For PEP3137: Adds missing methods to the mutable PyBytes object (soon

to be called a buffer).  Shares code with stringobject when possible.
Adds unit tests with common code that should be usable to test the PEPs
mutable buffer() and immutable bytes() types.

 http://bugs.python.org/issue1261

1 files changed, 610 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Objects/bytes_methods.c b/Objects/bytes_methods.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de87905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Objects/bytes_methods.c
@@ -0,0 +1,610 @@
+#include "Python.h"
+#include "bytes_methods.h"
+
+/* Our own locale-independent ctype.h-like macros */
+
+const unsigned int _Py_ctype_table[256] = {
+    0, /* 0x0 '\x00' */
+    0, /* 0x1 '\x01' */
+    0, /* 0x2 '\x02' */
+    0, /* 0x3 '\x03' */
+    0, /* 0x4 '\x04' */
+    0, /* 0x5 '\x05' */
+    0, /* 0x6 '\x06' */
+    0, /* 0x7 '\x07' */
+    0, /* 0x8 '\x08' */
+    FLAG_SPACE, /* 0x9 '\t' */
+    FLAG_SPACE, /* 0xa '\n' */
+    FLAG_SPACE, /* 0xb '\v' */
+    FLAG_SPACE, /* 0xc '\f' */
+    FLAG_SPACE, /* 0xd '\r' */
+    0, /* 0xe '\x0e' */
+    0, /* 0xf '\x0f' */
+    0, /* 0x10 '\x10' */
+    0, /* 0x11 '\x11' */
+    0, /* 0x12 '\x12' */
+    0, /* 0x13 '\x13' */
+    0, /* 0x14 '\x14' */
+    0, /* 0x15 '\x15' */
+    0, /* 0x16 '\x16' */
+    0, /* 0x17 '\x17' */
+    0, /* 0x18 '\x18' */
+    0, /* 0x19 '\x19' */
+    0, /* 0x1a '\x1a' */
+    0, /* 0x1b '\x1b' */
+    0, /* 0x1c '\x1c' */
+    0, /* 0x1d '\x1d' */
+    0, /* 0x1e '\x1e' */
+    0, /* 0x1f '\x1f' */
+    FLAG_SPACE, /* 0x20 ' ' */
+    0, /* 0x21 '!' */
+    0, /* 0x22 '"' */
+    0, /* 0x23 '#' */
+    0, /* 0x24 '$' */
+    0, /* 0x25 '%' */
+    0, /* 0x26 '&' */
+    0, /* 0x27 "'" */
+    0, /* 0x28 '(' */
+    0, /* 0x29 ')' */
+    0, /* 0x2a '*' */
+    0, /* 0x2b '+' */
+    0, /* 0x2c ',' */
+    0, /* 0x2d '-' */
+    0, /* 0x2e '.' */
+    0, /* 0x2f '/' */
+    FLAG_DIGIT|FLAG_XDIGIT, /* 0x30 '0' */
+    FLAG_DIGIT|FLAG_XDIGIT, /* 0x31 '1' */
+    FLAG_DIGIT|FLAG_XDIGIT, /* 0x32 '2' */
+    FLAG_DIGIT|FLAG_XDIGIT, /* 0x33 '3' */
+    FLAG_DIGIT|FLAG_XDIGIT, /* 0x34 '4' */
+    FLAG_DIGIT|FLAG_XDIGIT, /* 0x35 '5' */
+    FLAG_DIGIT|FLAG_XDIGIT, /* 0x36 '6' */
+    FLAG_DIGIT|FLAG_XDIGIT, /* 0x37 '7' */
+    FLAG_DIGIT|FLAG_XDIGIT, /* 0x38 '8' */
+    FLAG_DIGIT|FLAG_XDIGIT, /* 0x39 '9' */
+    0, /* 0x3a ':' */
+    0, /* 0x3b ';' */
+    0, /* 0x3c '<' */
+    0, /* 0x3d '=' */
+    0, /* 0x3e '>' */
+    0, /* 0x3f '?' */
+    0, /* 0x40 '@' */
+    FLAG_UPPER|FLAG_XDIGIT, /* 0x41 'A' */
+    FLAG_UPPER|FLAG_XDIGIT, /* 0x42 'B' */
+    FLAG_UPPER|FLAG_XDIGIT, /* 0x43 'C' */
+    FLAG_UPPER|FLAG_XDIGIT, /* 0x44 'D' */
+    FLAG_UPPER|FLAG_XDIGIT, /* 0x45 'E' */
+    FLAG_UPPER|FLAG_XDIGIT, /* 0x46 'F' */
+    FLAG_UPPER, /* 0x47 'G' */
+    FLAG_UPPER, /* 0x48 'H' */
+    FLAG_UPPER, /* 0x49 'I' */
+    FLAG_UPPER, /* 0x4a 'J' */
+    FLAG_UPPER, /* 0x4b 'K' */
+    FLAG_UPPER, /* 0x4c 'L' */
+    FLAG_UPPER, /* 0x4d 'M' */
+    FLAG_UPPER, /* 0x4e 'N' */
+    FLAG_UPPER, /* 0x4f 'O' */
+    FLAG_UPPER, /* 0x50 'P' */
+    FLAG_UPPER, /* 0x51 'Q' */
+    FLAG_UPPER, /* 0x52 'R' */
+    FLAG_UPPER, /* 0x53 'S' */
+    FLAG_UPPER, /* 0x54 'T' */
+    FLAG_UPPER, /* 0x55 'U' */
+    FLAG_UPPER, /* 0x56 'V' */
+    FLAG_UPPER, /* 0x57 'W' */
+    FLAG_UPPER, /* 0x58 'X' */
+    FLAG_UPPER, /* 0x59 'Y' */
+    FLAG_UPPER, /* 0x5a 'Z' */
+    0, /* 0x5b '[' */
+    0, /* 0x5c '\\' */
+    0, /* 0x5d ']' */
+    0, /* 0x5e '^' */
+    0, /* 0x5f '_' */
+    0, /* 0x60 '`' */
+    FLAG_LOWER|FLAG_XDIGIT, /* 0x61 'a' */
+    FLAG_LOWER|FLAG_XDIGIT, /* 0x62 'b' */
+    FLAG_LOWER|FLAG_XDIGIT, /* 0x63 'c' */
+    FLAG_LOWER|FLAG_XDIGIT, /* 0x64 'd' */
+    FLAG_LOWER|FLAG_XDIGIT, /* 0x65 'e' */
+    FLAG_LOWER|FLAG_XDIGIT, /* 0x66 'f' */
+    FLAG_LOWER, /* 0x67 'g' */
+    FLAG_LOWER, /* 0x68 'h' */
+    FLAG_LOWER, /* 0x69 'i' */
+    FLAG_LOWER, /* 0x6a 'j' */
+    FLAG_LOWER, /* 0x6b 'k' */
+    FLAG_LOWER, /* 0x6c 'l' */
+    FLAG_LOWER, /* 0x6d 'm' */
+    FLAG_LOWER, /* 0x6e 'n' */
+    FLAG_LOWER, /* 0x6f 'o' */
+    FLAG_LOWER, /* 0x70 'p' */
+    FLAG_LOWER, /* 0x71 'q' */
+    FLAG_LOWER, /* 0x72 'r' */
+    FLAG_LOWER, /* 0x73 's' */
+    FLAG_LOWER, /* 0x74 't' */
+    FLAG_LOWER, /* 0x75 'u' */
+    FLAG_LOWER, /* 0x76 'v' */
+    FLAG_LOWER, /* 0x77 'w' */
+    FLAG_LOWER, /* 0x78 'x' */
+    FLAG_LOWER, /* 0x79 'y' */
+    FLAG_LOWER, /* 0x7a 'z' */
+    0, /* 0x7b '{' */
+    0, /* 0x7c '|' */
+    0, /* 0x7d '}' */
+    0, /* 0x7e '~' */
+    0, /* 0x7f '\x7f' */
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+};
+
+
+const unsigned char _Py_ctype_tolower[256] = {
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
+    0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
+    0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27,
+    0x28, 0x29, 0x2a, 0x2b, 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e, 0x2f,
+    0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37,
+    0x38, 0x39, 0x3a, 0x3b, 0x3c, 0x3d, 0x3e, 0x3f,
+    0x40, 0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67,
+    0x68, 0x69, 0x6a, 0x6b, 0x6c, 0x6d, 0x6e, 0x6f,
+    0x70, 0x71, 0x72, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77,
+    0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0x5b, 0x5c, 0x5d, 0x5e, 0x5f,
+    0x60, 0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67,
+    0x68, 0x69, 0x6a, 0x6b, 0x6c, 0x6d, 0x6e, 0x6f,
+    0x70, 0x71, 0x72, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77,
+    0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0x7b, 0x7c, 0x7d, 0x7e, 0x7f,
+    0x80, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87,
+    0x88, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x8b, 0x8c, 0x8d, 0x8e, 0x8f,
+    0x90, 0x91, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96, 0x97,
+    0x98, 0x99, 0x9a, 0x9b, 0x9c, 0x9d, 0x9e, 0x9f,
+    0xa0, 0xa1, 0xa2, 0xa3, 0xa4, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa7,
+    0xa8, 0xa9, 0xaa, 0xab, 0xac, 0xad, 0xae, 0xaf,
+    0xb0, 0xb1, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb7,
+    0xb8, 0xb9, 0xba, 0xbb, 0xbc, 0xbd, 0xbe, 0xbf,
+    0xc0, 0xc1, 0xc2, 0xc3, 0xc4, 0xc5, 0xc6, 0xc7,
+    0xc8, 0xc9, 0xca, 0xcb, 0xcc, 0xcd, 0xce, 0xcf,
+    0xd0, 0xd1, 0xd2, 0xd3, 0xd4, 0xd5, 0xd6, 0xd7,
+    0xd8, 0xd9, 0xda, 0xdb, 0xdc, 0xdd, 0xde, 0xdf,
+    0xe0, 0xe1, 0xe2, 0xe3, 0xe4, 0xe5, 0xe6, 0xe7,
+    0xe8, 0xe9, 0xea, 0xeb, 0xec, 0xed, 0xee, 0xef,
+    0xf0, 0xf1, 0xf2, 0xf3, 0xf4, 0xf5, 0xf6, 0xf7,
+    0xf8, 0xf9, 0xfa, 0xfb, 0xfc, 0xfd, 0xfe, 0xff,
+};
+
+const unsigned char _Py_ctype_toupper[256] = {
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+    0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
+    0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
+    0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27,
+    0x28, 0x29, 0x2a, 0x2b, 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e, 0x2f,
+    0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37,
+    0x38, 0x39, 0x3a, 0x3b, 0x3c, 0x3d, 0x3e, 0x3f,
+    0x40, 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x47,
+    0x48, 0x49, 0x4a, 0x4b, 0x4c, 0x4d, 0x4e, 0x4f,
+    0x50, 0x51, 0x52, 0x53, 0x54, 0x55, 0x56, 0x57,
+    0x58, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x5b, 0x5c, 0x5d, 0x5e, 0x5f,
+    0x60, 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x47,
+    0x48, 0x49, 0x4a, 0x4b, 0x4c, 0x4d, 0x4e, 0x4f,
+    0x50, 0x51, 0x52, 0x53, 0x54, 0x55, 0x56, 0x57,
+    0x58, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x7b, 0x7c, 0x7d, 0x7e, 0x7f,
+    0x80, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87,
+    0x88, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x8b, 0x8c, 0x8d, 0x8e, 0x8f,
+    0x90, 0x91, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96, 0x97,
+    0x98, 0x99, 0x9a, 0x9b, 0x9c, 0x9d, 0x9e, 0x9f,
+    0xa0, 0xa1, 0xa2, 0xa3, 0xa4, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa7,
+    0xa8, 0xa9, 0xaa, 0xab, 0xac, 0xad, 0xae, 0xaf,
+    0xb0, 0xb1, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb7,
+    0xb8, 0xb9, 0xba, 0xbb, 0xbc, 0xbd, 0xbe, 0xbf,
+    0xc0, 0xc1, 0xc2, 0xc3, 0xc4, 0xc5, 0xc6, 0xc7,
+    0xc8, 0xc9, 0xca, 0xcb, 0xcc, 0xcd, 0xce, 0xcf,
+    0xd0, 0xd1, 0xd2, 0xd3, 0xd4, 0xd5, 0xd6, 0xd7,
+    0xd8, 0xd9, 0xda, 0xdb, 0xdc, 0xdd, 0xde, 0xdf,
+    0xe0, 0xe1, 0xe2, 0xe3, 0xe4, 0xe5, 0xe6, 0xe7,
+    0xe8, 0xe9, 0xea, 0xeb, 0xec, 0xed, 0xee, 0xef,
+    0xf0, 0xf1, 0xf2, 0xf3, 0xf4, 0xf5, 0xf6, 0xf7,
+    0xf8, 0xf9, 0xfa, 0xfb, 0xfc, 0xfd, 0xfe, 0xff,
+};
+
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR_shared(_Py_isspace__doc__,
+"B.isspace() -> bool\n\
+\n\
+Return True if all characters in B are whitespace\n\
+and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise.");
+
+PyObject*
+_Py_bytes_isspace(const char *cptr, Py_ssize_t len)
+{
+    register const unsigned char *p
+        = (unsigned char *) cptr;
+    register const unsigned char *e;
+
+    /* Shortcut for single character strings */
+    if (len == 1 && ISSPACE(*p))
+        Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+
+    /* Special case for empty strings */
+    if (len == 0)
+        Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+
+    e = p + len;
+    for (; p < e; p++) {
+	if (!ISSPACE(*p))
+            Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+}
+
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR_shared(_Py_isalpha__doc__,
+"B.isalpha() -> bool\n\
+\n\
+Return True if all characters in B are alphabetic\n\
+and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise.");
+
+PyObject*
+_Py_bytes_isalpha(const char *cptr, Py_ssize_t len)
+{
+    register const unsigned char *p
+        = (unsigned char *) cptr;
+    register const unsigned char *e;
+
+    /* Shortcut for single character strings */
+    if (len == 1 && ISALPHA(*p))
+	Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+
+    /* Special case for empty strings */
+    if (len == 0)
+	Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+
+    e = p + len;
+    for (; p < e; p++) {
+	if (!ISALPHA(*p))
+	    Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+}
+
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR_shared(_Py_isalnum__doc__,
+"B.isalnum() -> bool\n\
+\n\
+Return True if all characters in B are alphanumeric\n\
+and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise.");
+
+PyObject*
+_Py_bytes_isalnum(const char *cptr, Py_ssize_t len)
+{
+    register const unsigned char *p
+        = (unsigned char *) cptr;
+    register const unsigned char *e;
+
+    /* Shortcut for single character strings */
+    if (len == 1 && ISALNUM(*p))
+	Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+
+    /* Special case for empty strings */
+    if (len == 0)
+	Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+
+    e = p + len;
+    for (; p < e; p++) {
+	if (!ISALNUM(*p))
+	    Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+}
+
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR_shared(_Py_isdigit__doc__,
+"B.isdigit() -> bool\n\
+\n\
+Return True if all characters in B are digits\n\
+and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise.");
+
+PyObject*
+_Py_bytes_isdigit(const char *cptr, Py_ssize_t len)
+{
+    register const unsigned char *p
+        = (unsigned char *) cptr;
+    register const unsigned char *e;
+
+    /* Shortcut for single character strings */
+    if (len == 1 && ISDIGIT(*p))
+	Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+
+    /* Special case for empty strings */
+    if (len == 0)
+	Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+
+    e = p + len;
+    for (; p < e; p++) {
+	if (!ISDIGIT(*p))
+	    Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+}
+
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR_shared(_Py_islower__doc__,
+"B.islower() -> bool\n\
+\n\
+Return True if all cased characters in B are lowercase and there is\n\
+at least one cased character in B, False otherwise.");
+
+PyObject*
+_Py_bytes_islower(const char *cptr, Py_ssize_t len)
+{
+    register const unsigned char *p
+        = (unsigned char *) cptr;
+    register const unsigned char *e;
+    int cased;
+
+    /* Shortcut for single character strings */
+    if (len == 1)
+	return PyBool_FromLong(ISLOWER(*p));
+
+    /* Special case for empty strings */
+    if (len == 0)
+	Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+
+    e = p + len;
+    cased = 0;
+    for (; p < e; p++) {
+	if (ISUPPER(*p))
+	    Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+	else if (!cased && ISLOWER(*p))
+	    cased = 1;
+    }
+    return PyBool_FromLong(cased);
+}
+
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR_shared(_Py_isupper__doc__,
+"B.isupper() -> bool\n\
+\n\
+Return True if all cased characters in B are uppercase and there is\n\
+at least one cased character in B, False otherwise.");
+
+PyObject*
+_Py_bytes_isupper(const char *cptr, Py_ssize_t len)
+{
+    register const unsigned char *p
+        = (unsigned char *) cptr;
+    register const unsigned char *e;
+    int cased;
+
+    /* Shortcut for single character strings */
+    if (len == 1)
+	return PyBool_FromLong(ISUPPER(*p));
+
+    /* Special case for empty strings */
+    if (len == 0)
+	Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+
+    e = p + len;
+    cased = 0;
+    for (; p < e; p++) {
+	if (ISLOWER(*p))
+	    Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+	else if (!cased && ISUPPER(*p))
+	    cased = 1;
+    }
+    return PyBool_FromLong(cased);
+}
+
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR_shared(_Py_istitle__doc__,
+"B.istitle() -> bool\n\
+\n\
+Return True if B is a titlecased string and there is at least one\n\
+character in B, i.e. uppercase characters may only follow uncased\n\
+characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return False\n\
+otherwise.");
+
+PyObject*
+_Py_bytes_istitle(const char *cptr, Py_ssize_t len)
+{
+    register const unsigned char *p
+        = (unsigned char *) cptr;
+    register const unsigned char *e;
+    int cased, previous_is_cased;
+
+    /* Shortcut for single character strings */
+    if (len == 1)
+	return PyBool_FromLong(ISUPPER(*p));
+
+    /* Special case for empty strings */
+    if (len == 0)
+	Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+
+    e = p + len;
+    cased = 0;
+    previous_is_cased = 0;
+    for (; p < e; p++) {
+	register const unsigned char ch = *p;
+
+	if (ISUPPER(ch)) {
+	    if (previous_is_cased)
+		Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+	    previous_is_cased = 1;
+	    cased = 1;
+	}
+	else if (ISLOWER(ch)) {
+	    if (!previous_is_cased)
+		Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+	    previous_is_cased = 1;
+	    cased = 1;
+	}
+	else
+	    previous_is_cased = 0;
+    }
+    return PyBool_FromLong(cased);
+}
+
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR_shared(_Py_lower__doc__,
+"B.lower() -> copy of B\n\
+\n\
+Return a copy of B with all ASCII characters converted to lowercase.");
+
+void
+_Py_bytes_lower(char *result, const char *cptr, Py_ssize_t len)
+{
+	Py_ssize_t i;
+
+        /*
+	newobj = PyString_FromStringAndSize(NULL, len);
+	if (!newobj)
+		return NULL;
+
+	s = PyString_AS_STRING(newobj);
+        */
+
+	Py_MEMCPY(result, cptr, len);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		int c = Py_CHARMASK(result[i]);
+		if (ISUPPER(c))
+			result[i] = TOLOWER(c);
+	}
+}
+
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR_shared(_Py_upper__doc__,
+"B.upper() -> copy of B\n\
+\n\
+Return a copy of B with all ASCII characters converted to uppercase.");
+
+void
+_Py_bytes_upper(char *result, const char *cptr, Py_ssize_t len)
+{
+	Py_ssize_t i;
+
+        /*
+	newobj = PyString_FromStringAndSize(NULL, len);
+	if (!newobj)
+		return NULL;
+
+	s = PyString_AS_STRING(newobj);
+        */
+
+	Py_MEMCPY(result, cptr, len);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		int c = Py_CHARMASK(result[i]);
+		if (ISLOWER(c))
+			result[i] = TOUPPER(c);
+	}
+}
+
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR_shared(_Py_title__doc__,
+"B.title() -> copy of B\n\
+\n\
+Return a titlecased version of B, i.e. ASCII words start with uppercase\n\
+characters, all remaining cased characters have lowercase.");
+
+void
+_Py_bytes_title(char *result, char *s, Py_ssize_t len)
+{
+	Py_ssize_t i;
+	int previous_is_cased = 0;
+
+        /*
+	newobj = PyString_FromStringAndSize(NULL, len);
+	if (newobj == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	s_new = PyString_AsString(newobj);
+        */
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		int c = Py_CHARMASK(*s++);
+		if (ISLOWER(c)) {
+			if (!previous_is_cased)
+			    c = TOUPPER(c);
+			previous_is_cased = 1;
+		} else if (ISUPPER(c)) {
+			if (previous_is_cased)
+			    c = TOLOWER(c);
+			previous_is_cased = 1;
+		} else
+			previous_is_cased = 0;
+		*result++ = c;
+	}
+}
+
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR_shared(_Py_capitalize__doc__,
+"B.capitalize() -> copy of B\n\
+\n\
+Return a copy of B with only its first character capitalized (ASCII).");
+
+void
+_Py_bytes_capitalize(char *result, char *s, Py_ssize_t len)
+{
+	Py_ssize_t i;
+
+        /*
+	newobj = PyString_FromStringAndSize(NULL, len);
+	if (newobj == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	s_new = PyString_AsString(newobj);
+        */
+	if (0 < len) {
+		int c = Py_CHARMASK(*s++);
+		if (ISLOWER(c))
+			*result = TOUPPER(c);
+		else
+			*result = c;
+		result++;
+	}
+	for (i = 1; i < len; i++) {
+		int c = Py_CHARMASK(*s++);
+		if (ISUPPER(c))
+			*result = TOLOWER(c);
+		else
+			*result = c;
+		result++;
+	}
+}
+
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR_shared(_Py_swapcase__doc__,
+"B.swapcase() -> copy of B\n\
+\n\
+Return a copy of B with uppercase ASCII characters converted\n\
+to lowercase ASCII and vice versa.");
+
+void
+_Py_bytes_swapcase(char *result, char *s, Py_ssize_t len)
+{
+	Py_ssize_t i;
+
+        /*
+	newobj = PyString_FromStringAndSize(NULL, len);
+	if (newobj == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	s_new = PyString_AsString(newobj);
+        */
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		int c = Py_CHARMASK(*s++);
+		if (ISLOWER(c)) {
+			*result = TOUPPER(c);
+		}
+		else if (ISUPPER(c)) {
+			*result = TOLOWER(c);
+		}
+		else
+			*result = c;
+		result++;
+	}
+}
+