bpo-45061: Detect refcount bug on empty tuple singleton (GH-28503)

Detect refcount bugs in C extensions when the empty tuple singleton
is destroyed by mistake.

Add the _Py_FatalRefcountErrorFunc() function.

3 files changed, 21 insertions, 5 deletions

diff --git a/Objects/boolobject.c b/Objects/boolobject.c
index bc1666f..c72243a 100644
--- a/Objects/boolobject.c
+++ b/Objects/boolobject.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /* Boolean type, a subtype of int */
 
 #include "Python.h"
+#include "pycore_pyerrors.h"      // _Py_FatalRefcountError()
 #include "longintrepr.h"
 
 /* We define bool_repr to return "False" or "True" */
@@ -156,8 +157,7 @@ static PyNumberMethods bool_as_number = {
 static void _Py_NO_RETURN
 bool_dealloc(PyObject* Py_UNUSED(ignore))
 {
-    Py_FatalError("deallocating True or False likely caused by "
-                  "a refcount bug in a C extension");
+    _Py_FatalRefcountError("deallocating True or False");
 }
 
 /* The type object for bool.  Note that this cannot be subclassed! */
diff --git a/Objects/object.c b/Objects/object.c
index 026262b..aa84815 100644
--- a/Objects/object.c
+++ b/Objects/object.c
@@ -1563,8 +1563,7 @@ none_repr(PyObject *op)
 static void _Py_NO_RETURN
 none_dealloc(PyObject* Py_UNUSED(ignore))
 {
-    Py_FatalError("deallocating None likely caused by a refcount bug "
-                  "in a C extension");
+    _Py_FatalRefcountError("deallocating None");
 }
 
 static PyObject *
diff --git a/Objects/tupleobject.c b/Objects/tupleobject.c
index 3e3aea4..e64b93b 100644
--- a/Objects/tupleobject.c
+++ b/Objects/tupleobject.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "pycore_gc.h"            // _PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED()
 #include "pycore_initconfig.h"    // _PyStatus_OK()
 #include "pycore_object.h"        // _PyObject_GC_TRACK()
+#include "pycore_pyerrors.h"      // _Py_FatalRefcountError()
 
 /*[clinic input]
 class tuple "PyTupleObject *" "&PyTuple_Type"
@@ -287,6 +288,17 @@ tupledealloc(PyTupleObject *op)
         }
 #endif
     }
+#if defined(Py_DEBUG) && PyTuple_MAXSAVESIZE > 0
+    else {
+        assert(len == 0);
+        struct _Py_tuple_state *state = get_tuple_state();
+        // The empty tuple singleton must only be deallocated by
+        // _PyTuple_Fini(): not before, not after
+        if (op == state->free_list[0] && state->numfree[0] != 0) {
+            _Py_FatalRefcountError("deallocating the empty tuple singleton");
+        }
+    }
+#endif
     Py_TYPE(op)->tp_free((PyObject *)op);
 
 #if PyTuple_MAXSAVESIZE > 0
@@ -1048,11 +1060,16 @@ _PyTuple_Fini(PyInterpreterState *interp)
     struct _Py_tuple_state *state = &interp->tuple;
     // The empty tuple singleton must not be tracked by the GC
     assert(!_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(state->free_list[0]));
+
+#ifdef Py_DEBUG
+    state->numfree[0] = 0;
+#endif
     Py_CLEAR(state->free_list[0]);
-    _PyTuple_ClearFreeList(interp);
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
     state->numfree[0] = -1;
 #endif
+
+    _PyTuple_ClearFreeList(interp);
 #endif
 }