gh-98608: Change _Py_NewInterpreter() to _Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig() (gh-98609)

(see https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/98608)

This change does the following:

1. change the argument to a new `_PyInterpreterConfig` struct
2. rename the function to `_Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig()`, inspired by `Py_InitializeFromConfig()` (takes a `_PyInterpreterConfig`  instead of `isolated_subinterpreter`)
3. split up the boolean `isolated_subinterpreter` into the corresponding multiple granular settings
   * allow_fork
   * allow_subprocess
   * allow_threads
4. add `PyInterpreterState.feature_flags` to store those settings
5. add a function for checking if a feature is enabled on an opaque `PyInterpreterState *`
6. drop `PyConfig._isolated_interpreter`

The existing default (see `Py_NewInterpeter()` and `Py_Initialize*()`) allows fork, subprocess, and threads and the optional "isolated" interpreter (see the `_xxsubinterpreters` module) disables all three.  None of that changes here; the defaults are preserved.

Note that the given `_PyInterpreterConfig` will not be used outside `_Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig()`, nor preserved.  This contrasts with how `PyConfig` is currently preserved, used, and even modified outside `Py_InitializeFromConfig()`.  I'd rather just avoid that mess from the start for `_PyInterpreterConfig`.  We can preserve it later if we find an actual need.

This change allows us to follow up with a number of improvements (e.g. stop disallowing subprocess and support disallowing exec instead).

(Note that this PR adds "private" symbols.  We'll probably make them public, and add docs, in a separate change.)

1 files changed, 8 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Python/pystate.c b/Python/pystate.c
index c74868d..dd6d6e9 100644
--- a/Python/pystate.c
+++ b/Python/pystate.c
@@ -2177,6 +2177,14 @@ _Py_GetConfig(void)
     return _PyInterpreterState_GetConfig(tstate->interp);
 }
 
+
+int
+_PyInterpreterState_HasFeature(PyInterpreterState *interp, unsigned long feature)
+{
+    return ((interp->feature_flags & feature) != 0);
+}
+
+
 #define MINIMUM_OVERHEAD 1000
 
 static PyObject **