* mymalloc.h: always allocate one extra byte, since some malloc's

  return NULL for malloc(0) or realloc(p, 0).  (This should be done
  differently than wasting one byte, but alas...)
* Moved "add'l libraries" option in Makefile to an earlier place.
* Remove argument compatibility hacks (b) and (c).
* Add grey2mono, dither2mono and mono2grey to imageop.
* Dup the fd in socket.fromfd().
* Added new modules mpz, md5 (by JH, requiring GNU MP 1.2).  Affects
  Makefile and config.c.
* socketmodule.c: added socket.fromfd(fd, family, type, [proto]),
  converted socket() to use of getargs().

1 files changed, 1808 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Modules/mpzmodule.c b/Modules/mpzmodule.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3e903e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/mpzmodule.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1808 @@
+/***********************************************************
+Copyright 1992 by Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The
+Netherlands.
+
+                        All Rights Reserved
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its 
+documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, 
+provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
+both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in 
+supporting documentation, and that the names of Stichting Mathematisch
+Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
+distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission.
+
+STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO
+THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
+FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT
+OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+
+******************************************************************/
+/* MPZ module */
+
+/* This module provides an interface to an alternate Multi-Precision
+   library, GNU MP in this case */
+
+/* XXX note: everywhere where mpz_size is called,
+   sizeof (limb) == sizeof (long)  has been assumed. */
+   
+
+/* MPZ objects */
+
+#include "allobjects.h"
+#include "modsupport.h"		/* For getargs() etc. */
+#include <assert.h>
+
+/*
+**	These are the cpp-flags used in this file...
+**
+**
+** MPZ_MDIV_BUG		works around the mpz_m{div,mod,...} routines.
+** 			This bug has been fixed in a later release of
+** 			GMP.
+** 
+** MPZ_GET_STR_BUG	mpz_get_str corrupts memory, seems to be fixed
+** 			in a later release
+** 
+** MPZ_DEBUG		generates a bunch of diagnostic messages
+** 
+** MPZ_SPARE_MALLOC	if set, results in extra code that tries to
+** 			minimize the creation of extra objects.
+** 
+** MPZ_TEST_DIV		extra diagnostic output on stderr, when division
+** 			routines are involved
+** 
+** MPZ_LIB_DOES_CHECKING	if set, assumes that mpz library doesn't call
+** 			alloca with arg < 0 (when casted to a signed
+** 			integral type).
+** 
+** MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS	if set, presents the conversions as
+** 			methods. e.g., `mpz(5).long() == 5L'
+** 			Later, Guido provided an interface to the
+** 			standard functions. So this flag has no been
+** 			cleared, and `long(mpz(5)) == 5L'
+** 
+** MP_TEST_ALLOC	If set, you would discover why MPZ_GET_STR_BUG
+**			is needed
+** 
+** MAKEDUMMYINT		Must be set if dynamic linking will be used
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** IMHO, mpz_m{div,mod,divmod}() do the wrong things when the denominator < 0
+** I assume that this will be fixed in a future release
+*/
+/*#define MPZ_MDIV_BUG fixed the (for me) nexessary parts in libgmp.a */
+/*
+** IMO, mpz_get_str() assumes a bit too large target space, if he doesn't
+** allocate it himself
+*/
+#define MPZ_GET_STR_BUG
+
+#include "gmp.h"
+typedef struct {
+	OB_HEAD
+        MP_INT	mpz;		/* the actual number */
+} mpzobject;
+
+extern typeobject MPZtype;	/* Really static, forward */
+
+#define is_mpzobject(v)		((v)->ob_type == &MPZtype)
+
+static const char initialiser_name[] = "mpz";
+
+/* #define MPZ_DEBUG */
+
+static mpzobject *
+newmpzobject()
+{
+	mpzobject *mpzp;
+
+
+#ifdef MPZ_DEBUG
+	fputs( "mpz_object() called...\n", stderr );
+#endif /* def MPZ_DEBUG */
+	mpzp = NEWOBJ(mpzobject, &MPZtype);
+	if (mpzp == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	mpz_init(&mpzp->mpz);	/* actual initialisation */
+	return mpzp;
+} /* newmpzobject() */
+
+#ifdef MPZ_GET_STR_BUG
+#include "gmp-impl.h"
+#include "longlong.h"
+#endif /* def MPZ_GET_STR_BUG */
+
+static object *
+mpz_format(objp, base, withname)
+	object *objp;
+	int base;
+	unsigned char withname;
+{
+	mpzobject *mpzp = (mpzobject *)objp;
+	stringobject *strobjp;
+	int i;
+	int cmpres;
+	int taglong;
+	char *cp;
+	char prefix[5], *tcp;
+
+
+	tcp = &prefix[0];
+
+	if (mpzp == NULL || !is_mpzobject(mpzp)) {
+		err_badcall();
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	assert(base >= 2 && base <= 36);
+
+	if (withname)
+		i = strlen(initialiser_name) + 2; /* e.g. 'mpz(' + ')' */
+	else
+		i = 0;
+
+	if ((cmpres = mpz_cmp_si(&mpzp->mpz, 0L)) == 0)
+		base = 10;	/* '0' in every base, right */
+	else if (cmpres < 0) {
+		*tcp++ = '-';
+		i += 1;		/* space to hold '-' */
+	}
+
+#ifdef MPZ_DEBUG
+	fprintf(stderr, "mpz_format: mpz_sizeinbase %d\n",
+		(int)mpz_sizeinbase(&mpzp->mpz, base));
+#endif /* def MPZ_DEBUG */
+#ifdef MPZ_GET_STR_BUG
+	i += ((size_t) abs(mpzp->mpz.size) * BITS_PER_MP_LIMB
+	      * __mp_bases[base].chars_per_bit_exactly) + 1;
+#else /* def MPZ_GET_STR_BUG */
+	i += (int)mpz_sizeinbase(&mpzp->mpz, base);
+#endif /* def MPZ_GET_STR_BUG else */
+
+	if (base == 16) {
+		*tcp++ = '0';
+		*tcp++ = 'x';
+		i += 2;		/* space to hold '0x' */
+	}
+	else if (base == 8) {
+		*tcp++ = '0';
+		i += 1;		/* space to hold the extra '0' */
+	}
+	else if (base > 10) {
+		*tcp++ = '0' + base / 10;
+		*tcp++ = '0' + base % 10;
+		*tcp++ = '#';
+		i += 3;		/* space to hold e.g. '12#' */
+	}
+	else if (base < 10) {
+		*tcp++ = '0' + base;
+		*tcp++ = '#';
+		i += 2;		/* space to hold e.g. '6#' */
+	}
+
+	/*
+	** the following code looks if we need a 'L' attached to the number
+	** it will also attach an 'L' to the value -0x80000000
+	*/
+	taglong = 0;
+	if (mpz_size(&mpzp->mpz) > 1
+	    || (long)mpz_get_ui(&mpzp->mpz) < 0L) {
+		taglong = 1;
+		i += 1;		/* space to hold 'L' */
+	}
+
+#ifdef MPZ_DEBUG
+	fprintf(stderr, "mpz_format: requesting string size %d\n", i);
+#endif /* def MPZ_DEBUG */	
+	if ((strobjp = (stringobject *)newsizedstringobject((char *)0, i))
+	    == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* get the beginning of the string memory and start copying things */
+	cp = GETSTRINGVALUE(strobjp);
+	if (withname) {
+		strcpy(cp, initialiser_name);
+		cp += strlen(initialiser_name);
+		*cp++ = '('; /*')'*/
+	}
+
+	/* copy the already prepared prefix; e.g. sign and base indicator */
+	*tcp = '\0';
+	strcpy(cp, prefix);
+	cp += tcp - prefix;
+
+	/* since' we have the sign already, let the lib think it's a positive
+		number */
+	if (cmpres < 0)
+		mpz_neg(&mpzp->mpz,&mpzp->mpz);	/* hack Hack HAck HACk HACK */
+	(void)mpz_get_str(cp, base, &mpzp->mpz);
+	if (cmpres < 0)
+		mpz_neg(&mpzp->mpz,&mpzp->mpz);	/* hack Hack HAck HACk HACK */
+#ifdef MPZ_DEBUG
+	fprintf(stderr, "mpz_format: base (ultim) %d, mpz_get_str: %s\n",
+		base, cp);
+#endif /* def MPZ_DEBUG */
+	cp += strlen(cp);
+
+	if (taglong)
+		*cp++ = 'L';
+	if (withname)
+		*cp++ = /*'('*/ ')';
+
+	*cp = '\0';
+
+#ifdef MPZ_DEBUG
+	fprintf(stderr,
+		"mpz_format: cp (str end) 0x%x, begin 0x%x, diff %d, i %d\n",
+		cp, GETSTRINGVALUE(strobjp), cp - GETSTRINGVALUE(strobjp), i);
+#endif /* def MPZ_DEBUG */	
+	assert(cp - GETSTRINGVALUE(strobjp) <= i);
+
+	if (cp - GETSTRINGVALUE(strobjp) != i) {
+		strobjp->ob_size -= i - (cp - GETSTRINGVALUE(strobjp));
+	}
+
+	return (object *)strobjp;
+} /* mpz_format() */
+
+/* MPZ methods */
+
+static void
+mpz_dealloc(mpzp)
+	mpzobject *mpzp;
+{
+#ifdef MPZ_DEBUG
+	fputs( "mpz_dealloc() called...\n", stderr );
+#endif /* def MPZ_DEBUG */
+	mpz_clear(&mpzp->mpz);
+	DEL(mpzp);
+} /* mpz_dealloc() */
+
+/* ARGSUSED */
+static int
+mpz_print(v, fp, flags)
+	object *v;
+	FILE *fp;
+	int flags; /* Not used but required by interface */
+{
+	stringobject *str
+		= (stringobject *)mpz_format(v, 10, (unsigned char)1);
+
+	if (str == NULL)
+		return -1;
+
+	fputs(GETSTRINGVALUE(str), fp);
+	DECREF(str);
+	return 0;
+} /* mpz_print() */
+
+
+/* pointers to frequently used values 0, 1 and -1 */
+static mpzobject *mpz_value_zero, *mpz_value_one, *mpz_value_mone;
+
+static int
+mpz_compare(a, b)
+	mpzobject *a, *b;
+{
+	int cmpres;
+
+
+	/* guido sez it's better to return -1, 0 or 1 */
+	return (cmpres = mpz_cmp( &a->mpz, &b->mpz )) == 0 ? 0
+		: cmpres > 0 ? 1 : -1;
+} /* mpz_compare() */
+
+static object *
+mpz_addition(a, b)
+	mpzobject *a;
+	mpzobject *b;
+{
+	mpzobject *z;
+
+	
+#ifdef MPZ_SPARE_MALLOC
+	if (mpz_cmp_ui(&a->mpz, (unsigned long int)0) == 0) {
+		INCREF(b);
+		return (object *)b;
+	}
+
+	if (mpz_cmp_ui(&b->mpz, (unsigned long int)0) == 0) {
+		INCREF(a);
+		return (object *)a;
+	}
+#endif /* def MPZ_SPARE_MALLOC */
+
+	if ((z = newmpzobject()) == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	
+	mpz_add(&z->mpz, &a->mpz, &b->mpz);
+	return (object *)z;
+} /* mpz_addition() */
+
+static object *
+mpz_substract(a, b)
+	mpzobject *a;
+	mpzobject *b;
+{
+	mpzobject *z;
+
+	
+#ifdef MPZ_SPARE_MALLOC
+	if (mpz_cmp_ui(&b->mpz, (unsigned long int)0) == 0) {
+		INCREF(a);
+		return (object *)a;
+	}
+#endif /* MPZ_SPARE_MALLOC */	
+
+	if ((z = newmpzobject()) == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	mpz_sub(&z->mpz, &a->mpz, &b->mpz);
+	return (object *)z;
+} /* mpz_substract() */
+
+static object *
+mpz_multiply(a, b)
+	mpzobject *a;
+	mpzobject *b;
+{
+#ifdef MPZ_SPARE_MALLOC
+	int cmpres;
+#endif /* def MPZ_SPARE_MALLOC */
+	mpzobject *z;
+
+
+#ifdef MPZ_SPARE_MALLOC
+	if ((cmpres = mpz_cmp_ui(&a->mpz, (unsigned long int)0)) == 0) {
+		INCREF(mpz_value_zero);
+		return (object *)mpz_value_zero;
+	}
+	if (cmpres > 0 && mpz_cmp_ui(&a->mpz, (unsigned long int)1) == 0) {
+		INCREF(b);
+		return (object *)b;
+	}
+
+	if ((cmpres = mpz_cmp_ui(&b->mpz, (unsigned long_int)0)) == 0) {
+		INCREF(mpz_value_zero);
+		return (object *)mpz_value_zero;
+	}
+	if (cmpres > 0 && mpz_cmp_ui(&b->mpz, (unsigned long int)1) == 0) {
+		INCREF(a);
+		return (object *)a;
+	}
+#endif /* MPZ_SPARE_MALLOC */
+
+	if ((z = newmpzobject()) == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	mpz_mul( &z->mpz, &a->mpz, &b->mpz );
+	return (object *)z;
+	
+} /* mpz_multiply() */
+
+static object *
+mpz_divide(a, b)
+	mpzobject *a;
+	mpzobject *b;
+{
+#ifdef MPZ_SPARE_MALLOC
+	int cmpres;
+#endif /* def MPZ_SPARE_MALLOC */
+	mpzobject *z;
+
+
+	if ((
+#ifdef MPZ_SPARE_MALLOC
+	     cmpres =
+#endif /* def MPZ_SPARE_MALLOC */
+	     mpz_cmp_ui(&b->mpz, (unsigned long int)0)) == 0) {
+		err_setstr(ZeroDivisionError, "mpz./ by zero");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+#ifdef MPZ_SPARE_MALLOC
+	if (cmpres > 0 && mpz_cmp_ui(&b->mpz(unsigned long int)1) == 0) {
+		INCREF(a);
+		return (object *)a;
+	}
+#endif /* def MPZ_SPARE_MALLOC */
+
+	if ((z = newmpzobject()) == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+#ifdef MPZ_TEST_DIV
+	fputs("mpz_divide:  div result", stderr);
+	mpz_div(&z->mpz, &a->mpz, &b->mpz);
+	mpz_out_str(stderr, 10, &z->mpz);
+	putc('\n', stderr);
+#endif /* def MPZ_TEST_DIV */
+#ifdef MPZ_MDIV_BUG
+	if ((mpz_cmp_ui(&a->mpz, (unsigned long int)0) < 0)
+	    != (mpz_cmp_ui(&b->mpz, (unsigned long int)0) < 0)) {
+		/*
+		** numerator has other sign than denominator: we have
+		** to look at the remainder for a correction, since mpz_mdiv
+		** also calls mpz_divmod, I can as well do it myself
+		*/
+		MP_INT tmpmpz;
+
+
+		mpz_init(&tmpmpz);
+		mpz_divmod(&z->mpz, &tmpmpz, &a->mpz, &b->mpz);
+
+		if (mpz_cmp_ui(&tmpmpz, (unsigned long int)0) != 0)
+			mpz_sub_ui(&z->mpz, &z->mpz, (unsigned long int)1);
+
+		mpz_clear(&tmpmpz);
+	}
+	else
+		mpz_div(&z->mpz, &a->mpz, &b->mpz);
+		/* the ``naive'' implementation does it right for operands
+		   having the same sign */
+
+#else /* def MPZ_MDIV_BUG */
+	mpz_mdiv(&z->mpz, &a->mpz, &b->mpz);
+#endif /* def MPZ_MDIV_BUG else */
+#ifdef MPZ_TEST_DIV
+	fputs("mpz_divide: mdiv result", stderr);
+	mpz_out_str(stderr, 10, &z->mpz);
+	putc('\n', stderr);
+#endif /* def MPZ_TEST_DIV */
+	return (object *)z;
+	
+} /* mpz_divide() */
+
+static object *
+mpz_remainder(a, b)
+	mpzobject *a;
+	mpzobject *b;
+{
+#ifdef MPZ_SPARE_MALLOC
+	int cmpres;
+#endif /* def MPZ_SPARE_MALLOC */	
+	mpzobject *z;
+
+	
+	if ((
+#ifdef MPZ_SPARE_MALLOC	     
+	     cmpres =
+#endif /* def MPZ_SPARE_MALLOC */	
+	     mpz_cmp_ui(&b->mpz, (unsigned long int)0)) == 0) {
+		err_setstr(ZeroDivisionError, "mpz.% by zero");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+#ifdef MPZ_SPARE_MALLOC
+	if (cmpres > 0) {
+		if ((cmpres = mpz_cmp_ui(&b->mpz, (unsigned long int)2)) == 0) {
+			INCREF(mpz_value_one);
+			return (object *)mpz_value_one;
+		}
+		if (cmpres < 0) {
+			/* b must be 1 now */
+			INCREF(mpz_value_zero);
+			return (object *)mpz_value_zero;
+		}
+	}
+#endif /* def MPZ_SPARE_MALLOC */	
+
+	if ((z = newmpzobject()) == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+#ifdef MPZ_TEST_DIV
+	fputs("mpz_remain:  mod result", stderr);
+	mpz_mod(&z->mpz, &a->mpz, &b->mpz);
+	mpz_out_str(stderr, 10, &z->mpz);
+	putc('\n', stderr);
+#endif /* def MPZ_TEST_DIV */
+#ifdef MPZ_MDIV_BUG
+
+	/* the ``naive'' implementation does it right for operands
+	   having the same sign */
+	mpz_mod(&z->mpz, &a->mpz, &b->mpz);
+
+	/* assumption: z, a and b all point to different locations */
+	if ((mpz_cmp_ui(&a->mpz, (unsigned long int)0) < 0)
+	    != (mpz_cmp_ui(&b->mpz, (unsigned long int)0) < 0)
+	    && mpz_cmp_ui(&z->mpz, (unsigned long int)0) != 0)
+		mpz_add(&z->mpz, &z->mpz, &b->mpz);
+		/*
+		** numerator has other sign than denominator: we have
+		** to look at the remainder for a correction, since mpz_mdiv
+		** also calls mpz_divmod, I can as well do it myself
+		*/
+#else /* def MPZ_MDIV_BUG */
+	mpz_mmod(&z->mpz, &a->mpz, &b->mpz);
+#endif /* def MPZ_MDIV_BUG else */
+#ifdef MPZ_TEST_DIV
+	fputs("mpz_remain: mmod result", stderr);
+	mpz_out_str(stderr, 10, &z->mpz);
+	putc('\n', stderr);
+#endif /* def MPZ_TEST_DIV */
+	return (object *)z;
+	
+} /* mpz_remainder() */
+
+static object *
+mpz_div_and_mod(a, b)
+	mpzobject *a;
+	mpzobject *b;
+{
+	object *z = NULL;
+	mpzobject *x = NULL, *y = NULL;
+
+
+	if (mpz_cmp_ui(&b->mpz, (unsigned long int)0) == 0) {
+		err_setstr(ZeroDivisionError, "mpz.divmod by zero");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if ((z = newtupleobject(2)) == NULL
+	    || (x = newmpzobject()) == NULL
+	    || (y = newmpzobject()) == NULL) {
+		XDECREF(z);
+		XDECREF(x);
+		XDECREF(y);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+#ifdef MPZ_TEST_DIV
+	fputs("mpz_divmod:  dm  result", stderr);
+	mpz_divmod(&x->mpz, &y->mpz, &a->mpz, &b->mpz);
+	mpz_out_str(stderr, 10, &x->mpz);
+	putc('\n', stderr);
+	mpz_out_str(stderr, 10, &y->mpz);
+	putc('\n', stderr);
+#endif /* def MPZ_TEST_DIV */
+#ifdef MPZ_MDIV_BUG
+	mpz_divmod(&x->mpz, &y->mpz, &a->mpz, &b->mpz);
+	if ((mpz_cmp_ui(&a->mpz, (unsigned long int)0) < 0)
+	    != (mpz_cmp_ui(&b->mpz, (unsigned long int)0) < 0)
+	    && mpz_cmp_ui(&y->mpz, (unsigned long int)0) != 0) {
+		/*
+		** numerator has other sign than denominator: we have
+		** to look at the remainder for a correction.
+		*/
+		mpz_add(&y->mpz, &y->mpz, &b->mpz);
+		mpz_sub_ui(&x->mpz, &x->mpz, (unsigned long int)1);
+	}
+#else /* def MPZ_MDIV_BUG */
+	mpz_mdivmod( &x->mpz, &y->mpz, &a->mpz, &b->mpz );
+#endif /* def MPZ_MDIV_BUG else */
+#ifdef MPZ_TEST_DIV
+	fputs("mpz_divmod: mdm  result", stderr);
+	mpz_out_str(stderr, 10, &x->mpz);
+	putc('\n', stderr);
+	mpz_out_str(stderr, 10, &y->mpz);
+	putc('\n', stderr);
+#endif /* def MPZ_TEST_DIV */
+
+	(void)settupleitem(z, 0, (object *)x);
+	(void)settupleitem(z, 1, (object *)y);
+	
+	return z;
+} /* mpz_div_and_mod() */
+
+static object *
+mpz_power(a, b)
+	mpzobject *a;
+	mpzobject *b;
+{
+	mpzobject *z;
+	int cmpres;
+	long int longtmp1, longtmp2;
+
+
+	if ((cmpres = mpz_cmp_ui(&b->mpz, (unsigned long int)0)) == 0) {
+		/* the gnu-mp lib sets pow(0,0) to 0, we to 1 */
+
+		INCREF(mpz_value_one);
+		return (object *)mpz_value_one;
+	}
+		
+	if (cmpres < 0) {
+		err_setstr(ValueError, "mpz.pow to negative exponent");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if ((cmpres = mpz_cmp_ui(&a->mpz, (unsigned long int)0)) == 0) {
+		/* the base is 0 */
+
+		INCREF(mpz_value_zero);
+		return (object *)mpz_value_zero;
+	}
+	else if (cmpres > 0
+		 && mpz_cmp_ui(&a->mpz, (unsigned long int)1) == 0) {
+		/* the base is 1 */
+
+		INCREF(mpz_value_one);
+		return (object *)mpz_value_one;
+	}
+	else if (cmpres < 0
+		 && mpz_cmp_si(&a->mpz, (long int)-1) == 0) {
+
+		MP_INT tmpmpz;
+		/* the base is -1: pow(-1, any) == 1,-1 for even,uneven b */
+		/* XXX this code needs to be optimized: what's better?
+		   mpz_mmod_ui or mpz_mod_2exp, I choose for the latter
+		   for *un*obvious reasons */
+
+		/* is the exponent even? */
+		mpz_init(&tmpmpz);
+
+		/* look to the remainder after a division by (1 << 1) */
+		mpz_mod_2exp(&tmpmpz, &b->mpz, (unsigned long int)1);
+
+		if (mpz_cmp_ui(&tmpmpz, (unsigned int)0) == 0) {
+			mpz_clear(&tmpmpz);
+			INCREF(mpz_value_one);
+			return (object *)mpz_value_one;
+		}
+		mpz_clear(&tmpmpz);
+		INCREF(mpz_value_mone);
+		return (object *)mpz_value_mone;
+	}
+
+#ifdef MPZ_LIB_DOES_CHECKING
+	/* check if it's doable: sizeof(exp) > sizeof(long) &&
+	   abs(base) > 1 ?? --> No Way */
+	if (mpz_size(&b->mpz) > 1)
+		return (object *)err_nomem();
+#else /* def MPZ_LIB_DOES_CHECKING */
+	/* wet finger method */
+	if (mpz_cmp_ui(&b->mpz, (unsigned long int)0x10000) >= 0) {
+		err_setstr(ValueError, "mpz.pow outrageous exponent");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+#endif /* def MPZ_LIB_DOES_CHECKING else */
+
+	if ((z = newmpzobject()) == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	
+	mpz_pow_ui(&z->mpz, &a->mpz, mpz_get_ui(&b->mpz));
+	
+	return (object *)z;
+} /* mpz_power() */
+
+
+static object *
+mpz_negative(v)
+	mpzobject *v;
+{
+	mpzobject *z;
+
+	
+#ifdef MPZ_SPARE_MALLOC
+	if (mpz_cmp_ui(&v->mpz, (unsigned long int)0) == 0) {
+		/* -0 == 0 */
+		INCREF(v);
+		return (object *)v;
+	}
+#endif /* def MPZ_SPARE_MALLOC */
+
+	if ((z = newmpzobject()) == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	mpz_neg(&z->mpz, &v->mpz);
+	return (object *)z;
+} /* mpz_negative() */
+
+
+static object *
+mpz_positive(v)
+	mpzobject *v;
+{
+	INCREF(v);
+	return (object *)v;
+} /* mpz_positive() */
+
+
+static object *
+mpz_absolute(v)
+	mpzobject *v;
+{
+	mpzobject *z;
+
+	
+	if (mpz_cmp_ui(&v->mpz, (unsigned long int)0) >= 0) {
+		INCREF(v);
+		return (object *)v;
+	}
+
+	if ((z = newmpzobject()) == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	mpz_neg(&z->mpz, &v->mpz);
+	return (object *)z;
+} /* mpz_absolute() */
+
+static int
+mpz_nonzero(v)
+	mpzobject *v;
+{
+	return mpz_cmp_ui(&v->mpz, (unsigned long int)0) != 0;
+} /* mpz_nonzero() */
+		
+static object *
+mpz_invert(v)
+	mpzobject *v;
+{
+	mpzobject *z;
+
+
+	/* I think mpz_com does exactly what needed */
+	if ((z = newmpzobject()) == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	mpz_com(&z->mpz, &v->mpz);
+	return (object *)z;
+} /* mpz_invert() */
+
+static object *
+mpz_lshift(a, b)
+	mpzobject *a;
+	mpzobject *b;
+{
+	int cmpres;
+	mpzobject *z;
+
+
+	if ((cmpres = mpz_cmp_ui(&b->mpz, (unsigned long int)0)) == 0) {
+		/* a << 0 == a */
+		INCREF(a);
+		return (object *)a;
+	}
+
+	if (cmpres < 0) {
+		err_setstr(ValueError, "mpz.<< negative shift count");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+#ifdef MPZ_LIB_DOES_CHECKING
+	if (mpz_size(&b->mpz) > 1)
+		return (object *)err_nomem();
+#else /* def MPZ_LIB_DOES_CHECKING */
+	/* wet finger method */
+	if (mpz_cmp_ui(&b->mpz, (unsigned long int)0x10000) >= 0) {
+		err_setstr(ValueError, "mpz.<< outrageous shift count");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+#endif /* def MPZ_LIB_DOES_CHECKING else */
+
+	if ((z = newmpzobject()) == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	mpz_mul_2exp(&z->mpz, &a->mpz, mpz_get_ui(&b->mpz));
+	return (object *)z;
+} /* mpz_lshift() */
+
+static object *
+mpz_rshift(a, b)
+	mpzobject *a;
+	mpzobject *b;
+{
+	int cmpres;
+	mpzobject *z;
+
+
+	if ((cmpres = mpz_cmp_ui(&b->mpz, (unsigned long int)0)) == 0) {
+		/* a >> 0 == a */
+		INCREF(a);
+		return (object *)a;
+	}
+
+	if (cmpres < 0) {
+		err_setstr(ValueError, "mpz.>> negative shift count");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (mpz_size(&b->mpz) > 1)
+		return (object *)err_nomem();
+
+	if ((z = newmpzobject()) == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	mpz_div_2exp(&z->mpz, &a->mpz, mpz_get_ui(&b->mpz));
+	return (object *)z;
+} /* mpz_rshift() */
+
+static object *
+mpz_andfunc(a, b)
+	mpzobject *a;
+	mpzobject *b;
+{
+	mpzobject *z;
+
+
+	if ((z = newmpzobject()) == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	mpz_and(&z->mpz, &a->mpz, &b->mpz);
+	return (object *)z;
+} /* mpz_andfunc() */
+
+/* hack Hack HAck HACk HACK, XXX this code is dead slow */
+void
+mpz_xor(res, op1, op2)
+	MP_INT *res;
+	const MP_INT *op1;
+	const MP_INT *op2;
+{
+	MP_INT tmpmpz;
+	
+	mpz_init(&tmpmpz);
+
+	mpz_and(res, op1, op2);
+	mpz_com(&tmpmpz, res);
+	mpz_ior(res, op1, op2);
+	mpz_and(res, res, &tmpmpz);
+
+	mpz_clear(&tmpmpz);
+} /* mpz_xor() HACK */
+
+static object *
+mpz_xorfunc(a, b)
+	mpzobject *a;
+	mpzobject *b;
+{
+	mpzobject *z;
+
+
+	if ((z = newmpzobject()) == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	mpz_xor(&z->mpz, &a->mpz, &b->mpz);
+	return (object *)z;
+} /* mpz_xorfunc() */
+
+static object *
+mpz_orfunc(a, b)
+	mpzobject *a;
+	mpzobject *b;
+{
+	mpzobject *z;
+
+
+	if ((z = newmpzobject()) == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	mpz_ior(&z->mpz, &a->mpz, &b->mpz);
+	return (object *)z;
+} /* mpz_orfunc() */
+
+/* MPZ initialisation */
+
+#include "longintrepr.h"
+
+static object *
+MPZ_mpz(self, args)
+	object *self;
+	object *args;
+{
+	mpzobject *mpzp;
+	object *objp;
+
+
+#ifdef MPZ_DEBUG
+	fputs("MPZ_mpz() called...\n", stderr);
+#endif /* def MPZ_DEBUG */
+
+	if (!getargs(args, "O", &objp))
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* at least we know it's some object */
+	/* note DON't DECREF args NEITHER objp */
+
+	if (is_intobject(objp)) {
+		long lval;
+
+		if (!getargs(objp, "l", &lval))
+			return NULL;
+		
+		if (lval == (long)0) {
+			INCREF(mpz_value_zero);
+			mpzp = mpz_value_zero;
+		}
+		else if (lval == (long)1) {
+			INCREF(mpz_value_one);
+			mpzp = mpz_value_one;
+		}			
+		else if ((mpzp = newmpzobject()) == NULL)
+			return NULL;
+		else mpz_set_si(&mpzp->mpz, lval);
+	}
+	else if (is_longobject(objp)) {
+		MP_INT mplongdigit;
+		int i;
+		unsigned char isnegative;
+		
+
+		if ((mpzp = newmpzobject()) == NULL)
+			return NULL;
+
+		mpz_set_si(&mpzp->mpz, 0L);
+		mpz_init(&mplongdigit);
+		
+		/* how we're gonna handle this? */
+		if (isnegative = ((i = ((longobject *)objp)->ob_size) < 0) )
+			i = -i;
+
+		while (i--) {
+			mpz_set_ui(&mplongdigit,
+				   (unsigned long)
+				   ((longobject *)objp)->ob_digit[i]);
+			mpz_mul_2exp(&mplongdigit,&mplongdigit,
+				     (unsigned long int)i * SHIFT);
+			mpz_ior(&mpzp->mpz, &mpzp->mpz, &mplongdigit);
+		}
+
+		if (isnegative)
+			mpz_neg(&mpzp->mpz, &mpzp->mpz);
+
+		/* get rid of allocation for tmp variable */
+		mpz_clear(&mplongdigit);
+	}
+	else if (is_stringobject(objp)) {
+		char *cp;
+		int len;
+		MP_INT mplongdigit;
+		
+		if (!getargs(objp, "s#", &cp, &len))
+			return NULL;
+
+		if ((mpzp = newmpzobject()) == NULL)
+			return NULL;
+
+		mpz_set_si(&mpzp->mpz, 0L);
+		mpz_init(&mplongdigit);
+		
+		/* let's do it the same way as with the long conversion:
+		   without thinking how it can be faster (-: :-) */
+
+		cp += len;
+		while (len--) {
+			mpz_set_ui(&mplongdigit, (unsigned long)*--cp );
+			mpz_mul_2exp(&mplongdigit,&mplongdigit,
+				     (unsigned long int)len * 8);
+			mpz_ior(&mpzp->mpz, &mpzp->mpz, &mplongdigit);
+		}
+
+		/* get rid of allocation for tmp variable */
+		mpz_clear(&mplongdigit);
+	}
+	else if (is_mpzobject(objp)) {
+		INCREF(objp);
+		mpzp = (mpzobject *)objp;
+	}
+	else {
+		err_setstr(TypeError,
+			   "mpz.mpz() expects integer, long, string or mpz object argument");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+
+#ifdef MPZ_DEBUG
+	fputs("MPZ_mpz: created mpz=", stderr);
+	mpz_out_str(stderr, 10, &mpzp->mpz);
+	putc('\n', stderr);
+#endif /* def MPZ_DEBUG */
+	return (object *)mpzp;
+} /* MPZ_mpz() */
+
+static mpzobject *
+mpz_mpzcoerce(z)
+	object *z;
+{
+	/* shortcut: 9 out of 10 times the type is already ok */
+	if (is_mpzobject(z)) {
+		INCREF(z);
+		return (mpzobject *)z;	/* coercion succeeded */
+	}
+
+	/* what types do we accept?: intobjects and longobjects */
+	if (is_intobject(z) || is_longobject(z))
+		return (mpzobject *)MPZ_mpz((object *)NULL, z);
+
+	err_setstr(TypeError, "number coercion (to mpzobject) failed");
+	return NULL;
+} /* mpz_mpzcoerce() */
+	
+static object *
+MPZ_powm(self, args)
+	object *self;
+	object *args;
+{
+	object *base, *exp, *mod;
+	mpzobject *mpzbase = NULL, *mpzexp = NULL, *mpzmod = NULL;
+	mpzobject *z;
+	int tstres;
+
+	
+	if (!getargs(args, "(OOO)", &base, &exp, &mod))
+		return NULL;
+
+	if ((mpzbase = mpz_mpzcoerce(base)) == NULL
+	    || (mpzexp = mpz_mpzcoerce(exp)) == NULL
+	    || (mpzmod = mpz_mpzcoerce(mod)) == NULL
+	    || (z = newmpzobject()) == NULL) {
+		XDECREF(mpzbase);
+		XDECREF(mpzexp);
+		XDECREF(mpzmod);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if ((tstres=mpz_cmp_ui(&mpzexp->mpz, (unsigned long int)0)) == 0) {
+		INCREF(mpz_value_one);
+		return (object *)mpz_value_one;
+	}
+
+	if (tstres < 0) {
+		MP_INT absexp;
+		/* negative exp */
+
+		mpz_init_set(&absexp, &mpzexp->mpz);
+		mpz_abs(&absexp, &absexp);
+		mpz_powm(&z->mpz, &mpzbase->mpz, &absexp, &mpzmod->mpz);
+
+		mpz_divm(&z->mpz, &mpz_value_one->mpz, &z->mpz, &mpzmod->mpz);
+		
+		mpz_clear(&absexp);
+	}
+	else {
+		mpz_powm(&z->mpz, &mpzbase->mpz, &mpzexp->mpz, &mpzmod->mpz);
+	}
+		
+	DECREF(mpzbase);
+	DECREF(mpzexp);
+	DECREF(mpzmod);
+
+	return (object *)z;
+} /* MPZ_powm() */
+
+
+static object *
+MPZ_gcd(self, args)
+	object *self;
+	object *args;
+{
+	object *op1, *op2;
+	mpzobject *mpzop1 = NULL, *mpzop2 = NULL;
+	mpzobject *z;
+
+	
+	if (!getargs(args, "(OO)", &op1, &op2))
+		return NULL;
+
+	if ((mpzop1 = mpz_mpzcoerce(op1)) == NULL
+	    || (mpzop2 = mpz_mpzcoerce(op2)) == NULL
+	    || (z = newmpzobject()) == NULL) {
+		XDECREF(mpzop1);
+		XDECREF(mpzop2);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* ok, we have three mpzobjects, and an initialised result holder */
+	mpz_gcd(&z->mpz, &mpzop1->mpz, &mpzop2->mpz);
+
+	DECREF(mpzop1);
+	DECREF(mpzop2);
+
+	return (object *)z;
+} /* MPZ_gcd() */
+
+
+static object *
+MPZ_gcdext(self, args)
+	object *self;
+	object *args;
+{
+	object *op1, *op2, *z = NULL;
+	mpzobject *mpzop1 = NULL, *mpzop2 = NULL;
+	mpzobject *g = NULL, *s = NULL, *t = NULL;
+
+	
+	if (!getargs(args, "(OO)", &op1, &op2))
+		return NULL;
+
+	if ((mpzop1 = mpz_mpzcoerce(op1)) == NULL
+	    || (mpzop2 = mpz_mpzcoerce(op2)) == NULL
+	    || (z = newtupleobject(3)) == NULL
+	    || (g = newmpzobject()) == NULL
+	    || (s = newmpzobject()) == NULL
+	    || (t = newmpzobject()) == NULL) {
+		XDECREF(mpzop1);
+		XDECREF(mpzop2);
+		XDECREF(z);
+		XDECREF(g);
+		XDECREF(s);
+		/*XDECREF(t);*/
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	mpz_gcdext(&g->mpz, &s->mpz, &t->mpz, &mpzop1->mpz, &mpzop2->mpz);
+
+	DECREF(mpzop1);
+	DECREF(mpzop2);
+
+	(void)settupleitem(z, 0, (object *)g);
+	(void)settupleitem(z, 1, (object *)s);
+	(void)settupleitem(z, 2, (object *)t);
+
+	return (object *)z;
+} /* MPZ_gcdext() */
+
+
+static object *
+MPZ_sqrt(self, args)
+	object *self;
+	object *args;
+{
+	object *op;
+	mpzobject *mpzop = NULL;
+	mpzobject *z;
+
+	
+	if (!getargs(args, "O", &op))
+		return NULL;
+
+	if ((mpzop = mpz_mpzcoerce(op)) == NULL
+	    || (z = newmpzobject()) == NULL) {
+		XDECREF(mpzop);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	mpz_sqrt(&z->mpz, &mpzop->mpz);
+
+	DECREF(mpzop);
+
+	return (object *)z;
+} /* MPZ_sqrt() */
+
+
+static object *
+MPZ_sqrtrem(self, args)
+	object *self;
+	object *args;
+{
+	object *op, *z = NULL;
+	mpzobject *mpzop = NULL;
+	mpzobject *root = NULL, *rem = NULL;
+
+	
+	if (!getargs(args, "O", &op))
+		return NULL;
+
+	if ((mpzop = mpz_mpzcoerce(op)) == NULL
+	    || (z = newtupleobject(2)) == NULL
+	    || (root = newmpzobject()) == NULL
+	    || (rem = newmpzobject()) == NULL) {
+		XDECREF(mpzop);
+		XDECREF(z);
+		XDECREF(root);
+		/*XDECREF(rem);*/
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	mpz_sqrtrem(&root->mpz, &rem->mpz, &mpzop->mpz);
+
+	DECREF(mpzop);
+
+	(void)settupleitem(z, 0, (object *)root);
+	(void)settupleitem(z, 1, (object *)rem);
+
+	return (object *)z;
+} /* MPZ_sqrtrem() */
+
+
+void
+#if __STDC__
+mpz_divm(MP_INT *res, const MP_INT *num, const MP_INT *den, const MP_INT *mod)
+#else
+mpz_divm(res, num, den, mod)
+	MP_INT *res;
+	const MP_INT *num;
+	const MP_INT *den;
+	const MP_INT *mod;
+#endif
+{
+	MP_INT s0, s1, q, r, x, d0, d1;
+
+	mpz_init_set(&s0, num);
+	mpz_init_set_ui(&s1, 0);
+	mpz_init(&q);
+	mpz_init(&r);
+	mpz_init(&x);
+	mpz_init_set(&d0, den);
+	mpz_init_set(&d1, mod);
+
+	while (d1.size != 0) {
+		mpz_divmod(&q, &r, &d0, &d1);
+		mpz_set(&d0, &d1);
+		mpz_set(&d1, &r);
+
+		mpz_mul(&x, &s1, &q);
+		mpz_sub(&x, &s0, &x);
+		mpz_set(&s0, &s1);
+		mpz_set(&s1, &x);
+	}
+
+	if (d0.size != 1 || d0.d[0] != 1)
+		res->size = 0;	/* trouble: the gcd != 1; set s to zero */
+	else {
+#ifdef MPZ_MDIV_BUG
+		/* watch out here! first check the signs, and then perform
+		   the mpz_mod() since mod could point to res */
+		if ((s0.size < 0) != (mod->size < 0)) {
+			mpz_mod(res, &s0, mod);
+
+			if (res->size)
+				mpz_add(res, res, mod);
+		}
+		else
+			mpz_mod(res, &s0, mod);
+		
+#else /* def MPZ_MDIV_BUG */
+		mpz_mmod(res, &s0, mod);
+#endif /* def MPZ_MDIV_BUG else */
+	}
+
+	mpz_clear(&s0);
+	mpz_clear(&s1);
+	mpz_clear(&q);
+	mpz_clear(&r);
+	mpz_clear(&x);
+	mpz_clear(&d0);
+	mpz_clear(&d1);
+} /* mpz_divm() */
+
+
+static object *
+MPZ_divm(self, args)
+	object *self;
+	object *args;
+{
+	object *num, *den, *mod;
+	mpzobject *mpznum, *mpzden, *mpzmod = NULL;
+	mpzobject *z = NULL;
+
+	
+	if (!getargs(args, "(OOO)", &num, &den, &mod))
+		return NULL;
+
+	if ((mpznum = mpz_mpzcoerce(num)) == NULL
+	    || (mpzden = mpz_mpzcoerce(den)) == NULL
+	    || (mpzmod = mpz_mpzcoerce(mod)) == NULL
+	    || (z = newmpzobject()) == NULL ) {
+		XDECREF(mpznum);
+		XDECREF(mpzden);
+		XDECREF(mpzmod);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	
+	mpz_divm(&z->mpz, &mpznum->mpz, &mpzden->mpz, &mpzmod->mpz);
+
+	DECREF(mpznum);
+	DECREF(mpzden);
+	DECREF(mpzmod);
+
+	if (mpz_cmp_ui(&z->mpz, (unsigned long int)0) == 0) {
+		DECREF(z);
+		err_setstr(ValueError, "gcd(den, mod) != 1 or num == 0");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return (object *)z;
+} /* MPZ_divm() */
+
+
+/* MPZ methods-as-attributes */
+#ifdef MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS
+static object *
+mpz_int(self, args)
+	mpzobject *self;
+	object *args;
+#else /* def MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS */
+static object *
+mpz_int(self)
+	mpzobject *self;
+#endif /* def MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS else */
+{
+	long sli;
+
+
+#ifdef MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS
+	if (!getnoarg(args))
+		return NULL;
+#endif /* def MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS */
+
+	if (mpz_size(&self->mpz) > 1
+	    || (sli = (long)mpz_get_ui(&self->mpz)) < (long)0 ) {
+		err_setstr(ValueError, "mpz.int() arg too long to convert");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (mpz_cmp_ui(&self->mpz, (unsigned long)0) < 0)
+		sli = -sli;
+
+	return newintobject(sli);
+} /* mpz_int() */
+	
+static object *
+#ifdef MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS
+mpz_long(self, args)
+	mpzobject *self;
+	object *args;
+#else /* def MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS */
+mpz_long(self)
+	mpzobject *self;
+#endif /* def MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS else */
+{
+	int i, isnegative;
+	unsigned long int uli;
+	longobject *longobjp;
+	int ldcount;
+	int bitpointer, newbitpointer;
+	MP_INT mpzscratch;
+
+
+#ifdef MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS
+	if (!getnoarg(args))
+		return NULL;
+#endif /* def MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS */
+
+	/* determine length of python-long to be allocated */
+	if ((longobjp = alloclongobject(i = (int)
+			    ((mpz_size(&self->mpz) * BITS_PER_MP_LIMB
+			      + SHIFT - 1) /
+			     SHIFT))) == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* determine sign, and copy self to scratch var */
+	mpz_init_set(&mpzscratch, &self->mpz);
+	if (isnegative = (mpz_cmp_ui(&self->mpz, (unsigned long int)0) < 0))
+		mpz_neg(&mpzscratch, &mpzscratch);
+
+	/* let those bits come, let those bits go,
+	   e.g. dismantle mpzscratch, build longobject */
+
+	bitpointer = 0;		/* the number of valid bits in stock */
+	newbitpointer = 0;
+	ldcount = 0;		/* the python-long limb counter */
+	uli = (unsigned long int)0;
+	while (i--) {
+		longobjp->ob_digit[ldcount] = uli & MASK;
+
+		/* check if we've had enough bits for this digit */
+		if (bitpointer < SHIFT) {
+			uli = mpz_get_ui(&mpzscratch);
+			longobjp->ob_digit[ldcount] |=
+				(uli << bitpointer) & MASK;
+			uli >>= SHIFT-bitpointer;
+			bitpointer += BITS_PER_MP_LIMB;
+			mpz_div_2exp(&mpzscratch, &mpzscratch,
+				     BITS_PER_MP_LIMB);
+		}
+		else
+			uli >>= SHIFT;
+		bitpointer -= SHIFT;
+		ldcount++;
+	}
+
+	assert(mpz_cmp_ui(&mpzscratch, (unsigned long int)0) == 0);
+	mpz_clear(&mpzscratch);
+	assert(ldcount <= longobjp->ob_size);
+
+	/* long_normalize() is file-static */
+	/* longobjp = long_normalize(longobjp); */
+	while (ldcount > 0 && longobjp->ob_digit[ldcount-1] == 0)
+		ldcount--;
+	longobjp->ob_size = ldcount;
+	
+
+	if (isnegative)
+		longobjp->ob_size = -longobjp->ob_size;
+
+	return (object *)longobjp;
+	
+} /* mpz_long() */
+
+
+/* I would have avoided pow() anyways, so ... */
+static const double multiplier = 256.0 * 256.0 * 256.0 * 256.0;
+	
+#ifdef MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS
+static object *
+mpz_float(self, args)
+	mpzobject *self;
+	object *args;
+#else /* def MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS */
+static object *
+mpz_float(self)
+	mpzobject *self;
+#endif /* def MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS else */
+{
+	int i, isnegative;
+	double x;
+	double mulstate;
+	MP_INT mpzscratch;
+
+
+#ifdef MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS
+	if (!getnoarg(args))
+		return NULL;
+#endif /* def MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS */
+
+	i = (int)mpz_size(&self->mpz);
+	
+	/* determine sign, and copy abs(self) to scratch var */
+	if (isnegative = (mpz_cmp_ui(&self->mpz, (unsigned long int)0) < 0)) {
+		mpz_init(&mpzscratch);
+		mpz_neg(&mpzscratch, &self->mpz);
+	}
+	else
+		mpz_init_set(&mpzscratch, &self->mpz);
+
+	/* let those bits come, let those bits go,
+	   e.g. dismantle mpzscratch, build floatobject */
+
+	x = 0.0;
+	mulstate = 1.0;
+	while (i--) {
+		x += mulstate * mpz_get_ui(&mpzscratch);
+		mulstate *= multiplier;
+		mpz_div_2exp(&mpzscratch, &mpzscratch, BITS_PER_MP_LIMB);
+	}
+
+	assert(mpz_cmp_ui(&mpzscratch, (unsigned long int)0) == 0);
+	mpz_clear(&mpzscratch);
+
+	if (isnegative)
+		x = -x;
+
+	return newfloatobject(x);
+	
+} /* mpz_float() */
+
+#ifdef MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS
+static object *
+mpz_hex(self, args)
+	mpzobject *self;
+	object *args;
+#else /* def MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS */
+static object *
+mpz_hex(self)
+	mpzobject *self;
+#endif /* def MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS else */
+{
+#ifdef MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS
+	if (!getnoarg(args))
+		return NULL;
+#endif /* def MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS */
+	
+	return mpz_format(self, 16, (unsigned char)1);
+} /* mpz_hex() */
+	
+#ifdef MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS
+static object *
+mpz_oct(self, args)
+	mpzobject *self;
+	object *args;
+#else /* def MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS */
+static object *
+mpz_oct(self)
+	mpzobject *self;
+#endif /* def MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS else */
+{
+#ifdef MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS
+	if (!getnoarg(args))
+		return NULL;
+#endif /* def MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS */
+	
+	return mpz_format(self, 8, (unsigned char)1);
+} /* mpz_oct() */
+	
+static object *
+mpz_binary(self, args)
+	mpzobject *self;
+	object *args;
+{
+	int size;
+	stringobject *strobjp;
+	char *cp;
+	MP_INT mp;
+	unsigned long ldigit;
+	
+	if (!getnoarg(args))
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (mpz_cmp_ui(&self->mpz, (unsigned long int)0) < 0) {
+		err_setstr(ValueError, "mpz.binary() arg must be >= 0");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	mpz_init_set(&mp, &self->mpz);
+	size = (int)mpz_size(&mp);
+
+	if ((strobjp = (stringobject *)
+	     newsizedstringobject((char *)0,
+				  size * sizeof (unsigned long int))) == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* get the beginning of the string memory and start copying things */
+	cp = GETSTRINGVALUE(strobjp);
+
+	/* this has been programmed using a (fairly) decent lib-i/f it could
+	   be must faster if we looked into the GMP lib */
+	while (size--) {
+		ldigit = mpz_get_ui(&mp);
+		mpz_div_2exp(&mp, &mp, BITS_PER_MP_LIMB);
+		*cp++ = (unsigned char)(ldigit & 0xFF);
+		*cp++ = (unsigned char)((ldigit >>= 8) & 0xFF);
+		*cp++ = (unsigned char)((ldigit >>= 8) & 0xFF);
+		*cp++ = (unsigned char)((ldigit >>= 8) & 0xFF);
+	}
+
+	while (strobjp->ob_size && !*--cp)
+		strobjp->ob_size--;
+
+	return (object *)strobjp;
+} /* mpz_binary() */
+	
+
+static struct methodlist mpz_methods[] = {
+#ifdef MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS
+	{"int",			mpz_int},
+	{"long",		mpz_long},
+	{"float",		mpz_float},
+	{"hex",			mpz_hex},
+	{"oct",			mpz_oct},
+#endif /* def MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS */
+	{"binary",		mpz_binary},
+	{NULL,			NULL}		/* sentinel */
+};
+
+static object *
+mpz_getattr(self, name)
+	mpzobject *self;
+	char *name;
+{
+	return findmethod(mpz_methods, (object *)self, name);
+} /* mpz_getattr() */
+
+
+static int
+mpz_coerce(pv, pw)
+	object **pv;
+	object **pw;
+{
+	object *z;
+
+#ifdef MPZ_DEBUG
+	fputs("mpz_coerce() called...\n", stderr);
+#endif /* def MPZ_DEBUG */
+
+	assert(is_mpzobject(*pv));
+
+	/* always convert other arg to mpz value, except for floats */
+	if (!is_floatobject(*pw)) {
+		if ((z = (object *)mpz_mpzcoerce(*pw)) == NULL)
+			return -1;	/* -1: an error always has been set */
+		
+		INCREF(*pv);
+		*pw = z;
+	}
+	else {
+		if ((z = mpz_float(*pv, NULL)) == NULL)
+			return -1;
+
+		INCREF(*pw);
+		*pv = z;
+	}
+	return 0;		/* coercion succeeded */
+
+} /* mpz_coerce() */
+
+
+static object *
+mpz_repr(v)
+	object *v;
+{
+	return mpz_format(v, 10, (unsigned char)1);
+} /* mpz_repr() */
+
+
+
+#define UF (object* (*) FPROTO((object *))) /* Unary function */
+#define BF (object* (*) FPROTO((object *, object *))) /* Binary function */
+#define IF (int (*) FPROTO((object *))) /* Int function */
+
+static number_methods mpz_as_number = {
+	BF mpz_addition,	/*nb_add*/
+	BF mpz_substract,	/*nb_subtract*/
+	BF mpz_multiply,	/*nb_multiply*/
+	BF mpz_divide,		/*nb_divide*/
+	BF mpz_remainder,	/*nb_remainder*/
+	BF mpz_div_and_mod,	/*nb_divmod*/
+	BF mpz_power,		/*nb_power*/
+	UF mpz_negative,	/*nb_negative*/
+	UF mpz_positive,	/*tp_positive*/
+	UF mpz_absolute,	/*tp_absolute*/
+	IF mpz_nonzero,		/*tp_nonzero*/
+	UF mpz_invert,		/*nb_invert*/
+	BF mpz_lshift,		/*nb_lshift*/
+	BF mpz_rshift,		/*nb_rshift*/
+	BF mpz_andfunc,		/*nb_and*/
+	BF mpz_xorfunc,		/*nb_xor*/
+	BF mpz_orfunc,		/*nb_or*/
+	(int (*) FPROTO((object **, object **)))
+	mpz_coerce,		/*nb_coerce*/
+#ifndef MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS
+	UF mpz_int,		/*nb_int*/
+	UF mpz_long,		/*nb_long*/
+	UF mpz_float,		/*nb_float*/
+	UF mpz_oct,		/*nb_oct*/
+	UF mpz_hex,		/*nb_hex*/
+#endif /* ndef MPZ_CONVERSIONS_AS_METHODS */
+};
+
+static typeobject MPZtype = {
+	OB_HEAD_INIT(&Typetype)
+	0,			/*ob_size*/
+	"mpz",			/*tp_name*/
+	sizeof(mpzobject),	/*tp_size*/
+	0,			/*tp_itemsize*/
+	/* methods */
+	mpz_dealloc,	/*tp_dealloc*/
+	mpz_print,	/*tp_print*/
+	mpz_getattr,	/*tp_getattr*/
+	0,		/*tp_setattr*/
+	mpz_compare,	/*tp_compare*/
+	mpz_repr,	/*tp_repr*/
+        &mpz_as_number, /*tp_as_number*/
+};
+
+/* List of functions exported by this module */
+
+static struct methodlist mpz_functions[] = {
+#if 0
+	{initialiser_name,	MPZ_mpz},
+#else /* 0 */
+	/* until guido ``fixes'' struct methodlist */
+	{(char *)initialiser_name,	MPZ_mpz},
+#endif /* 0 else */	
+	{"powm",		MPZ_powm},
+	{"gcd",			MPZ_gcd},
+	{"gcdext",		MPZ_gcdext},
+	{"sqrt",		MPZ_sqrt},
+	{"sqrtrem",		MPZ_sqrtrem},
+	{"divm",		MPZ_divm},
+	{NULL,			NULL}		 /* Sentinel */
+};
+
+
+/* #define MP_TEST_ALLOC */
+
+#ifdef MP_TEST_ALLOC
+#define MP_TEST_SIZE		4
+static const char mp_test_magic[MP_TEST_SIZE] = {'\xAA','\xAA','\xAA','\xAA'};
+static mp_test_error( location )
+	int *location;
+{
+	/* assumptions: *alloc returns address dividable by 4,
+	mpz_* routines allocate in chunks dividable by four */
+	fprintf(stderr, "MP_TEST_ERROR: location holds 0x%08d\n", *location );
+	fatal("MP_TEST_ERROR");
+} /* static mp_test_error() */
+#define MP_EXTRA_ALLOC(size)	((size) + MP_TEST_SIZE)
+#define MP_SET_TEST(basep,size)	(void)memcpy( ((char *)(basep))+(size), mp_test_magic, MP_TEST_SIZE)
+#define MP_DO_TEST(basep,size)	if ( !memcmp( ((char *)(basep))+(size), mp_test_magic, MP_TEST_SIZE ) ) \
+					; \
+				else \
+					mp_test_error((int *)((char *)(basep) + size))
+#else /* def MP_TEST_ALLOC */
+#define MP_EXTRA_ALLOC(size)	(size)
+#define MP_SET_TEST(basep,size)
+#define MP_DO_TEST(basep,size)
+#endif /* def MP_TEST_ALLOC else */
+
+void *mp_allocate( alloc_size )
+	size_t	alloc_size;
+{
+	void *res;
+
+#ifdef MPZ_DEBUG
+	fprintf(stderr, "mp_allocate  :                             size %ld\n",
+		alloc_size);
+#endif /* def MPZ_DEBUG */	
+
+	if ( (res = malloc(MP_EXTRA_ALLOC(alloc_size))) == NULL )
+		fatal("mp_allocate failure");
+
+#ifdef MPZ_DEBUG
+	fprintf(stderr, "mp_allocate  :     address 0x%08x\n", res);
+#endif /* def MPZ_DEBUG */	
+
+	MP_SET_TEST(res,alloc_size);
+	
+	return res;
+} /* mp_allocate() */
+
+
+void *mp_reallocate( ptr, old_size, new_size )
+	void *ptr;
+	size_t old_size;
+	size_t new_size;
+{
+	void *res;
+
+#ifdef MPZ_DEBUG
+	fprintf(stderr, "mp_reallocate: old address 0x%08x, old size %ld\n",
+		ptr, old_size);
+#endif /* def MPZ_DEBUG */	
+
+	MP_DO_TEST(ptr, old_size);
+	
+	if ( (res = realloc(ptr, MP_EXTRA_ALLOC(new_size))) == NULL )
+		fatal("mp_reallocate failure");
+
+#ifdef MPZ_DEBUG
+	fprintf(stderr, "mp_reallocate: new address 0x%08x, new size %ld\n",
+		res, new_size);
+#endif /* def MPZ_DEBUG */	
+
+	MP_SET_TEST(res, new_size);
+
+	return res;
+} /* mp_reallocate() */
+
+
+void mp_free( ptr, size )
+	void *ptr;
+	size_t size;
+{
+
+#ifdef MPZ_DEBUG
+	fprintf(stderr, "mp_free      : old address 0x%08x, old size %ld\n",
+		ptr, size);
+#endif /* def MPZ_DEBUG */	
+
+	MP_DO_TEST(ptr, size);
+	free(ptr);
+} /* mp_free() */
+
+
+
+/* Initialize this module. */
+
+void
+initmpz()
+{
+#ifdef MPZ_DEBUG
+	fputs( "initmpz() called...\n", stderr );
+#endif /* def MPZ_DEBUG */
+
+	mp_set_memory_functions( mp_allocate, mp_reallocate, mp_free );
+	(void)initmodule("mpz", mpz_functions);
+
+	/* create some frequently used constants */
+	if ((mpz_value_zero = newmpzobject()) == NULL)
+		fatal("initmpz: can't initialize mpz contstants");
+	mpz_set_ui(&mpz_value_zero->mpz, (unsigned long int)0);
+
+	if ((mpz_value_one = newmpzobject()) == NULL)
+		fatal("initmpz: can't initialize mpz contstants");
+	mpz_set_ui(&mpz_value_one->mpz, (unsigned long int)1);
+
+	if ((mpz_value_mone = newmpzobject()) == NULL)
+		fatal("initmpz: can't initialize mpz contstants");
+	mpz_set_si(&mpz_value_mone->mpz, (long)-1);
+
+} /* initmpz() */
+#ifdef MAKEDUMMYINT
+int _mpz_dummy_int;	/* XXX otherwise, we're .bss-less (DYNLOAD->Jack?) */
+#endif /* def MAKEDUMMYINT */