Python 3.11.0a3v3.11.0a3

1 files changed, 508 insertions, 322 deletions

diff --git a/Lib/pydoc_data/topics.py b/Lib/pydoc_data/topics.py
index 78555cd..e31d2d8 100644
--- a/Lib/pydoc_data/topics.py
+++ b/Lib/pydoc_data/topics.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Autogenerated by Sphinx on Fri Nov  5 19:03:45 2021
+# Autogenerated by Sphinx on Wed Dec  8 22:23:59 2021
 topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
            '**********************\n'
            '\n'
@@ -1003,14 +1003,12 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                      '   "A.__dict__[\'x\'].__get__(None, A)".\n'
                      '\n'
                      'Super Binding\n'
-                     '   If "a" is an instance of "super", then the binding '
-                     '"super(B,\n'
-                     '   obj).m()" searches "obj.__class__.__mro__" for the '
-                     'base class "A"\n'
-                     '   immediately preceding "B" and then invokes the '
-                     'descriptor with the\n'
-                     '   call: "A.__dict__[\'m\'].__get__(obj, '
-                     'obj.__class__)".\n'
+                     '   A dotted lookup such as "super(A, a).x" searches\n'
+                     '   "a.__class__.__mro__" for a base class "B" following '
+                     '"A" and then\n'
+                     '   returns "B.__dict__[\'x\'].__get__(a, A)".  If not a '
+                     'descriptor, "x"\n'
+                     '   is returned unchanged.\n'
                      '\n'
                      'For instance bindings, the precedence of descriptor '
                      'invocation depends\n'
@@ -1038,14 +1036,15 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                      'can be\n'
                      'overridden by instances.\n'
                      '\n'
-                     'Python methods (including "staticmethod()" and '
-                     '"classmethod()") are\n'
-                     'implemented as non-data descriptors.  Accordingly, '
-                     'instances can\n'
-                     'redefine and override methods.  This allows individual '
-                     'instances to\n'
-                     'acquire behaviors that differ from other instances of '
-                     'the same class.\n'
+                     'Python methods (including those decorated with '
+                     '"@staticmethod" and\n'
+                     '"@classmethod") are implemented as non-data '
+                     'descriptors.  Accordingly,\n'
+                     'instances can redefine and override methods.  This '
+                     'allows individual\n'
+                     'instances to acquire behaviors that differ from other '
+                     'instances of the\n'
+                     'same class.\n'
                      '\n'
                      'The "property()" function is implemented as a data '
                      'descriptor.\n'
@@ -1058,12 +1057,12 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                      '\n'
                      '*__slots__* allow us to explicitly declare data members '
                      '(like\n'
-                     'properties) and deny the creation of *__dict__* and '
+                     'properties) and deny the creation of "__dict__" and '
                      '*__weakref__*\n'
                      '(unless explicitly declared in *__slots__* or available '
                      'in a parent.)\n'
                      '\n'
-                     'The space saved over using *__dict__* can be '
+                     'The space saved over using "__dict__" can be '
                      'significant. Attribute\n'
                      'lookup speed can be significantly improved as well.\n'
                      '\n'
@@ -1075,7 +1074,7 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                      '*__slots__*\n'
                      '   reserves space for the declared variables and '
                      'prevents the\n'
-                     '   automatic creation of *__dict__* and *__weakref__* '
+                     '   automatic creation of "__dict__" and *__weakref__* '
                      'for each\n'
                      '   instance.\n'
                      '\n'
@@ -1084,11 +1083,11 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                      '--------------------------\n'
                      '\n'
                      '* When inheriting from a class without *__slots__*, the '
-                     '*__dict__* and\n'
+                     '"__dict__" and\n'
                      '  *__weakref__* attribute of the instances will always '
                      'be accessible.\n'
                      '\n'
-                     '* Without a *__dict__* variable, instances cannot be '
+                     '* Without a "__dict__" variable, instances cannot be '
                      'assigned new\n'
                      '  variables not listed in the *__slots__* definition.  '
                      'Attempts to\n'
@@ -1102,28 +1101,28 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                      '\n'
                      '* Without a *__weakref__* variable for each instance, '
                      'classes defining\n'
-                     '  *__slots__* do not support weak references to its '
-                     'instances. If weak\n'
-                     '  reference support is needed, then add '
+                     '  *__slots__* do not support "weak references" to its '
+                     'instances. If\n'
+                     '  weak reference support is needed, then add '
                      '"\'__weakref__\'" to the\n'
                      '  sequence of strings in the *__slots__* declaration.\n'
                      '\n'
                      '* *__slots__* are implemented at the class level by '
                      'creating\n'
-                     '  descriptors (Implementing Descriptors) for each '
-                     'variable name.  As a\n'
-                     '  result, class attributes cannot be used to set default '
-                     'values for\n'
-                     '  instance variables defined by *__slots__*; otherwise, '
-                     'the class\n'
-                     '  attribute would overwrite the descriptor assignment.\n'
+                     '  descriptors for each variable name.  As a result, '
+                     'class attributes\n'
+                     '  cannot be used to set default values for instance '
+                     'variables defined\n'
+                     '  by *__slots__*; otherwise, the class attribute would '
+                     'overwrite the\n'
+                     '  descriptor assignment.\n'
                      '\n'
                      '* The action of a *__slots__* declaration is not limited '
                      'to the class\n'
                      '  where it is defined.  *__slots__* declared in parents '
                      'are available\n'
                      '  in child classes. However, child subclasses will get a '
-                     '*__dict__*\n'
+                     '"__dict__"\n'
                      '  and *__weakref__* unless they also define *__slots__* '
                      '(which should\n'
                      '  only contain names of any *additional* slots).\n'
@@ -1149,7 +1148,7 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                      'may be\n'
                      '  assigned to the values corresponding to each key.\n'
                      '\n'
-                     '* *__class__* assignment works only if both classes have '
+                     '* "__class__" assignment works only if both classes have '
                      'the same\n'
                      '  *__slots__*.\n'
                      '\n'
@@ -1161,10 +1160,10 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                      'violations\n'
                      '  raise "TypeError".\n'
                      '\n'
-                     '* If an iterator is used for *__slots__* then a '
-                     'descriptor is created\n'
-                     '  for each of the iterator’s values. However, the '
-                     '*__slots__*\n'
+                     '* If an *iterator* is used for *__slots__* then a '
+                     '*descriptor* is\n'
+                     '  created for each of the iterator’s values. However, '
+                     'the *__slots__*\n'
                      '  attribute will be an empty iterator.\n',
  'attribute-references': 'Attribute references\n'
                          '********************\n'
@@ -1581,25 +1580,24 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
           'parameter name, the first slot is used, and so on).  If the slot '
           'is\n'
           'already filled, a "TypeError" exception is raised. Otherwise, the\n'
-          'value of the argument is placed in the slot, filling it (even if '
-          'the\n'
-          'expression is "None", it fills the slot).  When all arguments have\n'
-          'been processed, the slots that are still unfilled are filled with '
-          'the\n'
-          'corresponding default value from the function definition.  '
-          '(Default\n'
-          'values are calculated, once, when the function is defined; thus, a\n'
-          'mutable object such as a list or dictionary used as default value '
-          'will\n'
-          'be shared by all calls that don’t specify an argument value for '
-          'the\n'
-          'corresponding slot; this should usually be avoided.)  If there are '
-          'any\n'
-          'unfilled slots for which no default value is specified, a '
-          '"TypeError"\n'
-          'exception is raised.  Otherwise, the list of filled slots is used '
-          'as\n'
-          'the argument list for the call.\n'
+          'argument is placed in the slot, filling it (even if the expression '
+          'is\n'
+          '"None", it fills the slot).  When all arguments have been '
+          'processed,\n'
+          'the slots that are still unfilled are filled with the '
+          'corresponding\n'
+          'default value from the function definition.  (Default values are\n'
+          'calculated, once, when the function is defined; thus, a mutable '
+          'object\n'
+          'such as a list or dictionary used as default value will be shared '
+          'by\n'
+          'all calls that don’t specify an argument value for the '
+          'corresponding\n'
+          'slot; this should usually be avoided.)  If there are any unfilled\n'
+          'slots for which no default value is specified, a "TypeError" '
+          'exception\n'
+          'is raised.  Otherwise, the list of filled slots is used as the\n'
+          'argument list for the call.\n'
           '\n'
           '**CPython implementation detail:** An implementation may provide\n'
           'built-in functions whose positional parameters do not have names, '
@@ -1666,7 +1664,7 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
           'syntax\n'
           'to be used in the same call, so in practice this confusion does '
           'not\n'
-          'arise.\n'
+          'often arise.\n'
           '\n'
           'If the syntax "**expression" appears in the function call,\n'
           '"expression" must evaluate to a *mapping*, the contents of which '
@@ -5493,20 +5491,32 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
               'binding\n'
               'operations.\n'
               '\n'
-              'The following constructs bind names: formal parameters to '
-              'functions,\n'
-              '"import" statements, class and function definitions (these bind '
-              'the\n'
-              'class or function name in the defining block), and targets that '
-              'are\n'
-              'identifiers if occurring in an assignment, "for" loop header, '
-              'or after\n'
-              '"as" in a "with" statement or "except" clause. The "import" '
-              'statement\n'
-              'of the form "from ... import *" binds all names defined in the\n'
-              'imported module, except those beginning with an underscore.  '
-              'This form\n'
-              'may only be used at the module level.\n'
+              'The following constructs bind names:\n'
+              '\n'
+              '* formal parameters to functions,\n'
+              '\n'
+              '* class definitions,\n'
+              '\n'
+              '* function definitions,\n'
+              '\n'
+              '* assignment expressions,\n'
+              '\n'
+              '* targets that are identifiers if occurring in an assignment:\n'
+              '\n'
+              '  * "for" loop header,\n'
+              '\n'
+              '  * after "as" in a "with" statement, "except" clause or in the '
+              'as-\n'
+              '    pattern in structural pattern matching,\n'
+              '\n'
+              '  * in a capture pattern in structural pattern matching\n'
+              '\n'
+              '* "import" statements.\n'
+              '\n'
+              'The "import" statement of the form "from ... import *" binds '
+              'all names\n'
+              'defined in the imported module, except those beginning with an\n'
+              'underscore. This form may only be used at the module level.\n'
               '\n'
               'A target occurring in a "del" statement is also considered '
               'bound for\n'
@@ -7614,20 +7624,32 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
            '*Names* refer to objects.  Names are introduced by name binding\n'
            'operations.\n'
            '\n'
-           'The following constructs bind names: formal parameters to '
-           'functions,\n'
-           '"import" statements, class and function definitions (these bind '
-           'the\n'
-           'class or function name in the defining block), and targets that '
-           'are\n'
-           'identifiers if occurring in an assignment, "for" loop header, or '
-           'after\n'
-           '"as" in a "with" statement or "except" clause. The "import" '
-           'statement\n'
-           'of the form "from ... import *" binds all names defined in the\n'
-           'imported module, except those beginning with an underscore.  This '
-           'form\n'
-           'may only be used at the module level.\n'
+           'The following constructs bind names:\n'
+           '\n'
+           '* formal parameters to functions,\n'
+           '\n'
+           '* class definitions,\n'
+           '\n'
+           '* function definitions,\n'
+           '\n'
+           '* assignment expressions,\n'
+           '\n'
+           '* targets that are identifiers if occurring in an assignment:\n'
+           '\n'
+           '  * "for" loop header,\n'
+           '\n'
+           '  * after "as" in a "with" statement, "except" clause or in the '
+           'as-\n'
+           '    pattern in structural pattern matching,\n'
+           '\n'
+           '  * in a capture pattern in structural pattern matching\n'
+           '\n'
+           '* "import" statements.\n'
+           '\n'
+           'The "import" statement of the form "from ... import *" binds all '
+           'names\n'
+           'defined in the imported module, except those beginning with an\n'
+           'underscore. This form may only be used at the module level.\n'
            '\n'
            'A target occurring in a "del" statement is also considered bound '
            'for\n'
@@ -8514,7 +8536,14 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
           '\n'
           'New in version 3.3: The "__suppress_context__" attribute to '
           'suppress\n'
-          'automatic display of the exception context.\n',
+          'automatic display of the exception context.\n'
+          '\n'
+          'Changed in version 3.11: If the traceback of the active exception '
+          'is\n'
+          'modified in an "except" clause, a subsequent "raise" statement re-\n'
+          'raises the exception with the modified traceback. Previously, the\n'
+          'exception was re-raised with the traceback it had when it was '
+          'caught.\n',
  'return': 'The "return" statement\n'
            '**********************\n'
            '\n'
@@ -8555,61 +8584,62 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                    '\n'
                    'The following methods can be defined to implement '
                    'container objects.\n'
-                   'Containers usually are sequences (such as lists or tuples) '
-                   'or mappings\n'
-                   '(like dictionaries), but can represent other containers as '
-                   'well.  The\n'
-                   'first set of methods is used either to emulate a sequence '
-                   'or to\n'
-                   'emulate a mapping; the difference is that for a sequence, '
-                   'the\n'
-                   'allowable keys should be the integers *k* for which "0 <= '
-                   'k < N" where\n'
-                   '*N* is the length of the sequence, or slice objects, which '
-                   'define a\n'
-                   'range of items.  It is also recommended that mappings '
-                   'provide the\n'
-                   'methods "keys()", "values()", "items()", "get()", '
-                   '"clear()",\n'
-                   '"setdefault()", "pop()", "popitem()", "copy()", and '
-                   '"update()"\n'
-                   'behaving similar to those for Python’s standard dictionary '
+                   'Containers usually are *sequences* (such as "lists" or '
+                   '"tuples") or\n'
+                   '*mappings* (like "dictionaries"), but can represent other '
+                   'containers\n'
+                   'as well.  The first set of methods is used either to '
+                   'emulate a\n'
+                   'sequence or to emulate a mapping; the difference is that '
+                   'for a\n'
+                   'sequence, the allowable keys should be the integers *k* '
+                   'for which "0\n'
+                   '<= k < N" where *N* is the length of the sequence, or '
+                   '"slice" objects,\n'
+                   'which define a range of items.  It is also recommended '
+                   'that mappings\n'
+                   'provide the methods "keys()", "values()", "items()", '
+                   '"get()",\n'
+                   '"clear()", "setdefault()", "pop()", "popitem()", "copy()", '
+                   'and\n'
+                   '"update()" behaving similar to those for Python’s '
+                   'standard\n'
+                   '"dictionary" objects.  The "collections.abc" module '
+                   'provides a\n'
+                   '"MutableMapping" *abstract base class* to help create '
+                   'those methods\n'
+                   'from a base set of "__getitem__()", "__setitem__()", '
+                   '"__delitem__()",\n'
+                   'and "keys()". Mutable sequences should provide methods '
+                   '"append()",\n'
+                   '"count()", "index()", "extend()", "insert()", "pop()", '
+                   '"remove()",\n'
+                   '"reverse()" and "sort()", like Python standard "list" '
                    'objects.\n'
-                   'The "collections.abc" module provides a "MutableMapping" '
-                   'abstract base\n'
-                   'class to help create those methods from a base set of '
-                   '"__getitem__()",\n'
-                   '"__setitem__()", "__delitem__()", and "keys()". Mutable '
-                   'sequences\n'
-                   'should provide methods "append()", "count()", "index()", '
-                   '"extend()",\n'
-                   '"insert()", "pop()", "remove()", "reverse()" and "sort()", '
-                   'like Python\n'
-                   'standard list objects.  Finally, sequence types should '
-                   'implement\n'
-                   'addition (meaning concatenation) and multiplication '
+                   'Finally, sequence types should implement addition '
                    '(meaning\n'
-                   'repetition) by defining the methods "__add__()", '
-                   '"__radd__()",\n'
-                   '"__iadd__()", "__mul__()", "__rmul__()" and "__imul__()" '
-                   'described\n'
-                   'below; they should not define other numerical operators.  '
+                   'concatenation) and multiplication (meaning repetition) by '
+                   'defining the\n'
+                   'methods "__add__()", "__radd__()", "__iadd__()", '
+                   '"__mul__()",\n'
+                   '"__rmul__()" and "__imul__()" described below; they should '
+                   'not define\n'
+                   'other numerical operators.  It is recommended that both '
+                   'mappings and\n'
+                   'sequences implement the "__contains__()" method to allow '
+                   'efficient use\n'
+                   'of the "in" operator; for mappings, "in" should search the '
+                   'mapping’s\n'
+                   'keys; for sequences, it should search through the values.  '
                    'It is\n'
-                   'recommended that both mappings and sequences implement '
+                   'further recommended that both mappings and sequences '
+                   'implement the\n'
+                   '"__iter__()" method to allow efficient iteration through '
                    'the\n'
-                   '"__contains__()" method to allow efficient use of the "in" '
-                   'operator;\n'
-                   'for mappings, "in" should search the mapping’s keys; for '
-                   'sequences, it\n'
-                   'should search through the values.  It is further '
-                   'recommended that both\n'
-                   'mappings and sequences implement the "__iter__()" method '
-                   'to allow\n'
-                   'efficient iteration through the container; for mappings, '
-                   '"__iter__()"\n'
-                   'should iterate through the object’s keys; for sequences, '
-                   'it should\n'
-                   'iterate through the values.\n'
+                   'container; for mappings, "__iter__()" should iterate '
+                   'through the\n'
+                   'object’s keys; for sequences, it should iterate through '
+                   'the values.\n'
                    '\n'
                    'object.__len__(self)\n'
                    '\n'
@@ -8668,22 +8698,24 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                    'object.__getitem__(self, key)\n'
                    '\n'
                    '   Called to implement evaluation of "self[key]". For '
-                   'sequence types,\n'
-                   '   the accepted keys should be integers and slice '
-                   'objects.  Note that\n'
-                   '   the special interpretation of negative indexes (if the '
-                   'class wishes\n'
-                   '   to emulate a sequence type) is up to the '
-                   '"__getitem__()" method. If\n'
-                   '   *key* is of an inappropriate type, "TypeError" may be '
-                   'raised; if of\n'
-                   '   a value outside the set of indexes for the sequence '
-                   '(after any\n'
-                   '   special interpretation of negative values), '
-                   '"IndexError" should be\n'
-                   '   raised. For mapping types, if *key* is missing (not in '
+                   '*sequence*\n'
+                   '   types, the accepted keys should be integers and slice '
+                   'objects.\n'
+                   '   Note that the special interpretation of negative '
+                   'indexes (if the\n'
+                   '   class wishes to emulate a *sequence* type) is up to '
                    'the\n'
-                   '   container), "KeyError" should be raised.\n'
+                   '   "__getitem__()" method. If *key* is of an inappropriate '
+                   'type,\n'
+                   '   "TypeError" may be raised; if of a value outside the '
+                   'set of indexes\n'
+                   '   for the sequence (after any special interpretation of '
+                   'negative\n'
+                   '   values), "IndexError" should be raised. For *mapping* '
+                   'types, if\n'
+                   '   *key* is missing (not in the container), "KeyError" '
+                   'should be\n'
+                   '   raised.\n'
                    '\n'
                    '   Note:\n'
                    '\n'
@@ -8693,6 +8725,15 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                    'of the\n'
                    '     sequence.\n'
                    '\n'
+                   '   Note:\n'
+                   '\n'
+                   '     When subscripting a *class*, the special class '
+                   'method\n'
+                   '     "__class_getitem__()" may be called instead of '
+                   '"__getitem__()".\n'
+                   '     See __class_getitem__ versus __getitem__ for more '
+                   'details.\n'
+                   '\n'
                    'object.__setitem__(self, key, value)\n'
                    '\n'
                    '   Called to implement assignment to "self[key]".  Same '
@@ -8728,19 +8769,13 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                    '\n'
                    'object.__iter__(self)\n'
                    '\n'
-                   '   This method is called when an iterator is required for '
-                   'a container.\n'
-                   '   This method should return a new iterator object that '
-                   'can iterate\n'
-                   '   over all the objects in the container.  For mappings, '
-                   'it should\n'
-                   '   iterate over the keys of the container.\n'
-                   '\n'
-                   '   Iterator objects also need to implement this method; '
-                   'they are\n'
-                   '   required to return themselves.  For more information on '
-                   'iterator\n'
-                   '   objects, see Iterator Types.\n'
+                   '   This method is called when an *iterator* is required '
+                   'for a\n'
+                   '   container. This method should return a new iterator '
+                   'object that can\n'
+                   '   iterate over all the objects in the container.  For '
+                   'mappings, it\n'
+                   '   should iterate over the keys of the container.\n'
                    '\n'
                    'object.__reversed__(self)\n'
                    '\n'
@@ -9761,13 +9796,12 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                  '   "A.__dict__[\'x\'].__get__(None, A)".\n'
                  '\n'
                  'Super Binding\n'
-                 '   If "a" is an instance of "super", then the binding '
-                 '"super(B,\n'
-                 '   obj).m()" searches "obj.__class__.__mro__" for the base '
-                 'class "A"\n'
-                 '   immediately preceding "B" and then invokes the descriptor '
-                 'with the\n'
-                 '   call: "A.__dict__[\'m\'].__get__(obj, obj.__class__)".\n'
+                 '   A dotted lookup such as "super(A, a).x" searches\n'
+                 '   "a.__class__.__mro__" for a base class "B" following "A" '
+                 'and then\n'
+                 '   returns "B.__dict__[\'x\'].__get__(a, A)".  If not a '
+                 'descriptor, "x"\n'
+                 '   is returned unchanged.\n'
                  '\n'
                  'For instance bindings, the precedence of descriptor '
                  'invocation depends\n'
@@ -9795,13 +9829,14 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                  'be\n'
                  'overridden by instances.\n'
                  '\n'
-                 'Python methods (including "staticmethod()" and '
-                 '"classmethod()") are\n'
-                 'implemented as non-data descriptors.  Accordingly, instances '
-                 'can\n'
-                 'redefine and override methods.  This allows individual '
-                 'instances to\n'
-                 'acquire behaviors that differ from other instances of the '
+                 'Python methods (including those decorated with '
+                 '"@staticmethod" and\n'
+                 '"@classmethod") are implemented as non-data descriptors.  '
+                 'Accordingly,\n'
+                 'instances can redefine and override methods.  This allows '
+                 'individual\n'
+                 'instances to acquire behaviors that differ from other '
+                 'instances of the\n'
                  'same class.\n'
                  '\n'
                  'The "property()" function is implemented as a data '
@@ -9815,12 +9850,12 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                  '\n'
                  '*__slots__* allow us to explicitly declare data members '
                  '(like\n'
-                 'properties) and deny the creation of *__dict__* and '
+                 'properties) and deny the creation of "__dict__" and '
                  '*__weakref__*\n'
                  '(unless explicitly declared in *__slots__* or available in a '
                  'parent.)\n'
                  '\n'
-                 'The space saved over using *__dict__* can be significant. '
+                 'The space saved over using "__dict__" can be significant. '
                  'Attribute\n'
                  'lookup speed can be significantly improved as well.\n'
                  '\n'
@@ -9832,7 +9867,7 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                  '*__slots__*\n'
                  '   reserves space for the declared variables and prevents '
                  'the\n'
-                 '   automatic creation of *__dict__* and *__weakref__* for '
+                 '   automatic creation of "__dict__" and *__weakref__* for '
                  'each\n'
                  '   instance.\n'
                  '\n'
@@ -9841,11 +9876,11 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                  '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n'
                  '\n'
                  '* When inheriting from a class without *__slots__*, the '
-                 '*__dict__* and\n'
+                 '"__dict__" and\n'
                  '  *__weakref__* attribute of the instances will always be '
                  'accessible.\n'
                  '\n'
-                 '* Without a *__dict__* variable, instances cannot be '
+                 '* Without a "__dict__" variable, instances cannot be '
                  'assigned new\n'
                  '  variables not listed in the *__slots__* definition.  '
                  'Attempts to\n'
@@ -9858,28 +9893,28 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                  '\n'
                  '* Without a *__weakref__* variable for each instance, '
                  'classes defining\n'
-                 '  *__slots__* do not support weak references to its '
-                 'instances. If weak\n'
-                 '  reference support is needed, then add "\'__weakref__\'" to '
-                 'the\n'
+                 '  *__slots__* do not support "weak references" to its '
+                 'instances. If\n'
+                 '  weak reference support is needed, then add '
+                 '"\'__weakref__\'" to the\n'
                  '  sequence of strings in the *__slots__* declaration.\n'
                  '\n'
                  '* *__slots__* are implemented at the class level by '
                  'creating\n'
-                 '  descriptors (Implementing Descriptors) for each variable '
-                 'name.  As a\n'
-                 '  result, class attributes cannot be used to set default '
-                 'values for\n'
-                 '  instance variables defined by *__slots__*; otherwise, the '
-                 'class\n'
-                 '  attribute would overwrite the descriptor assignment.\n'
+                 '  descriptors for each variable name.  As a result, class '
+                 'attributes\n'
+                 '  cannot be used to set default values for instance '
+                 'variables defined\n'
+                 '  by *__slots__*; otherwise, the class attribute would '
+                 'overwrite the\n'
+                 '  descriptor assignment.\n'
                  '\n'
                  '* The action of a *__slots__* declaration is not limited to '
                  'the class\n'
                  '  where it is defined.  *__slots__* declared in parents are '
                  'available\n'
                  '  in child classes. However, child subclasses will get a '
-                 '*__dict__*\n'
+                 '"__dict__"\n'
                  '  and *__weakref__* unless they also define *__slots__* '
                  '(which should\n'
                  '  only contain names of any *additional* slots).\n'
@@ -9905,7 +9940,7 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                  'be\n'
                  '  assigned to the values corresponding to each key.\n'
                  '\n'
-                 '* *__class__* assignment works only if both classes have the '
+                 '* "__class__" assignment works only if both classes have the '
                  'same\n'
                  '  *__slots__*.\n'
                  '\n'
@@ -9917,9 +9952,9 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                  'violations\n'
                  '  raise "TypeError".\n'
                  '\n'
-                 '* If an iterator is used for *__slots__* then a descriptor '
-                 'is created\n'
-                 '  for each of the iterator’s values. However, the '
+                 '* If an *iterator* is used for *__slots__* then a '
+                 '*descriptor* is\n'
+                 '  created for each of the iterator’s values. However, the '
                  '*__slots__*\n'
                  '  attribute will be an empty iterator.\n'
                  '\n'
@@ -9928,7 +9963,7 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                  '==========================\n'
                  '\n'
                  'Whenever a class inherits from another class, '
-                 '*__init_subclass__* is\n'
+                 '"__init_subclass__()" is\n'
                  'called on that class. This way, it is possible to write '
                  'classes which\n'
                  'change the behavior of subclasses. This is closely related '
@@ -10128,10 +10163,10 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                  'come from\n'
                  'the class definition). The "__prepare__" method should be '
                  'implemented\n'
-                 'as a "classmethod()". The namespace returned by '
-                 '"__prepare__" is\n'
-                 'passed in to "__new__", but when the final class object is '
-                 'created the\n'
+                 'as a "classmethod". The namespace returned by "__prepare__" '
+                 'is passed\n'
+                 'in to "__new__", but when the final class object is created '
+                 'the\n'
                  'namespace is copied into a new "dict".\n'
                  '\n'
                  'If the metaclass has no "__prepare__" attribute, then the '
@@ -10318,9 +10353,33 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                  'Emulating generic types\n'
                  '=======================\n'
                  '\n'
-                 'One can implement the generic class syntax as specified by '
-                 '**PEP 484**\n'
-                 '(for example "List[int]") by defining a special method:\n'
+                 'When using *type annotations*, it is often useful to '
+                 '*parameterize* a\n'
+                 '*generic type* using Python’s square-brackets notation. For '
+                 'example,\n'
+                 'the annotation "list[int]" might be used to signify a "list" '
+                 'in which\n'
+                 'all the elements are of type "int".\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 'See also:\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '  **PEP 484** - Type Hints\n'
+                 '     Introducing Python’s framework for type annotations\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '  Generic Alias Types\n'
+                 '     Documentation for objects representing parameterized '
+                 'generic\n'
+                 '     classes\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '  Generics, user-defined generics and "typing.Generic"\n'
+                 '     Documentation on how to implement generic classes that '
+                 'can be\n'
+                 '     parameterized at runtime and understood by static '
+                 'type-checkers.\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 'A class can *generally* only be parameterized if it defines '
+                 'the\n'
+                 'special class method "__class_getitem__()".\n'
                  '\n'
                  'classmethod object.__class_getitem__(cls, key)\n'
                  '\n'
@@ -10328,18 +10387,144 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                  'generic class\n'
                  '   by type arguments found in *key*.\n'
                  '\n'
-                 'This method is looked up on the class object itself, and '
-                 'when defined\n'
-                 'in the class body, this method is implicitly a class '
-                 'method.  Note,\n'
-                 'this mechanism is primarily reserved for use with static '
-                 'type hints,\n'
-                 'other usage is discouraged.\n'
+                 '   When defined on a class, "__class_getitem__()" is '
+                 'automatically a\n'
+                 '   class method. As such, there is no need for it to be '
+                 'decorated with\n'
+                 '   "@classmethod" when it is defined.\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 'The purpose of *__class_getitem__*\n'
+                 '----------------------------------\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 'The purpose of "__class_getitem__()" is to allow runtime\n'
+                 'parameterization of standard-library generic classes in '
+                 'order to more\n'
+                 'easily apply *type hints* to these classes.\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 'To implement custom generic classes that can be '
+                 'parameterized at\n'
+                 'runtime and understood by static type-checkers, users should '
+                 'either\n'
+                 'inherit from a standard library class that already '
+                 'implements\n'
+                 '"__class_getitem__()", or inherit from "typing.Generic", '
+                 'which has its\n'
+                 'own implementation of "__class_getitem__()".\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 'Custom implementations of "__class_getitem__()" on classes '
+                 'defined\n'
+                 'outside of the standard library may not be understood by '
+                 'third-party\n'
+                 'type-checkers such as mypy. Using "__class_getitem__()" on '
+                 'any class\n'
+                 'for purposes other than type hinting is discouraged.\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '*__class_getitem__* versus *__getitem__*\n'
+                 '----------------------------------------\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 'Usually, the subscription of an object using square brackets '
+                 'will call\n'
+                 'the "__getitem__()" instance method defined on the object’s '
+                 'class.\n'
+                 'However, if the object being subscribed is itself a class, '
+                 'the class\n'
+                 'method "__class_getitem__()" may be called instead.\n'
+                 '"__class_getitem__()" should return a GenericAlias object if '
+                 'it is\n'
+                 'properly defined.\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 'Presented with the *expression* "obj[x]", the Python '
+                 'interpreter\n'
+                 'follows something like the following process to decide '
+                 'whether\n'
+                 '"__getitem__()" or "__class_getitem__()" should be called:\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '   from inspect import isclass\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '   def subscribe(obj, x):\n'
+                 '       """Return the result of the expression \'obj[x]\'"""\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '       class_of_obj = type(obj)\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '       # If the class of obj defines __getitem__,\n'
+                 '       # call class_of_obj.__getitem__(obj, x)\n'
+                 "       if hasattr(class_of_obj, '__getitem__'):\n"
+                 '           return class_of_obj.__getitem__(obj, x)\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '       # Else, if obj is a class and defines '
+                 '__class_getitem__,\n'
+                 '       # call obj.__class_getitem__(x)\n'
+                 '       elif isclass(obj) and hasattr(obj, '
+                 "'__class_getitem__'):\n"
+                 '           return obj.__class_getitem__(x)\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '       # Else, raise an exception\n'
+                 '       else:\n'
+                 '           raise TypeError(\n'
+                 '               f"\'{class_of_obj.__name__}\' object is not '
+                 'subscriptable"\n'
+                 '           )\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 'In Python, all classes are themselves instances of other '
+                 'classes. The\n'
+                 'class of a class is known as that class’s *metaclass*, and '
+                 'most\n'
+                 'classes have the "type" class as their metaclass. "type" '
+                 'does not\n'
+                 'define "__getitem__()", meaning that expressions such as '
+                 '"list[int]",\n'
+                 '"dict[str, float]" and "tuple[str, bytes]" all result in\n'
+                 '"__class_getitem__()" being called:\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '   >>> # list has class "type" as its metaclass, like most '
+                 'classes:\n'
+                 '   >>> type(list)\n'
+                 "   <class 'type'>\n"
+                 '   >>> type(dict) == type(list) == type(tuple) == type(str) '
+                 '== type(bytes)\n'
+                 '   True\n'
+                 '   >>> # "list[int]" calls "list.__class_getitem__(int)"\n'
+                 '   >>> list[int]\n'
+                 '   list[int]\n'
+                 '   >>> # list.__class_getitem__ returns a GenericAlias '
+                 'object:\n'
+                 '   >>> type(list[int])\n'
+                 "   <class 'types.GenericAlias'>\n"
+                 '\n'
+                 'However, if a class has a custom metaclass that defines\n'
+                 '"__getitem__()", subscribing the class may result in '
+                 'different\n'
+                 'behaviour. An example of this can be found in the "enum" '
+                 'module:\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '   >>> from enum import Enum\n'
+                 '   >>> class Menu(Enum):\n'
+                 '   ...     """A breakfast menu"""\n'
+                 "   ...     SPAM = 'spam'\n"
+                 "   ...     BACON = 'bacon'\n"
+                 '   ...\n'
+                 '   >>> # Enum classes have a custom metaclass:\n'
+                 '   >>> type(Menu)\n'
+                 "   <class 'enum.EnumMeta'>\n"
+                 '   >>> # EnumMeta defines __getitem__,\n'
+                 '   >>> # so __class_getitem__ is not called,\n'
+                 '   >>> # and the result is not a GenericAlias object:\n'
+                 "   >>> Menu['SPAM']\n"
+                 "   <Menu.SPAM: 'spam'>\n"
+                 "   >>> type(Menu['SPAM'])\n"
+                 "   <enum 'Menu'>\n"
                  '\n'
                  'See also:\n'
                  '\n'
-                 '  **PEP 560** - Core support for typing module and generic '
+                 '  **PEP 560** - Core Support for typing module and generic '
                  'types\n'
+                 '     Introducing "__class_getitem__()", and outlining when '
+                 'a\n'
+                 '     subscription results in "__class_getitem__()" being '
+                 'called\n'
+                 '     instead of "__getitem__()"\n'
                  '\n'
                  '\n'
                  'Emulating callable objects\n'
@@ -10358,60 +10543,60 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                  '\n'
                  'The following methods can be defined to implement container '
                  'objects.\n'
-                 'Containers usually are sequences (such as lists or tuples) '
-                 'or mappings\n'
-                 '(like dictionaries), but can represent other containers as '
-                 'well.  The\n'
-                 'first set of methods is used either to emulate a sequence or '
-                 'to\n'
-                 'emulate a mapping; the difference is that for a sequence, '
-                 'the\n'
-                 'allowable keys should be the integers *k* for which "0 <= k '
-                 '< N" where\n'
-                 '*N* is the length of the sequence, or slice objects, which '
-                 'define a\n'
-                 'range of items.  It is also recommended that mappings '
-                 'provide the\n'
-                 'methods "keys()", "values()", "items()", "get()", '
-                 '"clear()",\n'
-                 '"setdefault()", "pop()", "popitem()", "copy()", and '
-                 '"update()"\n'
-                 'behaving similar to those for Python’s standard dictionary '
+                 'Containers usually are *sequences* (such as "lists" or '
+                 '"tuples") or\n'
+                 '*mappings* (like "dictionaries"), but can represent other '
+                 'containers\n'
+                 'as well.  The first set of methods is used either to emulate '
+                 'a\n'
+                 'sequence or to emulate a mapping; the difference is that for '
+                 'a\n'
+                 'sequence, the allowable keys should be the integers *k* for '
+                 'which "0\n'
+                 '<= k < N" where *N* is the length of the sequence, or '
+                 '"slice" objects,\n'
+                 'which define a range of items.  It is also recommended that '
+                 'mappings\n'
+                 'provide the methods "keys()", "values()", "items()", '
+                 '"get()",\n'
+                 '"clear()", "setdefault()", "pop()", "popitem()", "copy()", '
+                 'and\n'
+                 '"update()" behaving similar to those for Python’s standard\n'
+                 '"dictionary" objects.  The "collections.abc" module provides '
+                 'a\n'
+                 '"MutableMapping" *abstract base class* to help create those '
+                 'methods\n'
+                 'from a base set of "__getitem__()", "__setitem__()", '
+                 '"__delitem__()",\n'
+                 'and "keys()". Mutable sequences should provide methods '
+                 '"append()",\n'
+                 '"count()", "index()", "extend()", "insert()", "pop()", '
+                 '"remove()",\n'
+                 '"reverse()" and "sort()", like Python standard "list" '
                  'objects.\n'
-                 'The "collections.abc" module provides a "MutableMapping" '
-                 'abstract base\n'
-                 'class to help create those methods from a base set of '
-                 '"__getitem__()",\n'
-                 '"__setitem__()", "__delitem__()", and "keys()". Mutable '
-                 'sequences\n'
-                 'should provide methods "append()", "count()", "index()", '
-                 '"extend()",\n'
-                 '"insert()", "pop()", "remove()", "reverse()" and "sort()", '
-                 'like Python\n'
-                 'standard list objects.  Finally, sequence types should '
-                 'implement\n'
-                 'addition (meaning concatenation) and multiplication '
-                 '(meaning\n'
-                 'repetition) by defining the methods "__add__()", '
-                 '"__radd__()",\n'
-                 '"__iadd__()", "__mul__()", "__rmul__()" and "__imul__()" '
-                 'described\n'
-                 'below; they should not define other numerical operators.  It '
-                 'is\n'
-                 'recommended that both mappings and sequences implement the\n'
-                 '"__contains__()" method to allow efficient use of the "in" '
-                 'operator;\n'
-                 'for mappings, "in" should search the mapping’s keys; for '
-                 'sequences, it\n'
-                 'should search through the values.  It is further recommended '
-                 'that both\n'
-                 'mappings and sequences implement the "__iter__()" method to '
-                 'allow\n'
-                 'efficient iteration through the container; for mappings, '
-                 '"__iter__()"\n'
-                 'should iterate through the object’s keys; for sequences, it '
-                 'should\n'
-                 'iterate through the values.\n'
+                 'Finally, sequence types should implement addition (meaning\n'
+                 'concatenation) and multiplication (meaning repetition) by '
+                 'defining the\n'
+                 'methods "__add__()", "__radd__()", "__iadd__()", '
+                 '"__mul__()",\n'
+                 '"__rmul__()" and "__imul__()" described below; they should '
+                 'not define\n'
+                 'other numerical operators.  It is recommended that both '
+                 'mappings and\n'
+                 'sequences implement the "__contains__()" method to allow '
+                 'efficient use\n'
+                 'of the "in" operator; for mappings, "in" should search the '
+                 'mapping’s\n'
+                 'keys; for sequences, it should search through the values.  '
+                 'It is\n'
+                 'further recommended that both mappings and sequences '
+                 'implement the\n'
+                 '"__iter__()" method to allow efficient iteration through '
+                 'the\n'
+                 'container; for mappings, "__iter__()" should iterate through '
+                 'the\n'
+                 'object’s keys; for sequences, it should iterate through the '
+                 'values.\n'
                  '\n'
                  'object.__len__(self)\n'
                  '\n'
@@ -10469,22 +10654,23 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                  'object.__getitem__(self, key)\n'
                  '\n'
                  '   Called to implement evaluation of "self[key]". For '
-                 'sequence types,\n'
-                 '   the accepted keys should be integers and slice objects.  '
-                 'Note that\n'
-                 '   the special interpretation of negative indexes (if the '
-                 'class wishes\n'
-                 '   to emulate a sequence type) is up to the "__getitem__()" '
-                 'method. If\n'
-                 '   *key* is of an inappropriate type, "TypeError" may be '
-                 'raised; if of\n'
-                 '   a value outside the set of indexes for the sequence '
-                 '(after any\n'
-                 '   special interpretation of negative values), "IndexError" '
+                 '*sequence*\n'
+                 '   types, the accepted keys should be integers and slice '
+                 'objects.\n'
+                 '   Note that the special interpretation of negative indexes '
+                 '(if the\n'
+                 '   class wishes to emulate a *sequence* type) is up to the\n'
+                 '   "__getitem__()" method. If *key* is of an inappropriate '
+                 'type,\n'
+                 '   "TypeError" may be raised; if of a value outside the set '
+                 'of indexes\n'
+                 '   for the sequence (after any special interpretation of '
+                 'negative\n'
+                 '   values), "IndexError" should be raised. For *mapping* '
+                 'types, if\n'
+                 '   *key* is missing (not in the container), "KeyError" '
                  'should be\n'
-                 '   raised. For mapping types, if *key* is missing (not in '
-                 'the\n'
-                 '   container), "KeyError" should be raised.\n'
+                 '   raised.\n'
                  '\n'
                  '   Note:\n'
                  '\n'
@@ -10494,6 +10680,14 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                  'the\n'
                  '     sequence.\n'
                  '\n'
+                 '   Note:\n'
+                 '\n'
+                 '     When subscripting a *class*, the special class method\n'
+                 '     "__class_getitem__()" may be called instead of '
+                 '"__getitem__()".\n'
+                 '     See __class_getitem__ versus __getitem__ for more '
+                 'details.\n'
+                 '\n'
                  'object.__setitem__(self, key, value)\n'
                  '\n'
                  '   Called to implement assignment to "self[key]".  Same note '
@@ -10529,19 +10723,13 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
                  '\n'
                  'object.__iter__(self)\n'
                  '\n'
-                 '   This method is called when an iterator is required for a '
-                 'container.\n'
-                 '   This method should return a new iterator object that can '
-                 'iterate\n'
-                 '   over all the objects in the container.  For mappings, it '
-                 'should\n'
-                 '   iterate over the keys of the container.\n'
-                 '\n'
-                 '   Iterator objects also need to implement this method; they '
-                 'are\n'
-                 '   required to return themselves.  For more information on '
-                 'iterator\n'
-                 '   objects, see Iterator Types.\n'
+                 '   This method is called when an *iterator* is required for '
+                 'a\n'
+                 '   container. This method should return a new iterator '
+                 'object that can\n'
+                 '   iterate over all the objects in the container.  For '
+                 'mappings, it\n'
+                 '   should iterate over the keys of the container.\n'
                  '\n'
                  'object.__reversed__(self)\n'
                  '\n'
@@ -12995,20 +13183,18 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
           '      A function or method which uses the "yield" statement (see\n'
           '      section The yield statement) is called a *generator '
           'function*.\n'
-          '      Such a function, when called, always returns an iterator '
-          'object\n'
-          '      which can be used to execute the body of the function:  '
-          'calling\n'
-          '      the iterator’s "iterator.__next__()" method will cause the\n'
-          '      function to execute until it provides a value using the '
-          '"yield"\n'
-          '      statement.  When the function executes a "return" statement '
-          'or\n'
-          '      falls off the end, a "StopIteration" exception is raised and '
-          'the\n'
-          '      iterator will have reached the end of the set of values to '
-          'be\n'
-          '      returned.\n'
+          '      Such a function, when called, always returns an *iterator*\n'
+          '      object which can be used to execute the body of the '
+          'function:\n'
+          '      calling the iterator’s "iterator.__next__()" method will '
+          'cause\n'
+          '      the function to execute until it provides a value using the\n'
+          '      "yield" statement.  When the function executes a "return"\n'
+          '      statement or falls off the end, a "StopIteration" exception '
+          'is\n'
+          '      raised and the iterator will have reached the end of the set '
+          'of\n'
+          '      values to be returned.\n'
           '\n'
           '   Coroutine functions\n'
           '      A function or method which is defined using "async def" is\n'
@@ -13024,18 +13210,18 @@ topics = {'assert': 'The "assert" statement\n'
           '      which uses the "yield" statement is called a *asynchronous\n'
           '      generator function*.  Such a function, when called, returns '
           'an\n'
-          '      asynchronous iterator object which can be used in an "async '
-          'for"\n'
-          '      statement to execute the body of the function.\n'
+          '      *asynchronous iterator* object which can be used in an '
+          '"async\n'
+          '      for" statement to execute the body of the function.\n'
           '\n'
-          '      Calling the asynchronous iterator’s "aiterator.__anext__()"\n'
-          '      method will return an *awaitable* which when awaited will\n'
-          '      execute until it provides a value using the "yield" '
-          'expression.\n'
-          '      When the function executes an empty "return" statement or '
-          'falls\n'
-          '      off the end, a "StopAsyncIteration" exception is raised and '
+          '      Calling the asynchronous iterator’s "aiterator.__anext__" '
+          'method\n'
+          '      will return an *awaitable* which when awaited will execute '
+          'until\n'
+          '      it provides a value using the "yield" expression.  When the\n'
+          '      function executes an empty "return" statement or falls off '
           'the\n'
+          '      end, a "StopAsyncIteration" exception is raised and the\n'
           '      asynchronous iterator will have reached the end of the set '
           'of\n'
           '      values to be yielded.\n'