Make a new urllib package .

It consists of code from urllib, urllib2, urlparse, and robotparser.
The old modules have all been removed.  The new package has five
submodules: urllib.parse, urllib.request, urllib.response,
urllib.error, and urllib.robotparser.  The urllib.request.urlopen()
function uses the url opener from urllib2.

Note that the unittests have not been renamed for the
beta, but they will be renamed in the future.

Joint work with Senthil Kumaran.

1 files changed, 0 insertions, 1714 deletions

diff --git a/Lib/urllib.py b/Lib/urllib.py
deleted file mode 100644
index d60ac5c..0000000
--- a/Lib/urllib.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1714 +0,0 @@
-"""Open an arbitrary URL.
-
-See the following document for more info on URLs:
-"Names and Addresses, URIs, URLs, URNs, URCs", at
-http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/Addressing/Overview.html
-
-See also the HTTP spec (from which the error codes are derived):
-"HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol", at
-http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/Protocols/
-
-Related standards and specs:
-- RFC1808: the "relative URL" spec. (authoritative status)
-- RFC1738 - the "URL standard". (authoritative status)
-- RFC1630 - the "URI spec". (informational status)
-
-The object returned by URLopener().open(file) will differ per
-protocol.  All you know is that is has methods read(), readline(),
-readlines(), fileno(), close() and info().  The read*(), fileno()
-and close() methods work like those of open files.
-The info() method returns a email.message.Message object which can be
-used to query various info about the object, if available.
-(email.message.Message objects provide a dict-like interface.)
-"""
-
-import http.client
-import email.message
-import email
-import os
-import socket
-import sys
-import time
-from urlparse import urljoin as basejoin
-
-__all__ = ["urlopen", "URLopener", "FancyURLopener", "urlretrieve",
-           "urlcleanup", "quote", "quote_plus", "unquote", "unquote_plus",
-           "urlencode", "url2pathname", "pathname2url", "splittag",
-           "localhost", "thishost", "ftperrors", "basejoin", "unwrap",
-           "splittype", "splithost", "splituser", "splitpasswd", "splitport",
-           "splitnport", "splitquery", "splitattr", "splitvalue",
-           "getproxies"]
-
-__version__ = '1.17'    # XXX This version is not always updated :-(
-
-MAXFTPCACHE = 10        # Trim the ftp cache beyond this size
-
-# Helper for non-unix systems
-if os.name == 'mac':
-    from macurl2path import url2pathname, pathname2url
-elif os.name == 'nt':
-    from nturl2path import url2pathname, pathname2url
-else:
-    def url2pathname(pathname):
-        """OS-specific conversion from a relative URL of the 'file' scheme
-        to a file system path; not recommended for general use."""
-        return unquote(pathname)
-
-    def pathname2url(pathname):
-        """OS-specific conversion from a file system path to a relative URL
-        of the 'file' scheme; not recommended for general use."""
-        return quote(pathname)
-
-# This really consists of two pieces:
-# (1) a class which handles opening of all sorts of URLs
-#     (plus assorted utilities etc.)
-# (2) a set of functions for parsing URLs
-# XXX Should these be separated out into different modules?
-
-
-# Shortcut for basic usage
-_urlopener = None
-def urlopen(url, data=None, proxies=None):
-    """urlopen(url [, data]) -> open file-like object"""
-    global _urlopener
-    if proxies is not None:
-        opener = FancyURLopener(proxies=proxies)
-    elif not _urlopener:
-        opener = FancyURLopener()
-        _urlopener = opener
-    else:
-        opener = _urlopener
-    if data is None:
-        return opener.open(url)
-    else:
-        return opener.open(url, data)
-
-def urlretrieve(url, filename=None, reporthook=None, data=None):
-    global _urlopener
-    if not _urlopener:
-        _urlopener = FancyURLopener()
-    return _urlopener.retrieve(url, filename, reporthook, data)
-
-def urlcleanup():
-    if _urlopener:
-        _urlopener.cleanup()
-
-# check for SSL
-try:
-    import ssl
-except:
-    _have_ssl = False
-else:
-    _have_ssl = True
-
-# exception raised when downloaded size does not match content-length
-class ContentTooShortError(IOError):
-    def __init__(self, message, content):
-        IOError.__init__(self, message)
-        self.content = content
-
-ftpcache = {}
-class URLopener:
-    """Class to open URLs.
-    This is a class rather than just a subroutine because we may need
-    more than one set of global protocol-specific options.
-    Note -- this is a base class for those who don't want the
-    automatic handling of errors type 302 (relocated) and 401
-    (authorization needed)."""
-
-    __tempfiles = None
-
-    version = "Python-urllib/%s" % __version__
-
-    # Constructor
-    def __init__(self, proxies=None, **x509):
-        if proxies is None:
-            proxies = getproxies()
-        assert hasattr(proxies, 'keys'), "proxies must be a mapping"
-        self.proxies = proxies
-        self.key_file = x509.get('key_file')
-        self.cert_file = x509.get('cert_file')
-        self.addheaders = [('User-Agent', self.version)]
-        self.__tempfiles = []
-        self.__unlink = os.unlink # See cleanup()
-        self.tempcache = None
-        # Undocumented feature: if you assign {} to tempcache,
-        # it is used to cache files retrieved with
-        # self.retrieve().  This is not enabled by default
-        # since it does not work for changing documents (and I
-        # haven't got the logic to check expiration headers
-        # yet).
-        self.ftpcache = ftpcache
-        # Undocumented feature: you can use a different
-        # ftp cache by assigning to the .ftpcache member;
-        # in case you want logically independent URL openers
-        # XXX This is not threadsafe.  Bah.
-
-    def __del__(self):
-        self.close()
-
-    def close(self):
-        self.cleanup()
-
-    def cleanup(self):
-        # This code sometimes runs when the rest of this module
-        # has already been deleted, so it can't use any globals
-        # or import anything.
-        if self.__tempfiles:
-            for file in self.__tempfiles:
-                try:
-                    self.__unlink(file)
-                except OSError:
-                    pass
-            del self.__tempfiles[:]
-        if self.tempcache:
-            self.tempcache.clear()
-
-    def addheader(self, *args):
-        """Add a header to be used by the HTTP interface only
-        e.g. u.addheader('Accept', 'sound/basic')"""
-        self.addheaders.append(args)
-
-    # External interface
-    def open(self, fullurl, data=None):
-        """Use URLopener().open(file) instead of open(file, 'r')."""
-        fullurl = unwrap(toBytes(fullurl))
-        if self.tempcache and fullurl in self.tempcache:
-            filename, headers = self.tempcache[fullurl]
-            fp = open(filename, 'rb')
-            return addinfourl(fp, headers, fullurl)
-        urltype, url = splittype(fullurl)
-        if not urltype:
-            urltype = 'file'
-        if urltype in self.proxies:
-            proxy = self.proxies[urltype]
-            urltype, proxyhost = splittype(proxy)
-            host, selector = splithost(proxyhost)
-            url = (host, fullurl) # Signal special case to open_*()
-        else:
-            proxy = None
-        name = 'open_' + urltype
-        self.type = urltype
-        name = name.replace('-', '_')
-        if not hasattr(self, name):
-            if proxy:
-                return self.open_unknown_proxy(proxy, fullurl, data)
-            else:
-                return self.open_unknown(fullurl, data)
-        try:
-            if data is None:
-                return getattr(self, name)(url)
-            else:
-                return getattr(self, name)(url, data)
-        except socket.error as msg:
-            raise IOError('socket error', msg).with_traceback(sys.exc_info()[2])
-
-    def open_unknown(self, fullurl, data=None):
-        """Overridable interface to open unknown URL type."""
-        type, url = splittype(fullurl)
-        raise IOError('url error', 'unknown url type', type)
-
-    def open_unknown_proxy(self, proxy, fullurl, data=None):
-        """Overridable interface to open unknown URL type."""
-        type, url = splittype(fullurl)
-        raise IOError('url error', 'invalid proxy for %s' % type, proxy)
-
-    # External interface
-    def retrieve(self, url, filename=None, reporthook=None, data=None):
-        """retrieve(url) returns (filename, headers) for a local object
-        or (tempfilename, headers) for a remote object."""
-        url = unwrap(toBytes(url))
-        if self.tempcache and url in self.tempcache:
-            return self.tempcache[url]
-        type, url1 = splittype(url)
-        if filename is None and (not type or type == 'file'):
-            try:
-                fp = self.open_local_file(url1)
-                hdrs = fp.info()
-                del fp
-                return url2pathname(splithost(url1)[1]), hdrs
-            except IOError as msg:
-                pass
-        fp = self.open(url, data)
-        headers = fp.info()
-        if filename:
-            tfp = open(filename, 'wb')
-        else:
-            import tempfile
-            garbage, path = splittype(url)
-            garbage, path = splithost(path or "")
-            path, garbage = splitquery(path or "")
-            path, garbage = splitattr(path or "")
-            suffix = os.path.splitext(path)[1]
-            (fd, filename) = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix)
-            self.__tempfiles.append(filename)
-            tfp = os.fdopen(fd, 'wb')
-        result = filename, headers
-        if self.tempcache is not None:
-            self.tempcache[url] = result
-        bs = 1024*8
-        size = -1
-        read = 0
-        blocknum = 0
-        if reporthook:
-            if "content-length" in headers:
-                size = int(headers["Content-Length"])
-            reporthook(blocknum, bs, size)
-        while 1:
-            block = fp.read(bs)
-            if not block:
-                break
-            read += len(block)
-            tfp.write(block)
-            blocknum += 1
-            if reporthook:
-                reporthook(blocknum, bs, size)
-        fp.close()
-        tfp.close()
-        del fp
-        del tfp
-
-        # raise exception if actual size does not match content-length header
-        if size >= 0 and read < size:
-            raise ContentTooShortError("retrieval incomplete: got only %i out "
-                                       "of %i bytes" % (read, size), result)
-
-        return result
-
-    # Each method named open_<type> knows how to open that type of URL
-
-    def _open_generic_http(self, connection_factory, url, data):
-        """Make an HTTP connection using connection_class.
-
-        This is an internal method that should be called from
-        open_http() or open_https().
-
-        Arguments:
-        - connection_factory should take a host name and return an
-          HTTPConnection instance.
-        - url is the url to retrieval or a host, relative-path pair.
-        - data is payload for a POST request or None.
-        """
-
-        user_passwd = None
-        proxy_passwd= None
-        if isinstance(url, str):
-            host, selector = splithost(url)
-            if host:
-                user_passwd, host = splituser(host)
-                host = unquote(host)
-            realhost = host
-        else:
-            host, selector = url
-            # check whether the proxy contains authorization information
-            proxy_passwd, host = splituser(host)
-            # now we proceed with the url we want to obtain
-            urltype, rest = splittype(selector)
-            url = rest
-            user_passwd = None
-            if urltype.lower() != 'http':
-                realhost = None
-            else:
-                realhost, rest = splithost(rest)
-                if realhost:
-                    user_passwd, realhost = splituser(realhost)
-                if user_passwd:
-                    selector = "%s://%s%s" % (urltype, realhost, rest)
-                if proxy_bypass(realhost):
-                    host = realhost
-
-            #print "proxy via http:", host, selector
-        if not host: raise IOError('http error', 'no host given')
-
-        if proxy_passwd:
-            import base64
-            proxy_auth = base64.b64encode(proxy_passwd).strip()
-        else:
-            proxy_auth = None
-
-        if user_passwd:
-            import base64
-            auth = base64.b64encode(user_passwd).strip()
-        else:
-            auth = None
-        http_conn = connection_factory(host)
-        # XXX We should fix urllib so that it works with HTTP/1.1.
-        http_conn._http_vsn = 10
-        http_conn._http_vsn_str = "HTTP/1.0"
-
-        headers = {}
-        if proxy_auth:
-            headers["Proxy-Authorization"] = "Basic %s" % proxy_auth
-        if auth:
-            headers["Authorization"] =  "Basic %s" % auth
-        if realhost:
-            headers["Host"] = realhost
-        for header, value in self.addheaders:
-            headers[header] = value
-
-        if data is not None:
-            headers["Content-Type"] = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
-            http_conn.request("POST", selector, data, headers)
-        else:
-            http_conn.request("GET", selector, headers=headers)
-
-        try:
-            response = http_conn.getresponse()
-        except http.client.BadStatusLine:
-            # something went wrong with the HTTP status line
-            raise IOError('http protocol error', 0,
-                          'got a bad status line', None)
-
-        # According to RFC 2616, "2xx" code indicates that the client's
-        # request was successfully received, understood, and accepted.
-        if (200 <= response.status < 300):
-            return addinfourl(response.fp, response.msg, "http:" + url,
-                              response.status)
-        else:
-            return self.http_error(
-                url, response.fp,
-                response.status, response.reason, response.msg, data)
-
-    def open_http(self, url, data=None):
-        """Use HTTP protocol."""
-        return self._open_generic_http(http.client.HTTPConnection, url, data)
-
-    def http_error(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None):
-        """Handle http errors.
-
-        Derived class can override this, or provide specific handlers
-        named http_error_DDD where DDD is the 3-digit error code."""
-        # First check if there's a specific handler for this error
-        name = 'http_error_%d' % errcode
-        if hasattr(self, name):
-            method = getattr(self, name)
-            if data is None:
-                result = method(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers)
-            else:
-                result = method(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data)
-            if result: return result
-        return self.http_error_default(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers)
-
-    def http_error_default(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers):
-        """Default error handler: close the connection and raise IOError."""
-        void = fp.read()
-        fp.close()
-        raise IOError('http error', errcode, errmsg, headers)
-
-    if _have_ssl:
-        def _https_connection(self, host):
-            return http.client.HTTPSConnection(host,
-                                               key_file=self.key_file,
-                                               cert_file=self.cert_file)
-
-        def open_https(self, url, data=None):
-            """Use HTTPS protocol."""
-            return self._open_generic_http(self._https_connection, url, data)
-
-    def open_file(self, url):
-        """Use local file or FTP depending on form of URL."""
-        if not isinstance(url, str):
-            raise IOError('file error', 'proxy support for file protocol currently not implemented')
-        if url[:2] == '//' and url[2:3] != '/' and url[2:12].lower() != 'localhost/':
-            return self.open_ftp(url)
-        else:
-            return self.open_local_file(url)
-
-    def open_local_file(self, url):
-        """Use local file."""
-        import mimetypes, email.utils
-        host, file = splithost(url)
-        localname = url2pathname(file)
-        try:
-            stats = os.stat(localname)
-        except OSError as e:
-            raise IOError(e.errno, e.strerror, e.filename)
-        size = stats.st_size
-        modified = email.utils.formatdate(stats.st_mtime, usegmt=True)
-        mtype = mimetypes.guess_type(url)[0]
-        headers = email.message_from_string(
-            'Content-Type: %s\nContent-Length: %d\nLast-modified: %s\n' %
-            (mtype or 'text/plain', size, modified))
-        if not host:
-            urlfile = file
-            if file[:1] == '/':
-                urlfile = 'file://' + file
-            return addinfourl(open(localname, 'rb'),
-                              headers, urlfile)
-        host, port = splitport(host)
-        if not port \
-           and socket.gethostbyname(host) in (localhost(), thishost()):
-            urlfile = file
-            if file[:1] == '/':
-                urlfile = 'file://' + file
-            return addinfourl(open(localname, 'rb'),
-                              headers, urlfile)
-        raise IOError('local file error', 'not on local host')
-
-    def open_ftp(self, url):
-        """Use FTP protocol."""
-        if not isinstance(url, str):
-            raise IOError('ftp error', 'proxy support for ftp protocol currently not implemented')
-        import mimetypes
-        host, path = splithost(url)
-        if not host: raise IOError('ftp error', 'no host given')
-        host, port = splitport(host)
-        user, host = splituser(host)
-        if user: user, passwd = splitpasswd(user)
-        else: passwd = None
-        host = unquote(host)
-        user = unquote(user or '')
-        passwd = unquote(passwd or '')
-        host = socket.gethostbyname(host)
-        if not port:
-            import ftplib
-            port = ftplib.FTP_PORT
-        else:
-            port = int(port)
-        path, attrs = splitattr(path)
-        path = unquote(path)
-        dirs = path.split('/')
-        dirs, file = dirs[:-1], dirs[-1]
-        if dirs and not dirs[0]: dirs = dirs[1:]
-        if dirs and not dirs[0]: dirs[0] = '/'
-        key = user, host, port, '/'.join(dirs)
-        # XXX thread unsafe!
-        if len(self.ftpcache) > MAXFTPCACHE:
-            # Prune the cache, rather arbitrarily
-            for k in self.ftpcache.keys():
-                if k != key:
-                    v = self.ftpcache[k]
-                    del self.ftpcache[k]
-                    v.close()
-        try:
-            if not key in self.ftpcache:
-                self.ftpcache[key] = \
-                    ftpwrapper(user, passwd, host, port, dirs)
-            if not file: type = 'D'
-            else: type = 'I'
-            for attr in attrs:
-                attr, value = splitvalue(attr)
-                if attr.lower() == 'type' and \
-                   value in ('a', 'A', 'i', 'I', 'd', 'D'):
-                    type = value.upper()
-            (fp, retrlen) = self.ftpcache[key].retrfile(file, type)
-            mtype = mimetypes.guess_type("ftp:" + url)[0]
-            headers = ""
-            if mtype:
-                headers += "Content-Type: %s\n" % mtype
-            if retrlen is not None and retrlen >= 0:
-                headers += "Content-Length: %d\n" % retrlen
-            headers = email.message_from_string(headers)
-            return addinfourl(fp, headers, "ftp:" + url)
-        except ftperrors() as msg:
-            raise IOError('ftp error', msg).with_traceback(sys.exc_info()[2])
-
-    def open_data(self, url, data=None):
-        """Use "data" URL."""
-        if not isinstance(url, str):
-            raise IOError('data error', 'proxy support for data protocol currently not implemented')
-        # ignore POSTed data
-        #
-        # syntax of data URLs:
-        # dataurl   := "data:" [ mediatype ] [ ";base64" ] "," data
-        # mediatype := [ type "/" subtype ] *( ";" parameter )
-        # data      := *urlchar
-        # parameter := attribute "=" value
-        from io import StringIO
-        try:
-            [type, data] = url.split(',', 1)
-        except ValueError:
-            raise IOError('data error', 'bad data URL')
-        if not type:
-            type = 'text/plain;charset=US-ASCII'
-        semi = type.rfind(';')
-        if semi >= 0 and '=' not in type[semi:]:
-            encoding = type[semi+1:]
-            type = type[:semi]
-        else:
-            encoding = ''
-        msg = []
-        msg.append('Date: %s'%time.strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %T GMT',
-                                            time.gmtime(time.time())))
-        msg.append('Content-type: %s' % type)
-        if encoding == 'base64':
-            import base64
-            data = base64.decodestring(data)
-        else:
-            data = unquote(data)
-        msg.append('Content-Length: %d' % len(data))
-        msg.append('')
-        msg.append(data)
-        msg = '\n'.join(msg)
-        headers = email.message_from_string(msg)
-        f = StringIO(msg)
-        #f.fileno = None     # needed for addinfourl
-        return addinfourl(f, headers, url)
-
-
-class FancyURLopener(URLopener):
-    """Derived class with handlers for errors we can handle (perhaps)."""
-
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        URLopener.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
-        self.auth_cache = {}
-        self.tries = 0
-        self.maxtries = 10
-
-    def http_error_default(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers):
-        """Default error handling -- don't raise an exception."""
-        return addinfourl(fp, headers, "http:" + url, errcode)
-
-    def http_error_302(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None):
-        """Error 302 -- relocated (temporarily)."""
-        self.tries += 1
-        if self.maxtries and self.tries >= self.maxtries:
-            if hasattr(self, "http_error_500"):
-                meth = self.http_error_500
-            else:
-                meth = self.http_error_default
-            self.tries = 0
-            return meth(url, fp, 500,
-                        "Internal Server Error: Redirect Recursion", headers)
-        result = self.redirect_internal(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers,
-                                        data)
-        self.tries = 0
-        return result
-
-    def redirect_internal(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data):
-        if 'location' in headers:
-            newurl = headers['location']
-        elif 'uri' in headers:
-            newurl = headers['uri']
-        else:
-            return
-        void = fp.read()
-        fp.close()
-        # In case the server sent a relative URL, join with original:
-        newurl = basejoin(self.type + ":" + url, newurl)
-        return self.open(newurl)
-
-    def http_error_301(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None):
-        """Error 301 -- also relocated (permanently)."""
-        return self.http_error_302(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data)
-
-    def http_error_303(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None):
-        """Error 303 -- also relocated (essentially identical to 302)."""
-        return self.http_error_302(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data)
-
-    def http_error_307(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None):
-        """Error 307 -- relocated, but turn POST into error."""
-        if data is None:
-            return self.http_error_302(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data)
-        else:
-            return self.http_error_default(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers)
-
-    def http_error_401(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None):
-        """Error 401 -- authentication required.
-        This function supports Basic authentication only."""
-        if not 'www-authenticate' in headers:
-            URLopener.http_error_default(self, url, fp,
-                                         errcode, errmsg, headers)
-        stuff = headers['www-authenticate']
-        import re
-        match = re.match('[ \t]*([^ \t]+)[ \t]+realm="([^"]*)"', stuff)
-        if not match:
-            URLopener.http_error_default(self, url, fp,
-                                         errcode, errmsg, headers)
-        scheme, realm = match.groups()
-        if scheme.lower() != 'basic':
-            URLopener.http_error_default(self, url, fp,
-                                         errcode, errmsg, headers)
-        name = 'retry_' + self.type + '_basic_auth'
-        if data is None:
-            return getattr(self,name)(url, realm)
-        else:
-            return getattr(self,name)(url, realm, data)
-
-    def http_error_407(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None):
-        """Error 407 -- proxy authentication required.
-        This function supports Basic authentication only."""
-        if not 'proxy-authenticate' in headers:
-            URLopener.http_error_default(self, url, fp,
-                                         errcode, errmsg, headers)
-        stuff = headers['proxy-authenticate']
-        import re
-        match = re.match('[ \t]*([^ \t]+)[ \t]+realm="([^"]*)"', stuff)
-        if not match:
-            URLopener.http_error_default(self, url, fp,
-                                         errcode, errmsg, headers)
-        scheme, realm = match.groups()
-        if scheme.lower() != 'basic':
-            URLopener.http_error_default(self, url, fp,
-                                         errcode, errmsg, headers)
-        name = 'retry_proxy_' + self.type + '_basic_auth'
-        if data is None:
-            return getattr(self,name)(url, realm)
-        else:
-            return getattr(self,name)(url, realm, data)
-
-    def retry_proxy_http_basic_auth(self, url, realm, data=None):
-        host, selector = splithost(url)
-        newurl = 'http://' + host + selector
-        proxy = self.proxies['http']
-        urltype, proxyhost = splittype(proxy)
-        proxyhost, proxyselector = splithost(proxyhost)
-        i = proxyhost.find('@') + 1
-        proxyhost = proxyhost[i:]
-        user, passwd = self.get_user_passwd(proxyhost, realm, i)
-        if not (user or passwd): return None
-        proxyhost = quote(user, safe='') + ':' + quote(passwd, safe='') + '@' + proxyhost
-        self.proxies['http'] = 'http://' + proxyhost + proxyselector
-        if data is None:
-            return self.open(newurl)
-        else:
-            return self.open(newurl, data)
-
-    def retry_proxy_https_basic_auth(self, url, realm, data=None):
-        host, selector = splithost(url)
-        newurl = 'https://' + host + selector
-        proxy = self.proxies['https']
-        urltype, proxyhost = splittype(proxy)
-        proxyhost, proxyselector = splithost(proxyhost)
-        i = proxyhost.find('@') + 1
-        proxyhost = proxyhost[i:]
-        user, passwd = self.get_user_passwd(proxyhost, realm, i)
-        if not (user or passwd): return None
-        proxyhost = quote(user, safe='') + ':' + quote(passwd, safe='') + '@' + proxyhost
-        self.proxies['https'] = 'https://' + proxyhost + proxyselector
-        if data is None:
-            return self.open(newurl)
-        else:
-            return self.open(newurl, data)
-
-    def retry_http_basic_auth(self, url, realm, data=None):
-        host, selector = splithost(url)
-        i = host.find('@') + 1
-        host = host[i:]
-        user, passwd = self.get_user_passwd(host, realm, i)
-        if not (user or passwd): return None
-        host = quote(user, safe='') + ':' + quote(passwd, safe='') + '@' + host
-        newurl = 'http://' + host + selector
-        if data is None:
-            return self.open(newurl)
-        else:
-            return self.open(newurl, data)
-
-    def retry_https_basic_auth(self, url, realm, data=None):
-        host, selector = splithost(url)
-        i = host.find('@') + 1
-        host = host[i:]
-        user, passwd = self.get_user_passwd(host, realm, i)
-        if not (user or passwd): return None
-        host = quote(user, safe='') + ':' + quote(passwd, safe='') + '@' + host
-        newurl = 'https://' + host + selector
-        if data is None:
-            return self.open(newurl)
-        else:
-            return self.open(newurl, data)
-
-    def get_user_passwd(self, host, realm, clear_cache = 0):
-        key = realm + '@' + host.lower()
-        if key in self.auth_cache:
-            if clear_cache:
-                del self.auth_cache[key]
-            else:
-                return self.auth_cache[key]
-        user, passwd = self.prompt_user_passwd(host, realm)
-        if user or passwd: self.auth_cache[key] = (user, passwd)
-        return user, passwd
-
-    def prompt_user_passwd(self, host, realm):
-        """Override this in a GUI environment!"""
-        import getpass
-        try:
-            user = input("Enter username for %s at %s: " % (realm, host))
-            passwd = getpass.getpass("Enter password for %s in %s at %s: " %
-                (user, realm, host))
-            return user, passwd
-        except KeyboardInterrupt:
-            print()
-            return None, None
-
-
-# Utility functions
-
-_localhost = None
-def localhost():
-    """Return the IP address of the magic hostname 'localhost'."""
-    global _localhost
-    if _localhost is None:
-        _localhost = socket.gethostbyname('localhost')
-    return _localhost
-
-_thishost = None
-def thishost():
-    """Return the IP address of the current host."""
-    global _thishost
-    if _thishost is None:
-        _thishost = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
-    return _thishost
-
-_ftperrors = None
-def ftperrors():
-    """Return the set of errors raised by the FTP class."""
-    global _ftperrors
-    if _ftperrors is None:
-        import ftplib
-        _ftperrors = ftplib.all_errors
-    return _ftperrors
-
-_noheaders = None
-def noheaders():
-    """Return an empty email.message.Message object."""
-    global _noheaders
-    if _noheaders is None:
-        _noheaders = email.message.Message()
-    return _noheaders
-
-
-# Utility classes
-
-class ftpwrapper:
-    """Class used by open_ftp() for cache of open FTP connections."""
-
-    def __init__(self, user, passwd, host, port, dirs,
-                 timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT):
-        self.user = user
-        self.passwd = passwd
-        self.host = host
-        self.port = port
-        self.dirs = dirs
-        self.timeout = timeout
-        self.init()
-
-    def init(self):
-        import ftplib
-        self.busy = 0
-        self.ftp = ftplib.FTP()
-        self.ftp.connect(self.host, self.port, self.timeout)
-        self.ftp.login(self.user, self.passwd)
-        for dir in self.dirs:
-            self.ftp.cwd(dir)
-
-    def retrfile(self, file, type):
-        import ftplib
-        self.endtransfer()
-        if type in ('d', 'D'): cmd = 'TYPE A'; isdir = 1
-        else: cmd = 'TYPE ' + type; isdir = 0
-        try:
-            self.ftp.voidcmd(cmd)
-        except ftplib.all_errors:
-            self.init()
-            self.ftp.voidcmd(cmd)
-        conn = None
-        if file and not isdir:
-            # Try to retrieve as a file
-            try:
-                cmd = 'RETR ' + file
-                conn = self.ftp.ntransfercmd(cmd)
-            except ftplib.error_perm as reason:
-                if str(reason)[:3] != '550':
-                    raise IOError('ftp error', reason).with_traceback(sys.exc_info()[2])
-        if not conn:
-            # Set transfer mode to ASCII!
-            self.ftp.voidcmd('TYPE A')
-            # Try a directory listing. Verify that directory exists.
-            if file:
-                pwd = self.ftp.pwd()
-                try:
-                    try:
-                        self.ftp.cwd(file)
-                    except ftplib.error_perm as reason:
-                        raise IOError('ftp error', reason) from reason
-                finally:
-                    self.ftp.cwd(pwd)
-                cmd = 'LIST ' + file
-            else:
-                cmd = 'LIST'
-            conn = self.ftp.ntransfercmd(cmd)
-        self.busy = 1
-        # Pass back both a suitably decorated object and a retrieval length
-        return (addclosehook(conn[0].makefile('rb'),
-                             self.endtransfer), conn[1])
-    def endtransfer(self):
-        if not self.busy:
-            return
-        self.busy = 0
-        try:
-            self.ftp.voidresp()
-        except ftperrors():
-            pass
-
-    def close(self):
-        self.endtransfer()
-        try:
-            self.ftp.close()
-        except ftperrors():
-            pass
-
-class addbase:
-    """Base class for addinfo and addclosehook."""
-
-    # XXX Add a method to expose the timeout on the underlying socket?
-
-    def __init__(self, fp):
-        self.fp = fp
-        self.read = self.fp.read
-        self.readline = self.fp.readline
-        if hasattr(self.fp, "readlines"): self.readlines = self.fp.readlines
-        if hasattr(self.fp, "fileno"):
-            self.fileno = self.fp.fileno
-        else:
-            self.fileno = lambda: None
-        if hasattr(self.fp, "__iter__"):
-            self.__iter__ = self.fp.__iter__
-            if hasattr(self.fp, "__next__"):
-                self.__next__ = self.fp.__next__
-
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return '<%s at %r whose fp = %r>' % (self.__class__.__name__,
-                                             id(self), self.fp)
-
-    def close(self):
-        self.read = None
-        self.readline = None
-        self.readlines = None
-        self.fileno = None
-        if self.fp: self.fp.close()
-        self.fp = None
-
-class addclosehook(addbase):
-    """Class to add a close hook to an open file."""
-
-    def __init__(self, fp, closehook, *hookargs):
-        addbase.__init__(self, fp)
-        self.closehook = closehook
-        self.hookargs = hookargs
-
-    def close(self):
-        addbase.close(self)
-        if self.closehook:
-            self.closehook(*self.hookargs)
-            self.closehook = None
-            self.hookargs = None
-
-class addinfo(addbase):
-    """class to add an info() method to an open file."""
-
-    def __init__(self, fp, headers):
-        addbase.__init__(self, fp)
-        self.headers = headers
-
-    def info(self):
-        return self.headers
-
-class addinfourl(addbase):
-    """class to add info() and geturl() methods to an open file."""
-
-    def __init__(self, fp, headers, url, code=None):
-        addbase.__init__(self, fp)
-        self.headers = headers
-        self.url = url
-        self.code = code
-
-    def info(self):
-        return self.headers
-
-    def getcode(self):
-        return self.code
-
-    def geturl(self):
-        return self.url
-
-
-# Utilities to parse URLs (most of these return None for missing parts):
-# unwrap('<URL:type://host/path>') --> 'type://host/path'
-# splittype('type:opaquestring') --> 'type', 'opaquestring'
-# splithost('//host[:port]/path') --> 'host[:port]', '/path'
-# splituser('user[:passwd]@host[:port]') --> 'user[:passwd]', 'host[:port]'
-# splitpasswd('user:passwd') -> 'user', 'passwd'
-# splitport('host:port') --> 'host', 'port'
-# splitquery('/path?query') --> '/path', 'query'
-# splittag('/path#tag') --> '/path', 'tag'
-# splitattr('/path;attr1=value1;attr2=value2;...') ->
-#   '/path', ['attr1=value1', 'attr2=value2', ...]
-# splitvalue('attr=value') --> 'attr', 'value'
-# unquote('abc%20def') -> 'abc def'
-# quote('abc def') -> 'abc%20def')
-
-def toBytes(url):
-    """toBytes(u"URL") --> 'URL'."""
-    # Most URL schemes require ASCII. If that changes, the conversion
-    # can be relaxed.
-    # XXX get rid of toBytes()
-    if isinstance(url, str):
-        try:
-            url = url.encode("ASCII").decode()
-        except UnicodeError:
-            raise UnicodeError("URL " + repr(url) +
-                               " contains non-ASCII characters")
-    return url
-
-def unwrap(url):
-    """unwrap('<URL:type://host/path>') --> 'type://host/path'."""
-    url = str(url).strip()
-    if url[:1] == '<' and url[-1:] == '>':
-        url = url[1:-1].strip()
-    if url[:4] == 'URL:': url = url[4:].strip()
-    return url
-
-_typeprog = None
-def splittype(url):
-    """splittype('type:opaquestring') --> 'type', 'opaquestring'."""
-    global _typeprog
-    if _typeprog is None:
-        import re
-        _typeprog = re.compile('^([^/:]+):')
-
-    match = _typeprog.match(url)
-    if match:
-        scheme = match.group(1)
-        return scheme.lower(), url[len(scheme) + 1:]
-    return None, url
-
-_hostprog = None
-def splithost(url):
-    """splithost('//host[:port]/path') --> 'host[:port]', '/path'."""
-    global _hostprog
-    if _hostprog is None:
-        import re
-        _hostprog = re.compile('^//([^/?]*)(.*)$')
-
-    match = _hostprog.match(url)
-    if match: return match.group(1, 2)
-    return None, url
-
-_userprog = None
-def splituser(host):
-    """splituser('user[:passwd]@host[:port]') --> 'user[:passwd]', 'host[:port]'."""
-    global _userprog
-    if _userprog is None:
-        import re
-        _userprog = re.compile('^(.*)@(.*)$')
-
-    match = _userprog.match(host)
-    if match: return map(unquote, match.group(1, 2))
-    return None, host
-
-_passwdprog = None
-def splitpasswd(user):
-    """splitpasswd('user:passwd') -> 'user', 'passwd'."""
-    global _passwdprog
-    if _passwdprog is None:
-        import re
-        _passwdprog = re.compile('^([^:]*):(.*)$')
-
-    match = _passwdprog.match(user)
-    if match: return match.group(1, 2)
-    return user, None
-
-# splittag('/path#tag') --> '/path', 'tag'
-_portprog = None
-def splitport(host):
-    """splitport('host:port') --> 'host', 'port'."""
-    global _portprog
-    if _portprog is None:
-        import re
-        _portprog = re.compile('^(.*):([0-9]+)$')
-
-    match = _portprog.match(host)
-    if match: return match.group(1, 2)
-    return host, None
-
-_nportprog = None
-def splitnport(host, defport=-1):
-    """Split host and port, returning numeric port.
-    Return given default port if no ':' found; defaults to -1.
-    Return numerical port if a valid number are found after ':'.
-    Return None if ':' but not a valid number."""
-    global _nportprog
-    if _nportprog is None:
-        import re
-        _nportprog = re.compile('^(.*):(.*)$')
-
-    match = _nportprog.match(host)
-    if match:
-        host, port = match.group(1, 2)
-        try:
-            if not port: raise ValueError("no digits")
-            nport = int(port)
-        except ValueError:
-            nport = None
-        return host, nport
-    return host, defport
-
-_queryprog = None
-def splitquery(url):
-    """splitquery('/path?query') --> '/path', 'query'."""
-    global _queryprog
-    if _queryprog is None:
-        import re
-        _queryprog = re.compile('^(.*)\?([^?]*)$')
-
-    match = _queryprog.match(url)
-    if match: return match.group(1, 2)
-    return url, None
-
-_tagprog = None
-def splittag(url):
-    """splittag('/path#tag') --> '/path', 'tag'."""
-    global _tagprog
-    if _tagprog is None:
-        import re
-        _tagprog = re.compile('^(.*)#([^#]*)$')
-
-    match = _tagprog.match(url)
-    if match: return match.group(1, 2)
-    return url, None
-
-def splitattr(url):
-    """splitattr('/path;attr1=value1;attr2=value2;...') ->
-        '/path', ['attr1=value1', 'attr2=value2', ...]."""
-    words = url.split(';')
-    return words[0], words[1:]
-
-_valueprog = None
-def splitvalue(attr):
-    """splitvalue('attr=value') --> 'attr', 'value'."""
-    global _valueprog
-    if _valueprog is None:
-        import re
-        _valueprog = re.compile('^([^=]*)=(.*)$')
-
-    match = _valueprog.match(attr)
-    if match: return match.group(1, 2)
-    return attr, None
-
-_hextochr = dict(('%02x' % i, chr(i)) for i in range(256))
-_hextochr.update(('%02X' % i, chr(i)) for i in range(256))
-
-def unquote(s):
-    """unquote('abc%20def') -> 'abc def'."""
-    res = s.split('%')
-    for i in range(1, len(res)):
-        item = res[i]
-        try:
-            res[i] = _hextochr[item[:2]] + item[2:]
-        except KeyError:
-            res[i] = '%' + item
-        except UnicodeDecodeError:
-            res[i] = chr(int(item[:2], 16)) + item[2:]
-    return "".join(res)
-
-def unquote_plus(s):
-    """unquote('%7e/abc+def') -> '~/abc def'"""
-    s = s.replace('+', ' ')
-    return unquote(s)
-
-always_safe = ('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
-               'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
-               '0123456789' '_.-')
-_safe_quoters= {}
-
-class Quoter:
-    def __init__(self, safe):
-        self.cache = {}
-        self.safe = safe + always_safe
-
-    def __call__(self, c):
-        try:
-            return self.cache[c]
-        except KeyError:
-            if ord(c) < 256:
-                res = (c in self.safe) and c or ('%%%02X' % ord(c))
-                self.cache[c] = res
-                return res
-            else:
-                return "".join(['%%%02X' % i for i in c.encode("utf-8")])
-
-def quote(s, safe = '/'):
-    """quote('abc def') -> 'abc%20def'
-
-    Each part of a URL, e.g. the path info, the query, etc., has a
-    different set of reserved characters that must be quoted.
-
-    RFC 2396 Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax lists
-    the following reserved characters.
-
-    reserved    = ";" | "/" | "?" | ":" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+" |
-                  "$" | ","
-
-    Each of these characters is reserved in some component of a URL,
-    but not necessarily in all of them.
-
-    By default, the quote function is intended for quoting the path
-    section of a URL.  Thus, it will not encode '/'.  This character
-    is reserved, but in typical usage the quote function is being
-    called on a path where the existing slash characters are used as
-    reserved characters.
-    """
-    cachekey = (safe, always_safe)
-    try:
-        quoter = _safe_quoters[cachekey]
-    except KeyError:
-        quoter = Quoter(safe)
-        _safe_quoters[cachekey] = quoter
-    res = map(quoter, s)
-    return ''.join(res)
-
-def quote_plus(s, safe = ''):
-    """Quote the query fragment of a URL; replacing ' ' with '+'"""
-    if ' ' in s:
-        s = quote(s, safe + ' ')
-        return s.replace(' ', '+')
-    return quote(s, safe)
-
-def urlencode(query,doseq=0):
-    """Encode a sequence of two-element tuples or dictionary into a URL query string.
-
-    If any values in the query arg are sequences and doseq is true, each
-    sequence element is converted to a separate parameter.
-
-    If the query arg is a sequence of two-element tuples, the order of the
-    parameters in the output will match the order of parameters in the
-    input.
-    """
-
-    if hasattr(query,"items"):
-        # mapping objects
-        query = query.items()
-    else:
-        # it's a bother at times that strings and string-like objects are
-        # sequences...
-        try:
-            # non-sequence items should not work with len()
-            # non-empty strings will fail this
-            if len(query) and not isinstance(query[0], tuple):
-                raise TypeError
-            # zero-length sequences of all types will get here and succeed,
-            # but that's a minor nit - since the original implementation
-            # allowed empty dicts that type of behavior probably should be
-            # preserved for consistency
-        except TypeError:
-            ty,va,tb = sys.exc_info()
-            raise TypeError("not a valid non-string sequence or mapping object").with_traceback(tb)
-
-    l = []
-    if not doseq:
-        # preserve old behavior
-        for k, v in query:
-            k = quote_plus(str(k))
-            v = quote_plus(str(v))
-            l.append(k + '=' + v)
-    else:
-        for k, v in query:
-            k = quote_plus(str(k))
-            if isinstance(v, str):
-                v = quote_plus(v)
-                l.append(k + '=' + v)
-            elif isinstance(v, str):
-                # is there a reasonable way to convert to ASCII?
-                # encode generates a string, but "replace" or "ignore"
-                # lose information and "strict" can raise UnicodeError
-                v = quote_plus(v.encode("ASCII","replace"))
-                l.append(k + '=' + v)
-            else:
-                try:
-                    # is this a sufficient test for sequence-ness?
-                    x = len(v)
-                except TypeError:
-                    # not a sequence
-                    v = quote_plus(str(v))
-                    l.append(k + '=' + v)
-                else:
-                    # loop over the sequence
-                    for elt in v:
-                        l.append(k + '=' + quote_plus(str(elt)))
-    return '&'.join(l)
-
-# Proxy handling
-def getproxies_environment():
-    """Return a dictionary of scheme -> proxy server URL mappings.
-
-    Scan the environment for variables named <scheme>_proxy;
-    this seems to be the standard convention.  If you need a
-    different way, you can pass a proxies dictionary to the
-    [Fancy]URLopener constructor.
-
-    """
-    proxies = {}
-    for name, value in os.environ.items():
-        name = name.lower()
-        if name == 'no_proxy':
-            # handled in proxy_bypass_environment
-            continue
-        if value and name[-6:] == '_proxy':
-            proxies[name[:-6]] = value
-    return proxies
-
-def proxy_bypass_environment(host):
-    """Test if proxies should not be used for a particular host.
-
-    Checks the environment for a variable named no_proxy, which should
-    be a list of DNS suffixes separated by commas, or '*' for all hosts.
-    """
-    no_proxy = os.environ.get('no_proxy', '') or os.environ.get('NO_PROXY', '')
-    # '*' is special case for always bypass
-    if no_proxy == '*':
-        return 1
-    # strip port off host
-    hostonly, port = splitport(host)
-    # check if the host ends with any of the DNS suffixes
-    for name in no_proxy.split(','):
-        if name and (hostonly.endswith(name) or host.endswith(name)):
-            return 1
-    # otherwise, don't bypass
-    return 0
-
-
-if sys.platform == 'darwin':
-
-    def _CFSetup(sc):
-        from ctypes import c_int32, c_void_p, c_char_p, c_int
-        sc.CFStringCreateWithCString.argtypes = [ c_void_p, c_char_p, c_int32 ]
-        sc.CFStringCreateWithCString.restype = c_void_p
-        sc.SCDynamicStoreCopyProxies.argtypes = [ c_void_p ]
-        sc.SCDynamicStoreCopyProxies.restype = c_void_p
-        sc.CFDictionaryGetValue.argtypes = [ c_void_p, c_void_p ]
-        sc.CFDictionaryGetValue.restype = c_void_p
-        sc.CFStringGetLength.argtypes = [ c_void_p ]
-        sc.CFStringGetLength.restype = c_int32
-        sc.CFStringGetCString.argtypes = [ c_void_p, c_char_p, c_int32, c_int32 ]
-        sc.CFStringGetCString.restype = c_int32
-        sc.CFNumberGetValue.argtypes = [ c_void_p, c_int, c_void_p ]
-        sc.CFNumberGetValue.restype = c_int32
-        sc.CFRelease.argtypes = [ c_void_p ]
-        sc.CFRelease.restype = None
-
-    def _CStringFromCFString(sc, value):
-        from ctypes import create_string_buffer
-        length = sc.CFStringGetLength(value) + 1
-        buff = create_string_buffer(length)
-        sc.CFStringGetCString(value, buff, length, 0)
-        return buff.value
-
-    def _CFNumberToInt32(sc, cfnum):
-        from ctypes import byref, c_int
-        val = c_int()
-        kCFNumberSInt32Type = 3
-        sc.CFNumberGetValue(cfnum, kCFNumberSInt32Type, byref(val))
-        return val.value
-
-
-    def proxy_bypass_macosx_sysconf(host):
-        """
-        Return True iff this host shouldn't be accessed using a proxy
-
-        This function uses the MacOSX framework SystemConfiguration
-        to fetch the proxy information.
-        """
-        from ctypes import cdll
-        from ctypes.util import find_library
-        import re
-        import socket
-        from fnmatch import fnmatch
-
-        def ip2num(ipAddr):
-            parts = ipAddr.split('.')
-            parts = map(int, parts)
-            if len(parts) != 4:
-                parts = (parts + [0, 0, 0, 0])[:4]
-            return (parts[0] << 24) | (parts[1] << 16) | (parts[2] << 8) | parts[3]
-
-        sc = cdll.LoadLibrary(find_library("SystemConfiguration"))
-        _CFSetup(sc)
-
-        hostIP = None
-
-        if not sc:
-            return False
-
-        kSCPropNetProxiesExceptionsList = sc.CFStringCreateWithCString(0, "ExceptionsList", 0)
-        kSCPropNetProxiesExcludeSimpleHostnames = sc.CFStringCreateWithCString(0,
-                "ExcludeSimpleHostnames", 0)
-
-
-        proxyDict = sc.SCDynamicStoreCopyProxies(None)
-        if proxyDict is None:
-            return False
-
-        try:
-            # Check for simple host names:
-            if '.' not in host:
-                exclude_simple = sc.CFDictionaryGetValue(proxyDict,
-                        kSCPropNetProxiesExcludeSimpleHostnames)
-                if exclude_simple and _CFNumberToInt32(sc, exclude_simple):
-                    return True
-
-
-            # Check the exceptions list:
-            exceptions = sc.CFDictionaryGetValue(proxyDict, kSCPropNetProxiesExceptionsList)
-            if exceptions:
-                # Items in the list are strings like these: *.local, 169.254/16
-                for index in xrange(sc.CFArrayGetCount(exceptions)):
-                    value = sc.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(exceptions, index)
-                    if not value: continue
-                    value = _CStringFromCFString(sc, value)
-
-                    m = re.match(r"(\d+(?:\.\d+)*)(/\d+)?", value)
-                    if m is not None:
-                        if hostIP is None:
-                            hostIP = socket.gethostbyname(host)
-                            hostIP = ip2num(hostIP)
-
-                        base = ip2num(m.group(1))
-                        mask = int(m.group(2)[1:])
-                        mask = 32 - mask
-
-                        if (hostIP >> mask) == (base >> mask):
-                            return True
-
-                    elif fnmatch(host, value):
-                        return True
-
-            return False
-
-        finally:
-            sc.CFRelease(kSCPropNetProxiesExceptionsList)
-            sc.CFRelease(kSCPropNetProxiesExcludeSimpleHostnames)
-
-
-
-    def getproxies_macosx_sysconf():
-        """Return a dictionary of scheme -> proxy server URL mappings.
-
-        This function uses the MacOSX framework SystemConfiguration
-        to fetch the proxy information.
-        """
-        from ctypes import cdll
-        from ctypes.util import find_library
-
-        sc = cdll.LoadLibrary(find_library("SystemConfiguration"))
-        _CFSetup(sc)
-
-        if not sc:
-            return {}
-
-        kSCPropNetProxiesHTTPEnable = sc.CFStringCreateWithCString(0, b"HTTPEnable", 0)
-        kSCPropNetProxiesHTTPProxy = sc.CFStringCreateWithCString(0, b"HTTPProxy", 0)
-        kSCPropNetProxiesHTTPPort = sc.CFStringCreateWithCString(0, b"HTTPPort", 0)
-
-        kSCPropNetProxiesHTTPSEnable = sc.CFStringCreateWithCString(0, b"HTTPSEnable", 0)
-        kSCPropNetProxiesHTTPSProxy = sc.CFStringCreateWithCString(0, b"HTTPSProxy", 0)
-        kSCPropNetProxiesHTTPSPort = sc.CFStringCreateWithCString(0, b"HTTPSPort", 0)
-
-        kSCPropNetProxiesFTPEnable = sc.CFStringCreateWithCString(0, b"FTPEnable", 0)
-        kSCPropNetProxiesFTPPassive = sc.CFStringCreateWithCString(0, b"FTPPassive", 0)
-        kSCPropNetProxiesFTPPort = sc.CFStringCreateWithCString(0, b"FTPPort", 0)
-        kSCPropNetProxiesFTPProxy = sc.CFStringCreateWithCString(0, b"FTPProxy", 0)
-
-        kSCPropNetProxiesGopherEnable = sc.CFStringCreateWithCString(0, b"GopherEnable", 0)
-        kSCPropNetProxiesGopherPort = sc.CFStringCreateWithCString(0, b"GopherPort", 0)
-        kSCPropNetProxiesGopherProxy = sc.CFStringCreateWithCString(0, b"GopherProxy", 0)
-
-        proxies = {}
-        proxyDict = sc.SCDynamicStoreCopyProxies(None)
-
-        try:
-            # HTTP:
-            enabled = sc.CFDictionaryGetValue(proxyDict, kSCPropNetProxiesHTTPEnable)
-            if enabled and _CFNumberToInt32(sc, enabled):
-                proxy = sc.CFDictionaryGetValue(proxyDict, kSCPropNetProxiesHTTPProxy)
-                port = sc.CFDictionaryGetValue(proxyDict, kSCPropNetProxiesHTTPPort)
-
-                if proxy:
-                    proxy = _CStringFromCFString(sc, proxy)
-                    if port:
-                        port = _CFNumberToInt32(sc, port)
-                        proxies["http"] = "http://%s:%i" % (proxy, port)
-                    else:
-                        proxies["http"] = "http://%s" % (proxy, )
-
-            # HTTPS:
-            enabled = sc.CFDictionaryGetValue(proxyDict, kSCPropNetProxiesHTTPSEnable)
-            if enabled and _CFNumberToInt32(sc, enabled):
-                proxy = sc.CFDictionaryGetValue(proxyDict, kSCPropNetProxiesHTTPSProxy)
-                port = sc.CFDictionaryGetValue(proxyDict, kSCPropNetProxiesHTTPSPort)
-
-                if proxy:
-                    proxy = _CStringFromCFString(sc, proxy)
-                    if port:
-                        port = _CFNumberToInt32(sc, port)
-                        proxies["https"] = "http://%s:%i" % (proxy, port)
-                    else:
-                        proxies["https"] = "http://%s" % (proxy, )
-
-            # FTP:
-            enabled = sc.CFDictionaryGetValue(proxyDict, kSCPropNetProxiesFTPEnable)
-            if enabled and _CFNumberToInt32(sc, enabled):
-                proxy = sc.CFDictionaryGetValue(proxyDict, kSCPropNetProxiesFTPProxy)
-                port = sc.CFDictionaryGetValue(proxyDict, kSCPropNetProxiesFTPPort)
-
-                if proxy:
-                    proxy = _CStringFromCFString(sc, proxy)
-                    if port:
-                        port = _CFNumberToInt32(sc, port)
-                        proxies["ftp"] = "http://%s:%i" % (proxy, port)
-                    else:
-                        proxies["ftp"] = "http://%s" % (proxy, )
-
-            # Gopher:
-            enabled = sc.CFDictionaryGetValue(proxyDict, kSCPropNetProxiesGopherEnable)
-            if enabled and _CFNumberToInt32(sc, enabled):
-                proxy = sc.CFDictionaryGetValue(proxyDict, kSCPropNetProxiesGopherProxy)
-                port = sc.CFDictionaryGetValue(proxyDict, kSCPropNetProxiesGopherPort)
-
-                if proxy:
-                    proxy = _CStringFromCFString(sc, proxy)
-                    if port:
-                        port = _CFNumberToInt32(sc, port)
-                        proxies["gopher"] = "http://%s:%i" % (proxy, port)
-                    else:
-                        proxies["gopher"] = "http://%s" % (proxy, )
-        finally:
-            sc.CFRelease(proxyDict)
-
-        sc.CFRelease(kSCPropNetProxiesHTTPEnable)
-        sc.CFRelease(kSCPropNetProxiesHTTPProxy)
-        sc.CFRelease(kSCPropNetProxiesHTTPPort)
-        sc.CFRelease(kSCPropNetProxiesFTPEnable)
-        sc.CFRelease(kSCPropNetProxiesFTPPassive)
-        sc.CFRelease(kSCPropNetProxiesFTPPort)
-        sc.CFRelease(kSCPropNetProxiesFTPProxy)
-        sc.CFRelease(kSCPropNetProxiesGopherEnable)
-        sc.CFRelease(kSCPropNetProxiesGopherPort)
-        sc.CFRelease(kSCPropNetProxiesGopherProxy)
-
-        return proxies
-
-
-
-    def proxy_bypass(host):
-        if getproxies_environment():
-            return proxy_bypass_environment(host)
-        else:
-            return proxy_bypass_macosx_sysconf(host)
-
-    def getproxies():
-        return getproxies_environment() or getproxies_macosx_sysconf()
-
-elif os.name == 'nt':
-    def getproxies_registry():
-        """Return a dictionary of scheme -> proxy server URL mappings.
-
-        Win32 uses the registry to store proxies.
-
-        """
-        proxies = {}
-        try:
-            import winreg
-        except ImportError:
-            # Std module, so should be around - but you never know!
-            return proxies
-        try:
-            internetSettings = winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
-                r'Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings')
-            proxyEnable = winreg.QueryValueEx(internetSettings,
-                                              'ProxyEnable')[0]
-            if proxyEnable:
-                # Returned as Unicode but problems if not converted to ASCII
-                proxyServer = str(winreg.QueryValueEx(internetSettings,
-                                                      'ProxyServer')[0])
-                if '=' in proxyServer:
-                    # Per-protocol settings
-                    for p in proxyServer.split(';'):
-                        protocol, address = p.split('=', 1)
-                        # See if address has a type:// prefix
-                        import re
-                        if not re.match('^([^/:]+)://', address):
-                            address = '%s://%s' % (protocol, address)
-                        proxies[protocol] = address
-                else:
-                    # Use one setting for all protocols
-                    if proxyServer[:5] == 'http:':
-                        proxies['http'] = proxyServer
-                    else:
-                        proxies['http'] = 'http://%s' % proxyServer
-                        proxies['ftp'] = 'ftp://%s' % proxyServer
-            internetSettings.Close()
-        except (WindowsError, ValueError, TypeError):
-            # Either registry key not found etc, or the value in an
-            # unexpected format.
-            # proxies already set up to be empty so nothing to do
-            pass
-        return proxies
-
-    def getproxies():
-        """Return a dictionary of scheme -> proxy server URL mappings.
-
-        Returns settings gathered from the environment, if specified,
-        or the registry.
-
-        """
-        return getproxies_environment() or getproxies_registry()
-
-    def proxy_bypass_registry(host):
-        try:
-            import winreg
-            import re
-        except ImportError:
-            # Std modules, so should be around - but you never know!
-            return 0
-        try:
-            internetSettings = winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
-                r'Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings')
-            proxyEnable = winreg.QueryValueEx(internetSettings,
-                                              'ProxyEnable')[0]
-            proxyOverride = str(winreg.QueryValueEx(internetSettings,
-                                                    'ProxyOverride')[0])
-            # ^^^^ Returned as Unicode but problems if not converted to ASCII
-        except WindowsError:
-            return 0
-        if not proxyEnable or not proxyOverride:
-            return 0
-        # try to make a host list from name and IP address.
-        rawHost, port = splitport(host)
-        host = [rawHost]
-        try:
-            addr = socket.gethostbyname(rawHost)
-            if addr != rawHost:
-                host.append(addr)
-        except socket.error:
-            pass
-        try:
-            fqdn = socket.getfqdn(rawHost)
-            if fqdn != rawHost:
-                host.append(fqdn)
-        except socket.error:
-            pass
-        # make a check value list from the registry entry: replace the
-        # '<local>' string by the localhost entry and the corresponding
-        # canonical entry.
-        proxyOverride = proxyOverride.split(';')
-        i = 0
-        while i < len(proxyOverride):
-            if proxyOverride[i] == '<local>':
-                proxyOverride[i:i+1] = ['localhost',
-                                        '127.0.0.1',
-                                        socket.gethostname(),
-                                        socket.gethostbyname(
-                                            socket.gethostname())]
-            i += 1
-        # print proxyOverride
-        # now check if we match one of the registry values.
-        for test in proxyOverride:
-            test = test.replace(".", r"\.")     # mask dots
-            test = test.replace("*", r".*")     # change glob sequence
-            test = test.replace("?", r".")      # change glob char
-            for val in host:
-                # print "%s <--> %s" %( test, val )
-                if re.match(test, val, re.I):
-                    return 1
-        return 0
-
-    def proxy_bypass(host):
-        """Return a dictionary of scheme -> proxy server URL mappings.
-
-        Returns settings gathered from the environment, if specified,
-        or the registry.
-
-        """
-        if getproxies_environment():
-            return proxy_bypass_environment(host)
-        else:
-            return proxy_bypass_registry(host)
-
-else:
-    # By default use environment variables
-    getproxies = getproxies_environment
-    proxy_bypass = proxy_bypass_environment
-
-# Test and time quote() and unquote()
-def test1():
-    s = ''
-    for i in range(256): s = s + chr(i)
-    s = s*4
-    t0 = time.time()
-    qs = quote(s)
-    uqs = unquote(qs)
-    t1 = time.time()
-    if uqs != s:
-        print('Wrong!')
-    print(repr(s))
-    print(repr(qs))
-    print(repr(uqs))
-    print(round(t1 - t0, 3), 'sec')
-
-
-def reporthook(blocknum, blocksize, totalsize):
-    # Report during remote transfers
-    print("Block number: %d, Block size: %d, Total size: %d" % (
-        blocknum, blocksize, totalsize))
-
-# Test program
-def test(args=[]):
-    if not args:
-        args = [
-            '/etc/passwd',
-            'file:/etc/passwd',
-            'file://localhost/etc/passwd',
-            'ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/README',
-            'http://www.python.org/index.html',
-            ]
-        if hasattr(URLopener, "open_https"):
-            args.append('https://synergy.as.cmu.edu/~geek/')
-    try:
-        for url in args:
-            print('-'*10, url, '-'*10)
-            fn, h = urlretrieve(url, None, reporthook)
-            print(fn)
-            if h:
-                print('======')
-                for k in h.keys(): print(k + ':', h[k])
-                print('======')
-            fp = open(fn, 'rb')
-            data = fp.read()
-            del fp
-            data = data.replace("\r", "")
-            print(data)
-            fn, h = None, None
-        print('-'*40)
-    finally:
-        urlcleanup()
-
-def main():
-    import getopt, sys
-    try:
-        opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "th")
-    except getopt.error as msg:
-        print(msg)
-        print("Use -h for help")
-        return
-    t = 0
-    for o, a in opts:
-        if o == '-t':
-            t = t + 1
-        if o == '-h':
-            print("Usage: python urllib.py [-t] [url ...]")
-            print("-t runs self-test;", end=' ')
-            print("otherwise, contents of urls are printed")
-            return
-    if t:
-        if t > 1:
-            test1()
-        test(args)
-    else:
-        if not args:
-            print("Use -h for help")
-        for url in args:
-            print(urlopen(url).read(), end=' ')
-
-# Run test program when run as a script
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    main()