bpo-46541: Replace core use of _Py_IDENTIFIER() with statically initialized global objects. (gh-30928)

We're no longer using _Py_IDENTIFIER() (or _Py_static_string()) in any core CPython code.  It is still used in a number of non-builtin stdlib modules.

The replacement is: PyUnicodeObject (not pointer) fields under _PyRuntimeState, statically initialized as part of _PyRuntime.  A new _Py_GET_GLOBAL_IDENTIFIER() macro facilitates lookup of the fields (along with _Py_GET_GLOBAL_STRING() for non-identifier strings).

https://bugs.python.org/issue46541#msg411799 explains the rationale for this change.

The core of the change is in:

* (new) Include/internal/pycore_global_strings.h - the declarations for the global strings, along with the macros
* Include/internal/pycore_runtime_init.h - added the static initializers for the global strings
* Include/internal/pycore_global_objects.h - where the struct in pycore_global_strings.h is hooked into _PyRuntimeState
* Tools/scripts/generate_global_objects.py - added generation of the global string declarations and static initializers

I've also added a --check flag to generate_global_objects.py (along with make check-global-objects) to check for unused global strings.  That check is added to the PR CI config.

The remainder of this change updates the core code to use _Py_GET_GLOBAL_IDENTIFIER() instead of _Py_IDENTIFIER() and the related _Py*Id functions (likewise for _Py_GET_GLOBAL_STRING() instead of _Py_static_string()).  This includes adding a few functions where there wasn't already an alternative to _Py*Id(), replacing the _Py_Identifier * parameter with PyObject *.

The following are not changed (yet):

* stop using _Py_IDENTIFIER() in the stdlib modules
* (maybe) get rid of _Py_IDENTIFIER(), etc. entirely -- this may not be doable as at least one package on PyPI using this (private) API
* (maybe) intern the strings during runtime init

https://bugs.python.org/issue46541

1 files changed, 2 insertions, 4 deletions

diff --git a/Objects/exceptions.c b/Objects/exceptions.c
index ea8a310..9b1c9f1 100644
--- a/Objects/exceptions.c
+++ b/Objects/exceptions.c
@@ -1499,16 +1499,14 @@ ImportError_getstate(PyImportErrorObject *self)
 {
     PyObject *dict = ((PyBaseExceptionObject *)self)->dict;
     if (self->name || self->path) {
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(name);
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(path);
         dict = dict ? PyDict_Copy(dict) : PyDict_New();
         if (dict == NULL)
             return NULL;
-        if (self->name && _PyDict_SetItemId(dict, &PyId_name, self->name) < 0) {
+        if (self->name && PyDict_SetItem(dict, &_Py_ID(name), self->name) < 0) {
             Py_DECREF(dict);
             return NULL;
         }
-        if (self->path && _PyDict_SetItemId(dict, &PyId_path, self->path) < 0) {
+        if (self->path && PyDict_SetItem(dict, &_Py_ID(path), self->path) < 0) {
             Py_DECREF(dict);
             return NULL;
         }