The third and final doc-string sweep by Ka-Ping Yee.

The attached patches update the standard library so that all modules
have docstrings beginning with one-line summaries.

A new docstring was added to formatter.  The docstring for os.py
was updated to mention nt, os2, ce in addition to posix, dos, mac.

1 files changed, 451 insertions, 448 deletions

diff --git a/Lib/wave.py b/Lib/wave.py
index aec9bdf..8bb9ff7 100644
--- a/Lib/wave.py
+++ b/Lib/wave.py
@@ -1,74 +1,75 @@
-# Stuff to parse WAVE files.
-#
-# Usage.
-#
-# Reading WAVE files:
-#	f = wave.open(file, 'r')
-# where file is either the name of a file or an open file pointer.
-# The open file pointer must have methods read(), seek(), and close().
-# When the setpos() and rewind() methods are not used, the seek()
-# method is not  necessary.
-#
-# This returns an instance of a class with the following public methods:
-#	getnchannels()	-- returns number of audio channels (1 for
-#			   mono, 2 for stereo)
-#	getsampwidth()	-- returns sample width in bytes
-#	getframerate()	-- returns sampling frequency
-#	getnframes()	-- returns number of audio frames
-#	getcomptype()	-- returns compression type ('NONE' for linear samples)
-#	getcompname()	-- returns human-readable version of
-#			   compression type ('not compressed' linear samples)
-#	getparams()	-- returns a tuple consisting of all of the
-#			   above in the above order
-#	getmarkers()	-- returns None (for compatibility with the
-#			   aifc module)
-#	getmark(id)	-- raises an error since the mark does not
-#			   exist (for compatibility with the aifc module)
-#	readframes(n)	-- returns at most n frames of audio
-#	rewind()	-- rewind to the beginning of the audio stream
-#	setpos(pos)	-- seek to the specified position
-#	tell()		-- return the current position
-#	close()		-- close the instance (make it unusable)
-# The position returned by tell() and the position given to setpos()
-# are compatible and have nothing to do with the actual postion in the
-# file.
-# The close() method is called automatically when the class instance
-# is destroyed.
-#
-# Writing WAVE files:
-#	f = wave.open(file, 'w')
-# where file is either the name of a file or an open file pointer.
-# The open file pointer must have methods write(), tell(), seek(), and
-# close().
-#
-# This returns an instance of a class with the following public methods:
-#	setnchannels(n)	-- set the number of channels
-#	setsampwidth(n)	-- set the sample width
-#	setframerate(n)	-- set the frame rate
-#	setnframes(n)	-- set the number of frames
-#	setcomptype(type, name)
-#			-- set the compression type and the
-#			   human-readable compression type
-#	setparams(tuple)
-#			-- set all parameters at once
-#	tell()		-- return current position in output file
-#	writeframesraw(data)
-#			-- write audio frames without pathing up the
-#			   file header
-#	writeframes(data)
-#			-- write audio frames and patch up the file header
-#	close()		-- patch up the file header and close the
-#			   output file
-# You should set the parameters before the first writeframesraw or
-# writeframes.  The total number of frames does not need to be set,
-# but when it is set to the correct value, the header does not have to
-# be patched up.
-# It is best to first set all parameters, perhaps possibly the
-# compression type, and then write audio frames using writeframesraw.
-# When all frames have been written, either call writeframes('') or
-# close() to patch up the sizes in the header.
-# The close() method is called automatically when the class instance
-# is destroyed.
+"""Stuff to parse WAVE files.
+
+Usage.
+
+Reading WAVE files:
+      f = wave.open(file, 'r')
+where file is either the name of a file or an open file pointer.
+The open file pointer must have methods read(), seek(), and close().
+When the setpos() and rewind() methods are not used, the seek()
+method is not  necessary.
+
+This returns an instance of a class with the following public methods:
+      getnchannels()  -- returns number of audio channels (1 for
+                         mono, 2 for stereo)
+      getsampwidth()  -- returns sample width in bytes
+      getframerate()  -- returns sampling frequency
+      getnframes()    -- returns number of audio frames
+      getcomptype()   -- returns compression type ('NONE' for linear samples)
+      getcompname()   -- returns human-readable version of
+                         compression type ('not compressed' linear samples)
+      getparams()     -- returns a tuple consisting of all of the
+                         above in the above order
+      getmarkers()    -- returns None (for compatibility with the
+                         aifc module)
+      getmark(id)     -- raises an error since the mark does not
+                         exist (for compatibility with the aifc module)
+      readframes(n)   -- returns at most n frames of audio
+      rewind()        -- rewind to the beginning of the audio stream
+      setpos(pos)     -- seek to the specified position
+      tell()          -- return the current position
+      close()         -- close the instance (make it unusable)
+The position returned by tell() and the position given to setpos()
+are compatible and have nothing to do with the actual postion in the
+file.
+The close() method is called automatically when the class instance
+is destroyed.
+
+Writing WAVE files:
+      f = wave.open(file, 'w')
+where file is either the name of a file or an open file pointer.
+The open file pointer must have methods write(), tell(), seek(), and
+close().
+
+This returns an instance of a class with the following public methods:
+      setnchannels(n) -- set the number of channels
+      setsampwidth(n) -- set the sample width
+      setframerate(n) -- set the frame rate
+      setnframes(n)   -- set the number of frames
+      setcomptype(type, name)
+                      -- set the compression type and the
+                         human-readable compression type
+      setparams(tuple)
+                      -- set all parameters at once
+      tell()          -- return current position in output file
+      writeframesraw(data)
+                      -- write audio frames without pathing up the
+                         file header
+      writeframes(data)
+                      -- write audio frames and patch up the file header
+      close()         -- patch up the file header and close the
+                         output file
+You should set the parameters before the first writeframesraw or
+writeframes.  The total number of frames does not need to be set,
+but when it is set to the correct value, the header does not have to
+be patched up.
+It is best to first set all parameters, perhaps possibly the
+compression type, and then write audio frames using writeframesraw.
+When all frames have been written, either call writeframes('') or
+close() to patch up the sizes in the header.
+The close() method is called automatically when the class instance
+is destroyed.
+"""
 
 import __builtin__
 
@@ -81,391 +82,393 @@ _array_fmts = None, 'b', 'h', None, 'l'
 # Determine endian-ness
 import struct
 if struct.pack("h", 1) == "\000\001":
-	big_endian = 1
+    big_endian = 1
 else:
-	big_endian = 0
+    big_endian = 0
 
 from chunk import Chunk
 
 class Wave_read:
-	# Variables used in this class:
-	#
-	# These variables are available to the user though appropriate
-	# methods of this class:
-	# _file -- the open file with methods read(), close(), and seek()
-	#		set through the __init__() method
-	# _nchannels -- the number of audio channels
-	#		available through the getnchannels() method
-	# _nframes -- the number of audio frames
-	#		available through the getnframes() method
-	# _sampwidth -- the number of bytes per audio sample
-	#		available through the getsampwidth() method
-	# _framerate -- the sampling frequency
-	#		available through the getframerate() method
-	# _comptype -- the AIFF-C compression type ('NONE' if AIFF)
-	#		available through the getcomptype() method
-	# _compname -- the human-readable AIFF-C compression type
-	#		available through the getcomptype() method
-	# _soundpos -- the position in the audio stream
-	#		available through the tell() method, set through the
-	#		setpos() method
-	#
-	# These variables are used internally only:
-	# _fmt_chunk_read -- 1 iff the FMT chunk has been read
-	# _data_seek_needed -- 1 iff positioned correctly in audio
-	#		file for readframes()
-	# _data_chunk -- instantiation of a chunk class for the DATA chunk
-	# _framesize -- size of one frame in the file
-
-	def initfp(self, file):
-		self._convert = None
-		self._soundpos = 0
-		self._file = Chunk(file, bigendian = 0)
-		if self._file.getname() != 'RIFF':
-			raise Error, 'file does not start with RIFF id'
-		if self._file.read(4) != 'WAVE':
-			raise Error, 'not a WAVE file'
-		self._fmt_chunk_read = 0
-		self._data_chunk = None
-		while 1:
-			self._data_seek_needed = 1
-			try:
-				chunk = Chunk(self._file, bigendian = 0)
-			except EOFError:
-				break
-			chunkname = chunk.getname()
-			if chunkname == 'fmt ':
-				self._read_fmt_chunk(chunk)
-				self._fmt_chunk_read = 1
-			elif chunkname == 'data':
-				if not self._fmt_chunk_read:
-					raise Error, 'data chunk before fmt chunk'
-				self._data_chunk = chunk
-				self._nframes = chunk.chunksize / self._framesize
-				self._data_seek_needed = 0
-				break
-			chunk.skip()
-		if not self._fmt_chunk_read or not self._data_chunk:
-			raise Error, 'fmt chunk and/or data chunk missing'
-
-	def __init__(self, f):
-		if type(f) == type(''):
-			f = __builtin__.open(f, 'rb')
-		# else, assume it is an open file object already
-		self.initfp(f)
-
-	#
-	# User visible methods.
-	#
-	def getfp(self):
-		return self._file
-
-	def rewind(self):
-		self._data_seek_needed = 1
-		self._soundpos = 0
-
-	def close(self):
-		self._file = None
-
-	def tell(self):
-		return self._soundpos
-
-	def getnchannels(self):
-		return self._nchannels
-
-	def getnframes(self):
-		return self._nframes
-
-	def getsampwidth(self):
-		return self._sampwidth
-
-	def getframerate(self):
-		return self._framerate
-
-	def getcomptype(self):
-		return self._comptype
-
-	def getcompname(self):
-		return self._compname
-
-	def getparams(self):
-		return self.getnchannels(), self.getsampwidth(), \
-			  self.getframerate(), self.getnframes(), \
-			  self.getcomptype(), self.getcompname()
-
-	def getmarkers(self):
-		return None
-
-	def getmark(self, id):
-		raise Error, 'no marks'
-
-	def setpos(self, pos):
-		if pos < 0 or pos > self._nframes:
-			raise Error, 'position not in range'
-		self._soundpos = pos
-		self._data_seek_needed = 1
-
-	def readframes(self, nframes):
-		if self._data_seek_needed:
-			self._data_chunk.seek(0, 0)
-			pos = self._soundpos * self._framesize
-			if pos:
-				self._data_chunk.seek(pos, 0)
-			self._data_seek_needed = 0
-		if nframes == 0:
-			return ''
-		if self._sampwidth > 1 and big_endian:
-			# unfortunately the fromfile() method does not take
-			# something that only looks like a file object, so
-			# we have to reach into the innards of the chunk object
-			import array
-			chunk = self._data_chunk
-			data = array.array(_array_fmts[self._sampwidth])
-			nitems = nframes * self._nchannels
-			if nitems * self._sampwidth > chunk.chunksize - chunk.size_read:
-				nitems = (chunk.chunksize - chunk.size_read) / self._sampwidth
-			data.fromfile(chunk.file.file, nitems)
-			# "tell" data chunk how much was read
-			chunk.size_read = chunk.size_read + nitems * self._sampwidth
-			# do the same for the outermost chunk
-			chunk = chunk.file
-			chunk.size_read = chunk.size_read + nitems * self._sampwidth
-			data.byteswap()
-			data = data.tostring()
-		else:
-			data = self._data_chunk.read(nframes * self._framesize)
-		if self._convert and data:
-			data = self._convert(data)
-		self._soundpos = self._soundpos + len(data) / (self._nchannels * self._sampwidth)
-		return data
-
-	#
-	# Internal methods.
-	#
-
-	def _read_fmt_chunk(self, chunk):
-		wFormatTag, self._nchannels, self._framerate, dwAvgBytesPerSec, wBlockAlign = struct.unpack('<hhllh', chunk.read(14))
-		if wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_PCM:
-			sampwidth = struct.unpack('<h', chunk.read(2))[0]
-			self._sampwidth = (sampwidth + 7) / 8
-		else:
-			raise Error, 'unknown format: ' + `wFormatTag`
-		self._framesize = self._nchannels * self._sampwidth
-		self._comptype = 'NONE'
-		self._compname = 'not compressed'
+    """Variables used in this class:
+
+    These variables are available to the user though appropriate
+    methods of this class:
+    _file -- the open file with methods read(), close(), and seek()
+              set through the __init__() method
+    _nchannels -- the number of audio channels
+              available through the getnchannels() method
+    _nframes -- the number of audio frames
+              available through the getnframes() method
+    _sampwidth -- the number of bytes per audio sample
+              available through the getsampwidth() method
+    _framerate -- the sampling frequency
+              available through the getframerate() method
+    _comptype -- the AIFF-C compression type ('NONE' if AIFF)
+              available through the getcomptype() method
+    _compname -- the human-readable AIFF-C compression type
+              available through the getcomptype() method
+    _soundpos -- the position in the audio stream
+              available through the tell() method, set through the
+              setpos() method
+
+    These variables are used internally only:
+    _fmt_chunk_read -- 1 iff the FMT chunk has been read
+    _data_seek_needed -- 1 iff positioned correctly in audio
+              file for readframes()
+    _data_chunk -- instantiation of a chunk class for the DATA chunk
+    _framesize -- size of one frame in the file
+    """
+
+    def initfp(self, file):
+        self._convert = None
+        self._soundpos = 0
+        self._file = Chunk(file, bigendian = 0)
+        if self._file.getname() != 'RIFF':
+            raise Error, 'file does not start with RIFF id'
+        if self._file.read(4) != 'WAVE':
+            raise Error, 'not a WAVE file'
+        self._fmt_chunk_read = 0
+        self._data_chunk = None
+        while 1:
+            self._data_seek_needed = 1
+            try:
+                chunk = Chunk(self._file, bigendian = 0)
+            except EOFError:
+                break
+            chunkname = chunk.getname()
+            if chunkname == 'fmt ':
+                self._read_fmt_chunk(chunk)
+                self._fmt_chunk_read = 1
+            elif chunkname == 'data':
+                if not self._fmt_chunk_read:
+                    raise Error, 'data chunk before fmt chunk'
+                self._data_chunk = chunk
+                self._nframes = chunk.chunksize / self._framesize
+                self._data_seek_needed = 0
+                break
+            chunk.skip()
+        if not self._fmt_chunk_read or not self._data_chunk:
+            raise Error, 'fmt chunk and/or data chunk missing'
+
+    def __init__(self, f):
+        if type(f) == type(''):
+            f = __builtin__.open(f, 'rb')
+        # else, assume it is an open file object already
+        self.initfp(f)
+
+    #
+    # User visible methods.
+    #
+    def getfp(self):
+        return self._file
+
+    def rewind(self):
+        self._data_seek_needed = 1
+        self._soundpos = 0
+
+    def close(self):
+        self._file = None
+
+    def tell(self):
+        return self._soundpos
+
+    def getnchannels(self):
+        return self._nchannels
+
+    def getnframes(self):
+        return self._nframes
+
+    def getsampwidth(self):
+        return self._sampwidth
+
+    def getframerate(self):
+        return self._framerate
+
+    def getcomptype(self):
+        return self._comptype
+
+    def getcompname(self):
+        return self._compname
+
+    def getparams(self):
+        return self.getnchannels(), self.getsampwidth(), \
+               self.getframerate(), self.getnframes(), \
+               self.getcomptype(), self.getcompname()
+
+    def getmarkers(self):
+        return None
+
+    def getmark(self, id):
+        raise Error, 'no marks'
+
+    def setpos(self, pos):
+        if pos < 0 or pos > self._nframes:
+            raise Error, 'position not in range'
+        self._soundpos = pos
+        self._data_seek_needed = 1
+
+    def readframes(self, nframes):
+        if self._data_seek_needed:
+            self._data_chunk.seek(0, 0)
+            pos = self._soundpos * self._framesize
+            if pos:
+                self._data_chunk.seek(pos, 0)
+            self._data_seek_needed = 0
+        if nframes == 0:
+            return ''
+        if self._sampwidth > 1 and big_endian:
+            # unfortunately the fromfile() method does not take
+            # something that only looks like a file object, so
+            # we have to reach into the innards of the chunk object
+            import array
+            chunk = self._data_chunk
+            data = array.array(_array_fmts[self._sampwidth])
+            nitems = nframes * self._nchannels
+            if nitems * self._sampwidth > chunk.chunksize - chunk.size_read:
+                nitems = (chunk.chunksize - chunk.size_read) / self._sampwidth
+            data.fromfile(chunk.file.file, nitems)
+            # "tell" data chunk how much was read
+            chunk.size_read = chunk.size_read + nitems * self._sampwidth
+            # do the same for the outermost chunk
+            chunk = chunk.file
+            chunk.size_read = chunk.size_read + nitems * self._sampwidth
+            data.byteswap()
+            data = data.tostring()
+        else:
+            data = self._data_chunk.read(nframes * self._framesize)
+        if self._convert and data:
+            data = self._convert(data)
+        self._soundpos = self._soundpos + len(data) / (self._nchannels * self._sampwidth)
+        return data
+
+    #
+    # Internal methods.
+    #
+
+    def _read_fmt_chunk(self, chunk):
+        wFormatTag, self._nchannels, self._framerate, dwAvgBytesPerSec, wBlockAlign = struct.unpack('<hhllh', chunk.read(14))
+        if wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_PCM:
+            sampwidth = struct.unpack('<h', chunk.read(2))[0]
+            self._sampwidth = (sampwidth + 7) / 8
+        else:
+            raise Error, 'unknown format: ' + `wFormatTag`
+        self._framesize = self._nchannels * self._sampwidth
+        self._comptype = 'NONE'
+        self._compname = 'not compressed'
 
 class Wave_write:
-	# Variables used in this class:
-	#
-	# These variables are user settable through appropriate methods
-	# of this class:
-	# _file -- the open file with methods write(), close(), tell(), seek()
-	#		set through the __init__() method
-	# _comptype -- the AIFF-C compression type ('NONE' in AIFF)
-	#		set through the setcomptype() or setparams() method
-	# _compname -- the human-readable AIFF-C compression type
-	#		set through the setcomptype() or setparams() method
-	# _nchannels -- the number of audio channels
-	#		set through the setnchannels() or setparams() method
-	# _sampwidth -- the number of bytes per audio sample
-	#		set through the setsampwidth() or setparams() method
-	# _framerate -- the sampling frequency
-	#		set through the setframerate() or setparams() method
-	# _nframes -- the number of audio frames written to the header
-	#		set through the setnframes() or setparams() method
-	#
-	# These variables are used internally only:
-	# _datalength -- the size of the audio samples written to the header
-	# _nframeswritten -- the number of frames actually written
-	# _datawritten -- the size of the audio samples actually written
-
-	def __init__(self, f):
-		if type(f) == type(''):
-			f = __builtin__.open(f, 'wb')
-		self.initfp(f)
-
-	def initfp(self, file):
-		self._file = file
-		self._convert = None
-		self._nchannels = 0
-		self._sampwidth = 0
-		self._framerate = 0
-		self._nframes = 0
-		self._nframeswritten = 0
-		self._datawritten = 0
-		self._datalength = 0
-
-	def __del__(self):
-		if self._file:
-			self.close()
-
-	#
-	# User visible methods.
-	#
-	def setnchannels(self, nchannels):
-		if self._datawritten:
-			raise Error, 'cannot change parameters after starting to write'
-		if nchannels < 1:
-			raise Error, 'bad # of channels'
-		self._nchannels = nchannels
-
-	def getnchannels(self):
-		if not self._nchannels:
-			raise Error, 'number of channels not set'
-		return self._nchannels
-
-	def setsampwidth(self, sampwidth):
-		if self._datawritten:
-			raise Error, 'cannot change parameters after starting to write'
-		if sampwidth < 1 or sampwidth > 4:
-			raise Error, 'bad sample width'
-		self._sampwidth = sampwidth
-
-	def getsampwidth(self):
-		if not self._sampwidth:
-			raise Error, 'sample width not set'
-		return self._sampwidth
-
-	def setframerate(self, framerate):
-		if self._datawritten:
-			raise Error, 'cannot change parameters after starting to write'
-		if framerate <= 0:
-			raise Error, 'bad frame rate'
-		self._framerate = framerate
-
-	def getframerate(self):
-		if not self._framerate:
-			raise Error, 'frame rate not set'
-		return self._framerate
-
-	def setnframes(self, nframes):
-		if self._datawritten:
-			raise Error, 'cannot change parameters after starting to write'
-		self._nframes = nframes
-
-	def getnframes(self):
-		return self._nframeswritten
-
-	def setcomptype(self, comptype, compname):
-		if self._datawritten:
-			raise Error, 'cannot change parameters after starting to write'
-		if comptype not in ('NONE',):
-			raise Error, 'unsupported compression type'
-		self._comptype = comptype
-		self._compname = compname
-
-	def getcomptype(self):
-		return self._comptype
-
-	def getcompname(self):
-		return self._compname
-
-	def setparams(self, (nchannels, sampwidth, framerate, nframes, comptype, compname)):
-		if self._datawritten:
-			raise Error, 'cannot change parameters after starting to write'
-		self.setnchannels(nchannels)
-		self.setsampwidth(sampwidth)
-		self.setframerate(framerate)
-		self.setnframes(nframes)
-		self.setcomptype(comptype, compname)
-
-	def getparams(self):
-		if not self._nchannels or not self._sampwidth or not self._framerate:
-			raise Error, 'not all parameters set'
-		return self._nchannels, self._sampwidth, self._framerate, \
-			  self._nframes, self._comptype, self._compname
-
-	def setmark(self, id, pos, name):
-		raise Error, 'setmark() not supported'
-
-	def getmark(self, id):
-		raise Error, 'no marks'
-
-	def getmarkers(self):
-		return None
-				
-	def tell(self):
-		return self._nframeswritten
-
-	def writeframesraw(self, data):
-		self._ensure_header_written(len(data))
-		nframes = len(data) / (self._sampwidth * self._nchannels)
-		if self._convert:
-			data = self._convert(data)
-		if self._sampwidth > 1 and big_endian:
-			import array
-			data = array.array(_array_fmts[self._sampwidth], data)
-			data.byteswap()
-			data.tofile(self._file)
-			self._datawritten = self._datawritten + len(data) * self._sampwidth
-		else:
-			self._file.write(data)
-			self._datawritten = self._datawritten + len(data)
-		self._nframeswritten = self._nframeswritten + nframes
-
-	def writeframes(self, data):
-		self.writeframesraw(data)
-		if self._datalength != self._datawritten:
-			self._patchheader()
-
-	def close(self):
-		self._ensure_header_written(0)
-		if self._datalength != self._datawritten:
-			self._patchheader()
-		self._file.flush()
-		self._file = None
-
-	#
-	# Internal methods.
-	#
-
-	def _ensure_header_written(self, datasize):
-		if not self._datawritten:
-			if not self._nchannels:
-				raise Error, '# channels not specified'
-			if not self._sampwidth:
-				raise Error, 'sample width not specified'
-			if not self._framerate:
-				raise Error, 'sampling rate not specified'
-			self._write_header(datasize)
-
-	def _write_header(self, initlength):
-		self._file.write('RIFF')
-		if not self._nframes:
-			self._nframes = initlength / (self._nchannels * self._sampwidth)
-		self._datalength = self._nframes * self._nchannels * self._sampwidth
-		self._form_length_pos = self._file.tell()
-		self._file.write(struct.pack('<lsslhhllhhs',
-			36 + self._datalength, 'WAVE', 'fmt ', 16,
-			WAVE_FORMAT_PCM, self._nchannels, self._framerate,
-			self._nchannels * self._framerate * self._sampwidth,
-			self._nchannels * self._sampwidth,
-			self._sampwidth * 8, 'data'))
-		self._data_length_pos = self._file.tell()
-		self._file.write(struct.pack('<l', self._datalength))
-
-	def _patchheader(self):
-		if self._datawritten == self._datalength:
-			return
-		curpos = self._file.tell()
-		self._file.seek(self._form_length_pos, 0)
-		self._file.write(struct.pack('<l', 36 + self._datawritten))
-		self._file.seek(self._data_length_pos, 0)
-		self._file.write(struct.pack('<l', self._datawritten))
-		self._file.seek(curpos, 0)
-		self._datalength = self._datawritten
+    """Variables used in this class:
+
+    These variables are user settable through appropriate methods
+    of this class:
+    _file -- the open file with methods write(), close(), tell(), seek()
+              set through the __init__() method
+    _comptype -- the AIFF-C compression type ('NONE' in AIFF)
+              set through the setcomptype() or setparams() method
+    _compname -- the human-readable AIFF-C compression type
+              set through the setcomptype() or setparams() method
+    _nchannels -- the number of audio channels
+              set through the setnchannels() or setparams() method
+    _sampwidth -- the number of bytes per audio sample
+              set through the setsampwidth() or setparams() method
+    _framerate -- the sampling frequency
+              set through the setframerate() or setparams() method
+    _nframes -- the number of audio frames written to the header
+              set through the setnframes() or setparams() method
+
+    These variables are used internally only:
+    _datalength -- the size of the audio samples written to the header
+    _nframeswritten -- the number of frames actually written
+    _datawritten -- the size of the audio samples actually written
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, f):
+        if type(f) == type(''):
+            f = __builtin__.open(f, 'wb')
+        self.initfp(f)
+
+    def initfp(self, file):
+        self._file = file
+        self._convert = None
+        self._nchannels = 0
+        self._sampwidth = 0
+        self._framerate = 0
+        self._nframes = 0
+        self._nframeswritten = 0
+        self._datawritten = 0
+        self._datalength = 0
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        if self._file:
+            self.close()
+
+    #
+    # User visible methods.
+    #
+    def setnchannels(self, nchannels):
+        if self._datawritten:
+            raise Error, 'cannot change parameters after starting to write'
+        if nchannels < 1:
+            raise Error, 'bad # of channels'
+        self._nchannels = nchannels
+
+    def getnchannels(self):
+        if not self._nchannels:
+            raise Error, 'number of channels not set'
+        return self._nchannels
+
+    def setsampwidth(self, sampwidth):
+        if self._datawritten:
+            raise Error, 'cannot change parameters after starting to write'
+        if sampwidth < 1 or sampwidth > 4:
+            raise Error, 'bad sample width'
+        self._sampwidth = sampwidth
+
+    def getsampwidth(self):
+        if not self._sampwidth:
+            raise Error, 'sample width not set'
+        return self._sampwidth
+
+    def setframerate(self, framerate):
+        if self._datawritten:
+            raise Error, 'cannot change parameters after starting to write'
+        if framerate <= 0:
+            raise Error, 'bad frame rate'
+        self._framerate = framerate
+
+    def getframerate(self):
+        if not self._framerate:
+            raise Error, 'frame rate not set'
+        return self._framerate
+
+    def setnframes(self, nframes):
+        if self._datawritten:
+            raise Error, 'cannot change parameters after starting to write'
+        self._nframes = nframes
+
+    def getnframes(self):
+        return self._nframeswritten
+
+    def setcomptype(self, comptype, compname):
+        if self._datawritten:
+            raise Error, 'cannot change parameters after starting to write'
+        if comptype not in ('NONE',):
+            raise Error, 'unsupported compression type'
+        self._comptype = comptype
+        self._compname = compname
+
+    def getcomptype(self):
+        return self._comptype
+
+    def getcompname(self):
+        return self._compname
+
+    def setparams(self, (nchannels, sampwidth, framerate, nframes, comptype, compname)):
+        if self._datawritten:
+            raise Error, 'cannot change parameters after starting to write'
+        self.setnchannels(nchannels)
+        self.setsampwidth(sampwidth)
+        self.setframerate(framerate)
+        self.setnframes(nframes)
+        self.setcomptype(comptype, compname)
+
+    def getparams(self):
+        if not self._nchannels or not self._sampwidth or not self._framerate:
+            raise Error, 'not all parameters set'
+        return self._nchannels, self._sampwidth, self._framerate, \
+              self._nframes, self._comptype, self._compname
+
+    def setmark(self, id, pos, name):
+        raise Error, 'setmark() not supported'
+
+    def getmark(self, id):
+        raise Error, 'no marks'
+
+    def getmarkers(self):
+        return None
+                
+    def tell(self):
+        return self._nframeswritten
+
+    def writeframesraw(self, data):
+        self._ensure_header_written(len(data))
+        nframes = len(data) / (self._sampwidth * self._nchannels)
+        if self._convert:
+            data = self._convert(data)
+        if self._sampwidth > 1 and big_endian:
+            import array
+            data = array.array(_array_fmts[self._sampwidth], data)
+            data.byteswap()
+            data.tofile(self._file)
+            self._datawritten = self._datawritten + len(data) * self._sampwidth
+        else:
+            self._file.write(data)
+            self._datawritten = self._datawritten + len(data)
+        self._nframeswritten = self._nframeswritten + nframes
+
+    def writeframes(self, data):
+        self.writeframesraw(data)
+        if self._datalength != self._datawritten:
+            self._patchheader()
+
+    def close(self):
+        self._ensure_header_written(0)
+        if self._datalength != self._datawritten:
+            self._patchheader()
+        self._file.flush()
+        self._file = None
+
+    #
+    # Internal methods.
+    #
+
+    def _ensure_header_written(self, datasize):
+        if not self._datawritten:
+            if not self._nchannels:
+                raise Error, '# channels not specified'
+            if not self._sampwidth:
+                raise Error, 'sample width not specified'
+            if not self._framerate:
+                raise Error, 'sampling rate not specified'
+            self._write_header(datasize)
+
+    def _write_header(self, initlength):
+        self._file.write('RIFF')
+        if not self._nframes:
+            self._nframes = initlength / (self._nchannels * self._sampwidth)
+        self._datalength = self._nframes * self._nchannels * self._sampwidth
+        self._form_length_pos = self._file.tell()
+        self._file.write(struct.pack('<lsslhhllhhs',
+            36 + self._datalength, 'WAVE', 'fmt ', 16,
+            WAVE_FORMAT_PCM, self._nchannels, self._framerate,
+            self._nchannels * self._framerate * self._sampwidth,
+            self._nchannels * self._sampwidth,
+            self._sampwidth * 8, 'data'))
+        self._data_length_pos = self._file.tell()
+        self._file.write(struct.pack('<l', self._datalength))
+
+    def _patchheader(self):
+        if self._datawritten == self._datalength:
+            return
+        curpos = self._file.tell()
+        self._file.seek(self._form_length_pos, 0)
+        self._file.write(struct.pack('<l', 36 + self._datawritten))
+        self._file.seek(self._data_length_pos, 0)
+        self._file.write(struct.pack('<l', self._datawritten))
+        self._file.seek(curpos, 0)
+        self._datalength = self._datawritten
 
 def open(f, mode=None):
-	if mode is None:
-		if hasattr(f, 'mode'):
-			mode = f.mode
-		else:
-			mode = 'rb'
-	if mode in ('r', 'rb'):
-		return Wave_read(f)
-	elif mode in ('w', 'wb'):
-		return Wave_write(f)
-	else:
-		raise Error, "mode must be 'r', 'rb', 'w', or 'wb'"
+    if mode is None:
+        if hasattr(f, 'mode'):
+            mode = f.mode
+        else:
+            mode = 'rb'
+    if mode in ('r', 'rb'):
+        return Wave_read(f)
+    elif mode in ('w', 'wb'):
+        return Wave_write(f)
+    else:
+        raise Error, "mode must be 'r', 'rb', 'w', or 'wb'"
 
 openfp = open # B/W compatibility