix
-from .util import Name, Call, Comma, String, is_tuple
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Name, Call, Comma, String, is_tuple
 
 
 parend_expr = patcomp.compile_pattern(
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ parend_expr = patcomp.compile_pattern(
               )
 
 
-class FixPrint(basefix.ConditionalFix):
+class FixPrint(fixer_base.ConditionalFix):
 
     PATTERN = """
               simple_stmt< bare='print' any > | print_stmt
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_raise.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_raise.py
index dcf4278..be785f5 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_raise.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_raise.py
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ CAVEATS:
 # Local imports
 from .. import pytree
 from ..pgen2 import token
-from .import basefix
-from .util import Name, Call, Attr, ArgList, is_tuple
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Name, Call, Attr, ArgList, is_tuple
 
-class FixRaise(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixRaise(fixer_base.BaseFix):
 
     PATTERN = """
     raise_stmt< 'raise' exc=any [',' val=any [',' tb=any]] >
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_raw_input.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_raw_input.py
index e746255..d9130d0 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_raw_input.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_raw_input.py
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 # Author: Andre Roberge
 
 # Local imports
-from .import basefix
-from .util import Name
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Name
 
-class FixRawInput(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixRawInput(fixer_base.BaseFix):
 
     PATTERN = """
               power< name='raw_input' trailer< '(' [any] ')' > >
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_renames.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_renames.py
index 0b2bbf5..181c625 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_renames.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_renames.py
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ Fixes:
 # based on Collin Winter's fix_import
 
 # Local imports
-from .import basefix
-from .util import Name, attr_chain, any, set
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Name, attr_chain, any, set
 
 MAPPING = {"sys":  {"maxint" : "maxsize"},
           }
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def build_pattern():
     #yield """bare_name=%s""" % alternates(bare)
 
 
-class FixRenames(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixRenames(fixer_base.BaseFix):
     PATTERN = "|".join(build_pattern())
 
     order = "pre" # Pre-order tree traversal
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_repr.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_repr.py
index 62491df..99e7722 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_repr.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_repr.py
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@
 """Fixer that transforms `xyzzy` into repr(xyzzy)."""
 
 # Local imports
-from .import basefix
-from .util import Call, Name
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Call, Name
 
 
-class FixRepr(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixRepr(fixer_base.BaseFix):
 
     PATTERN = """
               atom < '`' expr=any '`' >
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_standarderror.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_standarderror.py
index 61789d0..4f87014 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_standarderror.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_standarderror.py
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@
 """Fixer for StandardError -> Exception."""
 
 # Local imports
-from .import basefix
-from .util import Name
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Name
 
 
-class FixStandarderror(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixStandarderror(fixer_base.BaseFix):
 
     PATTERN = """
               'StandardError'
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_throw.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_throw.py
index ef120bd..bf86d84 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_throw.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_throw.py
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ g.throw("foo"[, V[, T]]) will warn about string exceptions."""
 # Local imports
 from .. import pytree
 from ..pgen2 import token
-from .import basefix
-from .util import Name, Call, ArgList, Attr, is_tuple
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Name, Call, ArgList, Attr, is_tuple
 
-class FixThrow(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixThrow(fixer_base.BaseFix):
 
     PATTERN = """
     power< any trailer< '.' 'throw' >
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_tuple_params.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_tuple_params.py
index 5542ff5..fb29f5c 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_tuple_params.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_tuple_params.py
@@ -21,14 +21,14 @@ It will also support lambdas:
 # Local imports
 from .. import pytree
 from ..pgen2 import token
-from .import basefix
-from .util import Assign, Name, Newline, Number, Subscript, syms
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Assign, Name, Newline, Number, Subscript, syms
 
 def is_docstring(stmt):
     return isinstance(stmt, pytree.Node) and \
            stmt.children[0].type == token.STRING
 
-class FixTupleParams(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixTupleParams(fixer_base.BaseFix):
     PATTERN = """
               funcdef< 'def' any parameters< '(' args=any ')' >
                        ['->' any] ':' suite=any+ >
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_types.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_types.py
index fe7880a..445f1b2 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_types.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_types.py
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ There should be another fixer that handles at least the following constants:
 
 # Local imports
 from ..pgen2 import token
-from .import basefix
-from .util import Name
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Name
 
 _TYPE_MAPPING = {
         'BooleanType' : 'bool',
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ _TYPE_MAPPING = {
 
 _pats = ["power< 'types' trailer< '.' name='%s' > >" % t for t in _TYPE_MAPPING]
 
-class FixTypes(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixTypes(fixer_base.BaseFix):
 
     PATTERN = '|'.join(_pats)
 
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_unicode.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_unicode.py
index d7ad3b8..7f5cc80 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_unicode.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_unicode.py
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
 
 import re
 from ..pgen2 import token
-from .import basefix
+from .. import fixer_base
 
-class FixUnicode(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixUnicode(fixer_base.BaseFix):
 
     PATTERN = "STRING | NAME<'unicode' | 'unichr'>"
 
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_ws_comma.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_ws_comma.py
index 53e0008..e493498 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_ws_comma.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_ws_comma.py
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ uses of colons.  It does not touch other uses of whitespace.
 
 from .. import pytree
 from ..pgen2 import token
-from .import basefix
+from .. import fixer_base
 
-class FixWsComma(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixWsComma(fixer_base.BaseFix):
 
     explicit = True # The user must ask for this fixers
 
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_xrange.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_xrange.py
index 2e4040e..85efcd0 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_xrange.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_xrange.py
@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@
 """Fixer that changes xrange(...) into range(...)."""
 
 # Local imports
-from .import basefix
-from .util import Name, Call, consuming_calls
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Name, Call, consuming_calls
 from .. import patcomp
 
 
-class FixXrange(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixXrange(fixer_base.BaseFix):
 
     PATTERN = """
               power< (name='range'|name='xrange') trailer< '(' [any] ')' > any* >
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_xreadlines.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_xreadlines.py
index 8857759..2d3f3c8 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_xreadlines.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_xreadlines.py
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ This fixer will also convert g(f.xreadlines) into g(f.__iter__)."""
 # Author: Collin Winter
 
 # Local imports
-from .import basefix
-from .util import Name
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Name
 
 
-class FixXreadlines(basefix.BaseFix):
+class FixXreadlines(fixer_base.BaseFix):
     PATTERN = """
     power< call=any+ trailer< '.' 'xreadlines' > trailer< '(' ')' > >
     |
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_zip.py b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_zip.py
index e319b54..08296c0 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_zip.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_zip.py
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ iter(<>), list(<>), tuple(<>), sorted(<>), ...join(<>), or for V in <>:.
 """
 
 # Local imports
-from . import basefix
-from .util import Name, Call, in_special_context
+from .. import fixer_base
+from ..fixer_util import Name, Call, in_special_context
 
-class FixZip(basefix.ConditionalFix):
+class FixZip(fixer_base.ConditionalFix):
 
     PATTERN = """
     power< 'zip' args=trailer< '(' [any] ')' >
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/refactor.py b/Lib/lib2to3/refactor.py
index ae9d7d0..1b8a811 100755
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/refactor.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/refactor.py
@@ -30,11 +30,13 @@ from . import patcomp
 from . import fixes
 from . import pygram
 
-def main(args=None):
+def main(fixer_dir, args=None):
     """Main program.
 
-    Call without arguments to use sys.argv[1:] as the arguments; or
-    call with a list of arguments (excluding sys.argv[0]).
+    Args:
+        fixer_dir: directory where fixer modules are located.
+        args: optional; a list of command line arguments. If omitted,
+              sys.argv[1:] is used.
 
     Returns a suggested exit status (0, 1, 2).
     """
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ def main(args=None):
     options, args = parser.parse_args(args)
     if options.list_fixes:
         print("Available transformations for the -f/--fix option:")
-        for fixname in get_all_fix_names():
+        for fixname in get_all_fix_names(fixer_dir):
             print(fixname)
         if not args:
             return 0
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ def main(args=None):
         logging.basicConfig(format='%(name)s: %(message)s', level=logging.INFO)
 
     # Initialize the refactoring tool
-    rt = RefactoringTool(options)
+    rt = RefactoringTool(fixer_dir, options)
 
     # Refactor all files and directories passed as arguments
     if not rt.errors:
@@ -87,10 +89,10 @@ def main(args=None):
     return int(bool(rt.errors))
 
 
-def get_all_fix_names():
+def get_all_fix_names(fixer_dir):
     """Return a sorted list of all available fix names."""
     fix_names = []
-    names = os.listdir(os.path.dirname(fixes.__file__))
+    names = os.listdir(fixer_dir)
     names.sort()
     for name in names:
         if name.startswith("fix_") and name.endswith(".py"):
@@ -138,11 +140,14 @@ def get_headnode_dict(fixer_list):
 
 class RefactoringTool(object):
 
-    def __init__(self, options):
+    def __init__(self, fixer_dir, options):
         """Initializer.
 
-        The argument is an optparse.Values instance.
+        Args:
+            fixer_dir: directory in which to find fixer modules.
+            options: an optparse.Values instance.
         """
+        self.fixer_dir = fixer_dir
         self.options = options
         self.errors = []
         self.logger = logging.getLogger("RefactoringTool")
@@ -167,14 +172,15 @@ class RefactoringTool(object):
           want a pre-order AST traversal, and post_order is the list that want
           post-order traversal.
         """
+        fixer_pkg = ".".join(self.fixer_dir.split(os.path.sep))
         pre_order_fixers = []
         post_order_fixers = []
         fix_names = self.options.fix
         if not fix_names or "all" in fix_names:
-            fix_names = get_all_fix_names()
+            fix_names = get_all_fix_names(self.fixer_dir)
         for fix_name in fix_names:
             try:
-                mod = __import__("lib2to3.fixes.fix_" + fix_name, {}, {}, ["*"])
+                mod = __import__(fixer_pkg + ".fix_" + fix_name, {}, {}, ["*"])
             except ImportError:
                 self.log_error("Can't find transformation %s", fix_name)
                 continue
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/tests/test_all_fixers.py b/Lib/lib2to3/tests/test_all_fixers.py
index 5f4a9fc..c36f61d 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/tests/test_all_fixers.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/tests/test_all_fixers.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class Test_all(support.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         options = Options(fix=["all", "idioms", "ws_comma", "buffer"],
                           print_function=False)
-        self.refactor = refactor.RefactoringTool(options)
+        self.refactor = refactor.RefactoringTool("lib2to3/fixes", options)
 
     def test_all_project_files(self):
         for filepath in support.all_project_files():
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/tests/test_fixers.py b/Lib/lib2to3/tests/test_fixers.py
index d1a231d..d1d2509 100755
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/tests/test_fixers.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/tests/test_fixers.py
@@ -10,13 +10,14 @@ except ImportError:
 
 # Python imports
 import unittest
+from itertools import chain
 from os.path import dirname, pathsep
 
 # Local imports
 from .. import pygram
 from .. import pytree
 from .. import refactor
-from ..fixes import util
+from .. import fixer_util
 
 
 class Options:
@@ -29,11 +30,10 @@ class Options:
 class FixerTestCase(support.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         options = Options(fix=[self.fixer], print_function=False)
-        self.refactor = refactor.RefactoringTool(options)
+        self.refactor = refactor.RefactoringTool("lib2to3/fixes", options)
         self.fixer_log = []
         self.filename = "<string>"
 
-        from itertools import chain
         for order in (self.refactor.pre_order.values(),\
                       self.refactor.post_order.values()):
             for fixer in chain(*order):
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class FixerTestCase(support.TestCase):
         fix = [self.fixer]
         fix.extend(names)
         options = Options(fix=fix, print_function=False)
-        r = refactor.RefactoringTool(options)
+        r = refactor.RefactoringTool("lib2to3/fixes", options)
         (pre, post) = r.get_fixers()
         n = "fix_" + self.fixer
         if post and post[-1].__class__.__module__.endswith(n):
@@ -1109,7 +1109,7 @@ class Test_dict(FixerTestCase):
         self.check(b, a)
 
     def test_unchanged(self):
-        for wrapper in util.consuming_calls:
+        for wrapper in fixer_util.consuming_calls:
             s = "s = %s(d.keys())" % wrapper
             self.unchanged(s)
 
@@ -1302,7 +1302,7 @@ class Test_xrange(FixerTestCase):
         self.unchanged("x in range(10, 3, 9)")
 
     def test_in_consuming_context(self):
-        for call in util.consuming_calls:
+        for call in fixer_util.consuming_calls:
             self.unchanged("a = %s(range(10))" % call)
 
 class Test_raw_input(FixerTestCase):
diff --git a/Lib/lib2to3/tests/test_util.py b/Lib/lib2to3/tests/test_util.py
index 2c22378..5d02150 100644
--- a/Lib/lib2to3/tests/test_util.py
+++ b/Lib/lib2to3/tests/test_util.py
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ import os.path
 
 # Local imports
 from .. import pytree
-from ..fixes import util
+from .. import fixer_util
+from ..fixer_util import Attr, Name
 
 
 def parse(code, strip_levels=0):
@@ -25,13 +26,13 @@ def parse(code, strip_levels=0):
 class MacroTestCase(support.TestCase):
     def assertStr(self, node, string):
         if isinstance(node, (tuple, list)):
-            node = pytree.Node(util.syms.simple_stmt, node)
+            node = pytree.Node(fixer_util.syms.simple_stmt, node)
         self.assertEqual(str(node), string)
 
 
 class Test_is_tuple(support.TestCase):
     def is_tuple(self, string):
-        return util.is_tuple(parse(string, strip_levels=2))
+        return fixer_util.is_tuple(parse(string, strip_levels=2))
 
     def test_valid(self):
         self.failUnless(self.is_tuple("(a, b)"))
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ class Test_is_tuple(support.TestCase):
 
 class Test_is_list(support.TestCase):
     def is_list(self, string):
-        return util.is_list(parse(string, strip_levels=2))
+        return fixer_util.is_list(parse(string, strip_levels=2))
 
     def test_valid(self):
         self.failUnless(self.is_list("[]"))
@@ -62,23 +63,18 @@ class Test_is_list(support.TestCase):
 
 class Test_Attr(MacroTestCase):
     def test(self):
-        from ..fixes.util import Attr, Name
         call = parse("foo()", strip_levels=2)
 
         self.assertStr(Attr(Name("a"), Name("b")), "a.b")
         self.assertStr(Attr(call, Name("b")), "foo().b")
 
     def test_returns(self):
-        from ..fixes.util import Attr, Name
-
         attr = Attr(Name("a"), Name("b"))
         self.assertEqual(type(attr), list)
 
 
 class Test_Name(MacroTestCase):
     def test(self):
-        from ..fixes.util import Name
-
         self.assertStr(Name("a"), "a")
         self.assertStr(Name("foo.foo().bar"), "foo.foo().bar")
         self.assertStr(Name("a", prefix="b"), "ba")
@@ -88,7 +84,7 @@ class Test_does_tree_import(support.TestCase):
     def _find_bind_rec(self, name, node):
         # Search a tree for a binding -- used to find the starting
         # point for these tests.
-        c = util.find_binding(name, node)
+        c = fixer_util.find_binding(name, node)
         if c: return c
         for child in node.children:
             c = self._find_bind_rec(name, child)
@@ -98,7 +94,7 @@ class Test_does_tree_import(support.TestCase):
         node = parse(string)
         # Find the binding of start -- that's what we'll go from
         node = self._find_bind_rec('start', node)
-        return util.does_tree_import(package, name, node)
+        return fixer_util.does_tree_import(package, name, node)
 
     def try_with(self, string):
         failing_tests = (("a", "a", "from a import b"),
@@ -130,7 +126,7 @@ class Test_does_tree_import(support.TestCase):
 
 class Test_find_binding(support.TestCase):
     def find_binding(self, name, string, package=None):
-        return util.find_binding(name, parse(string), package)
+        return fixer_util.find_binding(name, parse(string), package)
 
     def test_simple_assignment(self):
         self.failUnless(self.find_binding("a", "a = b"))