bpo-35582: Argument Clinic: inline parsing code for positional parameters. (GH-11313)

41 files changed, 4621 insertions, 522 deletions

diff --git a/Modules/_io/clinic/bufferedio.c.h b/Modules/_io/clinic/bufferedio.c.h
index 6569e02..6345b9e 100644
--- a/Modules/_io/clinic/bufferedio.c.h
+++ b/Modules/_io/clinic/bufferedio.c.h
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ _io__BufferedIOBase_readinto(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
 
     if (PyObject_GetBuffer(arg, &buffer, PyBUF_WRITABLE) < 0) {
         PyErr_Clear();
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto", "read-write bytes-like object", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto", 0, "read-write bytes-like object", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&buffer, 'C')) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _io__BufferedIOBase_readinto_impl(self, &buffer);
@@ -58,11 +58,11 @@ _io__BufferedIOBase_readinto1(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
 
     if (PyObject_GetBuffer(arg, &buffer, PyBUF_WRITABLE) < 0) {
         PyErr_Clear();
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto1", "read-write bytes-like object", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto1", 0, "read-write bytes-like object", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&buffer, 'C')) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto1", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto1", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _io__BufferedIOBase_readinto1_impl(self, &buffer);
@@ -114,10 +114,30 @@ _io__Buffered_peek(buffered *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t size = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|n:peek",
-        &size)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("peek", nargs, 0, 1)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    {
+        Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
+        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
+        if (iobj != NULL) {
+            ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
+            Py_DECREF(iobj);
+        }
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        size = ival;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _io__Buffered_peek_impl(self, size);
 
 exit:
@@ -141,10 +161,16 @@ _io__Buffered_read(buffered *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t n = -1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|O&:read",
-        _Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t, &n)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("read", nargs, 0, 1)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t(args[0], &n)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _io__Buffered_read_impl(self, n);
 
 exit:
@@ -168,10 +194,30 @@ _io__Buffered_read1(buffered *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t n = -1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|n:read1",
-        &n)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("read1", nargs, 0, 1)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
         goto exit;
     }
+    {
+        Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
+        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
+        if (iobj != NULL) {
+            ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
+            Py_DECREF(iobj);
+        }
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        n = ival;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _io__Buffered_read1_impl(self, n);
 
 exit:
@@ -197,11 +243,11 @@ _io__Buffered_readinto(buffered *self, PyObject *arg)
 
     if (PyObject_GetBuffer(arg, &buffer, PyBUF_WRITABLE) < 0) {
         PyErr_Clear();
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto", "read-write bytes-like object", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto", 0, "read-write bytes-like object", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&buffer, 'C')) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _io__Buffered_readinto_impl(self, &buffer);
@@ -234,11 +280,11 @@ _io__Buffered_readinto1(buffered *self, PyObject *arg)
 
     if (PyObject_GetBuffer(arg, &buffer, PyBUF_WRITABLE) < 0) {
         PyErr_Clear();
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto1", "read-write bytes-like object", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto1", 0, "read-write bytes-like object", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&buffer, 'C')) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto1", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto1", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _io__Buffered_readinto1_impl(self, &buffer);
@@ -269,10 +315,16 @@ _io__Buffered_readline(buffered *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t size = -1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|O&:readline",
-        _Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t, &size)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("readline", nargs, 0, 1)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t(args[0], &size)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _io__Buffered_readline_impl(self, size);
 
 exit:
@@ -297,10 +349,23 @@ _io__Buffered_seek(buffered *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *targetobj;
     int whence = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O|i:seek",
-        &targetobj, &whence)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("seek", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    targetobj = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
         goto exit;
     }
+    whence = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (whence == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _io__Buffered_seek_impl(self, targetobj, whence);
 
 exit:
@@ -418,7 +483,7 @@ _io_BufferedWriter_write(buffered *self, PyObject *arg)
         goto exit;
     }
     if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&buffer, 'C')) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("write", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("write", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _io_BufferedWriter_write_impl(self, &buffer);
@@ -462,10 +527,32 @@ _io_BufferedRWPair___init__(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
         !_PyArg_NoKeywords("BufferedRWPair", kwargs)) {
         goto exit;
     }
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO|n:BufferedRWPair",
-        &reader, &writer, &buffer_size)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("BufferedRWPair", PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args), 2, 3)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    reader = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0);
+    writer = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 1);
+    if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 2))) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    {
+        Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
+        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 2));
+        if (iobj != NULL) {
+            ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
+            Py_DECREF(iobj);
+        }
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        buffer_size = ival;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _io_BufferedRWPair___init___impl((rwpair *)self, reader, writer, buffer_size);
 
 exit:
@@ -504,4 +591,4 @@ _io_BufferedRandom___init__(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=40de95d461a20782 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=a85f61f495feff5c input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/_io/clinic/bytesio.c.h b/Modules/_io/clinic/bytesio.c.h
index 07c8866..5588416 100644
--- a/Modules/_io/clinic/bytesio.c.h
+++ b/Modules/_io/clinic/bytesio.c.h
@@ -169,10 +169,16 @@ _io_BytesIO_read(bytesio *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t size = -1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|O&:read",
-        _Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t, &size)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("read", nargs, 0, 1)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t(args[0], &size)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _io_BytesIO_read_impl(self, size);
 
 exit:
@@ -200,10 +206,16 @@ _io_BytesIO_read1(bytesio *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t size = -1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|O&:read1",
-        _Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t, &size)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("read1", nargs, 0, 1)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t(args[0], &size)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _io_BytesIO_read1_impl(self, size);
 
 exit:
@@ -232,10 +244,16 @@ _io_BytesIO_readline(bytesio *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t size = -1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|O&:readline",
-        _Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t, &size)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("readline", nargs, 0, 1)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t(args[0], &size)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _io_BytesIO_readline_impl(self, size);
 
 exit:
@@ -298,11 +316,11 @@ _io_BytesIO_readinto(bytesio *self, PyObject *arg)
 
     if (PyObject_GetBuffer(arg, &buffer, PyBUF_WRITABLE) < 0) {
         PyErr_Clear();
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto", "read-write bytes-like object", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto", 0, "read-write bytes-like object", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&buffer, 'C')) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _io_BytesIO_readinto_impl(self, &buffer);
@@ -337,10 +355,16 @@ _io_BytesIO_truncate(bytesio *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t size = self->pos;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|O&:truncate",
-        _Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t, &size)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("truncate", nargs, 0, 1)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t(args[0], &size)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _io_BytesIO_truncate_impl(self, size);
 
 exit:
@@ -372,10 +396,39 @@ _io_BytesIO_seek(bytesio *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_ssize_t pos;
     int whence = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "n|i:seek",
-        &pos, &whence)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("seek", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    {
+        Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
+        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
+        if (iobj != NULL) {
+            ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
+            Py_DECREF(iobj);
+        }
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        pos = ival;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    whence = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (whence == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _io_BytesIO_seek_impl(self, pos, whence);
 
 exit:
@@ -450,4 +503,4 @@ _io_BytesIO___init__(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=f6e720f38fc6e3cd input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=5c68eb481fa960bf input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/_io/clinic/fileio.c.h b/Modules/_io/clinic/fileio.c.h
index bf40f7f..280549e 100644
--- a/Modules/_io/clinic/fileio.c.h
+++ b/Modules/_io/clinic/fileio.c.h
@@ -158,11 +158,11 @@ _io_FileIO_readinto(fileio *self, PyObject *arg)
 
     if (PyObject_GetBuffer(arg, &buffer, PyBUF_WRITABLE) < 0) {
         PyErr_Clear();
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto", "read-write bytes-like object", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto", 0, "read-write bytes-like object", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&buffer, 'C')) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _io_FileIO_readinto_impl(self, &buffer);
@@ -219,10 +219,16 @@ _io_FileIO_read(fileio *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t size = -1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|O&:read",
-        _Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t, &size)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("read", nargs, 0, 1)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t(args[0], &size)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _io_FileIO_read_impl(self, size);
 
 exit:
@@ -255,7 +261,7 @@ _io_FileIO_write(fileio *self, PyObject *arg)
         goto exit;
     }
     if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&b, 'C')) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("write", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("write", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _io_FileIO_write_impl(self, &b);
@@ -296,10 +302,23 @@ _io_FileIO_seek(fileio *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *pos;
     int whence = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O|i:seek",
-        &pos, &whence)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("seek", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    pos = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    whence = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (whence == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _io_FileIO_seek_impl(self, pos, whence);
 
 exit:
@@ -383,4 +402,4 @@ _io_FileIO_isatty(fileio *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 #ifndef _IO_FILEIO_TRUNCATE_METHODDEF
     #define _IO_FILEIO_TRUNCATE_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(_IO_FILEIO_TRUNCATE_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=8be0ea9a5ac7aa43 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=4cf4e5f0cd656b11 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/_io/clinic/iobase.c.h b/Modules/_io/clinic/iobase.c.h
index 68eaadd..a5c8eea 100644
--- a/Modules/_io/clinic/iobase.c.h
+++ b/Modules/_io/clinic/iobase.c.h
@@ -185,10 +185,16 @@ _io__IOBase_readline(PyObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t limit = -1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|O&:readline",
-        _Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t, &limit)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("readline", nargs, 0, 1)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t(args[0], &limit)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _io__IOBase_readline_impl(self, limit);
 
 exit:
@@ -217,10 +223,16 @@ _io__IOBase_readlines(PyObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t hint = -1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|O&:readlines",
-        _Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t, &hint)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("readlines", nargs, 0, 1)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t(args[0], &hint)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _io__IOBase_readlines_impl(self, hint);
 
 exit:
@@ -252,10 +264,30 @@ _io__RawIOBase_read(PyObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t n = -1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|n:read",
-        &n)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("read", nargs, 0, 1)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    {
+        Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
+        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
+        if (iobj != NULL) {
+            ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
+            Py_DECREF(iobj);
+        }
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        n = ival;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _io__RawIOBase_read_impl(self, n);
 
 exit:
@@ -279,4 +311,4 @@ _io__RawIOBase_readall(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
     return _io__RawIOBase_readall_impl(self);
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=cde4b0e96a4e69e3 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=60e43a7cbd9f314e input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/_io/clinic/stringio.c.h b/Modules/_io/clinic/stringio.c.h
index 3181688..1757d83 100644
--- a/Modules/_io/clinic/stringio.c.h
+++ b/Modules/_io/clinic/stringio.c.h
@@ -59,10 +59,16 @@ _io_StringIO_read(stringio *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t size = -1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|O&:read",
-        _Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t, &size)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("read", nargs, 0, 1)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t(args[0], &size)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _io_StringIO_read_impl(self, size);
 
 exit:
@@ -89,10 +95,16 @@ _io_StringIO_readline(stringio *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t size = -1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|O&:readline",
-        _Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t, &size)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("readline", nargs, 0, 1)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t(args[0], &size)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _io_StringIO_readline_impl(self, size);
 
 exit:
@@ -121,10 +133,16 @@ _io_StringIO_truncate(stringio *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t size = self->pos;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|O&:truncate",
-        _Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t, &size)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("truncate", nargs, 0, 1)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t(args[0], &size)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _io_StringIO_truncate_impl(self, size);
 
 exit:
@@ -156,10 +174,39 @@ _io_StringIO_seek(stringio *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_ssize_t pos;
     int whence = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "n|i:seek",
-        &pos, &whence)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("seek", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    {
+        Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
+        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
+        if (iobj != NULL) {
+            ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
+            Py_DECREF(iobj);
+        }
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        pos = ival;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    whence = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (whence == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _io_StringIO_seek_impl(self, pos, whence);
 
 exit:
@@ -286,4 +333,4 @@ _io_StringIO_seekable(stringio *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
     return _io_StringIO_seekable_impl(self);
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=00c3c7a1c6ea6773 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=db5e51dcc4dae8d5 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/_io/clinic/textio.c.h b/Modules/_io/clinic/textio.c.h
index f056416e..0ff0324 100644
--- a/Modules/_io/clinic/textio.c.h
+++ b/Modules/_io/clinic/textio.c.h
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_write(textio *self, PyObject *arg)
     PyObject *text;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("write", "str", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("write", 0, "str", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     if (PyUnicode_READY(arg) == -1) {
@@ -281,10 +281,16 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_read(textio *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t n = -1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|O&:read",
-        _Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t, &n)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("read", nargs, 0, 1)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t(args[0], &n)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _io_TextIOWrapper_read_impl(self, n);
 
 exit:
@@ -308,10 +314,30 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_readline(textio *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t size = -1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|n:readline",
-        &size)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("readline", nargs, 0, 1)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
         goto exit;
     }
+    {
+        Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
+        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
+        if (iobj != NULL) {
+            ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
+            Py_DECREF(iobj);
+        }
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        size = ival;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _io_TextIOWrapper_readline_impl(self, size);
 
 exit:
@@ -336,10 +362,23 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_seek(textio *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *cookieObj;
     int whence = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O|i:seek",
-        &cookieObj, &whence)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("seek", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    cookieObj = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    whence = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (whence == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _io_TextIOWrapper_seek_impl(self, cookieObj, whence);
 
 exit:
@@ -509,4 +548,4 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_close(textio *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
     return _io_TextIOWrapper_close_impl(self);
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=b933f08c2f2d85cd input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=8bdd1035bf878d6f input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/_io/clinic/winconsoleio.c.h b/Modules/_io/clinic/winconsoleio.c.h
index 65cac66..e7cd854 100644
--- a/Modules/_io/clinic/winconsoleio.c.h
+++ b/Modules/_io/clinic/winconsoleio.c.h
@@ -158,11 +158,11 @@ _io__WindowsConsoleIO_readinto(winconsoleio *self, PyObject *arg)
 
     if (PyObject_GetBuffer(arg, &buffer, PyBUF_WRITABLE) < 0) {
         PyErr_Clear();
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto", "read-write bytes-like object", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto", 0, "read-write bytes-like object", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&buffer, 'C')) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("readinto", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _io__WindowsConsoleIO_readinto_impl(self, &buffer);
@@ -226,10 +226,16 @@ _io__WindowsConsoleIO_read(winconsoleio *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t size = -1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|O&:read",
-        _Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t, &size)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("read", nargs, 0, 1)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_convert_optional_to_ssize_t(args[0], &size)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _io__WindowsConsoleIO_read_impl(self, size);
 
 exit:
@@ -265,7 +271,7 @@ _io__WindowsConsoleIO_write(winconsoleio *self, PyObject *arg)
         goto exit;
     }
     if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&b, 'C')) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("write", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("write", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _io__WindowsConsoleIO_write_impl(self, &b);
@@ -338,4 +344,4 @@ _io__WindowsConsoleIO_isatty(winconsoleio *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 #ifndef _IO__WINDOWSCONSOLEIO_ISATTY_METHODDEF
     #define _IO__WINDOWSCONSOLEIO_ISATTY_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(_IO__WINDOWSCONSOLEIO_ISATTY_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=4337e8de65915a1e input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=ab0f0ee8062eecb3 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/cjkcodecs/clinic/multibytecodec.c.h b/Modules/cjkcodecs/clinic/multibytecodec.c.h
index 1fef185..871bf33 100644
--- a/Modules/cjkcodecs/clinic/multibytecodec.c.h
+++ b/Modules/cjkcodecs/clinic/multibytecodec.c.h
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ _multibytecodec_MultibyteIncrementalEncoder_setstate(MultibyteIncrementalEncoder
     PyLongObject *statelong;
 
     if (!PyLong_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("setstate", "int", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("setstate", 0, "int", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     statelong = (PyLongObject *)arg;
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ _multibytecodec_MultibyteIncrementalDecoder_setstate(MultibyteIncrementalDecoder
     PyObject *state;
 
     if (!PyTuple_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("setstate", "tuple", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("setstate", 0, "tuple", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     state = arg;
@@ -422,4 +422,4 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(_multibytecodec___create_codec__doc__,
 
 #define _MULTIBYTECODEC___CREATE_CODEC_METHODDEF    \
     {"__create_codec", (PyCFunction)_multibytecodec___create_codec, METH_O, _multibytecodec___create_codec__doc__},
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=a94364d0965adf1d input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=2ed7030b28a79029 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_bz2module.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_bz2module.c.h
index dce746d..fb64333 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_bz2module.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_bz2module.c.h
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ _bz2_BZ2Compressor_compress(BZ2Compressor *self, PyObject *arg)
         goto exit;
     }
     if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("compress", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("compress", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _bz2_BZ2Compressor_compress_impl(self, &data);
@@ -89,10 +89,22 @@ _bz2_BZ2Compressor___init__(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
         !_PyArg_NoKeywords("BZ2Compressor", kwargs)) {
         goto exit;
     }
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|i:BZ2Compressor",
-        &compresslevel)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("BZ2Compressor", PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args), 0, 1)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0))) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    compresslevel = _PyLong_AsInt(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0));
+    if (compresslevel == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _bz2_BZ2Compressor___init___impl((BZ2Compressor *)self, compresslevel);
 
 exit:
@@ -178,4 +190,4 @@ _bz2_BZ2Decompressor___init__(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=8549cccdb82f57d9 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=892c6133e97ff840 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_codecsmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_codecsmodule.c.h
index 360a134..a8223ad 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_codecsmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_codecsmodule.c.h
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ _codecs_lookup(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
     const char *encoding;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("lookup", "str", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("lookup", 0, "str", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     Py_ssize_t encoding_length;
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ _codecs__forget_codec(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
     const char *encoding;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("_forget_codec", "str", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("_forget_codec", 0, "str", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     Py_ssize_t encoding_length;
@@ -186,10 +186,48 @@ _codecs_escape_decode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_buffer data = {NULL, NULL};
     const char *errors = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "s*|z:escape_decode",
-        &data, &errors)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("escape_decode", nargs, 1, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        Py_ssize_t len;
+        const char *ptr = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[0], &len);
+        if (ptr == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        PyBuffer_FillInfo(&data, args[0], (void *)ptr, len, 1, 0);
+    }
+    else { /* any bytes-like object */
+        if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+            _PyArg_BadArgument("escape_decode", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("escape_decode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_escape_decode_impl(module, &data, errors);
 
 exit:
@@ -220,10 +258,36 @@ _codecs_escape_encode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *data;
     const char *errors = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O!|z:escape_encode",
-        &PyBytes_Type, &data, &errors)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("escape_encode", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBytes_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("escape_encode", 1, "bytes", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    data = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("escape_encode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_escape_encode_impl(module, data, errors);
 
 exit:
@@ -249,10 +313,32 @@ _codecs_unicode_internal_decode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssiz
     PyObject *obj;
     const char *errors = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O|z:unicode_internal_decode",
-        &obj, &errors)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("unicode_internal_decode", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    obj = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("unicode_internal_decode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_unicode_internal_decode_impl(module, obj, errors);
 
 exit:
@@ -279,10 +365,50 @@ _codecs_utf_7_decode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     const char *errors = NULL;
     int final = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*|zi:utf_7_decode",
-        &data, &errors, &final)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("utf_7_decode", nargs, 1, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_7_decode", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_7_decode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    final = _PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (final == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_utf_7_decode_impl(module, &data, errors, final);
 
 exit:
@@ -314,10 +440,50 @@ _codecs_utf_8_decode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     const char *errors = NULL;
     int final = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*|zi:utf_8_decode",
-        &data, &errors, &final)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("utf_8_decode", nargs, 1, 3)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_8_decode", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_8_decode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    final = _PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (final == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_utf_8_decode_impl(module, &data, errors, final);
 
 exit:
@@ -349,10 +515,50 @@ _codecs_utf_16_decode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     const char *errors = NULL;
     int final = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*|zi:utf_16_decode",
-        &data, &errors, &final)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("utf_16_decode", nargs, 1, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_16_decode", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_16_decode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
         goto exit;
     }
+    final = _PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (final == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_utf_16_decode_impl(module, &data, errors, final);
 
 exit:
@@ -384,10 +590,50 @@ _codecs_utf_16_le_decode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
     const char *errors = NULL;
     int final = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*|zi:utf_16_le_decode",
-        &data, &errors, &final)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("utf_16_le_decode", nargs, 1, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_16_le_decode", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_16_le_decode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    final = _PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (final == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_utf_16_le_decode_impl(module, &data, errors, final);
 
 exit:
@@ -419,10 +665,50 @@ _codecs_utf_16_be_decode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
     const char *errors = NULL;
     int final = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*|zi:utf_16_be_decode",
-        &data, &errors, &final)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("utf_16_be_decode", nargs, 1, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_16_be_decode", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_16_be_decode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    final = _PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (final == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_utf_16_be_decode_impl(module, &data, errors, final);
 
 exit:
@@ -456,10 +742,62 @@ _codecs_utf_16_ex_decode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
     int byteorder = 0;
     int final = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*|zii:utf_16_ex_decode",
-        &data, &errors, &byteorder, &final)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("utf_16_ex_decode", nargs, 1, 4)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_16_ex_decode", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_16_ex_decode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    byteorder = _PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (byteorder == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 4) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[3])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    final = _PyLong_AsInt(args[3]);
+    if (final == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_utf_16_ex_decode_impl(module, &data, errors, byteorder, final);
 
 exit:
@@ -491,10 +829,50 @@ _codecs_utf_32_decode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     const char *errors = NULL;
     int final = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*|zi:utf_32_decode",
-        &data, &errors, &final)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("utf_32_decode", nargs, 1, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_32_decode", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_32_decode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
         goto exit;
     }
+    final = _PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (final == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_utf_32_decode_impl(module, &data, errors, final);
 
 exit:
@@ -526,10 +904,50 @@ _codecs_utf_32_le_decode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
     const char *errors = NULL;
     int final = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*|zi:utf_32_le_decode",
-        &data, &errors, &final)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("utf_32_le_decode", nargs, 1, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_32_le_decode", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_32_le_decode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    final = _PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (final == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_utf_32_le_decode_impl(module, &data, errors, final);
 
 exit:
@@ -561,10 +979,50 @@ _codecs_utf_32_be_decode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
     const char *errors = NULL;
     int final = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*|zi:utf_32_be_decode",
-        &data, &errors, &final)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("utf_32_be_decode", nargs, 1, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_32_be_decode", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_32_be_decode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    final = _PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (final == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_utf_32_be_decode_impl(module, &data, errors, final);
 
 exit:
@@ -598,10 +1056,62 @@ _codecs_utf_32_ex_decode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
     int byteorder = 0;
     int final = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*|zii:utf_32_ex_decode",
-        &data, &errors, &byteorder, &final)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("utf_32_ex_decode", nargs, 1, 4)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_32_ex_decode", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_32_ex_decode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    byteorder = _PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (byteorder == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 4) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[3])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    final = _PyLong_AsInt(args[3]);
+    if (final == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_utf_32_ex_decode_impl(module, &data, errors, byteorder, final);
 
 exit:
@@ -632,10 +1142,48 @@ _codecs_unicode_escape_decode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_
     Py_buffer data = {NULL, NULL};
     const char *errors = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "s*|z:unicode_escape_decode",
-        &data, &errors)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("unicode_escape_decode", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        Py_ssize_t len;
+        const char *ptr = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[0], &len);
+        if (ptr == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        PyBuffer_FillInfo(&data, args[0], (void *)ptr, len, 1, 0);
+    }
+    else { /* any bytes-like object */
+        if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+            _PyArg_BadArgument("unicode_escape_decode", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("unicode_escape_decode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_unicode_escape_decode_impl(module, &data, errors);
 
 exit:
@@ -666,10 +1214,48 @@ _codecs_raw_unicode_escape_decode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ss
     Py_buffer data = {NULL, NULL};
     const char *errors = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "s*|z:raw_unicode_escape_decode",
-        &data, &errors)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("raw_unicode_escape_decode", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        Py_ssize_t len;
+        const char *ptr = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[0], &len);
+        if (ptr == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        PyBuffer_FillInfo(&data, args[0], (void *)ptr, len, 1, 0);
+    }
+    else { /* any bytes-like object */
+        if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+            _PyArg_BadArgument("raw_unicode_escape_decode", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("raw_unicode_escape_decode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_raw_unicode_escape_decode_impl(module, &data, errors);
 
 exit:
@@ -700,10 +1286,38 @@ _codecs_latin_1_decode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs
     Py_buffer data = {NULL, NULL};
     const char *errors = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*|z:latin_1_decode",
-        &data, &errors)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("latin_1_decode", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("latin_1_decode", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("latin_1_decode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_latin_1_decode_impl(module, &data, errors);
 
 exit:
@@ -734,10 +1348,38 @@ _codecs_ascii_decode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_buffer data = {NULL, NULL};
     const char *errors = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*|z:ascii_decode",
-        &data, &errors)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("ascii_decode", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("ascii_decode", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("ascii_decode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_ascii_decode_impl(module, &data, errors);
 
 exit:
@@ -769,10 +1411,42 @@ _codecs_charmap_decode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs
     const char *errors = NULL;
     PyObject *mapping = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*|zO:charmap_decode",
-        &data, &errors, &mapping)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("charmap_decode", nargs, 1, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("charmap_decode", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("charmap_decode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    mapping = args[2];
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_charmap_decode_impl(module, &data, errors, mapping);
 
 exit:
@@ -806,10 +1480,50 @@ _codecs_mbcs_decode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     const char *errors = NULL;
     int final = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*|zi:mbcs_decode",
-        &data, &errors, &final)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("mbcs_decode", nargs, 1, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("mbcs_decode", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("mbcs_decode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    final = _PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (final == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_mbcs_decode_impl(module, &data, errors, final);
 
 exit:
@@ -845,10 +1559,50 @@ _codecs_oem_decode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     const char *errors = NULL;
     int final = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*|zi:oem_decode",
-        &data, &errors, &final)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("oem_decode", nargs, 1, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("oem_decode", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("oem_decode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    final = _PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (final == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_oem_decode_impl(module, &data, errors, final);
 
 exit:
@@ -885,10 +1639,59 @@ _codecs_code_page_decode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
     const char *errors = NULL;
     int final = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "iy*|zi:code_page_decode",
-        &codepage, &data, &errors, &final)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("code_page_decode", nargs, 2, 4)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
         goto exit;
     }
+    codepage = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (codepage == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[1], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("code_page_decode", 2, "contiguous buffer", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[2] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[2])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[2], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("code_page_decode", 3, "str or None", args[2]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 4) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[3])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    final = _PyLong_AsInt(args[3]);
+    if (final == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_code_page_decode_impl(module, codepage, &data, errors, final);
 
 exit:
@@ -921,10 +1724,48 @@ _codecs_readbuffer_encode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t na
     Py_buffer data = {NULL, NULL};
     const char *errors = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "s*|z:readbuffer_encode",
-        &data, &errors)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("readbuffer_encode", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        Py_ssize_t len;
+        const char *ptr = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[0], &len);
+        if (ptr == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        PyBuffer_FillInfo(&data, args[0], (void *)ptr, len, 1, 0);
+    }
+    else { /* any bytes-like object */
+        if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+            _PyArg_BadArgument("readbuffer_encode", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("readbuffer_encode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_readbuffer_encode_impl(module, &data, errors);
 
 exit:
@@ -955,10 +1796,32 @@ _codecs_unicode_internal_encode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssiz
     PyObject *obj;
     const char *errors = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O|z:unicode_internal_encode",
-        &obj, &errors)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("unicode_internal_encode", nargs, 1, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    obj = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("unicode_internal_encode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_unicode_internal_encode_impl(module, obj, errors);
 
 exit:
@@ -984,10 +1847,39 @@ _codecs_utf_7_encode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *str;
     const char *errors = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "U|z:utf_7_encode",
-        &str, &errors)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("utf_7_encode", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_7_encode", 1, "str", args[0]);
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[0]) == -1) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    str = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_7_encode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_utf_7_encode_impl(module, str, errors);
 
 exit:
@@ -1013,10 +1905,39 @@ _codecs_utf_8_encode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *str;
     const char *errors = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "U|z:utf_8_encode",
-        &str, &errors)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("utf_8_encode", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_8_encode", 1, "str", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[0]) == -1) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    str = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_8_encode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_utf_8_encode_impl(module, str, errors);
 
 exit:
@@ -1043,10 +1964,51 @@ _codecs_utf_16_encode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     const char *errors = NULL;
     int byteorder = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "U|zi:utf_16_encode",
-        &str, &errors, &byteorder)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("utf_16_encode", nargs, 1, 3)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_16_encode", 1, "str", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[0]) == -1) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    str = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_16_encode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    byteorder = _PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (byteorder == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_utf_16_encode_impl(module, str, errors, byteorder);
 
 exit:
@@ -1072,10 +2034,39 @@ _codecs_utf_16_le_encode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
     PyObject *str;
     const char *errors = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "U|z:utf_16_le_encode",
-        &str, &errors)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("utf_16_le_encode", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_16_le_encode", 1, "str", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[0]) == -1) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    str = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_16_le_encode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_utf_16_le_encode_impl(module, str, errors);
 
 exit:
@@ -1101,10 +2092,39 @@ _codecs_utf_16_be_encode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
     PyObject *str;
     const char *errors = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "U|z:utf_16_be_encode",
-        &str, &errors)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("utf_16_be_encode", nargs, 1, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_16_be_encode", 1, "str", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[0]) == -1) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    str = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_16_be_encode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_utf_16_be_encode_impl(module, str, errors);
 
 exit:
@@ -1131,10 +2151,51 @@ _codecs_utf_32_encode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     const char *errors = NULL;
     int byteorder = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "U|zi:utf_32_encode",
-        &str, &errors, &byteorder)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("utf_32_encode", nargs, 1, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_32_encode", 1, "str", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[0]) == -1) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    str = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_32_encode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    byteorder = _PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (byteorder == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_utf_32_encode_impl(module, str, errors, byteorder);
 
 exit:
@@ -1160,10 +2221,39 @@ _codecs_utf_32_le_encode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
     PyObject *str;
     const char *errors = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "U|z:utf_32_le_encode",
-        &str, &errors)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("utf_32_le_encode", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_32_le_encode", 1, "str", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[0]) == -1) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    str = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_32_le_encode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_utf_32_le_encode_impl(module, str, errors);
 
 exit:
@@ -1189,10 +2279,39 @@ _codecs_utf_32_be_encode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
     PyObject *str;
     const char *errors = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "U|z:utf_32_be_encode",
-        &str, &errors)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("utf_32_be_encode", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_32_be_encode", 1, "str", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[0]) == -1) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    str = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("utf_32_be_encode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_utf_32_be_encode_impl(module, str, errors);
 
 exit:
@@ -1218,10 +2337,39 @@ _codecs_unicode_escape_encode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_
     PyObject *str;
     const char *errors = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "U|z:unicode_escape_encode",
-        &str, &errors)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("unicode_escape_encode", nargs, 1, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("unicode_escape_encode", 1, "str", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[0]) == -1) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    str = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("unicode_escape_encode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_unicode_escape_encode_impl(module, str, errors);
 
 exit:
@@ -1247,10 +2395,39 @@ _codecs_raw_unicode_escape_encode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ss
     PyObject *str;
     const char *errors = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "U|z:raw_unicode_escape_encode",
-        &str, &errors)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("raw_unicode_escape_encode", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("raw_unicode_escape_encode", 1, "str", args[0]);
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[0]) == -1) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    str = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("raw_unicode_escape_encode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_raw_unicode_escape_encode_impl(module, str, errors);
 
 exit:
@@ -1276,10 +2453,39 @@ _codecs_latin_1_encode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs
     PyObject *str;
     const char *errors = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "U|z:latin_1_encode",
-        &str, &errors)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("latin_1_encode", nargs, 1, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("latin_1_encode", 1, "str", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[0]) == -1) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    str = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("latin_1_encode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_latin_1_encode_impl(module, str, errors);
 
 exit:
@@ -1305,10 +2511,39 @@ _codecs_ascii_encode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *str;
     const char *errors = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "U|z:ascii_encode",
-        &str, &errors)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("ascii_encode", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("ascii_encode", 1, "str", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[0]) == -1) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    str = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("ascii_encode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_ascii_encode_impl(module, str, errors);
 
 exit:
@@ -1335,10 +2570,43 @@ _codecs_charmap_encode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs
     const char *errors = NULL;
     PyObject *mapping = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "U|zO:charmap_encode",
-        &str, &errors, &mapping)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("charmap_encode", nargs, 1, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("charmap_encode", 1, "str", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[0]) == -1) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    str = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("charmap_encode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    mapping = args[2];
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_charmap_encode_impl(module, str, errors, mapping);
 
 exit:
@@ -1363,7 +2631,7 @@ _codecs_charmap_build(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
     PyObject *map;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("charmap_build", "str", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("charmap_build", 0, "str", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     if (PyUnicode_READY(arg) == -1) {
@@ -1396,10 +2664,39 @@ _codecs_mbcs_encode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *str;
     const char *errors = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "U|z:mbcs_encode",
-        &str, &errors)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("mbcs_encode", nargs, 1, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("mbcs_encode", 1, "str", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[0]) == -1) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    str = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("mbcs_encode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_mbcs_encode_impl(module, str, errors);
 
 exit:
@@ -1428,10 +2725,39 @@ _codecs_oem_encode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *str;
     const char *errors = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "U|z:oem_encode",
-        &str, &errors)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("oem_encode", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("oem_encode", 1, "str", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[0]) == -1) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    str = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[1] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("oem_encode", 2, "str or None", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_oem_encode_impl(module, str, errors);
 
 exit:
@@ -1462,10 +2788,48 @@ _codecs_code_page_encode(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
     PyObject *str;
     const char *errors = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "iU|z:code_page_encode",
-        &code_page, &str, &errors)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("code_page_encode", nargs, 2, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    code_page = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (code_page == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("code_page_encode", 2, "str", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[1]) == -1) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    str = args[1];
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[2] == Py_None) {
+        errors = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[2])) {
+        Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+        errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[2], &errors_length);
+        if (errors == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("code_page_encode", 3, "str or None", args[2]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _codecs_code_page_encode_impl(module, code_page, str, errors);
 
 exit:
@@ -1498,10 +2862,23 @@ _codecs_register_error(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs
     const char *errors;
     PyObject *handler;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "sO:register_error",
-        &errors, &handler)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("register_error", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("register_error", 1, "str", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t errors_length;
+    errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[0], &errors_length);
+    if (errors == NULL) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (strlen(errors) != (size_t)errors_length) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
         goto exit;
     }
+    handler = args[1];
     return_value = _codecs_register_error_impl(module, errors, handler);
 
 exit:
@@ -1530,7 +2907,7 @@ _codecs_lookup_error(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
     const char *name;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("lookup_error", "str", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("lookup_error", 0, "str", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     Py_ssize_t name_length;
@@ -1571,4 +2948,4 @@ exit:
 #ifndef _CODECS_CODE_PAGE_ENCODE_METHODDEF
     #define _CODECS_CODE_PAGE_ENCODE_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(_CODECS_CODE_PAGE_ENCODE_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=c2d2b917b78a4c45 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=85ea29db163ee74c input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_collectionsmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_collectionsmodule.c.h
index 12626c1..ed3b1b5 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_collectionsmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_collectionsmodule.c.h
@@ -16,13 +16,30 @@ tuplegetter_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
         !_PyArg_NoKeywords("_tuplegetter", kwargs)) {
         goto exit;
     }
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "nO:_tuplegetter",
-        &index, &doc)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("_tuplegetter", PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args), 2, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0))) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    {
+        Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
+        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0));
+        if (iobj != NULL) {
+            ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
+            Py_DECREF(iobj);
+        }
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        index = ival;
+    }
+    doc = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 1);
     return_value = tuplegetter_new_impl(type, index, doc);
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=83746071eacc28d3 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=51bd572577ca7111 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_cryptmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_cryptmodule.c.h
index baa31e2..2fcb0c1 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_cryptmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_cryptmodule.c.h
@@ -26,8 +26,33 @@ crypt_crypt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     const char *word;
     const char *salt;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "ss:crypt",
-        &word, &salt)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("crypt", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("crypt", 1, "str", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t word_length;
+    word = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[0], &word_length);
+    if (word == NULL) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (strlen(word) != (size_t)word_length) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("crypt", 2, "str", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t salt_length;
+    salt = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &salt_length);
+    if (salt == NULL) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (strlen(salt) != (size_t)salt_length) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = crypt_crypt_impl(module, word, salt);
@@ -35,4 +60,4 @@ crypt_crypt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=79001dbfdd623ff9 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=3f75d4d4be4dddbb input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_curses_panel.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_curses_panel.c.h
index 2e569c5..ed59c3b 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_curses_panel.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_curses_panel.c.h
@@ -149,8 +149,25 @@ _curses_panel_panel_move(PyCursesPanelObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ss
     int y;
     int x;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "ii:move",
-        &y, &x)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("move", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    y = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (y == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    x = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (x == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _curses_panel_panel_move_impl(self, y, x);
@@ -197,7 +214,7 @@ _curses_panel_panel_replace(PyCursesPanelObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     PyCursesWindowObject *win;
 
     if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(arg, &PyCursesWindow_Type)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("replace", (&PyCursesWindow_Type)->tp_name, arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("replace", 0, (&PyCursesWindow_Type)->tp_name, arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     win = (PyCursesWindowObject *)arg;
@@ -271,7 +288,7 @@ _curses_panel_new_panel(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
     PyCursesWindowObject *win;
 
     if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(arg, &PyCursesWindow_Type)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("new_panel", (&PyCursesWindow_Type)->tp_name, arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("new_panel", 0, (&PyCursesWindow_Type)->tp_name, arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     win = (PyCursesWindowObject *)arg;
@@ -318,4 +335,4 @@ _curses_panel_update_panels(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
     return _curses_panel_update_panels_impl(module);
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=4b211b4015e29100 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=ac1f56e6c3d4cc57 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_cursesmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_cursesmodule.c.h
index 01c7097..0988581 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_cursesmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_cursesmodule.c.h
@@ -245,10 +245,23 @@ _curses_window_bkgd(PyCursesWindowObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_
     PyObject *ch;
     long attr = A_NORMAL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O|l:bkgd",
-        &ch, &attr)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("bkgd", nargs, 1, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    ch = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    attr = PyLong_AsLong(args[1]);
+    if (attr == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _curses_window_bkgd_impl(self, ch, attr);
 
 exit:
@@ -379,10 +392,23 @@ _curses_window_bkgdset(PyCursesWindowObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssi
     PyObject *ch;
     long attr = A_NORMAL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O|l:bkgdset",
-        &ch, &attr)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("bkgdset", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    ch = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    attr = PyLong_AsLong(args[1]);
+    if (attr == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _curses_window_bkgdset_impl(self, ch, attr);
 
 exit:
@@ -623,10 +649,23 @@ _curses_window_echochar(PyCursesWindowObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ss
     PyObject *ch;
     long attr = A_NORMAL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O|l:echochar",
-        &ch, &attr)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("echochar", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    ch = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    attr = PyLong_AsLong(args[1]);
+    if (attr == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _curses_window_echochar_impl(self, ch, attr);
 
 exit:
@@ -660,8 +699,25 @@ _curses_window_enclose(PyCursesWindowObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssi
     int x;
     long _return_value;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "ii:enclose",
-        &y, &x)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("enclose", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    y = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (y == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    x = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (x == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     _return_value = _curses_window_enclose_impl(self, y, x);
@@ -1462,8 +1518,25 @@ _curses_window_redrawln(PyCursesWindowObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ss
     int beg;
     int num;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "ii:redrawln",
-        &beg, &num)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("redrawln", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    beg = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (beg == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    num = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (num == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _curses_window_redrawln_impl(self, beg, num);
@@ -1554,8 +1627,25 @@ _curses_window_setscrreg(PyCursesWindowObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_s
     int top;
     int bottom;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "ii:setscrreg",
-        &top, &bottom)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("setscrreg", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    top = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (top == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    bottom = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (bottom == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _curses_window_setscrreg_impl(self, top, bottom);
@@ -1878,10 +1968,22 @@ _curses_cbreak(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     int flag = 1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|i:cbreak",
-        &flag)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("cbreak", nargs, 0, 1)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    flag = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (flag == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _curses_cbreak_impl(module, flag);
 
 exit:
@@ -2158,10 +2260,22 @@ _curses_echo(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     int flag = 1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|i:echo",
-        &flag)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("echo", nargs, 0, 1)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    flag = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (flag == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _curses_echo_impl(module, flag);
 
 exit:
@@ -2321,10 +2435,65 @@ _curses_ungetmouse(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int z;
     unsigned long bstate;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "hiiik:ungetmouse",
-        &id, &x, &y, &z, &bstate)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("ungetmouse", nargs, 5, 5)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
         goto exit;
     }
+    {
+        long ival = PyLong_AsLong(args[0]);
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else if (ival < SHRT_MIN) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "signed short integer is less than minimum");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else if (ival > SHRT_MAX) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "signed short integer is greater than maximum");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else {
+            id = (short) ival;
+        }
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    x = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (x == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    y = _PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (y == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[3])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    z = _PyLong_AsInt(args[3]);
+    if (z == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyLong_Check(args[4])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("ungetmouse", 5, "int", args[4]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    bstate = PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask(args[4]);
     return_value = _curses_ungetmouse_impl(module, id, x, y, z, bstate);
 
 exit:
@@ -2527,10 +2696,105 @@ _curses_init_color(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     short g;
     short b;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "hhhh:init_color",
-        &color_number, &r, &g, &b)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("init_color", nargs, 4, 4)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    {
+        long ival = PyLong_AsLong(args[0]);
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else if (ival < SHRT_MIN) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "signed short integer is less than minimum");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else if (ival > SHRT_MAX) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "signed short integer is greater than maximum");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else {
+            color_number = (short) ival;
+        }
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    {
+        long ival = PyLong_AsLong(args[1]);
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else if (ival < SHRT_MIN) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "signed short integer is less than minimum");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else if (ival > SHRT_MAX) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "signed short integer is greater than maximum");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else {
+            r = (short) ival;
+        }
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    {
+        long ival = PyLong_AsLong(args[2]);
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else if (ival < SHRT_MIN) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "signed short integer is less than minimum");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else if (ival > SHRT_MAX) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "signed short integer is greater than maximum");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else {
+            g = (short) ival;
+        }
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[3])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
         goto exit;
     }
+    {
+        long ival = PyLong_AsLong(args[3]);
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else if (ival < SHRT_MIN) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "signed short integer is less than minimum");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else if (ival > SHRT_MAX) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "signed short integer is greater than maximum");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else {
+            b = (short) ival;
+        }
+    }
     return_value = _curses_init_color_impl(module, color_number, r, g, b);
 
 exit:
@@ -2568,10 +2832,81 @@ _curses_init_pair(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     short fg;
     short bg;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "hhh:init_pair",
-        &pair_number, &fg, &bg)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("init_pair", nargs, 3, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    {
+        long ival = PyLong_AsLong(args[0]);
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else if (ival < SHRT_MIN) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "signed short integer is less than minimum");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else if (ival > SHRT_MAX) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "signed short integer is greater than maximum");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else {
+            pair_number = (short) ival;
+        }
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    {
+        long ival = PyLong_AsLong(args[1]);
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else if (ival < SHRT_MIN) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "signed short integer is less than minimum");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else if (ival > SHRT_MAX) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "signed short integer is greater than maximum");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else {
+            fg = (short) ival;
+        }
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
         goto exit;
     }
+    {
+        long ival = PyLong_AsLong(args[2]);
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else if (ival < SHRT_MIN) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "signed short integer is less than minimum");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else if (ival > SHRT_MAX) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                            "signed short integer is greater than maximum");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else {
+            bg = (short) ival;
+        }
+    }
     return_value = _curses_init_pair_impl(module, pair_number, fg, bg);
 
 exit:
@@ -2712,8 +3047,25 @@ _curses_is_term_resized(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t narg
     int nlines;
     int ncols;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "ii:is_term_resized",
-        &nlines, &ncols)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("is_term_resized", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    nlines = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (nlines == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    ncols = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (ncols == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _curses_is_term_resized_impl(module, nlines, ncols);
@@ -2905,7 +3257,7 @@ _curses_mousemask(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
     unsigned long newmask;
 
     if (!PyLong_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("mousemask", "int", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("mousemask", 0, "int", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     newmask = PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask(arg);
@@ -2977,8 +3329,25 @@ _curses_newpad(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int nlines;
     int ncols;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "ii:newpad",
-        &nlines, &ncols)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("newpad", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    nlines = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (nlines == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    ncols = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (ncols == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _curses_newpad_impl(module, nlines, ncols);
@@ -3066,10 +3435,22 @@ _curses_nl(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     int flag = 1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|i:nl",
-        &flag)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("nl", nargs, 0, 1)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    flag = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (flag == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _curses_nl_impl(module, flag);
 
 exit:
@@ -3317,10 +3698,22 @@ _curses_qiflush(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     int flag = 1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|i:qiflush",
-        &flag)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("qiflush", nargs, 0, 1)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    flag = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (flag == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _curses_qiflush_impl(module, flag);
 
 exit:
@@ -3383,10 +3776,22 @@ _curses_raw(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     int flag = 1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|i:raw",
-        &flag)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("raw", nargs, 0, 1)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    flag = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (flag == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _curses_raw_impl(module, flag);
 
 exit:
@@ -3476,8 +3881,25 @@ _curses_resizeterm(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int nlines;
     int ncols;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "ii:resizeterm",
-        &nlines, &ncols)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("resizeterm", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    nlines = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (nlines == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    ncols = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (ncols == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _curses_resizeterm_impl(module, nlines, ncols);
@@ -3520,8 +3942,25 @@ _curses_resize_term(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int nlines;
     int ncols;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "ii:resize_term",
-        &nlines, &ncols)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("resize_term", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    nlines = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (nlines == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    ncols = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (ncols == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _curses_resize_term_impl(module, nlines, ncols);
@@ -3578,8 +4017,25 @@ _curses_setsyx(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int y;
     int x;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "ii:setsyx",
-        &y, &x)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("setsyx", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    y = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (y == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    x = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (x == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _curses_setsyx_impl(module, y, x);
@@ -3676,7 +4132,7 @@ _curses_tigetflag(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
     const char *capname;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("tigetflag", "str", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("tigetflag", 0, "str", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     Py_ssize_t capname_length;
@@ -3719,7 +4175,7 @@ _curses_tigetnum(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
     const char *capname;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("tigetnum", "str", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("tigetnum", 0, "str", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     Py_ssize_t capname_length;
@@ -3762,7 +4218,7 @@ _curses_tigetstr(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
     const char *capname;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("tigetstr", "str", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("tigetstr", 0, "str", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     Py_ssize_t capname_length;
@@ -4044,4 +4500,4 @@ _curses_use_default_colors(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 #ifndef _CURSES_USE_DEFAULT_COLORS_METHODDEF
     #define _CURSES_USE_DEFAULT_COLORS_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(_CURSES_USE_DEFAULT_COLORS_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=a2bbced3c5d29d64 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=ceb2e32ee1370033 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_dbmmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_dbmmodule.c.h
index c090862..e54c69c 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_dbmmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_dbmmodule.c.h
@@ -132,13 +132,49 @@ dbmopen(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     const char *flags = "r";
     int mode = 438;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "U|si:open",
-        &filename, &flags, &mode)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("open", nargs, 1, 3)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("open", 1, "str", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[0]) == -1) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    filename = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("open", 2, "str", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t flags_length;
+    flags = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &flags_length);
+    if (flags == NULL) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (strlen(flags) != (size_t)flags_length) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    mode = _PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (mode == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = dbmopen_impl(module, filename, flags, mode);
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=e4585e78f5821b5b input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=7f5d30ef5d820b8a input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_elementtree.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_elementtree.c.h
index e5107eb..8968983 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_elementtree.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_elementtree.c.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ _elementtree_Element_append(ElementObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     PyObject *subelement;
 
     if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(arg, &Element_Type)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("append", (&Element_Type)->tp_name, arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("append", 0, (&Element_Type)->tp_name, arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     subelement = arg;
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ _elementtree_Element___deepcopy__(ElementObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     PyObject *memo;
 
     if (!PyDict_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("__deepcopy__", "dict", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("__deepcopy__", 0, "dict", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     memo = arg;
@@ -420,10 +420,31 @@ _elementtree_Element_insert(ElementObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize
     Py_ssize_t index;
     PyObject *subelement;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "nO!:insert",
-        &index, &Element_Type, &subelement)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("insert", nargs, 2, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    {
+        Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
+        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
+        if (iobj != NULL) {
+            ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
+            Py_DECREF(iobj);
+        }
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        index = ival;
+    }
+    if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(args[1], &Element_Type)) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("insert", 2, (&Element_Type)->tp_name, args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    subelement = args[1];
     return_value = _elementtree_Element_insert_impl(self, index, subelement);
 
 exit:
@@ -512,7 +533,7 @@ _elementtree_Element_remove(ElementObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     PyObject *subelement;
 
     if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(arg, &Element_Type)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("remove", (&Element_Type)->tp_name, arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("remove", 0, (&Element_Type)->tp_name, arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     subelement = arg;
@@ -723,4 +744,4 @@ _elementtree_XMLParser__setevents(XMLParserObject *self, PyObject *const *args,
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=398640585689c5ed input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=6bbedd24b709dc00 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_gdbmmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_gdbmmodule.c.h
index 5edc440..9475264 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_gdbmmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_gdbmmodule.c.h
@@ -245,13 +245,49 @@ dbmopen(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     const char *flags = "r";
     int mode = 438;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "U|si:open",
-        &filename, &flags, &mode)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("open", nargs, 1, 3)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("open", 1, "str", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[0]) == -1) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    filename = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("open", 2, "str", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t flags_length;
+    flags = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &flags_length);
+    if (flags == NULL) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (strlen(flags) != (size_t)flags_length) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    mode = _PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (mode == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = dbmopen_impl(module, filename, flags, mode);
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=5ca4361417bf96cb input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=05f06065d2dc1f9e input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_lzmamodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_lzmamodule.c.h
index 46d2988..aeb98a6 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_lzmamodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_lzmamodule.c.h
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ _lzma_LZMACompressor_compress(Compressor *self, PyObject *arg)
         goto exit;
     }
     if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("compress", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("compress", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _lzma_LZMACompressor_compress_impl(self, &data);
@@ -252,8 +252,17 @@ _lzma__decode_filter_properties(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssiz
     lzma_vli filter_id;
     Py_buffer encoded_props = {NULL, NULL};
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O&y*:_decode_filter_properties",
-        lzma_vli_converter, &filter_id, &encoded_props)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("_decode_filter_properties", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!lzma_vli_converter(args[0], &filter_id)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[1], &encoded_props, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&encoded_props, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("_decode_filter_properties", 2, "contiguous buffer", args[1]);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _lzma__decode_filter_properties_impl(module, filter_id, &encoded_props);
@@ -266,4 +275,4 @@ exit:
 
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=df061bfc2067a90a input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=47e4732df79509ad input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_operator.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_operator.c.h
index 9d7b20c..72c0e57 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_operator.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_operator.c.h
@@ -1416,10 +1416,31 @@ _operator_length_hint(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_ssize_t default_value = 0;
     Py_ssize_t _return_value;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O|n:length_hint",
-        &obj, &default_value)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("length_hint", nargs, 1, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    obj = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    {
+        Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
+        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[1]);
+        if (iobj != NULL) {
+            ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
+            Py_DECREF(iobj);
+        }
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        default_value = ival;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     _return_value = _operator_length_hint_impl(module, obj, default_value);
     if ((_return_value == -1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
@@ -1469,4 +1490,4 @@ _operator__compare_digest(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t na
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=424b884884ab20b7 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=b382bece80a5a254 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_ssl.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_ssl.c.h
index e149077..3ec30c3 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_ssl.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_ssl.c.h
@@ -71,10 +71,17 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_getpeercert(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     int binary_mode = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|p:getpeercert",
-        &binary_mode)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("getpeercert", nargs, 0, 1)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    binary_mode = PyObject_IsTrue(args[0]);
+    if (binary_mode < 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_getpeercert_impl(self, binary_mode);
 
 exit:
@@ -215,7 +222,7 @@ _ssl__SSLSocket_write(PySSLSocket *self, PyObject *arg)
         goto exit;
     }
     if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&b, 'C')) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("write", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("write", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _ssl__SSLSocket_write_impl(self, &b);
@@ -377,8 +384,16 @@ _ssl__SSLContext(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
         !_PyArg_NoKeywords("_SSLContext", kwargs)) {
         goto exit;
     }
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i:_SSLContext",
-        &proto_version)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("_SSLContext", PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args), 1, 1)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0))) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    proto_version = _PyLong_AsInt(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0));
+    if (proto_version == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _ssl__SSLContext_impl(type, proto_version);
@@ -405,7 +420,7 @@ _ssl__SSLContext_set_ciphers(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg)
     const char *cipherlist;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("set_ciphers", "str", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("set_ciphers", 0, "str", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     Py_ssize_t cipherlist_length;
@@ -466,7 +481,7 @@ _ssl__SSLContext__set_npn_protocols(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg)
         goto exit;
     }
     if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&protos, 'C')) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("_set_npn_protocols", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("_set_npn_protocols", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _ssl__SSLContext__set_npn_protocols_impl(self, &protos);
@@ -502,7 +517,7 @@ _ssl__SSLContext__set_alpn_protocols(PySSLContext *self, PyObject *arg)
         goto exit;
     }
     if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&protos, 'C')) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("_set_alpn_protocols", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("_set_alpn_protocols", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _ssl__SSLContext__set_alpn_protocols_impl(self, &protos);
@@ -815,10 +830,22 @@ _ssl_MemoryBIO_read(PySSLMemoryBIO *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t narg
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     int len = -1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|i:read",
-        &len)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("read", nargs, 0, 1)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    len = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (len == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _ssl_MemoryBIO_read_impl(self, len);
 
 exit:
@@ -849,7 +876,7 @@ _ssl_MemoryBIO_write(PySSLMemoryBIO *self, PyObject *arg)
         goto exit;
     }
     if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&b, 'C')) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("write", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("write", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _ssl_MemoryBIO_write_impl(self, &b);
@@ -905,8 +932,28 @@ _ssl_RAND_add(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_buffer view = {NULL, NULL};
     double entropy;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "s*d:RAND_add",
-        &view, &entropy)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("RAND_add", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        Py_ssize_t len;
+        const char *ptr = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[0], &len);
+        if (ptr == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        PyBuffer_FillInfo(&view, args[0], (void *)ptr, len, 1, 0);
+    }
+    else { /* any bytes-like object */
+        if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &view, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&view, 'C')) {
+            _PyArg_BadArgument("RAND_add", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    entropy = PyFloat_AsDouble(args[1]);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _ssl_RAND_add_impl(module, &view, entropy);
@@ -1237,4 +1284,4 @@ exit:
 #ifndef _SSL_ENUM_CRLS_METHODDEF
     #define _SSL_ENUM_CRLS_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(_SSL_ENUM_CRLS_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=c2dca2ef4cbef4e2 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=ac3fb15ca27500f2 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_struct.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_struct.c.h
index 3a186e4..2cc2d21 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_struct.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_struct.c.h
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ Struct_unpack(PyStructObject *self, PyObject *arg)
         goto exit;
     }
     if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&buffer, 'C')) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("unpack", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("unpack", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = Struct_unpack_impl(self, &buffer);
@@ -209,8 +209,17 @@ unpack(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyStructObject *s_object = NULL;
     Py_buffer buffer = {NULL, NULL};
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O&y*:unpack",
-        cache_struct_converter, &s_object, &buffer)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("unpack", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!cache_struct_converter(args[0], &s_object)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[1], &buffer, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&buffer, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("unpack", 2, "contiguous buffer", args[1]);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = unpack_impl(module, s_object, &buffer);
@@ -295,10 +304,13 @@ iter_unpack(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyStructObject *s_object = NULL;
     PyObject *buffer;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O&O:iter_unpack",
-        cache_struct_converter, &s_object, &buffer)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("iter_unpack", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!cache_struct_converter(args[0], &s_object)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    buffer = args[1];
     return_value = iter_unpack_impl(module, s_object, buffer);
 
 exit:
@@ -307,4 +319,4 @@ exit:
 
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=01516bea2641fe01 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=ac595db9d2b271aa input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_tkinter.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_tkinter.c.h
index 1eedd2b..0a3e7ff 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_tkinter.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_tkinter.c.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ _tkinter_tkapp_eval(TkappObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     const char *script;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("eval", "str", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("eval", 0, "str", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     Py_ssize_t script_length;
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ _tkinter_tkapp_evalfile(TkappObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     const char *fileName;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("evalfile", "str", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("evalfile", 0, "str", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     Py_ssize_t fileName_length;
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ _tkinter_tkapp_record(TkappObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     const char *script;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("record", "str", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("record", 0, "str", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     Py_ssize_t script_length;
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ _tkinter_tkapp_adderrorinfo(TkappObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     const char *msg;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("adderrorinfo", "str", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("adderrorinfo", 0, "str", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     Py_ssize_t msg_length;
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ _tkinter_tkapp_exprstring(TkappObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     const char *s;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("exprstring", "str", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("exprstring", 0, "str", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     Py_ssize_t s_length;
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ _tkinter_tkapp_exprlong(TkappObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     const char *s;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("exprlong", "str", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("exprlong", 0, "str", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     Py_ssize_t s_length;
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ _tkinter_tkapp_exprdouble(TkappObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     const char *s;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("exprdouble", "str", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("exprdouble", 0, "str", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     Py_ssize_t s_length;
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ _tkinter_tkapp_exprboolean(TkappObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     const char *s;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("exprboolean", "str", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("exprboolean", 0, "str", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     Py_ssize_t s_length;
@@ -349,10 +349,23 @@ _tkinter_tkapp_createcommand(TkappObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_
     const char *name;
     PyObject *func;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "sO:createcommand",
-        &name, &func)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("createcommand", nargs, 2, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("createcommand", 1, "str", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t name_length;
+    name = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[0], &name_length);
+    if (name == NULL) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (strlen(name) != (size_t)name_length) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    func = args[1];
     return_value = _tkinter_tkapp_createcommand_impl(self, name, func);
 
 exit:
@@ -377,7 +390,7 @@ _tkinter_tkapp_deletecommand(TkappObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     const char *name;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("deletecommand", "str", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("deletecommand", 0, "str", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     Py_ssize_t name_length;
@@ -417,10 +430,20 @@ _tkinter_tkapp_createfilehandler(TkappObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ss
     int mask;
     PyObject *func;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "OiO:createfilehandler",
-        &file, &mask, &func)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("createfilehandler", nargs, 3, 3)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    file = args[0];
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    mask = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (mask == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    func = args[2];
     return_value = _tkinter_tkapp_createfilehandler_impl(self, file, mask, func);
 
 exit:
@@ -477,10 +500,19 @@ _tkinter_tkapp_createtimerhandler(TkappObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_s
     int milliseconds;
     PyObject *func;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "iO:createtimerhandler",
-        &milliseconds, &func)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("createtimerhandler", nargs, 2, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    milliseconds = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (milliseconds == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    func = args[1];
     return_value = _tkinter_tkapp_createtimerhandler_impl(self, milliseconds, func);
 
 exit:
@@ -504,10 +536,22 @@ _tkinter_tkapp_mainloop(TkappObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     int threshold = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|i:mainloop",
-        &threshold)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("mainloop", nargs, 0, 1)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    threshold = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (threshold == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _tkinter_tkapp_mainloop_impl(self, threshold);
 
 exit:
@@ -531,10 +575,22 @@ _tkinter_tkapp_dooneevent(TkappObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t n
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     int flags = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|i:dooneevent",
-        &flags)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("dooneevent", nargs, 0, 1)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
         goto exit;
     }
+    flags = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (flags == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _tkinter_tkapp_dooneevent_impl(self, flags);
 
 exit:
@@ -654,10 +710,132 @@ _tkinter_create(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int sync = 0;
     const char *use = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|zssiiiiz:create",
-        &screenName, &baseName, &className, &interactive, &wantobjects, &wantTk, &sync, &use)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("create", nargs, 0, 8)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[0] == Py_None) {
+        screenName = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        Py_ssize_t screenName_length;
+        screenName = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[0], &screenName_length);
+        if (screenName == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(screenName) != (size_t)screenName_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("create", 1, "str or None", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("create", 2, "str", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t baseName_length;
+    baseName = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &baseName_length);
+    if (baseName == NULL) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (strlen(baseName) != (size_t)baseName_length) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[2])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("create", 3, "str", args[2]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t className_length;
+    className = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[2], &className_length);
+    if (className == NULL) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (strlen(className) != (size_t)className_length) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 4) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[3])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    interactive = _PyLong_AsInt(args[3]);
+    if (interactive == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 5) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[4])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    wantobjects = _PyLong_AsInt(args[4]);
+    if (wantobjects == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 6) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[5])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    wantTk = _PyLong_AsInt(args[5]);
+    if (wantTk == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 7) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[6])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    sync = _PyLong_AsInt(args[6]);
+    if (sync == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 8) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (args[7] == Py_None) {
+        use = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[7])) {
+        Py_ssize_t use_length;
+        use = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[7], &use_length);
+        if (use == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(use) != (size_t)use_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("create", 8, "str or None", args[7]);
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _tkinter_create_impl(module, screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, wantTk, sync, use);
 
 exit:
@@ -734,4 +912,4 @@ exit:
 #ifndef _TKINTER_TKAPP_DELETEFILEHANDLER_METHODDEF
     #define _TKINTER_TKAPP_DELETEFILEHANDLER_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(_TKINTER_TKAPP_DELETEFILEHANDLER_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=d84b0e794824c511 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=2cf95f0101f3dbca input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_tracemalloc.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_tracemalloc.c.h
index aa736ec..68fafdc 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_tracemalloc.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_tracemalloc.c.h
@@ -95,10 +95,22 @@ _tracemalloc_start(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     int nframe = 1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|i:start",
-        &nframe)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("start", nargs, 0, 1)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    nframe = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (nframe == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = _tracemalloc_start_impl(module, nframe);
 
 exit:
@@ -185,4 +197,4 @@ _tracemalloc_get_traced_memory(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
     return _tracemalloc_get_traced_memory_impl(module);
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=d4a2dd3eaba9f72d input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=1bc96dc569706afa input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_weakref.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_weakref.c.h
index 21f00ff..aa0d77f 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/_weakref.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_weakref.c.h
@@ -50,13 +50,18 @@ _weakref__remove_dead_weakref(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_
     PyObject *dct;
     PyObject *key;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O!O:_remove_dead_weakref",
-        &PyDict_Type, &dct, &key)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("_remove_dead_weakref", nargs, 2, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (!PyDict_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("_remove_dead_weakref", 1, "dict", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    dct = args[0];
+    key = args[1];
     return_value = _weakref__remove_dead_weakref_impl(module, dct, key);
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=927e889feb8a7dc4 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=eae22e2d2e43120e input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/arraymodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/arraymodule.c.h
index eb081ad..5f45b7c 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/arraymodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/arraymodule.c.h
@@ -76,10 +76,30 @@ array_array_pop(arrayobject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t i = -1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|n:pop",
-        &i)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("pop", nargs, 0, 1)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    {
+        Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
+        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
+        if (iobj != NULL) {
+            ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
+            Py_DECREF(iobj);
+        }
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        i = ival;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = array_array_pop_impl(self, i);
 
 exit:
@@ -114,10 +134,27 @@ array_array_insert(arrayobject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_ssize_t i;
     PyObject *v;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "nO:insert",
-        &i, &v)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("insert", nargs, 2, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    {
+        Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
+        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[0]);
+        if (iobj != NULL) {
+            ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
+            Py_DECREF(iobj);
+        }
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        i = ival;
+    }
+    v = args[1];
     return_value = array_array_insert_impl(self, i, v);
 
 exit:
@@ -212,10 +249,27 @@ array_array_fromfile(arrayobject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *f;
     Py_ssize_t n;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "On:fromfile",
-        &f, &n)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("fromfile", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    f = args[0];
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
         goto exit;
     }
+    {
+        Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
+        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[1]);
+        if (iobj != NULL) {
+            ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
+            Py_DECREF(iobj);
+        }
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        n = ival;
+    }
     return_value = array_array_fromfile_impl(self, f, n);
 
 exit:
@@ -291,7 +345,7 @@ array_array_fromstring(arrayobject *self, PyObject *arg)
             goto exit;
         }
         if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&buffer, 'C')) {
-            _PyArg_BadArgument("fromstring", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+            _PyArg_BadArgument("fromstring", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
             goto exit;
         }
     }
@@ -328,7 +382,7 @@ array_array_frombytes(arrayobject *self, PyObject *arg)
         goto exit;
     }
     if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&buffer, 'C')) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("frombytes", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("frombytes", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = array_array_frombytes_impl(self, &buffer);
@@ -478,10 +532,32 @@ array__array_reconstructor(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t n
     enum machine_format_code mformat_code;
     PyObject *items;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "OCiO:_array_reconstructor",
-        &arraytype, &typecode, &mformat_code, &items)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("_array_reconstructor", nargs, 4, 4)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    arraytype = (PyTypeObject *)args[0];
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("_array_reconstructor", 2, "a unicode character", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[1])) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(args[1]) != 1) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("_array_reconstructor", 2, "a unicode character", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    typecode = PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(args[1], 0);
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    mformat_code = _PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (mformat_code == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    items = args[3];
     return_value = array__array_reconstructor_impl(module, arraytype, typecode, mformat_code, items);
 
 exit:
@@ -523,4 +599,4 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(array_arrayiterator___setstate____doc__,
 
 #define ARRAY_ARRAYITERATOR___SETSTATE___METHODDEF    \
     {"__setstate__", (PyCFunction)array_arrayiterator___setstate__, METH_O, array_arrayiterator___setstate____doc__},
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=15da19d2ece09d22 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=c9a40f11f1a866fb input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/audioop.c.h b/Modules/clinic/audioop.c.h
index 1eae9aa..4ea7155 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/audioop.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/audioop.c.h
@@ -23,10 +23,42 @@ audioop_getsample(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int width;
     Py_ssize_t index;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*in:getsample",
-        &fragment, &width, &index)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("getsample", nargs, 3, 3)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("getsample", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    width = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (width == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    {
+        Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
+        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[2]);
+        if (iobj != NULL) {
+            ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
+            Py_DECREF(iobj);
+        }
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        index = ival;
+    }
     return_value = audioop_getsample_impl(module, &fragment, width, index);
 
 exit:
@@ -57,8 +89,23 @@ audioop_max(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_buffer fragment = {NULL, NULL};
     int width;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*i:max",
-        &fragment, &width)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("max", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("max", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    width = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (width == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = audioop_max_impl(module, &fragment, width);
@@ -91,8 +138,23 @@ audioop_minmax(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_buffer fragment = {NULL, NULL};
     int width;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*i:minmax",
-        &fragment, &width)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("minmax", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("minmax", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    width = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (width == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = audioop_minmax_impl(module, &fragment, width);
@@ -125,8 +187,23 @@ audioop_avg(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_buffer fragment = {NULL, NULL};
     int width;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*i:avg",
-        &fragment, &width)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("avg", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("avg", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    width = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (width == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = audioop_avg_impl(module, &fragment, width);
@@ -159,8 +236,23 @@ audioop_rms(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_buffer fragment = {NULL, NULL};
     int width;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*i:rms",
-        &fragment, &width)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("rms", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("rms", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    width = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (width == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = audioop_rms_impl(module, &fragment, width);
@@ -194,8 +286,21 @@ audioop_findfit(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_buffer fragment = {NULL, NULL};
     Py_buffer reference = {NULL, NULL};
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*y*:findfit",
-        &fragment, &reference)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("findfit", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("findfit", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[1], &reference, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&reference, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("findfit", 2, "contiguous buffer", args[1]);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = audioop_findfit_impl(module, &fragment, &reference);
@@ -233,8 +338,21 @@ audioop_findfactor(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_buffer fragment = {NULL, NULL};
     Py_buffer reference = {NULL, NULL};
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*y*:findfactor",
-        &fragment, &reference)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("findfactor", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("findfactor", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[1], &reference, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&reference, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("findfactor", 2, "contiguous buffer", args[1]);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = audioop_findfactor_impl(module, &fragment, &reference);
@@ -272,10 +390,33 @@ audioop_findmax(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_buffer fragment = {NULL, NULL};
     Py_ssize_t length;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*n:findmax",
-        &fragment, &length)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("findmax", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("findmax", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    {
+        Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
+        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[1]);
+        if (iobj != NULL) {
+            ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
+            Py_DECREF(iobj);
+        }
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        length = ival;
+    }
     return_value = audioop_findmax_impl(module, &fragment, length);
 
 exit:
@@ -306,8 +447,23 @@ audioop_avgpp(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_buffer fragment = {NULL, NULL};
     int width;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*i:avgpp",
-        &fragment, &width)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("avgpp", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("avgpp", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    width = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (width == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = audioop_avgpp_impl(module, &fragment, width);
@@ -340,8 +496,23 @@ audioop_maxpp(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_buffer fragment = {NULL, NULL};
     int width;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*i:maxpp",
-        &fragment, &width)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("maxpp", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("maxpp", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    width = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (width == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = audioop_maxpp_impl(module, &fragment, width);
@@ -374,8 +545,23 @@ audioop_cross(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_buffer fragment = {NULL, NULL};
     int width;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*i:cross",
-        &fragment, &width)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("cross", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("cross", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    width = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (width == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = audioop_cross_impl(module, &fragment, width);
@@ -410,8 +596,27 @@ audioop_mul(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int width;
     double factor;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*id:mul",
-        &fragment, &width, &factor)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("mul", nargs, 3, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("mul", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    width = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (width == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    factor = PyFloat_AsDouble(args[2]);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = audioop_mul_impl(module, &fragment, width, factor);
@@ -447,8 +652,31 @@ audioop_tomono(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     double lfactor;
     double rfactor;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*idd:tomono",
-        &fragment, &width, &lfactor, &rfactor)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("tomono", nargs, 4, 4)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("tomono", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    width = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (width == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    lfactor = PyFloat_AsDouble(args[2]);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    rfactor = PyFloat_AsDouble(args[3]);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = audioop_tomono_impl(module, &fragment, width, lfactor, rfactor);
@@ -484,8 +712,31 @@ audioop_tostereo(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     double lfactor;
     double rfactor;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*idd:tostereo",
-        &fragment, &width, &lfactor, &rfactor)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("tostereo", nargs, 4, 4)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("tostereo", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    width = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (width == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    lfactor = PyFloat_AsDouble(args[2]);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    rfactor = PyFloat_AsDouble(args[3]);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = audioop_tostereo_impl(module, &fragment, width, lfactor, rfactor);
@@ -520,8 +771,30 @@ audioop_add(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_buffer fragment2 = {NULL, NULL};
     int width;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*y*i:add",
-        &fragment1, &fragment2, &width)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("add", nargs, 3, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment1, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment1, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("add", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[1], &fragment2, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment2, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("add", 2, "contiguous buffer", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    width = _PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (width == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = audioop_add_impl(module, &fragment1, &fragment2, width);
@@ -559,8 +832,32 @@ audioop_bias(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int width;
     int bias;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*ii:bias",
-        &fragment, &width, &bias)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("bias", nargs, 3, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("bias", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    width = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (width == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    bias = _PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (bias == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = audioop_bias_impl(module, &fragment, width, bias);
@@ -593,8 +890,23 @@ audioop_reverse(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_buffer fragment = {NULL, NULL};
     int width;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*i:reverse",
-        &fragment, &width)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("reverse", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("reverse", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    width = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (width == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = audioop_reverse_impl(module, &fragment, width);
@@ -627,8 +939,23 @@ audioop_byteswap(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_buffer fragment = {NULL, NULL};
     int width;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*i:byteswap",
-        &fragment, &width)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("byteswap", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("byteswap", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    width = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (width == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = audioop_byteswap_impl(module, &fragment, width);
@@ -663,8 +990,32 @@ audioop_lin2lin(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int width;
     int newwidth;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*ii:lin2lin",
-        &fragment, &width, &newwidth)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("lin2lin", nargs, 3, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("lin2lin", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    width = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (width == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    newwidth = _PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (newwidth == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = audioop_lin2lin_impl(module, &fragment, width, newwidth);
@@ -706,10 +1057,78 @@ audioop_ratecv(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int weightA = 1;
     int weightB = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*iiiiO|ii:ratecv",
-        &fragment, &width, &nchannels, &inrate, &outrate, &state, &weightA, &weightB)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("ratecv", nargs, 6, 8)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("ratecv", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    width = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (width == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    nchannels = _PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (nchannels == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[3])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
         goto exit;
     }
+    inrate = _PyLong_AsInt(args[3]);
+    if (inrate == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[4])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    outrate = _PyLong_AsInt(args[4]);
+    if (outrate == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    state = args[5];
+    if (nargs < 7) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[6])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    weightA = _PyLong_AsInt(args[6]);
+    if (weightA == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 8) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[7])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    weightB = _PyLong_AsInt(args[7]);
+    if (weightB == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = audioop_ratecv_impl(module, &fragment, width, nchannels, inrate, outrate, state, weightA, weightB);
 
 exit:
@@ -740,8 +1159,23 @@ audioop_lin2ulaw(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_buffer fragment = {NULL, NULL};
     int width;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*i:lin2ulaw",
-        &fragment, &width)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("lin2ulaw", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("lin2ulaw", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    width = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (width == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = audioop_lin2ulaw_impl(module, &fragment, width);
@@ -774,8 +1208,23 @@ audioop_ulaw2lin(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_buffer fragment = {NULL, NULL};
     int width;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*i:ulaw2lin",
-        &fragment, &width)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("ulaw2lin", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("ulaw2lin", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    width = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (width == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = audioop_ulaw2lin_impl(module, &fragment, width);
@@ -808,8 +1257,23 @@ audioop_lin2alaw(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_buffer fragment = {NULL, NULL};
     int width;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*i:lin2alaw",
-        &fragment, &width)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("lin2alaw", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("lin2alaw", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    width = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (width == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = audioop_lin2alaw_impl(module, &fragment, width);
@@ -842,8 +1306,23 @@ audioop_alaw2lin(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_buffer fragment = {NULL, NULL};
     int width;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*i:alaw2lin",
-        &fragment, &width)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("alaw2lin", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("alaw2lin", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    width = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (width == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = audioop_alaw2lin_impl(module, &fragment, width);
@@ -878,10 +1357,26 @@ audioop_lin2adpcm(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int width;
     PyObject *state;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*iO:lin2adpcm",
-        &fragment, &width, &state)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("lin2adpcm", nargs, 3, 3)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("lin2adpcm", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    width = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (width == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    state = args[2];
     return_value = audioop_lin2adpcm_impl(module, &fragment, width, state);
 
 exit:
@@ -914,10 +1409,26 @@ audioop_adpcm2lin(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int width;
     PyObject *state;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*iO:adpcm2lin",
-        &fragment, &width, &state)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("adpcm2lin", nargs, 3, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &fragment, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&fragment, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("adpcm2lin", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    width = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (width == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    state = args[2];
     return_value = audioop_adpcm2lin_impl(module, &fragment, width, state);
 
 exit:
@@ -928,4 +1439,4 @@ exit:
 
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=d197b1559196a48a input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=2b173a25726252e9 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/binascii.c.h b/Modules/clinic/binascii.c.h
index 91f261c..3295833 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/binascii.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/binascii.c.h
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ binascii_rlecode_hqx(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
         goto exit;
     }
     if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("rlecode_hqx", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("rlecode_hqx", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = binascii_rlecode_hqx_impl(module, &data);
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ binascii_b2a_hqx(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
         goto exit;
     }
     if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("b2a_hqx", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("b2a_hqx", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = binascii_b2a_hqx_impl(module, &data);
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ binascii_rledecode_hqx(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
         goto exit;
     }
     if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("rledecode_hqx", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("rledecode_hqx", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = binascii_rledecode_hqx_impl(module, &data);
@@ -295,8 +295,23 @@ binascii_crc_hqx(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     unsigned int crc;
     unsigned int _return_value;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*I:crc_hqx",
-        &data, &crc)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("crc_hqx", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("crc_hqx", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    crc = (unsigned int)PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask(args[1]);
+    if (crc == (unsigned int)-1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     _return_value = binascii_crc_hqx_impl(module, &data, crc);
@@ -334,10 +349,29 @@ binascii_crc32(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     unsigned int crc = 0;
     unsigned int _return_value;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*|I:crc32",
-        &data, &crc)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("crc32", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("crc32", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    crc = (unsigned int)PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask(args[1]);
+    if (crc == (unsigned int)-1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     _return_value = binascii_crc32_impl(module, &data, crc);
     if ((_return_value == (unsigned int)-1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
@@ -378,7 +412,7 @@ binascii_b2a_hex(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
         goto exit;
     }
     if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("b2a_hex", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("b2a_hex", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = binascii_b2a_hex_impl(module, &data);
@@ -416,7 +450,7 @@ binascii_hexlify(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
         goto exit;
     }
     if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("hexlify", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("hexlify", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = binascii_hexlify_impl(module, &data);
@@ -574,4 +608,4 @@ exit:
 
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=8ff0cb5717b15d1b input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=7210a01a718da4a0 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/cmathmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/cmathmodule.c.h
index 30378c7..cc1b8f2 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/cmathmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/cmathmodule.c.h
@@ -668,10 +668,18 @@ cmath_log(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_complex x;
     PyObject *y_obj = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "D|O:log",
-        &x, &y_obj)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("log", nargs, 1, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    x = PyComplex_AsCComplex(args[0]);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    y_obj = args[1];
+skip_optional:
     return_value = cmath_log_impl(module, x, y_obj);
 
 exit:
@@ -755,8 +763,15 @@ cmath_rect(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     double r;
     double phi;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "dd:rect",
-        &r, &phi)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("rect", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    r = PyFloat_AsDouble(args[0]);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    phi = PyFloat_AsDouble(args[1]);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = cmath_rect_impl(module, r, phi);
@@ -902,4 +917,4 @@ cmath_isclose(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObjec
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=50a105aa2bc5308f input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=86a365d23f34aaff input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/fcntlmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/fcntlmodule.c.h
index 7b5a280..024a44c 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/fcntlmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/fcntlmodule.c.h
@@ -32,10 +32,26 @@ fcntl_fcntl(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int code;
     PyObject *arg = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O&i|O:fcntl",
-        conv_descriptor, &fd, &code, &arg)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("fcntl", nargs, 2, 3)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (!conv_descriptor(args[0], &fd)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    code = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (code == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    arg = args[2];
+skip_optional:
     return_value = fcntl_fcntl_impl(module, fd, code, arg);
 
 exit:
@@ -91,10 +107,33 @@ fcntl_ioctl(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *ob_arg = NULL;
     int mutate_arg = 1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O&I|Op:ioctl",
-        conv_descriptor, &fd, &code, &ob_arg, &mutate_arg)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("ioctl", nargs, 2, 4)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!conv_descriptor(args[0], &fd)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    code = (unsigned int)PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask(args[1]);
+    if (code == (unsigned int)-1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    ob_arg = args[2];
+    if (nargs < 4) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    mutate_arg = PyObject_IsTrue(args[3]);
+    if (mutate_arg < 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = fcntl_ioctl_impl(module, fd, code, ob_arg, mutate_arg);
 
 exit:
@@ -123,8 +162,19 @@ fcntl_flock(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int fd;
     int code;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O&i:flock",
-        conv_descriptor, &fd, &code)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("flock", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!conv_descriptor(args[0], &fd)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    code = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (code == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = fcntl_flock_impl(module, fd, code);
@@ -177,13 +227,45 @@ fcntl_lockf(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *startobj = NULL;
     int whence = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O&i|OOi:lockf",
-        conv_descriptor, &fd, &code, &lenobj, &startobj, &whence)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("lockf", nargs, 2, 5)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!conv_descriptor(args[0], &fd)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    code = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (code == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    lenobj = args[2];
+    if (nargs < 4) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    startobj = args[3];
+    if (nargs < 5) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[4])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    whence = _PyLong_AsInt(args[4]);
+    if (whence == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = fcntl_lockf_impl(module, fd, code, lenobj, startobj, whence);
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=fc1a781750750a14 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=e912d25e28362c52 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/itertoolsmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/itertoolsmodule.c.h
index b7d70a3..9fc429a 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/itertoolsmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/itertoolsmodule.c.h
@@ -52,10 +52,15 @@ itertools__grouper(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
         !_PyArg_NoKeywords("_grouper", kwargs)) {
         goto exit;
     }
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O!O:_grouper",
-        &groupby_type, &parent, &tgtkey)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("_grouper", PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args), 2, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0), &groupby_type)) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("_grouper", 1, (&groupby_type)->tp_name, PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0));
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    parent = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0);
+    tgtkey = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 1);
     return_value = itertools__grouper_impl(type, parent, tgtkey);
 
 exit:
@@ -84,10 +89,16 @@ itertools_teedataobject(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
         !_PyArg_NoKeywords("teedataobject", kwargs)) {
         goto exit;
     }
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO!O:teedataobject",
-        &it, &PyList_Type, &values, &next)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("teedataobject", PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args), 3, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    it = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0);
+    if (!PyList_Check(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 1))) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("teedataobject", 2, "list", PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 1));
         goto exit;
     }
+    values = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 1);
+    next = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 2);
     return_value = itertools_teedataobject_impl(type, it, values, next);
 
 exit:
@@ -143,10 +154,31 @@ itertools_tee(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *iterable;
     Py_ssize_t n = 2;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O|n:tee",
-        &iterable, &n)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("tee", nargs, 1, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    iterable = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    {
+        Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
+        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[1]);
+        if (iobj != NULL) {
+            ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
+            Py_DECREF(iobj);
+        }
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        n = ival;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = itertools_tee_impl(module, iterable, n);
 
 exit:
@@ -510,4 +542,4 @@ itertools_count(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=916251f891fa84b9 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=f289354f54e04c13 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/mathmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/mathmodule.c.h
index e436f59..1165789 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/mathmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/mathmodule.c.h
@@ -139,10 +139,14 @@ math_ldexp(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     double x;
     PyObject *i;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "dO:ldexp",
-        &x, &i)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("ldexp", nargs, 2, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    x = PyFloat_AsDouble(args[0]);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    i = args[1];
     return_value = math_ldexp_impl(module, x, i);
 
 exit:
@@ -261,8 +265,15 @@ math_fmod(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     double x;
     double y;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "dd:fmod",
-        &x, &y)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("fmod", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    x = PyFloat_AsDouble(args[0]);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    y = PyFloat_AsDouble(args[1]);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = math_fmod_impl(module, x, y);
@@ -326,8 +337,15 @@ math_pow(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     double x;
     double y;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "dd:pow",
-        &x, &y)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("pow", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    x = PyFloat_AsDouble(args[0]);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    y = PyFloat_AsDouble(args[1]);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = math_pow_impl(module, x, y);
@@ -530,4 +548,4 @@ math_isclose(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=da4b9940a5cb0188 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=2fe4fecd85585313 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h
index e310d99..2c1ee97 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h
@@ -1658,10 +1658,13 @@ os_execv(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     path_t path = PATH_T_INITIALIZE("execv", "path", 0, 0);
     PyObject *argv;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O&O:execv",
-        path_converter, &path, &argv)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("execv", nargs, 2, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (!path_converter(args[0], &path)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    argv = args[1];
     return_value = os_execv_impl(module, &path, argv);
 
 exit:
@@ -1817,10 +1820,22 @@ os_spawnv(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     path_t path = PATH_T_INITIALIZE("spawnv", "path", 0, 0);
     PyObject *argv;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "iO&O:spawnv",
-        &mode, path_converter, &path, &argv)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("spawnv", nargs, 3, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    mode = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (mode == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!path_converter(args[1], &path)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    argv = args[2];
     return_value = os_spawnv_impl(module, mode, &path, argv);
 
 exit:
@@ -1865,10 +1880,23 @@ os_spawnve(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *argv;
     PyObject *env;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "iO&OO:spawnve",
-        &mode, path_converter, &path, &argv, &env)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("spawnve", nargs, 4, 4)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    mode = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (mode == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!path_converter(args[1], &path)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    argv = args[2];
+    env = args[3];
     return_value = os_spawnve_impl(module, mode, &path, argv, env);
 
 exit:
@@ -2874,8 +2902,13 @@ os_setreuid(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     uid_t ruid;
     uid_t euid;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O&O&:setreuid",
-        _Py_Uid_Converter, &ruid, _Py_Uid_Converter, &euid)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("setreuid", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_Uid_Converter(args[0], &ruid)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_Uid_Converter(args[1], &euid)) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_setreuid_impl(module, ruid, euid);
@@ -2907,8 +2940,13 @@ os_setregid(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     gid_t rgid;
     gid_t egid;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O&O&:setregid",
-        _Py_Gid_Converter, &rgid, _Py_Gid_Converter, &egid)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("setregid", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_Gid_Converter(args[0], &rgid)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_Gid_Converter(args[1], &egid)) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_setregid_impl(module, rgid, egid);
@@ -3558,8 +3596,25 @@ os_closerange(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int fd_low;
     int fd_high;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "ii:closerange",
-        &fd_low, &fd_high)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("closerange", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    fd_low = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (fd_low == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    fd_high = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (fd_high == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_closerange_impl(module, fd_low, fd_high);
@@ -3672,8 +3727,28 @@ os_lockf(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int command;
     Py_off_t length;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "iiO&:lockf",
-        &fd, &command, Py_off_t_converter, &length)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("lockf", nargs, 3, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    fd = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (fd == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    command = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (command == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!Py_off_t_converter(args[2], &length)) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_lockf_impl(module, fd, command, length);
@@ -3708,8 +3783,28 @@ os_lseek(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int how;
     Py_off_t _return_value;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "iO&i:lseek",
-        &fd, Py_off_t_converter, &position, &how)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("lseek", nargs, 3, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    fd = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (fd == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!Py_off_t_converter(args[1], &position)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    how = _PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (how == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     _return_value = os_lseek_impl(module, fd, position, how);
@@ -3741,10 +3836,35 @@ os_read(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int fd;
     Py_ssize_t length;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "in:read",
-        &fd, &length)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("read", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    fd = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (fd == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
         goto exit;
     }
+    {
+        Py_ssize_t ival = -1;
+        PyObject *iobj = PyNumber_Index(args[1]);
+        if (iobj != NULL) {
+            ival = PyLong_AsSsize_t(iobj);
+            Py_DECREF(iobj);
+        }
+        if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        length = ival;
+    }
     return_value = os_read_impl(module, fd, length);
 
 exit:
@@ -3781,10 +3901,19 @@ os_readv(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *buffers;
     Py_ssize_t _return_value;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "iO:readv",
-        &fd, &buffers)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("readv", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    fd = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (fd == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    buffers = args[1];
     _return_value = os_readv_impl(module, fd, buffers);
     if ((_return_value == -1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
@@ -3822,8 +3951,28 @@ os_pread(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int length;
     Py_off_t offset;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "iiO&:pread",
-        &fd, &length, Py_off_t_converter, &offset)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("pread", nargs, 3, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    fd = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (fd == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    length = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (length == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!Py_off_t_converter(args[2], &offset)) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_pread_impl(module, fd, length, offset);
@@ -3873,10 +4022,35 @@ os_preadv(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int flags = 0;
     Py_ssize_t _return_value;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "iOO&|i:preadv",
-        &fd, &buffers, Py_off_t_converter, &offset, &flags)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("preadv", nargs, 3, 4)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    fd = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (fd == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    buffers = args[1];
+    if (!Py_off_t_converter(args[2], &offset)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 4) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[3])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    flags = _PyLong_AsInt(args[3]);
+    if (flags == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     _return_value = os_preadv_impl(module, fd, buffers, offset, flags);
     if ((_return_value == -1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
@@ -3909,8 +4083,23 @@ os_write(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_buffer data = {NULL, NULL};
     Py_ssize_t _return_value;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "iy*:write",
-        &fd, &data)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("write", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    fd = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (fd == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[1], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("write", 2, "contiguous buffer", args[1]);
         goto exit;
     }
     _return_value = os_write_impl(module, fd, &data);
@@ -3950,8 +4139,34 @@ os__fcopyfile(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int outfd;
     int flags;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "iii:_fcopyfile",
-        &infd, &outfd, &flags)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("_fcopyfile", nargs, 3, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    infd = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (infd == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    outfd = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (outfd == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[2])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    flags = _PyLong_AsInt(args[2]);
+    if (flags == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os__fcopyfile_impl(module, infd, outfd, flags);
@@ -4129,10 +4344,19 @@ os_writev(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *buffers;
     Py_ssize_t _return_value;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "iO:writev",
-        &fd, &buffers)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("writev", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
         goto exit;
     }
+    fd = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (fd == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    buffers = args[1];
     _return_value = os_writev_impl(module, fd, buffers);
     if ((_return_value == -1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
@@ -4172,8 +4396,26 @@ os_pwrite(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_off_t offset;
     Py_ssize_t _return_value;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "iy*O&:pwrite",
-        &fd, &buffer, Py_off_t_converter, &offset)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("pwrite", nargs, 3, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    fd = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (fd == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[1], &buffer, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&buffer, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("pwrite", 2, "contiguous buffer", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!Py_off_t_converter(args[2], &offset)) {
         goto exit;
     }
     _return_value = os_pwrite_impl(module, fd, &buffer, offset);
@@ -4232,10 +4474,35 @@ os_pwritev(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int flags = 0;
     Py_ssize_t _return_value;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "iOO&|i:pwritev",
-        &fd, &buffers, Py_off_t_converter, &offset, &flags)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("pwritev", nargs, 3, 4)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    fd = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (fd == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    buffers = args[1];
+    if (!Py_off_t_converter(args[2], &offset)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 4) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[3])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    flags = _PyLong_AsInt(args[3]);
+    if (flags == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     _return_value = os_pwritev_impl(module, fd, buffers, offset, flags);
     if ((_return_value == -1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
@@ -4439,8 +4706,25 @@ os_makedev(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int minor;
     dev_t _return_value;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "ii:makedev",
-        &major, &minor)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("makedev", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    major = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (major == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    minor = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (minor == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     _return_value = os_makedev_impl(module, major, minor);
@@ -4476,8 +4760,19 @@ os_ftruncate(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int fd;
     Py_off_t length;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "iO&:ftruncate",
-        &fd, Py_off_t_converter, &length)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("ftruncate", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    fd = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (fd == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!Py_off_t_converter(args[1], &length)) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_ftruncate_impl(module, fd, length);
@@ -4555,8 +4850,22 @@ os_posix_fallocate(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_off_t offset;
     Py_off_t length;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "iO&O&:posix_fallocate",
-        &fd, Py_off_t_converter, &offset, Py_off_t_converter, &length)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("posix_fallocate", nargs, 3, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    fd = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (fd == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!Py_off_t_converter(args[1], &offset)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!Py_off_t_converter(args[2], &length)) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_posix_fallocate_impl(module, fd, offset, length);
@@ -4599,8 +4908,31 @@ os_posix_fadvise(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_off_t length;
     int advice;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "iO&O&i:posix_fadvise",
-        &fd, Py_off_t_converter, &offset, Py_off_t_converter, &length, &advice)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("posix_fadvise", nargs, 4, 4)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    fd = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (fd == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!Py_off_t_converter(args[1], &offset)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!Py_off_t_converter(args[2], &length)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[3])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    advice = _PyLong_AsInt(args[3]);
+    if (advice == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_posix_fadvise_impl(module, fd, offset, length, advice);
@@ -4632,10 +4964,25 @@ os_putenv(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *name;
     PyObject *value;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "UU:putenv",
-        &name, &value)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("putenv", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("putenv", 1, "str", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[0]) == -1) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    name = args[0];
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("putenv", 2, "str", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[1]) == -1) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    value = args[1];
     return_value = os_putenv_impl(module, name, value);
 
 exit:
@@ -4665,8 +5012,13 @@ os_putenv(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *name = NULL;
     PyObject *value = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O&O&:putenv",
-        PyUnicode_FSConverter, &name, PyUnicode_FSConverter, &value)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("putenv", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_FSConverter(args[0], &name)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_FSConverter(args[1], &value)) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_putenv_impl(module, name, value);
@@ -5208,8 +5560,19 @@ os_fpathconf(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int name;
     long _return_value;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "iO&:fpathconf",
-        &fd, conv_path_confname, &name)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("fpathconf", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    fd = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (fd == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!conv_path_confname(args[1], &name)) {
         goto exit;
     }
     _return_value = os_fpathconf_impl(module, fd, name);
@@ -5496,8 +5859,16 @@ os_setresuid(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     uid_t euid;
     uid_t suid;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O&O&O&:setresuid",
-        _Py_Uid_Converter, &ruid, _Py_Uid_Converter, &euid, _Py_Uid_Converter, &suid)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("setresuid", nargs, 3, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_Uid_Converter(args[0], &ruid)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_Uid_Converter(args[1], &euid)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_Uid_Converter(args[2], &suid)) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_setresuid_impl(module, ruid, euid, suid);
@@ -5530,8 +5901,16 @@ os_setresgid(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     gid_t egid;
     gid_t sgid;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O&O&O&:setresgid",
-        _Py_Gid_Converter, &rgid, _Py_Gid_Converter, &egid, _Py_Gid_Converter, &sgid)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("setresgid", nargs, 3, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_Gid_Converter(args[0], &rgid)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_Gid_Converter(args[1], &egid)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_Gid_Converter(args[2], &sgid)) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_setresgid_impl(module, rgid, egid, sgid);
@@ -5898,8 +6277,25 @@ os_set_inheritable(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int fd;
     int inheritable;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "ii:set_inheritable",
-        &fd, &inheritable)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("set_inheritable", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    fd = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (fd == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    inheritable = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (inheritable == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_set_inheritable_impl(module, fd, inheritable);
@@ -6046,8 +6442,25 @@ os_set_blocking(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int fd;
     int blocking;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "ii:set_blocking",
-        &fd, &blocking)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("set_blocking", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    fd = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (fd == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    blocking = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (blocking == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = os_set_blocking_impl(module, fd, blocking);
@@ -6845,4 +7258,4 @@ exit:
 #ifndef OS_GETRANDOM_METHODDEF
     #define OS_GETRANDOM_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(OS_GETRANDOM_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=b02036b2a269b1db input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=febc1e16c9024e40 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/pwdmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/pwdmodule.c.h
index 9270be0..cf84ec9 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/pwdmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/pwdmodule.c.h
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ pwd_getpwnam(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)
     PyObject *name;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("getpwnam", "str", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("getpwnam", 0, "str", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     if (PyUnicode_READY(arg) == -1) {
@@ -74,4 +74,4 @@ pwd_getpwall(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 #ifndef PWD_GETPWALL_METHODDEF
     #define PWD_GETPWALL_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(PWD_GETPWALL_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=9e86e23d6ad9cd08 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=f9412bdedc69706c input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/pyexpat.c.h b/Modules/clinic/pyexpat.c.h
index 1545485..3fe7b64 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/pyexpat.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/pyexpat.c.h
@@ -24,10 +24,23 @@ pyexpat_xmlparser_Parse(xmlparseobject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t
     PyObject *data;
     int isfinal = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O|i:Parse",
-        &data, &isfinal)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("Parse", nargs, 1, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    data = args[0];
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    isfinal = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (isfinal == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = pyexpat_xmlparser_Parse_impl(self, data, isfinal);
 
 exit:
@@ -62,7 +75,7 @@ pyexpat_xmlparser_SetBase(xmlparseobject *self, PyObject *arg)
     const char *base;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("SetBase", "str", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("SetBase", 0, "str", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     Py_ssize_t base_length;
@@ -140,10 +153,44 @@ pyexpat_xmlparser_ExternalEntityParserCreate(xmlparseobject *self, PyObject *con
     const char *context;
     const char *encoding = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "z|s:ExternalEntityParserCreate",
-        &context, &encoding)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("ExternalEntityParserCreate", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (args[0] == Py_None) {
+        context = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        Py_ssize_t context_length;
+        context = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[0], &context_length);
+        if (context == NULL) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (strlen(context) != (size_t)context_length) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("ExternalEntityParserCreate", 1, "str or None", args[0]);
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("ExternalEntityParserCreate", 2, "str", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t encoding_length;
+    encoding = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[1], &encoding_length);
+    if (encoding == NULL) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (strlen(encoding) != (size_t)encoding_length) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = pyexpat_xmlparser_ExternalEntityParserCreate_impl(self, context, encoding);
 
 exit:
@@ -212,10 +259,17 @@ pyexpat_xmlparser_UseForeignDTD(xmlparseobject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     int flag = 1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|p:UseForeignDTD",
-        &flag)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("UseForeignDTD", nargs, 0, 1)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    flag = PyObject_IsTrue(args[0]);
+    if (flag < 0) {
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = pyexpat_xmlparser_UseForeignDTD_impl(self, flag);
 
 exit:
@@ -294,4 +348,4 @@ exit:
 #ifndef PYEXPAT_XMLPARSER_USEFOREIGNDTD_METHODDEF
     #define PYEXPAT_XMLPARSER_USEFOREIGNDTD_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(PYEXPAT_XMLPARSER_USEFOREIGNDTD_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=d3750256eb0da1cb input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=0f18b756d82b78a5 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/resource.c.h b/Modules/clinic/resource.c.h
index 0a66f8f..80efb71 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/resource.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/resource.c.h
@@ -84,10 +84,19 @@ resource_setrlimit(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int resource;
     PyObject *limits;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "iO:setrlimit",
-        &resource, &limits)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("setrlimit", nargs, 2, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    resource = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (resource == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    limits = args[1];
     return_value = resource_setrlimit_impl(module, resource, limits);
 
 exit:
@@ -169,4 +178,4 @@ exit:
 #ifndef RESOURCE_PRLIMIT_METHODDEF
     #define RESOURCE_PRLIMIT_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(RESOURCE_PRLIMIT_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=b16a9149639081fd input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=ef3034f291156a34 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/selectmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/selectmodule.c.h
index bb69d95..655e24c 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/selectmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/selectmodule.c.h
@@ -82,10 +82,19 @@ select_poll_register(pollObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int fd;
     unsigned short eventmask = POLLIN | POLLPRI | POLLOUT;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O&|O&:register",
-        fildes_converter, &fd, _PyLong_UnsignedShort_Converter, &eventmask)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("register", nargs, 1, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (!fildes_converter(args[0], &fd)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (!_PyLong_UnsignedShort_Converter(args[1], &eventmask)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = select_poll_register_impl(self, fd, eventmask);
 
 exit:
@@ -121,8 +130,13 @@ select_poll_modify(pollObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int fd;
     unsigned short eventmask;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O&O&:modify",
-        fildes_converter, &fd, _PyLong_UnsignedShort_Converter, &eventmask)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("modify", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!fildes_converter(args[0], &fd)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!_PyLong_UnsignedShort_Converter(args[1], &eventmask)) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = select_poll_modify_impl(self, fd, eventmask);
@@ -228,10 +242,19 @@ select_devpoll_register(devpollObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t n
     int fd;
     unsigned short eventmask = POLLIN | POLLPRI | POLLOUT;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O&|O&:register",
-        fildes_converter, &fd, _PyLong_UnsignedShort_Converter, &eventmask)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("register", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!fildes_converter(args[0], &fd)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (!_PyLong_UnsignedShort_Converter(args[1], &eventmask)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = select_devpoll_register_impl(self, fd, eventmask);
 
 exit:
@@ -268,10 +291,19 @@ select_devpoll_modify(devpollObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nar
     int fd;
     unsigned short eventmask = POLLIN | POLLPRI | POLLOUT;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O&|O&:modify",
-        fildes_converter, &fd, _PyLong_UnsignedShort_Converter, &eventmask)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("modify", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!fildes_converter(args[0], &fd)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (!_PyLong_UnsignedShort_Converter(args[1], &eventmask)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = select_devpoll_modify_impl(self, fd, eventmask);
 
 exit:
@@ -948,10 +980,24 @@ select_kqueue_control(kqueue_queue_Object *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize
     int maxevents;
     PyObject *otimeout = Py_None;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "Oi|O:control",
-        &changelist, &maxevents, &otimeout)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("control", nargs, 2, 3)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    changelist = args[0];
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    maxevents = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (maxevents == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    otimeout = args[2];
+skip_optional:
     return_value = select_kqueue_control_impl(self, changelist, maxevents, otimeout);
 
 exit:
@@ -1059,4 +1105,4 @@ exit:
 #ifndef SELECT_KQUEUE_CONTROL_METHODDEF
     #define SELECT_KQUEUE_CONTROL_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(SELECT_KQUEUE_CONTROL_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=122a49f131cdd9d9 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=20da8f9c050e1b65 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/signalmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/signalmodule.c.h
index f374226..bc46515 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/signalmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/signalmodule.c.h
@@ -125,10 +125,19 @@ signal_signal(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int signalnum;
     PyObject *handler;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "iO:signal",
-        &signalnum, &handler)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("signal", nargs, 2, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    signalnum = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (signalnum == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    handler = args[1];
     return_value = signal_signal_impl(module, signalnum, handler);
 
 exit:
@@ -234,8 +243,25 @@ signal_siginterrupt(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int signalnum;
     int flag;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "ii:siginterrupt",
-        &signalnum, &flag)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("siginterrupt", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    signalnum = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (signalnum == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    flag = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (flag == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = signal_siginterrupt_impl(module, signalnum, flag);
@@ -274,10 +300,24 @@ signal_setitimer(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *seconds;
     PyObject *interval = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "iO|O:setitimer",
-        &which, &seconds, &interval)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("setitimer", nargs, 2, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
         goto exit;
     }
+    which = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (which == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    seconds = args[1];
+    if (nargs < 3) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    interval = args[2];
+skip_optional:
     return_value = signal_setitimer_impl(module, which, seconds, interval);
 
 exit:
@@ -344,8 +384,19 @@ signal_pthread_sigmask(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs
     int how;
     sigset_t mask;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "iO&:pthread_sigmask",
-        &how, _Py_Sigset_Converter, &mask)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("pthread_sigmask", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    how = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (how == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!_Py_Sigset_Converter(args[1], &mask)) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = signal_pthread_sigmask_impl(module, how, mask);
@@ -498,10 +549,13 @@ signal_sigtimedwait(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     sigset_t sigset;
     PyObject *timeout_obj;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "O&O:sigtimedwait",
-        _Py_Sigset_Converter, &sigset, &timeout_obj)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("sigtimedwait", nargs, 2, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (!_Py_Sigset_Converter(args[0], &sigset)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    timeout_obj = args[1];
     return_value = signal_sigtimedwait_impl(module, sigset, timeout_obj);
 
 exit:
@@ -532,8 +586,21 @@ signal_pthread_kill(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     unsigned long thread_id;
     int signalnum;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "ki:pthread_kill",
-        &thread_id, &signalnum)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("pthread_kill", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyLong_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("pthread_kill", 1, "int", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    thread_id = PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask(args[0]);
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    signalnum = _PyLong_AsInt(args[1]);
+    if (signalnum == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = signal_pthread_kill_impl(module, thread_id, signalnum);
@@ -591,4 +658,4 @@ exit:
 #ifndef SIGNAL_PTHREAD_KILL_METHODDEF
     #define SIGNAL_PTHREAD_KILL_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(SIGNAL_PTHREAD_KILL_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=365db4e807c26d4e input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=f0d3a5703581da76 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/spwdmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/spwdmodule.c.h
index a0a3e2e..e051e6e 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/spwdmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/spwdmodule.c.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ spwd_getspnam(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg_)
     PyObject *arg;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg_)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("getspnam", "str", arg_);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("getspnam", 0, "str", arg_);
         goto exit;
     }
     if (PyUnicode_READY(arg_) == -1) {
@@ -71,4 +71,4 @@ spwd_getspall(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 #ifndef SPWD_GETSPALL_METHODDEF
     #define SPWD_GETSPALL_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(SPWD_GETSPALL_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=44a7c196d4b48f4e input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=2bbaa6bab1d9116e input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/symtablemodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/symtablemodule.c.h
index b5e64e0..73e340b 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/symtablemodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/symtablemodule.c.h
@@ -23,8 +23,36 @@ _symtable_symtable(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *filename;
     const char *startstr;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "sO&s:symtable",
-        &str, PyUnicode_FSDecoder, &filename, &startstr)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("symtable", nargs, 3, 3)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("symtable", 1, "str", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t str_length;
+    str = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[0], &str_length);
+    if (str == NULL) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (strlen(str) != (size_t)str_length) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_FSDecoder(args[1], &filename)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[2])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("symtable", 3, "str", args[2]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t startstr_length;
+    startstr = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(args[2], &startstr_length);
+    if (startstr == NULL) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (strlen(startstr) != (size_t)startstr_length) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "embedded null character");
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = _symtable_symtable_impl(module, str, filename, startstr);
@@ -32,4 +60,4 @@ _symtable_symtable(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=52ece07dd0e7a113 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=be1cca59de019984 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/unicodedata.c.h b/Modules/clinic/unicodedata.c.h
index 9e8d261..8ca0881 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/unicodedata.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/unicodedata.c.h
@@ -26,10 +26,26 @@ unicodedata_UCD_decimal(PyObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int chr;
     PyObject *default_value = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "C|O:decimal",
-        &chr, &default_value)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("decimal", nargs, 1, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("decimal", 1, "a unicode character", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[0])) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(args[0]) != 1) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("decimal", 1, "a unicode character", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    chr = PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(args[0], 0);
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    default_value = args[1];
+skip_optional:
     return_value = unicodedata_UCD_decimal_impl(self, chr, default_value);
 
 exit:
@@ -59,10 +75,26 @@ unicodedata_UCD_digit(PyObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int chr;
     PyObject *default_value = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "C|O:digit",
-        &chr, &default_value)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("digit", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("digit", 1, "a unicode character", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[0])) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(args[0]) != 1) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("digit", 1, "a unicode character", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    chr = PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(args[0], 0);
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    default_value = args[1];
+skip_optional:
     return_value = unicodedata_UCD_digit_impl(self, chr, default_value);
 
 exit:
@@ -93,10 +125,26 @@ unicodedata_UCD_numeric(PyObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int chr;
     PyObject *default_value = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "C|O:numeric",
-        &chr, &default_value)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("numeric", nargs, 1, 2)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("numeric", 1, "a unicode character", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[0])) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(args[0]) != 1) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("numeric", 1, "a unicode character", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    chr = PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(args[0], 0);
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    default_value = args[1];
+skip_optional:
     return_value = unicodedata_UCD_numeric_impl(self, chr, default_value);
 
 exit:
@@ -122,14 +170,14 @@ unicodedata_UCD_category(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     int chr;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("category", "a unicode character", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("category", 0, "a unicode character", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     if (PyUnicode_READY(arg)) {
         goto exit;
     }
     if (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(arg) != 1) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("category", "a unicode character", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("category", 0, "a unicode character", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     chr = PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(arg, 0);
@@ -160,14 +208,14 @@ unicodedata_UCD_bidirectional(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     int chr;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("bidirectional", "a unicode character", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("bidirectional", 0, "a unicode character", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     if (PyUnicode_READY(arg)) {
         goto exit;
     }
     if (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(arg) != 1) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("bidirectional", "a unicode character", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("bidirectional", 0, "a unicode character", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     chr = PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(arg, 0);
@@ -199,14 +247,14 @@ unicodedata_UCD_combining(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     int _return_value;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("combining", "a unicode character", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("combining", 0, "a unicode character", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     if (PyUnicode_READY(arg)) {
         goto exit;
     }
     if (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(arg) != 1) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("combining", "a unicode character", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("combining", 0, "a unicode character", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     chr = PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(arg, 0);
@@ -243,14 +291,14 @@ unicodedata_UCD_mirrored(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     int _return_value;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("mirrored", "a unicode character", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("mirrored", 0, "a unicode character", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     if (PyUnicode_READY(arg)) {
         goto exit;
     }
     if (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(arg) != 1) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("mirrored", "a unicode character", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("mirrored", 0, "a unicode character", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     chr = PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(arg, 0);
@@ -283,14 +331,14 @@ unicodedata_UCD_east_asian_width(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     int chr;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("east_asian_width", "a unicode character", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("east_asian_width", 0, "a unicode character", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     if (PyUnicode_READY(arg)) {
         goto exit;
     }
     if (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(arg) != 1) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("east_asian_width", "a unicode character", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("east_asian_width", 0, "a unicode character", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     chr = PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(arg, 0);
@@ -321,14 +369,14 @@ unicodedata_UCD_decomposition(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     int chr;
 
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("decomposition", "a unicode character", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("decomposition", 0, "a unicode character", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     if (PyUnicode_READY(arg)) {
         goto exit;
     }
     if (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(arg) != 1) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("decomposition", "a unicode character", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("decomposition", 0, "a unicode character", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     chr = PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(arg, 0);
@@ -360,10 +408,25 @@ unicodedata_UCD_is_normalized(PyObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t
     PyObject *form;
     PyObject *input;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "UU:is_normalized",
-        &form, &input)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("is_normalized", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("is_normalized", 1, "str", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[0]) == -1) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    form = args[0];
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("is_normalized", 2, "str", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[1]) == -1) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    input = args[1];
     return_value = unicodedata_UCD_is_normalized_impl(self, form, input);
 
 exit:
@@ -392,10 +455,25 @@ unicodedata_UCD_normalize(PyObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t narg
     PyObject *form;
     PyObject *input;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "UU:normalize",
-        &form, &input)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("normalize", nargs, 2, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("normalize", 1, "str", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[0]) == -1) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    form = args[0];
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[1])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("normalize", 2, "str", args[1]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[1]) == -1) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    input = args[1];
     return_value = unicodedata_UCD_normalize_impl(self, form, input);
 
 exit:
@@ -424,10 +502,26 @@ unicodedata_UCD_name(PyObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     int chr;
     PyObject *default_value = NULL;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "C|O:name",
-        &chr, &default_value)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("name", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyUnicode_Check(args[0])) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("name", 1, "a unicode character", args[0]);
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (PyUnicode_READY(args[0])) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(args[0]) != 1) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("name", 1, "a unicode character", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    chr = PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(args[0], 0);
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    default_value = args[1];
+skip_optional:
     return_value = unicodedata_UCD_name_impl(self, chr, default_value);
 
 exit:
@@ -465,4 +559,4 @@ unicodedata_UCD_lookup(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=709241b99d010896 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=0fc850fe5b6b312c input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/zlibmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/zlibmodule.c.h
index 87ad1ea..8e5f96a 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/zlibmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/zlibmodule.c.h
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ zlib_Compress_compress(compobject *self, PyObject *arg)
         goto exit;
     }
     if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
-        _PyArg_BadArgument("compress", "contiguous buffer", arg);
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("compress", 0, "contiguous buffer", arg);
         goto exit;
     }
     return_value = zlib_Compress_compress_impl(self, &data);
@@ -305,10 +305,22 @@ zlib_Compress_flush(compobject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     int mode = Z_FINISH;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|i:flush",
-        &mode)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("flush", nargs, 0, 1)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[0])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    mode = _PyLong_AsInt(args[0]);
+    if (mode == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = zlib_Compress_flush_impl(self, mode);
 
 exit:
@@ -446,10 +458,16 @@ zlib_Decompress_flush(compobject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     PyObject *return_value = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t length = DEF_BUF_SIZE;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "|O&:flush",
-        ssize_t_converter, &length)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("flush", nargs, 0, 1)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 1) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (!ssize_t_converter(args[0], &length)) {
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = zlib_Decompress_flush_impl(self, length);
 
 exit:
@@ -480,10 +498,29 @@ zlib_adler32(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_buffer data = {NULL, NULL};
     unsigned int value = 1;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*|I:adler32",
-        &data, &value)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("adler32", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("adler32", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    value = (unsigned int)PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask(args[1]);
+    if (value == (unsigned int)-1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = zlib_adler32_impl(module, &data, value);
 
 exit:
@@ -519,10 +556,29 @@ zlib_crc32(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
     Py_buffer data = {NULL, NULL};
     unsigned int value = 0;
 
-    if (!_PyArg_ParseStack(args, nargs, "y*|I:crc32",
-        &data, &value)) {
+    if (!_PyArg_CheckPositional("crc32", nargs, 1, 2)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(args[0], &data, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(&data, 'C')) {
+        _PyArg_BadArgument("crc32", 1, "contiguous buffer", args[0]);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (nargs < 2) {
+        goto skip_optional;
+    }
+    if (PyFloat_Check(args[1])) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "integer argument expected, got float" );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    value = (unsigned int)PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask(args[1]);
+    if (value == (unsigned int)-1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
         goto exit;
     }
+skip_optional:
     return_value = zlib_crc32_impl(module, &data, value);
 
 exit:
@@ -557,4 +613,4 @@ exit:
 #ifndef ZLIB_DECOMPRESS___DEEPCOPY___METHODDEF
     #define ZLIB_DECOMPRESS___DEEPCOPY___METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(ZLIB_DECOMPRESS___DEEPCOPY___METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=bea1e3c64573d9fd input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=b3acec2384f18782 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/