Renamed PyString to PyBytes

21 files changed, 364 insertions, 364 deletions

diff --git a/Python/Python-ast.c b/Python/Python-ast.c
index f958145..35a3d27 100644
--- a/Python/Python-ast.c
+++ b/Python/Python-ast.c
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ static PyTypeObject* make_type(char *type, PyTypeObject* base, char**fields, int
     fnames = PyTuple_New(num_fields);
     if (!fnames) return NULL;
     for (i = 0; i < num_fields; i++) {
-        PyObject *field = PyString_FromString(fields[i]);
+        PyObject *field = PyBytes_FromString(fields[i]);
         if (!field) {
             Py_DECREF(fnames);
             return NULL;
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ static int add_attributes(PyTypeObject* type, char**attrs, int num_fields)
     PyObject *s, *l = PyTuple_New(num_fields);
     if (!l) return 0;
     for(i = 0; i < num_fields; i++) {
-        s = PyString_FromString(attrs[i]);
+        s = PyBytes_FromString(attrs[i]);
         if (!s) {
             Py_DECREF(l);
             return 0;
@@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ static int obj2ast_int(PyObject* obj, int* out, PyArena* arena)
         PyObject *s = PyObject_Repr(obj);
         if (s == NULL) return 1;
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "invalid integer value: %.400s",
-                     PyString_AS_STRING(s));
+                     PyBytes_AS_STRING(s));
         Py_DECREF(s);
         return 1;
     }
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ static int obj2ast_bool(PyObject* obj, bool* out, PyArena* arena)
         PyObject *s = PyObject_Repr(obj);
         if (s == NULL) return 1;
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "invalid boolean value: %.400s",
-                     PyString_AS_STRING(s));
+                     PyBytes_AS_STRING(s));
         Py_DECREF(s);
         return 1;
     }
@@ -3286,7 +3286,7 @@ obj2ast_mod(PyObject* obj, mod_ty* out, PyArena* arena)
 
         tmp = PyObject_Repr(obj);
         if (tmp == NULL) goto failed;
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of mod, but got %.400s", PyString_AS_STRING(tmp));
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of mod, but got %.400s", PyBytes_AS_STRING(tmp));
 failed:
         Py_XDECREF(tmp);
         return 1;
@@ -4414,7 +4414,7 @@ obj2ast_stmt(PyObject* obj, stmt_ty* out, PyArena* arena)
 
         tmp = PyObject_Repr(obj);
         if (tmp == NULL) goto failed;
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of stmt, but got %.400s", PyString_AS_STRING(tmp));
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of stmt, but got %.400s", PyBytes_AS_STRING(tmp));
 failed:
         Py_XDECREF(tmp);
         return 1;
@@ -5261,7 +5261,7 @@ obj2ast_expr(PyObject* obj, expr_ty* out, PyArena* arena)
 
         tmp = PyObject_Repr(obj);
         if (tmp == NULL) goto failed;
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of expr, but got %.400s", PyString_AS_STRING(tmp));
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of expr, but got %.400s", PyBytes_AS_STRING(tmp));
 failed:
         Py_XDECREF(tmp);
         return 1;
@@ -5299,7 +5299,7 @@ obj2ast_expr_context(PyObject* obj, expr_context_ty* out, PyArena* arena)
 
         tmp = PyObject_Repr(obj);
         if (tmp == NULL) goto failed;
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of expr_context, but got %.400s", PyString_AS_STRING(tmp));
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of expr_context, but got %.400s", PyBytes_AS_STRING(tmp));
 failed:
         Py_XDECREF(tmp);
         return 1;
@@ -5417,7 +5417,7 @@ obj2ast_slice(PyObject* obj, slice_ty* out, PyArena* arena)
 
         tmp = PyObject_Repr(obj);
         if (tmp == NULL) goto failed;
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of slice, but got %.400s", PyString_AS_STRING(tmp));
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of slice, but got %.400s", PyBytes_AS_STRING(tmp));
 failed:
         Py_XDECREF(tmp);
         return 1;
@@ -5439,7 +5439,7 @@ obj2ast_boolop(PyObject* obj, boolop_ty* out, PyArena* arena)
 
         tmp = PyObject_Repr(obj);
         if (tmp == NULL) goto failed;
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of boolop, but got %.400s", PyString_AS_STRING(tmp));
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of boolop, but got %.400s", PyBytes_AS_STRING(tmp));
 failed:
         Py_XDECREF(tmp);
         return 1;
@@ -5501,7 +5501,7 @@ obj2ast_operator(PyObject* obj, operator_ty* out, PyArena* arena)
 
         tmp = PyObject_Repr(obj);
         if (tmp == NULL) goto failed;
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of operator, but got %.400s", PyString_AS_STRING(tmp));
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of operator, but got %.400s", PyBytes_AS_STRING(tmp));
 failed:
         Py_XDECREF(tmp);
         return 1;
@@ -5531,7 +5531,7 @@ obj2ast_unaryop(PyObject* obj, unaryop_ty* out, PyArena* arena)
 
         tmp = PyObject_Repr(obj);
         if (tmp == NULL) goto failed;
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of unaryop, but got %.400s", PyString_AS_STRING(tmp));
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of unaryop, but got %.400s", PyBytes_AS_STRING(tmp));
 failed:
         Py_XDECREF(tmp);
         return 1;
@@ -5585,7 +5585,7 @@ obj2ast_cmpop(PyObject* obj, cmpop_ty* out, PyArena* arena)
 
         tmp = PyObject_Repr(obj);
         if (tmp == NULL) goto failed;
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of cmpop, but got %.400s", PyString_AS_STRING(tmp));
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of cmpop, but got %.400s", PyBytes_AS_STRING(tmp));
 failed:
         Py_XDECREF(tmp);
         return 1;
@@ -5751,7 +5751,7 @@ obj2ast_excepthandler(PyObject* obj, excepthandler_ty* out, PyArena* arena)
 
         tmp = PyObject_Repr(obj);
         if (tmp == NULL) goto failed;
-        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of excepthandler, but got %.400s", PyString_AS_STRING(tmp));
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected some sort of excepthandler, but got %.400s", PyBytes_AS_STRING(tmp));
 failed:
         Py_XDECREF(tmp);
         return 1;
diff --git a/Python/_warnings.c b/Python/_warnings.c
index 6603bf0..9783745 100644
--- a/Python/_warnings.c
+++ b/Python/_warnings.c
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ get_warnings_attr(const char *attr)
     int result;
 
     if (warnings_str == NULL) {
-        warnings_str = PyString_InternFromString("warnings");
+        warnings_str = PyBytes_InternFromString("warnings");
         if (warnings_str == NULL)
             return NULL;
     }
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ get_filter(PyObject *category, PyObject *text, Py_ssize_t lineno,
             return NULL;
 
         if (good_msg && is_subclass && good_mod && (ln == 0 || lineno == ln))
-            return PyString_AsString(action);
+            return PyBytes_AsString(action);
     }
 
     m = PyImport_ImportModule(MODULE_NAME);
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ get_filter(PyObject *category, PyObject *text, Py_ssize_t lineno,
         return NULL;
     action = PyDict_GetItemString(d, DEFAULT_ACTION_NAME);
     if (action != NULL)
-        return PyString_AsString(action);
+        return PyBytes_AsString(action);
 
     PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                     MODULE_NAME "." DEFAULT_ACTION_NAME " not found");
@@ -184,17 +184,17 @@ normalize_module(PyObject *filename)
     if (rc == -1)
         return NULL;
     else if (rc == 0)
-        return PyString_FromString("<unknown>");
+        return PyBytes_FromString("<unknown>");
 
-    mod_str = PyString_AsString(filename);
+    mod_str = PyBytes_AsString(filename);
     if (mod_str == NULL)
 	    return NULL;
-    len = PyString_Size(filename);
+    len = PyBytes_Size(filename);
     if (len < 0)
         return NULL;
     if (len >= 3 &&
 	strncmp(mod_str + (len - 3), ".py", 3) == 0) {
-        module = PyString_FromStringAndSize(mod_str, len-3);
+        module = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(mod_str, len-3);
     }
     else {
         module = filename;
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ show_warning(PyObject *filename, int lineno, PyObject *text, PyObject
     /* Print "  source_line\n" */
     PyFile_WriteString("  ", f_stderr);
     if (sourceline) {
-        char *source_line_str = PyString_AS_STRING(sourceline);
+        char *source_line_str = PyBytes_AS_STRING(sourceline);
         while (*source_line_str == ' ' || *source_line_str == '\t' ||
                 *source_line_str == '\014')
             source_line_str++;
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ show_warning(PyObject *filename, int lineno, PyObject *text, PyObject
         PyFile_WriteString("\n", f_stderr);
     }
     else
-        Py_DisplaySourceLine(f_stderr, PyString_AS_STRING(filename), lineno);
+        Py_DisplaySourceLine(f_stderr, PyBytes_AS_STRING(filename), lineno);
     PyErr_Clear();
 }
 
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ warn_explicit(PyObject *category, PyObject *message,
             const char *err_str = "???";
 
             if (to_str != NULL)
-                err_str = PyString_AS_STRING(to_str);
+                err_str = PyBytes_AS_STRING(to_str);
             PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
                         "Unrecognized action (%s) in warnings.filters:\n %s",
                         action, err_str);
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ warn_explicit(PyObject *category, PyObject *message,
         else {
             const char *msg = "functions overriding warnings.showwarning() "
                                 "must support the 'line' argument";
-            const char *text_char = PyString_AS_STRING(text);
+            const char *text_char = PyBytes_AS_STRING(text);
 
             if (strcmp(msg, text_char) == 0) {
                 /* Prevent infinite recursion by using built-in implementation
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ setup_context(Py_ssize_t stack_level, PyObject **filename, int *lineno,
     /* Setup module. */
     *module = PyDict_GetItemString(globals, "__name__");
     if (*module == NULL) {
-        *module = PyString_FromString("<string>");
+        *module = PyBytes_FromString("<string>");
         if (*module == NULL)
             goto handle_error;
     }
@@ -494,8 +494,8 @@ setup_context(Py_ssize_t stack_level, PyObject **filename, int *lineno,
     /* Setup filename. */
     *filename = PyDict_GetItemString(globals, "__file__");
     if (*filename != NULL) {
-	    Py_ssize_t len = PyString_Size(*filename);
-        const char *file_str = PyString_AsString(*filename);
+	    Py_ssize_t len = PyBytes_Size(*filename);
+        const char *file_str = PyBytes_AsString(*filename);
 	    if (file_str == NULL || (len < 0 && PyErr_Occurred()))
             goto handle_error;
 
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ setup_context(Py_ssize_t stack_level, PyObject **filename, int *lineno,
             (tolower(file_str[len-1]) == 'c' ||
                 tolower(file_str[len-1]) == 'o'))
         {
-            *filename = PyString_FromStringAndSize(file_str, len-1);
+            *filename = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(file_str, len-1);
 	        if (*filename == NULL)
 		        goto handle_error;
 	    }
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ setup_context(Py_ssize_t stack_level, PyObject **filename, int *lineno,
             Py_INCREF(*filename);
     }
     else {
-        const char *module_str = PyString_AsString(*module);
+        const char *module_str = PyBytes_AsString(*module);
         if (module_str && strcmp(module_str, "__main__") == 0) {
             PyObject *argv = PySys_GetObject("argv");
             if (argv != NULL && PyList_Size(argv) > 0) {
@@ -530,14 +530,14 @@ setup_context(Py_ssize_t stack_level, PyObject **filename, int *lineno,
                 }
                 else if (!is_true) {
                     Py_DECREF(*filename);
-                    *filename = PyString_FromString("__main__");
+                    *filename = PyBytes_FromString("__main__");
                     if (*filename == NULL)
                         goto handle_error;
                 }
             }
             else {
                 /* embedded interpreters don't have sys.argv, see bug #839151 */
-                *filename = PyString_FromString("__main__");
+                *filename = PyBytes_FromString("__main__");
 	            if (*filename == NULL)
 	                goto handle_error;
             }
@@ -649,12 +649,12 @@ warnings_warn_explicit(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
         PyObject *returned;
 
         if (get_source_name == NULL) {
-            get_source_name = PyString_InternFromString("get_source");
+            get_source_name = PyBytes_InternFromString("get_source");
             if (!get_source_name)
                 return NULL;
         }
         if (splitlines_name == NULL) {
-            splitlines_name = PyString_InternFromString("splitlines");
+            splitlines_name = PyBytes_InternFromString("splitlines");
             if (!splitlines_name)
                 return NULL;
         }
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ int
 PyErr_WarnEx(PyObject *category, const char *text, Py_ssize_t stack_level)
 {
     PyObject *res;
-    PyObject *message = PyString_FromString(text);
+    PyObject *message = PyBytes_FromString(text);
     if (message == NULL)
         return -1;
 
@@ -745,15 +745,15 @@ PyErr_WarnExplicit(PyObject *category, const char *text,
                    const char *module_str, PyObject *registry)
 {
     PyObject *res;
-    PyObject *message = PyString_FromString(text);
-    PyObject *filename = PyString_FromString(filename_str);
+    PyObject *message = PyBytes_FromString(text);
+    PyObject *filename = PyBytes_FromString(filename_str);
     PyObject *module = NULL;
     int ret = -1;
 
     if (message == NULL || filename == NULL)
         goto exit;
     if (module_str != NULL) {
-        module = PyString_FromString(module_str);
+        module = PyBytes_FromString(module_str);
             if (module == NULL)
                 goto exit;
     }
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ create_filter(PyObject *category, const char *action)
 
     if (!strcmp(action, "ignore")) {
         if (ignore_str == NULL) {
-            ignore_str = PyString_InternFromString("ignore");
+            ignore_str = PyBytes_InternFromString("ignore");
             if (ignore_str == NULL)
                 return NULL;
         }
@@ -820,7 +820,7 @@ create_filter(PyObject *category, const char *action)
     }
     else if (!strcmp(action, "error")) {
         if (error_str == NULL) {
-            error_str = PyString_InternFromString("error");
+            error_str = PyBytes_InternFromString("error");
             if (error_str == NULL)
                 return NULL;
         }
@@ -828,7 +828,7 @@ create_filter(PyObject *category, const char *action)
     }
     else if (!strcmp(action, "default")) {
         if (default_str == NULL) {
-            default_str = PyString_InternFromString("default");
+            default_str = PyBytes_InternFromString("default");
             if (default_str == NULL)
                 return NULL;
         }
@@ -901,7 +901,7 @@ _PyWarnings_Init(void)
     if (PyModule_AddObject(m, "once_registry", _once_registry) < 0)
         return;
 
-    default_action = PyString_InternFromString("default");
+    default_action = PyBytes_InternFromString("default");
     if (default_action == NULL)
         return;
     if (PyModule_AddObject(m, DEFAULT_ACTION_NAME, default_action) < 0)
diff --git a/Python/ast.c b/Python/ast.c
index 06f5fdf..0bc7595 100644
--- a/Python/ast.c
+++ b/Python/ast.c
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ static PyObject *parsestrplus(struct compiling *, const node *n);
 
 static identifier
 new_identifier(const char* n, PyArena *arena) {
-    PyObject* id = PyString_InternFromString(n);
+    PyObject* id = PyBytes_InternFromString(n);
     PyArena_AddPyObject(arena, id);
     return id;
 }
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ set_context(struct compiling *c, expr_ty e, expr_context_ty ctx, const node *n)
     switch (e->kind) {
         case Attribute_kind:
             if (ctx == Store &&
-                !strcmp(PyString_AS_STRING(e->v.Attribute.attr), "None")) {
+                !strcmp(PyBytes_AS_STRING(e->v.Attribute.attr), "None")) {
                 return ast_error(n, "assignment to None");
             }
             e->v.Attribute.ctx = ctx;
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ set_context(struct compiling *c, expr_ty e, expr_context_ty ctx, const node *n)
             break;
         case Name_kind:
             if (ctx == Store &&
-                !strcmp(PyString_AS_STRING(e->v.Name.id), "None")) {
+                !strcmp(PyBytes_AS_STRING(e->v.Name.id), "None")) {
                     return ast_error(n, "assignment to None");
             }
             e->v.Name.ctx = ctx;
@@ -1276,7 +1276,7 @@ ast_for_atom(struct compiling *c, const node *n)
                 if (errstr) {
                     char *s = "";
                     char buf[128];
-                    s = PyString_AsString(errstr);
+                    s = PyBytes_AsString(errstr);
                     PyOS_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "(unicode error) %s", s);
                     ast_error(n, buf);
                 } else {
@@ -1921,7 +1921,7 @@ ast_for_call(struct compiling *c, const node *n, expr_ty func)
                     return NULL;
                 }
                 key = e->v.Name.id;
-                if (!strcmp(PyString_AS_STRING(key), "None")) {
+                if (!strcmp(PyBytes_AS_STRING(key), "None")) {
                     ast_error(CHILD(ch, 0), "assignment to None");
                     return NULL;
                 }
@@ -2050,7 +2050,7 @@ ast_for_expr_stmt(struct compiling *c, const node *n)
                           "expression not possible");
                 return NULL;
             case Name_kind: {
-                const char *var_name = PyString_AS_STRING(expr1->v.Name.id);
+                const char *var_name = PyBytes_AS_STRING(expr1->v.Name.id);
                 if (var_name[0] == 'N' && !strcmp(var_name, "None")) {
                     ast_error(ch, "assignment to None");
                     return NULL;
@@ -2326,10 +2326,10 @@ alias_for_import_name(struct compiling *c, const node *n)
                     /* length of string plus one for the dot */
                     len += strlen(STR(CHILD(n, i))) + 1;
                 len--; /* the last name doesn't have a dot */
-                str = PyString_FromStringAndSize(NULL, len);
+                str = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, len);
                 if (!str)
                     return NULL;
-                s = PyString_AS_STRING(str);
+                s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(str);
                 if (!s)
                     return NULL;
                 for (i = 0; i < NCH(n); i += 2) {
@@ -2340,13 +2340,13 @@ alias_for_import_name(struct compiling *c, const node *n)
                 }
                 --s;
                 *s = '\0';
-                PyString_InternInPlace(&str);
+                PyBytes_InternInPlace(&str);
                 PyArena_AddPyObject(c->c_arena, str);
                 return alias(str, NULL, c->c_arena);
             }
             break;
         case STAR:
-            str = PyString_InternFromString("*");
+            str = PyBytes_InternFromString("*");
             PyArena_AddPyObject(c->c_arena, str);
             return alias(str, NULL, c->c_arena);
         default:
@@ -3196,10 +3196,10 @@ decode_unicode(struct compiling *c, const char *s, size_t len, int rawmode, cons
                 u = NULL;
         } else {
                 /* "\XX" may become "\u005c\uHHLL" (12 bytes) */
-                u = PyString_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, len * 4);
+                u = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, len * 4);
                 if (u == NULL)
                         return NULL;
-                p = buf = PyString_AsString(u);
+                p = buf = PyBytes_AsString(u);
                 end = s + len;
                 while (s < end) {
                         if (*s == '\\') {
@@ -3218,8 +3218,8 @@ decode_unicode(struct compiling *c, const char *s, size_t len, int rawmode, cons
                                         Py_DECREF(u);
                                         return NULL;
                                 }
-                                r = PyString_AsString(w);
-                                rn = PyString_Size(w);
+                                r = PyBytes_AsString(w);
+                                rn = PyBytes_Size(w);
                                 assert(rn % 2 == 0);
                                 for (i = 0; i < rn; i += 2) {
                                         sprintf(p, "\\u%02x%02x",
@@ -3318,11 +3318,11 @@ parsestr(struct compiling *c, const char *s)
                         return v;
 #endif
                 } else {
-                        return PyString_FromStringAndSize(s, len);
+                        return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(s, len);
                 }
         }
 
-        return PyString_DecodeEscape(s, len, NULL, unicode,
+        return PyBytes_DecodeEscape(s, len, NULL, unicode,
                                      need_encoding ? c->c_encoding : NULL);
 }
 
@@ -3343,8 +3343,8 @@ parsestrplus(struct compiling *c, const node *n)
                         s = parsestr(c, STR(CHILD(n, i)));
                         if (s == NULL)
                                 goto onError;
-                        if (PyString_Check(v) && PyString_Check(s)) {
-                                PyString_ConcatAndDel(&v, s);
+                        if (PyBytes_Check(v) && PyBytes_Check(s)) {
+                                PyBytes_ConcatAndDel(&v, s);
                                 if (v == NULL)
                                     goto onError;
                         }
diff --git a/Python/bltinmodule.c b/Python/bltinmodule.c
index 8734822..dbae0c9 100644
--- a/Python/bltinmodule.c
+++ b/Python/bltinmodule.c
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ builtin_filter(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 		return NULL;
 
 	/* Strings and tuples return a result of the same type. */
-	if (PyString_Check(seq))
+	if (PyBytes_Check(seq))
 		return filterstring(func, seq);
 #ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
 	if (PyUnicode_Check(seq))
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ builtin_chr(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 		return NULL;
 	}
 	s[0] = (char)x;
-	return PyString_FromStringAndSize(s, 1);
+	return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(s, 1);
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(chr_doc,
@@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ builtin_eval(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 		return PyEval_EvalCode((PyCodeObject *) cmd, globals, locals);
 	}
 
-	if (!PyString_Check(cmd) &&
+	if (!PyBytes_Check(cmd) &&
 	    !PyUnicode_Check(cmd)) {
 		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
 			   "eval() arg 1 must be a string or code object");
@@ -669,7 +669,7 @@ builtin_eval(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 		cf.cf_flags |= PyCF_SOURCE_IS_UTF8;
 	}
 #endif
-	if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(cmd, &str, NULL)) {
+	if (PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(cmd, &str, NULL)) {
 		Py_XDECREF(tmp);
 		return NULL;
 	}
@@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ builtin_getattr(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 	}
 #endif
 
-	if (!PyString_Check(name)) {
+	if (!PyBytes_Check(name)) {
 		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
 				"getattr(): attribute name must be string");
 		return NULL;
@@ -870,7 +870,7 @@ builtin_hasattr(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 	}
 #endif
 
-	if (!PyString_Check(name)) {
+	if (!PyBytes_Check(name)) {
 		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
 				"hasattr(): attribute name must be string");
 		return NULL;
@@ -1189,7 +1189,7 @@ builtin_hex(PyObject *self, PyObject *v)
 		return NULL;
 	}
 	res = (*nb->nb_hex)(v);
-	if (res && !PyString_Check(res)) {
+	if (res && !PyBytes_Check(res)) {
 		PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
 			     "__hex__ returned non-string (type %.200s)",
 			     res->ob_type->tp_name);
@@ -1249,13 +1249,13 @@ builtin_intern(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 	PyObject *s;
 	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "S:intern", &s))
 		return NULL;
-	if (!PyString_CheckExact(s)) {
+	if (!PyBytes_CheckExact(s)) {
 		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
 				"can't intern subclass of string");
 		return NULL;
 	}
 	Py_INCREF(s);
-	PyString_InternInPlace(&s);
+	PyBytes_InternInPlace(&s);
 	return s;
 }
 
@@ -1457,7 +1457,7 @@ builtin_oct(PyObject *self, PyObject *v)
 		return NULL;
 	}
 	res = (*nb->nb_oct)(v);
-	if (res && !PyString_Check(res)) {
+	if (res && !PyBytes_Check(res)) {
 		PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
 			     "__oct__ returned non-string (type %.200s)",
 			     res->ob_type->tp_name);
@@ -1492,10 +1492,10 @@ builtin_ord(PyObject *self, PyObject* obj)
 	long ord;
 	Py_ssize_t size;
 
-	if (PyString_Check(obj)) {
-		size = PyString_GET_SIZE(obj);
+	if (PyBytes_Check(obj)) {
+		size = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(obj);
 		if (size == 1) {
-			ord = (long)((unsigned char)*PyString_AS_STRING(obj));
+			ord = (long)((unsigned char)*PyBytes_AS_STRING(obj));
 			return PyInt_FromLong(ord);
 		}
 	} else if (PyByteArray_Check(obj)) {
@@ -1572,14 +1572,14 @@ builtin_print(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 			Py_RETURN_NONE;
 	}
 
-	if (sep && sep != Py_None && !PyString_Check(sep) &&
+	if (sep && sep != Py_None && !PyBytes_Check(sep) &&
             !PyUnicode_Check(sep)) {
 		PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
 			     "sep must be None, str or unicode, not %.200s",
 			     sep->ob_type->tp_name);
 		return NULL;
 	}
-	if (end && end != Py_None && !PyString_Check(end) &&
+	if (end && end != Py_None && !PyBytes_Check(end) &&
 	    !PyUnicode_Check(end)) {
 		PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
 			     "end must be None, str or unicode, not %.200s",
@@ -1948,7 +1948,7 @@ builtin_raw_input(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 			po = PyObject_Str(v);
 			if (po == NULL)
 				return NULL;
-			prompt = PyString_AsString(po);
+			prompt = PyBytes_AsString(po);
 			if (prompt == NULL)
 				return NULL;
 		}
@@ -1976,7 +1976,7 @@ builtin_raw_input(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 				result = NULL;
 			}
 			else {
-				result = PyString_FromStringAndSize(s, len-1);
+				result = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(s, len-1);
 			}
 		}
 		PyMem_FREE(s);
@@ -2619,7 +2619,7 @@ _PyBuiltin_Init(void)
 	SETBUILTIN("bool",		&PyBool_Type);
 	/*	SETBUILTIN("memoryview",        &PyMemoryView_Type); */
 	SETBUILTIN("bytearray",		&PyByteArray_Type);
-	SETBUILTIN("bytes",		&PyString_Type);
+	SETBUILTIN("bytes",		&PyBytes_Type);
 	SETBUILTIN("buffer",		&PyBuffer_Type);
 	SETBUILTIN("classmethod",	&PyClassMethod_Type);
 #ifndef WITHOUT_COMPLEX
@@ -2639,7 +2639,7 @@ _PyBuiltin_Init(void)
 	SETBUILTIN("set",		&PySet_Type);
 	SETBUILTIN("slice",		&PySlice_Type);
 	SETBUILTIN("staticmethod",	&PyStaticMethod_Type);
-	SETBUILTIN("str",		&PyString_Type);
+	SETBUILTIN("str",		&PyBytes_Type);
 	SETBUILTIN("super",		&PySuper_Type);
 	SETBUILTIN("tuple",		&PyTuple_Type);
 	SETBUILTIN("type",		&PyType_Type);
@@ -2737,7 +2737,7 @@ filterstring(PyObject *func, PyObject *strobj)
 {
 	PyObject *result;
 	Py_ssize_t i, j;
-	Py_ssize_t len = PyString_Size(strobj);
+	Py_ssize_t len = PyBytes_Size(strobj);
 	Py_ssize_t outlen = len;
 
 	if (func == Py_None) {
@@ -2745,12 +2745,12 @@ filterstring(PyObject *func, PyObject *strobj)
 		 * as no character is ever false and __getitem__
 		 * does return this character. If it's a subclass
 		 * we must go through the __getitem__ loop */
-		if (PyString_CheckExact(strobj)) {
+		if (PyBytes_CheckExact(strobj)) {
 			Py_INCREF(strobj);
 			return strobj;
 		}
 	}
-	if ((result = PyString_FromStringAndSize(NULL, len)) == NULL)
+	if ((result = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, len)) == NULL)
 		return NULL;
 
 	for (i = j = 0; i < len; ++i) {
@@ -2780,16 +2780,16 @@ filterstring(PyObject *func, PyObject *strobj)
 		}
 		if (ok) {
 			Py_ssize_t reslen;
-			if (!PyString_Check(item)) {
+			if (!PyBytes_Check(item)) {
 				PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "can't filter str to str:"
 					" __getitem__ returned different type");
 				Py_DECREF(item);
 				goto Fail_1;
 			}
-			reslen = PyString_GET_SIZE(item);
+			reslen = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(item);
 			if (reslen == 1) {
-				PyString_AS_STRING(result)[j++] =
-					PyString_AS_STRING(item)[0];
+				PyBytes_AS_STRING(result)[j++] =
+					PyBytes_AS_STRING(item)[0];
 			} else {
 				/* do we need more space? */
 				Py_ssize_t need = j + reslen + len-i-1;
@@ -2797,15 +2797,15 @@ filterstring(PyObject *func, PyObject *strobj)
 					/* overallocate, to avoid reallocations */
 					if (need<2*outlen)
 						need = 2*outlen;
-					if (_PyString_Resize(&result, need)) {
+					if (_PyBytes_Resize(&result, need)) {
 						Py_DECREF(item);
 						return NULL;
 					}
 					outlen = need;
 				}
 				memcpy(
-					PyString_AS_STRING(result) + j,
-					PyString_AS_STRING(item),
+					PyBytes_AS_STRING(result) + j,
+					PyBytes_AS_STRING(item),
 					reslen
 				);
 				j += reslen;
@@ -2815,7 +2815,7 @@ filterstring(PyObject *func, PyObject *strobj)
 	}
 
 	if (j < outlen)
-		_PyString_Resize(&result, j);
+		_PyBytes_Resize(&result, j);
 
 	return result;
 
diff --git a/Python/ceval.c b/Python/ceval.c
index 0cff157..bf48255 100644
--- a/Python/ceval.c
+++ b/Python/ceval.c
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ PyEval_EvalFrameEx(PyFrameObject *f, int throwflag)
 	consts = co->co_consts;
 	fastlocals = f->f_localsplus;
 	freevars = f->f_localsplus + co->co_nlocals;
-	first_instr = (unsigned char*) PyString_AS_STRING(co->co_code);
+	first_instr = (unsigned char*) PyBytes_AS_STRING(co->co_code);
 	/* An explanation is in order for the next line.
 
 	   f->f_lasti now refers to the index of the last instruction
@@ -766,7 +766,7 @@ PyEval_EvalFrameEx(PyFrameObject *f, int throwflag)
 	lltrace = PyDict_GetItemString(f->f_globals, "__lltrace__") != NULL;
 #endif
 #if defined(Py_DEBUG) || defined(LLTRACE)
-	filename = PyString_AsString(co->co_filename);
+	filename = PyBytes_AsString(co->co_filename);
 #endif
 
 	why = WHY_NOT;
@@ -1147,8 +1147,8 @@ PyEval_EvalFrameEx(PyFrameObject *f, int throwflag)
 					goto slow_add;
 				x = PyInt_FromLong(i);
 			}
-			else if (PyString_CheckExact(v) &&
-				 PyString_CheckExact(w)) {
+			else if (PyBytes_CheckExact(v) &&
+				 PyBytes_CheckExact(w)) {
 				x = string_concatenate(v, w, f, next_instr);
 				/* string_concatenate consumed the ref to v */
 				goto skip_decref_vx;
@@ -1349,8 +1349,8 @@ PyEval_EvalFrameEx(PyFrameObject *f, int throwflag)
 					goto slow_iadd;
 				x = PyInt_FromLong(i);
 			}
-			else if (PyString_CheckExact(v) &&
-				 PyString_CheckExact(w)) {
+			else if (PyBytes_CheckExact(v) &&
+				 PyBytes_CheckExact(w)) {
 				x = string_concatenate(v, w, f, next_instr);
 				/* string_concatenate consumed the ref to v */
 				goto skip_decref_v;
@@ -1576,9 +1576,9 @@ PyEval_EvalFrameEx(PyFrameObject *f, int throwflag)
 				err = PyFile_WriteObject(v, w, Py_PRINT_RAW);
 			if (err == 0) {
 			    /* XXX move into writeobject() ? */
-			    if (PyString_Check(v)) {
-				char *s = PyString_AS_STRING(v);
-				Py_ssize_t len = PyString_GET_SIZE(v);
+			    if (PyBytes_Check(v)) {
+				char *s = PyBytes_AS_STRING(v);
+				Py_ssize_t len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(v);
 				if (len == 0 ||
 				    !isspace(Py_CHARMASK(s[len-1])) ||
 				    s[len-1] == ' ')
@@ -1705,7 +1705,7 @@ PyEval_EvalFrameEx(PyFrameObject *f, int throwflag)
 					retval = POP();
 			}
 			else if (PyExceptionClass_Check(v) ||
-			         PyString_Check(v)) {
+			         PyBytes_Check(v)) {
 				w = POP();
 				u = POP();
 				PyErr_Restore(v, w, u);
@@ -1869,11 +1869,11 @@ PyEval_EvalFrameEx(PyFrameObject *f, int throwflag)
 
 		case LOAD_GLOBAL:
 			w = GETITEM(names, oparg);
-			if (PyString_CheckExact(w)) {
+			if (PyBytes_CheckExact(w)) {
 				/* Inline the PyDict_GetItem() calls.
 				   WARNING: this is an extreme speed hack.
 				   Do not try this at home. */
-				long hash = ((PyStringObject *)w)->ob_shash;
+				long hash = ((PyBytesObject *)w)->ob_shash;
 				if (hash != -1) {
 					PyDictObject *d;
 					PyDictEntry *e;
@@ -2726,7 +2726,7 @@ PyEval_EvalCodeEx(PyCodeObject *co, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals,
 				PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
 				    "%.200s() takes %s %d "
 				    "%sargument%s (%d given)",
-				    PyString_AsString(co->co_name),
+				    PyBytes_AsString(co->co_name),
 				    defcount ? "at most" : "exactly",
 				    co->co_argcount,
 				    kwcount ? "non-keyword " : "",
@@ -2756,10 +2756,10 @@ PyEval_EvalCodeEx(PyCodeObject *co, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals,
 			PyObject *keyword = kws[2*i];
 			PyObject *value = kws[2*i + 1];
 			int j;
-			if (keyword == NULL || !PyString_Check(keyword)) {
+			if (keyword == NULL || !PyBytes_Check(keyword)) {
 				PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
 				    "%.200s() keywords must be strings",
-				    PyString_AsString(co->co_name));
+				    PyBytes_AsString(co->co_name));
 				goto fail;
 			}
 			/* XXX slow -- speed up using dictionary? */
@@ -2781,8 +2781,8 @@ PyEval_EvalCodeEx(PyCodeObject *co, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals,
 					PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
 					    "%.200s() got an unexpected "
 					    "keyword argument '%.400s'",
-					    PyString_AsString(co->co_name),
-					    PyString_AsString(keyword));
+					    PyBytes_AsString(co->co_name),
+					    PyBytes_AsString(keyword));
 					goto fail;
 				}
 				PyDict_SetItem(kwdict, keyword, value);
@@ -2793,8 +2793,8 @@ PyEval_EvalCodeEx(PyCodeObject *co, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals,
 					     "%.200s() got multiple "
 					     "values for keyword "
 					     "argument '%.400s'",
-					     PyString_AsString(co->co_name),
-					     PyString_AsString(keyword));
+					     PyBytes_AsString(co->co_name),
+					     PyBytes_AsString(keyword));
 					goto fail;
 				}
 				Py_INCREF(value);
@@ -2808,7 +2808,7 @@ PyEval_EvalCodeEx(PyCodeObject *co, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals,
 					PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
 					    "%.200s() takes %s %d "
 					    "%sargument%s (%d given)",
-					    PyString_AsString(co->co_name),
+					    PyBytes_AsString(co->co_name),
 					    ((co->co_flags & CO_VARARGS) ||
 					     defcount) ? "at least"
 						       : "exactly",
@@ -2834,7 +2834,7 @@ PyEval_EvalCodeEx(PyCodeObject *co, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals,
 		if (argcount > 0 || kwcount > 0) {
 			PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
 				     "%.200s() takes no arguments (%d given)",
-				     PyString_AsString(co->co_name),
+				     PyBytes_AsString(co->co_name),
 				     argcount + kwcount);
 			goto fail;
 		}
@@ -2860,11 +2860,11 @@ PyEval_EvalCodeEx(PyCodeObject *co, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals,
 		   list so that we can march over it more efficiently?
 		*/
 		for (i = 0; i < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(co->co_cellvars); ++i) {
-			cellname = PyString_AS_STRING(
+			cellname = PyBytes_AS_STRING(
 				PyTuple_GET_ITEM(co->co_cellvars, i));
 			found = 0;
 			for (j = 0; j < nargs; j++) {
-				argname = PyString_AS_STRING(
+				argname = PyBytes_AS_STRING(
 					PyTuple_GET_ITEM(co->co_varnames, j));
 				if (strcmp(cellname, argname) == 0) {
 					c = PyCell_New(GETLOCAL(j));
@@ -3522,13 +3522,13 @@ PyEval_GetFuncName(PyObject *func)
 	if (PyMethod_Check(func))
 		return PyEval_GetFuncName(PyMethod_GET_FUNCTION(func));
 	else if (PyFunction_Check(func))
-		return PyString_AsString(((PyFunctionObject*)func)->func_name);
+		return PyBytes_AsString(((PyFunctionObject*)func)->func_name);
 	else if (PyCFunction_Check(func))
 		return ((PyCFunctionObject*)func)->m_ml->ml_name;
 	else if (PyClass_Check(func))
-		return PyString_AsString(((PyClassObject*)func)->cl_name);
+		return PyBytes_AsString(((PyClassObject*)func)->cl_name);
 	else if (PyInstance_Check(func)) {
-		return PyString_AsString(
+		return PyBytes_AsString(
 			((PyInstanceObject*)func)->in_class->cl_name);
 	} else {
 		return func->ob_type->tp_name;
@@ -3767,7 +3767,7 @@ update_keyword_args(PyObject *orig_kwdict, int nk, PyObject ***pp_stack,
 				     "for keyword argument '%.200s'",
 				     PyEval_GetFuncName(func),
 				     PyEval_GetFuncDesc(func),
-				     PyString_AsString(key));
+				     PyBytes_AsString(key));
 			Py_DECREF(key);
 			Py_DECREF(value);
 			Py_DECREF(kwdict);
@@ -4086,7 +4086,7 @@ cmp_outcome(int op, register PyObject *v, register PyObject *w)
 			length = PyTuple_Size(w);
 			for (i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {
 				PyObject *exc = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(w, i);
-				if (PyString_Check(exc)) {
+				if (PyBytes_Check(exc)) {
 					int ret_val;
 					ret_val = PyErr_WarnEx(
 						PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
@@ -4109,7 +4109,7 @@ cmp_outcome(int op, register PyObject *v, register PyObject *w)
 			}
 		}
 		else {
-			if (PyString_Check(w)) {
+			if (PyBytes_Check(w)) {
 				int ret_val;
 				ret_val = PyErr_WarnEx(
 						PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
@@ -4149,7 +4149,7 @@ import_from(PyObject *v, PyObject *name)
 	if (x == NULL && PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError)) {
 		PyErr_Format(PyExc_ImportError,
 			     "cannot import name %.230s",
-			     PyString_AsString(name));
+			     PyBytes_AsString(name));
 	}
 	return x;
 }
@@ -4191,8 +4191,8 @@ import_all_from(PyObject *locals, PyObject *v)
 			break;
 		}
 		if (skip_leading_underscores &&
-		    PyString_Check(name) &&
-		    PyString_AS_STRING(name)[0] == '_')
+		    PyBytes_Check(name) &&
+		    PyBytes_AS_STRING(name)[0] == '_')
 		{
 			Py_DECREF(name);
 			continue;
@@ -4251,12 +4251,12 @@ build_class(PyObject *methods, PyObject *bases, PyObject *name)
 		PyObject *ptype, *pvalue, *ptraceback;
 
 		PyErr_Fetch(&ptype, &pvalue, &ptraceback);
-		if (PyString_Check(pvalue)) {
+		if (PyBytes_Check(pvalue)) {
 			PyObject *newmsg;
-			newmsg = PyString_FromFormat(
+			newmsg = PyBytes_FromFormat(
 				"Error when calling the metaclass bases\n"
 				"    %s",
-				PyString_AS_STRING(pvalue));
+				PyBytes_AS_STRING(pvalue));
 			if (newmsg != NULL) {
 				Py_DECREF(pvalue);
 				pvalue = newmsg;
@@ -4297,7 +4297,7 @@ exec_statement(PyFrameObject *f, PyObject *prog, PyObject *globals,
 	}
 	else if (locals == Py_None)
 		locals = globals;
-	if (!PyString_Check(prog) &&
+	if (!PyBytes_Check(prog) &&
 	    !PyUnicode_Check(prog) &&
 	    !PyCode_Check(prog) &&
 	    !PyFile_Check(prog)) {
@@ -4327,7 +4327,7 @@ exec_statement(PyFrameObject *f, PyObject *prog, PyObject *globals,
 	}
 	else if (PyFile_Check(prog)) {
 		FILE *fp = PyFile_AsFile(prog);
-		char *name = PyString_AsString(PyFile_Name(prog));
+		char *name = PyBytes_AsString(PyFile_Name(prog));
 		PyCompilerFlags cf;
 		if (name == NULL)
 			return -1;
@@ -4353,7 +4353,7 @@ exec_statement(PyFrameObject *f, PyObject *prog, PyObject *globals,
 			cf.cf_flags |= PyCF_SOURCE_IS_UTF8;
 		}
 #endif
-		if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(prog, &str, NULL))
+		if (PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(prog, &str, NULL))
 			return -1;
 		if (PyEval_MergeCompilerFlags(&cf))
 			v = PyRun_StringFlags(str, Py_file_input, globals,
@@ -4378,7 +4378,7 @@ format_exc_check_arg(PyObject *exc, char *format_str, PyObject *obj)
 	if (!obj)
 		return;
 
-	obj_str = PyString_AsString(obj);
+	obj_str = PyBytes_AsString(obj);
 	if (!obj_str)
 		return;
 
@@ -4391,8 +4391,8 @@ string_concatenate(PyObject *v, PyObject *w,
 {
 	/* This function implements 'variable += expr' when both arguments
 	   are strings. */
-	Py_ssize_t v_len = PyString_GET_SIZE(v);
-	Py_ssize_t w_len = PyString_GET_SIZE(w);
+	Py_ssize_t v_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(v);
+	Py_ssize_t w_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(w);
 	Py_ssize_t new_len = v_len + w_len;
 	if (new_len < 0) {
 		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
@@ -4441,12 +4441,12 @@ string_concatenate(PyObject *v, PyObject *w,
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (v->ob_refcnt == 1 && !PyString_CHECK_INTERNED(v)) {
+	if (v->ob_refcnt == 1 && !PyBytes_CHECK_INTERNED(v)) {
 		/* Now we own the last reference to 'v', so we can resize it
 		 * in-place.
 		 */
-		if (_PyString_Resize(&v, new_len) != 0) {
-			/* XXX if _PyString_Resize() fails, 'v' has been
+		if (_PyBytes_Resize(&v, new_len) != 0) {
+			/* XXX if _PyBytes_Resize() fails, 'v' has been
 			 * deallocated so it cannot be put back into
 			 * 'variable'.  The MemoryError is raised when there
 			 * is no value in 'variable', which might (very
@@ -4455,13 +4455,13 @@ string_concatenate(PyObject *v, PyObject *w,
 			return NULL;
 		}
 		/* copy 'w' into the newly allocated area of 'v' */
-		memcpy(PyString_AS_STRING(v) + v_len,
-		       PyString_AS_STRING(w), w_len);
+		memcpy(PyBytes_AS_STRING(v) + v_len,
+		       PyBytes_AS_STRING(w), w_len);
 		return v;
 	}
 	else {
 		/* When in-place resizing is not an option. */
-		PyString_Concat(&v, w);
+		PyBytes_Concat(&v, w);
 		return v;
 	}
 }
diff --git a/Python/codecs.c b/Python/codecs.c
index 4b0f4cb..0e8cdc7 100644
--- a/Python/codecs.c
+++ b/Python/codecs.c
@@ -61,10 +61,10 @@ PyObject *normalizestring(const char *string)
 	return NULL;
     }
 	
-    v = PyString_FromStringAndSize(NULL, len);
+    v = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, len);
     if (v == NULL)
 	return NULL;
-    p = PyString_AS_STRING(v);
+    p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(v);
     for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
         register char ch = string[i];
         if (ch == ' ')
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ PyObject *_PyCodec_Lookup(const char *encoding)
     v = normalizestring(encoding);
     if (v == NULL)
 	goto onError;
-    PyString_InternInPlace(&v);
+    PyBytes_InternInPlace(&v);
 
     /* First, try to lookup the name in the registry dictionary */
     result = PyDict_GetItem(interp->codec_search_cache, v);
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ PyObject *args_tuple(PyObject *object,
     if (errors) {
 	PyObject *v;
 	
-	v = PyString_FromString(errors);
+	v = PyBytes_FromString(errors);
 	if (v == NULL) {
 	    Py_DECREF(args);
 	    return NULL;
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ static void wrong_exception_type(PyObject *exc)
 	    if (string != NULL) {
 	        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
 		    "don't know how to handle %.400s in error callback",
-		    PyString_AS_STRING(string));
+		    PyBytes_AS_STRING(string));
 	        Py_DECREF(string);
 	    }
 	}
diff --git a/Python/compile.c b/Python/compile.c
index c81218d..5092acc 100644
--- a/Python/compile.c
+++ b/Python/compile.c
@@ -184,15 +184,15 @@ _Py_Mangle(PyObject *privateobj, PyObject *ident)
 {
 	/* Name mangling: __private becomes _classname__private.
 	   This is independent from how the name is used. */
-	const char *p, *name = PyString_AsString(ident);
+	const char *p, *name = PyBytes_AsString(ident);
 	char *buffer;
 	size_t nlen, plen;
-	if (privateobj == NULL || !PyString_Check(privateobj) ||
+	if (privateobj == NULL || !PyBytes_Check(privateobj) ||
 	    name == NULL || name[0] != '_' || name[1] != '_') {
 		Py_INCREF(ident);
 		return ident;
 	}
-	p = PyString_AsString(privateobj);
+	p = PyBytes_AsString(privateobj);
 	nlen = strlen(name);
 	/* Don't mangle __id__ or names with dots.
 
@@ -216,11 +216,11 @@ _Py_Mangle(PyObject *privateobj, PyObject *ident)
 		return ident; /* Don't mangle if class is just underscores */
 	}
 	plen = strlen(p);
-	ident = PyString_FromStringAndSize(NULL, 1 + nlen + plen);
+	ident = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, 1 + nlen + plen);
 	if (!ident)
 		return 0;
 	/* ident = "_" + p[:plen] + name # i.e. 1+plen+nlen bytes */
-	buffer = PyString_AS_STRING(ident);
+	buffer = PyBytes_AS_STRING(ident);
 	buffer[0] = '_';
 	strncpy(buffer+1, p, plen);
 	strcpy(buffer+1+plen, name);
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ PyAST_Compile(mod_ty mod, const char *filename, PyCompilerFlags *flags,
 	int merged;
 
 	if (!__doc__) {
-		__doc__ = PyString_InternFromString("__doc__");
+		__doc__ = PyBytes_InternFromString("__doc__");
 		if (!__doc__)
 			return NULL;
 	}
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ compiler_new_tmpname(struct compiler *c)
 {
 	char tmpname[256];
 	PyOS_snprintf(tmpname, sizeof(tmpname), "_[%d]", ++c->u->u_tmpname);
-	return PyString_FromString(tmpname);
+	return PyBytes_FromString(tmpname);
 }
 
 /* Allocate a new block and return a pointer to it.
@@ -1193,7 +1193,7 @@ compiler_mod(struct compiler *c, mod_ty mod)
 	int addNone = 1;
 	static PyObject *module;
 	if (!module) {
-		module = PyString_InternFromString("<module>");
+		module = PyBytes_InternFromString("<module>");
 		if (!module)
 			return NULL;
 	}
@@ -1245,8 +1245,8 @@ get_ref_type(struct compiler *c, PyObject *name)
 	    PyOS_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
 			  "unknown scope for %.100s in %.100s(%s) in %s\n"
 			  "symbols: %s\nlocals: %s\nglobals: %s\n",
-			  PyString_AS_STRING(name), 
-			  PyString_AS_STRING(c->u->u_name), 
+			  PyBytes_AS_STRING(name), 
+			  PyBytes_AS_STRING(c->u->u_name), 
 			  PyObject_REPR(c->u->u_ste->ste_id),
 			  c->c_filename,
 			  PyObject_REPR(c->u->u_ste->ste_symbols),
@@ -1304,9 +1304,9 @@ compiler_make_closure(struct compiler *c, PyCodeObject *co, int args)
 			printf("lookup %s in %s %d %d\n"
 				"freevars of %s: %s\n",
 				PyObject_REPR(name), 
-				PyString_AS_STRING(c->u->u_name), 
+				PyBytes_AS_STRING(c->u->u_name), 
 				reftype, arg,
-				PyString_AS_STRING(co->co_name),
+				PyBytes_AS_STRING(co->co_name),
 				PyObject_REPR(co->co_freevars));
 			Py_FatalError("compiler_make_closure()");
 		}
@@ -1341,7 +1341,7 @@ compiler_arguments(struct compiler *c, arguments_ty args)
 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 		expr_ty arg = (expr_ty)asdl_seq_GET(args->args, i);
 		if (arg->kind == Tuple_kind) {
-			PyObject *id = PyString_FromFormat(".%d", i);
+			PyObject *id = PyBytes_FromFormat(".%d", i);
 			if (id == NULL) {
 				return 0;
 			}
@@ -1434,7 +1434,7 @@ compiler_class(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
 	Py_XDECREF(c->u->u_private);
 	c->u->u_private = s->v.ClassDef.name;
 	Py_INCREF(c->u->u_private);
-	str = PyString_InternFromString("__name__");
+	str = PyBytes_InternFromString("__name__");
 	if (!str || !compiler_nameop(c, str, Load)) {
 		Py_XDECREF(str);
 		compiler_exit_scope(c);
@@ -1442,7 +1442,7 @@ compiler_class(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
 	}
 	
 	Py_DECREF(str);
-	str = PyString_InternFromString("__module__");
+	str = PyBytes_InternFromString("__module__");
 	if (!str || !compiler_nameop(c, str, Store)) {
 		Py_XDECREF(str);
 		compiler_exit_scope(c);
@@ -1509,7 +1509,7 @@ compiler_lambda(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
 	assert(e->kind == Lambda_kind);
 
 	if (!name) {
-		name = PyString_InternFromString("<lambda>");
+		name = PyBytes_InternFromString("<lambda>");
 		if (!name)
 			return 0;
 	}
@@ -1899,7 +1899,7 @@ compiler_import_as(struct compiler *c, identifier name, identifier asname)
 	   If there is a dot in name, we need to split it and emit a 
 	   LOAD_ATTR for each name.
 	*/
-	const char *src = PyString_AS_STRING(name);
+	const char *src = PyBytes_AS_STRING(name);
 	const char *dot = strchr(src, '.');
 	if (dot) {
 		/* Consume the base module name to get the first attribute */
@@ -1908,7 +1908,7 @@ compiler_import_as(struct compiler *c, identifier name, identifier asname)
 			/* NB src is only defined when dot != NULL */
 			PyObject *attr;
 			dot = strchr(src, '.');
-			attr = PyString_FromStringAndSize(src, 
+			attr = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(src, 
 					    dot ? dot - src : strlen(src));
 			if (!attr)
 				return -1;
@@ -1957,10 +1957,10 @@ compiler_import(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
 		}
 		else {
 			identifier tmp = alias->name;
-			const char *base = PyString_AS_STRING(alias->name);
+			const char *base = PyBytes_AS_STRING(alias->name);
 			char *dot = strchr(base, '.');
 			if (dot)
-				tmp = PyString_FromStringAndSize(base, 
+				tmp = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(base, 
 								 dot - base);
 			r = compiler_nameop(c, tmp, Store);
 			if (dot) {
@@ -2003,7 +2003,7 @@ compiler_from_import(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
 	}
 
 	if (s->lineno > c->c_future->ff_lineno) {
-		if (!strcmp(PyString_AS_STRING(s->v.ImportFrom.module),
+		if (!strcmp(PyBytes_AS_STRING(s->v.ImportFrom.module),
 			    "__future__")) {
 			Py_DECREF(level);
 			Py_DECREF(names);
@@ -2023,7 +2023,7 @@ compiler_from_import(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
 		alias_ty alias = (alias_ty)asdl_seq_GET(s->v.ImportFrom.names, i);
 		identifier store_name;
 
-		if (i == 0 && *PyString_AS_STRING(alias->name) == '*') {
+		if (i == 0 && *PyBytes_AS_STRING(alias->name) == '*') {
 			assert(n == 1);
 			ADDOP(c, IMPORT_STAR);
 			return 1;
@@ -2053,7 +2053,7 @@ compiler_assert(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
 	if (Py_OptimizeFlag)
 		return 1;
 	if (assertion_error == NULL) {
-		assertion_error = PyString_InternFromString("AssertionError");
+		assertion_error = PyBytes_InternFromString("AssertionError");
 		if (assertion_error == NULL)
 			return 0;
 	}
@@ -2336,7 +2336,7 @@ compiler_nameop(struct compiler *c, identifier name, expr_context_ty ctx)
 
 	/* First check for assignment to __debug__. Param? */
 	if ((ctx == Store || ctx == AugStore || ctx == Del)
-	    && !strcmp(PyString_AS_STRING(name), "__debug__")) {
+	    && !strcmp(PyBytes_AS_STRING(name), "__debug__")) {
 		return compiler_error(c, "can not assign to __debug__");
 	}
 
@@ -2374,7 +2374,7 @@ compiler_nameop(struct compiler *c, identifier name, expr_context_ty ctx)
 	}
 
 	/* XXX Leave assert here, but handle __doc__ and the like better */
-	assert(scope || PyString_AS_STRING(name)[0] == '_');
+	assert(scope || PyBytes_AS_STRING(name)[0] == '_');
 
 	switch (optype) {
 	case OP_DEREF:
@@ -2388,7 +2388,7 @@ compiler_nameop(struct compiler *c, identifier name, expr_context_ty ctx)
 			PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError,
 				     "can not delete variable '%s' referenced "
 				     "in nested scope",
-				     PyString_AS_STRING(name));
+				     PyBytes_AS_STRING(name));
 			Py_DECREF(mangled);
 			return 0;
 		case Param:
@@ -2773,7 +2773,7 @@ compiler_genexp(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
 					       0)))->iter;
 
 	if (!name) {
-		name = PyString_FromString("<genexpr>");
+		name = PyBytes_FromString("<genexpr>");
 		if (!name)
 			return 0;
 	}
@@ -2822,7 +2822,7 @@ expr_constant(expr_ty e)
 	case Name_kind:
 		/* __debug__ is not assignable, so we can optimize
 		 * it away in if and while statements */
-		if (strcmp(PyString_AS_STRING(e->v.Name.id),
+		if (strcmp(PyBytes_AS_STRING(e->v.Name.id),
 			   "__debug__") == 0)
 			   return ! Py_OptimizeFlag;
 		/* fall through */
@@ -2864,12 +2864,12 @@ compiler_with(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
     assert(s->kind == With_kind);
 
     if (!enter_attr) {
-	enter_attr = PyString_InternFromString("__enter__");
+	enter_attr = PyBytes_InternFromString("__enter__");
 	if (!enter_attr)
 	    return 0;
     }
     if (!exit_attr) {
-	exit_attr = PyString_InternFromString("__exit__");
+	exit_attr = PyBytes_InternFromString("__exit__");
 	if (!exit_attr)
 	    return 0;
     }
@@ -3472,10 +3472,10 @@ assemble_init(struct assembler *a, int nblocks, int firstlineno)
 {
 	memset(a, 0, sizeof(struct assembler));
 	a->a_lineno = firstlineno;
-	a->a_bytecode = PyString_FromStringAndSize(NULL, DEFAULT_CODE_SIZE);
+	a->a_bytecode = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, DEFAULT_CODE_SIZE);
 	if (!a->a_bytecode)
 		return 0;
-	a->a_lnotab = PyString_FromStringAndSize(NULL, DEFAULT_LNOTAB_SIZE);
+	a->a_lnotab = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, DEFAULT_LNOTAB_SIZE);
 	if (!a->a_lnotab)
 		return 0;
 	a->a_postorder = (basicblock **)PyObject_Malloc(
@@ -3584,17 +3584,17 @@ assemble_lnotab(struct assembler *a, struct instr *i)
 	if (d_bytecode > 255) {
 		int j, nbytes, ncodes = d_bytecode / 255;
 		nbytes = a->a_lnotab_off + 2 * ncodes;
-		len = PyString_GET_SIZE(a->a_lnotab);
+		len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(a->a_lnotab);
 		if (nbytes >= len) {
 			if (len * 2 < nbytes)
 				len = nbytes;
 			else
 				len *= 2;
-			if (_PyString_Resize(&a->a_lnotab, len) < 0)
+			if (_PyBytes_Resize(&a->a_lnotab, len) < 0)
 				return 0;
 		}
 		lnotab = (unsigned char *)
-			   PyString_AS_STRING(a->a_lnotab) + a->a_lnotab_off;
+			   PyBytes_AS_STRING(a->a_lnotab) + a->a_lnotab_off;
 		for (j = 0; j < ncodes; j++) {
 			*lnotab++ = 255;
 			*lnotab++ = 0;
@@ -3606,17 +3606,17 @@ assemble_lnotab(struct assembler *a, struct instr *i)
 	if (d_lineno > 255) {
 		int j, nbytes, ncodes = d_lineno / 255;
 		nbytes = a->a_lnotab_off + 2 * ncodes;
-		len = PyString_GET_SIZE(a->a_lnotab);
+		len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(a->a_lnotab);
 		if (nbytes >= len) {
 			if (len * 2 < nbytes)
 				len = nbytes;
 			else
 				len *= 2;
-			if (_PyString_Resize(&a->a_lnotab, len) < 0)
+			if (_PyBytes_Resize(&a->a_lnotab, len) < 0)
 				return 0;
 		}
 		lnotab = (unsigned char *)
-			   PyString_AS_STRING(a->a_lnotab) + a->a_lnotab_off;
+			   PyBytes_AS_STRING(a->a_lnotab) + a->a_lnotab_off;
 		*lnotab++ = d_bytecode;
 		*lnotab++ = 255;
 		d_bytecode = 0;
@@ -3628,13 +3628,13 @@ assemble_lnotab(struct assembler *a, struct instr *i)
 		a->a_lnotab_off += ncodes * 2;
 	}
 
-	len = PyString_GET_SIZE(a->a_lnotab);
+	len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(a->a_lnotab);
 	if (a->a_lnotab_off + 2 >= len) {
-		if (_PyString_Resize(&a->a_lnotab, len * 2) < 0)
+		if (_PyBytes_Resize(&a->a_lnotab, len * 2) < 0)
 			return 0;
 	}
 	lnotab = (unsigned char *)
-			PyString_AS_STRING(a->a_lnotab) + a->a_lnotab_off;
+			PyBytes_AS_STRING(a->a_lnotab) + a->a_lnotab_off;
 
 	a->a_lnotab_off += 2;
 	if (d_bytecode) {
@@ -3659,7 +3659,7 @@ static int
 assemble_emit(struct assembler *a, struct instr *i)
 {
 	int size, arg = 0, ext = 0;
-	Py_ssize_t len = PyString_GET_SIZE(a->a_bytecode);
+	Py_ssize_t len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(a->a_bytecode);
 	char *code;
 
 	size = instrsize(i);
@@ -3670,10 +3670,10 @@ assemble_emit(struct assembler *a, struct instr *i)
 	if (i->i_lineno && !assemble_lnotab(a, i))
 		return 0;
 	if (a->a_offset + size >= len) {
-		if (_PyString_Resize(&a->a_bytecode, len * 2) < 0)
+		if (_PyBytes_Resize(&a->a_bytecode, len * 2) < 0)
 		    return 0;
 	}
-	code = PyString_AS_STRING(a->a_bytecode) + a->a_offset;
+	code = PyBytes_AS_STRING(a->a_bytecode) + a->a_offset;
 	a->a_offset += size;
 	if (size == 6) {
 		assert(i->i_hasarg);
@@ -3846,7 +3846,7 @@ makecode(struct compiler *c, struct assembler *a)
 	freevars = dict_keys_inorder(c->u->u_freevars, PyTuple_Size(cellvars));
 	if (!freevars)
 	    goto error;
-	filename = PyString_FromString(c->c_filename);
+	filename = PyBytes_FromString(c->c_filename);
 	if (!filename)
 		goto error;
 
@@ -3966,9 +3966,9 @@ assemble(struct compiler *c, int addNone)
 				goto error;
 	}
 
-	if (_PyString_Resize(&a.a_lnotab, a.a_lnotab_off) < 0)
+	if (_PyBytes_Resize(&a.a_lnotab, a.a_lnotab_off) < 0)
 		goto error;
-	if (_PyString_Resize(&a.a_bytecode, a.a_offset) < 0)
+	if (_PyBytes_Resize(&a.a_bytecode, a.a_offset) < 0)
 		goto error;
 
 	co = makecode(c, &a);
diff --git a/Python/errors.c b/Python/errors.c
index 8951d57..8b04c34 100644
--- a/Python/errors.c
+++ b/Python/errors.c
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ PyErr_SetNone(PyObject *exception)
 void
 PyErr_SetString(PyObject *exception, const char *string)
 {
-	PyObject *value = PyString_FromString(string);
+	PyObject *value = PyBytes_FromString(string);
 	PyErr_SetObject(exception, value);
 	Py_XDECREF(value);
 }
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject(PyObject *exc, PyObject *filenameObject)
 PyObject *
 PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename(PyObject *exc, char *filename)
 {
-	PyObject *name = filename ? PyString_FromString(filename) : NULL;
+	PyObject *name = filename ? PyBytes_FromString(filename) : NULL;
 	PyObject *result = PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject(exc, name);
 	Py_XDECREF(name);
 	return result;
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ PyObject *PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilename(
 	int ierr,
 	const char *filename)
 {
-	PyObject *name = filename ? PyString_FromString(filename) : NULL;
+	PyObject *name = filename ? PyBytes_FromString(filename) : NULL;
 	PyObject *ret = PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObject(exc,
 	                                                             ierr,
 	                                                             name);
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ PyObject *PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilename(
 	int ierr,
 	const char *filename)
 {
-	PyObject *name = filename ? PyString_FromString(filename) : NULL;
+	PyObject *name = filename ? PyBytes_FromString(filename) : NULL;
 	PyObject *result = PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObject(
 						      PyExc_WindowsError,
 						      ierr, name);
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ PyErr_Format(PyObject *exception, const char *format, ...)
 	va_start(vargs);
 #endif
 
-	string = PyString_FromFormatV(format, vargs);
+	string = PyBytes_FromFormatV(format, vargs);
 	PyErr_SetObject(exception, string);
 	Py_XDECREF(string);
 	va_end(vargs);
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ PyErr_NewException(char *name, PyObject *base, PyObject *dict)
 			goto failure;
 	}
 	if (PyDict_GetItemString(dict, "__module__") == NULL) {
-		modulename = PyString_FromStringAndSize(name,
+		modulename = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(name,
 						     (Py_ssize_t)(dot-name));
 		if (modulename == NULL)
 			goto failure;
@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ PyErr_WriteUnraisable(PyObject *obj)
 			if (moduleName == NULL)
 				PyFile_WriteString("<unknown>", f);
 			else {
-				char* modstr = PyString_AsString(moduleName);
+				char* modstr = PyBytes_AsString(moduleName);
 				if (modstr &&
 				    strcmp(modstr, "exceptions") != 0)
 				{
@@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ PyErr_SyntaxLocation(const char *filename, int lineno)
 		Py_DECREF(tmp);
 	}
 	if (filename != NULL) {
-		tmp = PyString_FromString(filename);
+		tmp = PyBytes_FromString(filename);
 		if (tmp == NULL)
 			PyErr_Clear();
 		else {
@@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ PyErr_ProgramText(const char *filename, int lineno)
 		char *p = linebuf;
 		while (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t' || *p == '\014')
 			p++;
-		return PyString_FromString(p);
+		return PyBytes_FromString(p);
 	}
 	return NULL;
 }
diff --git a/Python/future.c b/Python/future.c
index 2c6aaa2..ba058b8 100644
--- a/Python/future.c
+++ b/Python/future.c
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ future_check_features(PyFutureFeatures *ff, stmt_ty s, const char *filename)
 	names = s->v.ImportFrom.names;
 	for (i = 0; i < asdl_seq_LEN(names); i++) {
                 alias_ty name = (alias_ty)asdl_seq_GET(names, i);
-		const char *feature = PyString_AsString(name->name);
+		const char *feature = PyBytes_AsString(name->name);
 		if (!feature)
 			return 0;
 		if (strcmp(feature, FUTURE_NESTED_SCOPES) == 0) {
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ future_parse(PyFutureFeatures *ff, mod_ty mod, const char *filename)
 
 	static PyObject *future;
 	if (!future) {
-		future = PyString_InternFromString("__future__");
+		future = PyBytes_InternFromString("__future__");
 		if (!future)
 			return 0;
 	}
diff --git a/Python/getargs.c b/Python/getargs.c
index 162cf6f..3b8950c 100644
--- a/Python/getargs.c
+++ b/Python/getargs.c
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ converttuple(PyObject *arg, const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags,
 			n++;
 	}
 	
-	if (!PySequence_Check(arg) || PyString_Check(arg)) {
+	if (!PySequence_Check(arg) || PyBytes_Check(arg)) {
 		levels[0] = 0;
 		PyOS_snprintf(msgbuf, bufsize,
 			      toplevel ? "expected %d arguments, not %.50s" :
@@ -765,8 +765,8 @@ convertsimple(PyObject *arg, const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags,
 	
 	case 'c': {/* char */
 		char *p = va_arg(*p_va, char *);
-		if (PyString_Check(arg) && PyString_Size(arg) == 1)
-			*p = PyString_AS_STRING(arg)[0];
+		if (PyBytes_Check(arg) && PyBytes_Size(arg) == 1)
+			*p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(arg)[0];
 		else
 			return converterr("char", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
 		break;
@@ -777,9 +777,9 @@ convertsimple(PyObject *arg, const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags,
 			void **p = (void **)va_arg(*p_va, char **);
 			FETCH_SIZE;
 			
-			if (PyString_Check(arg)) {
-				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(arg);
-				STORE_SIZE(PyString_GET_SIZE(arg));
+			if (PyBytes_Check(arg)) {
+				*p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(arg);
+				STORE_SIZE(PyBytes_GET_SIZE(arg));
 			}
 #ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
 			else if (PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
@@ -787,8 +787,8 @@ convertsimple(PyObject *arg, const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags,
 				if (uarg == NULL)
 					return converterr(CONV_UNICODE,
 							  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
-				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(uarg);
-				STORE_SIZE(PyString_GET_SIZE(uarg));
+				*p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(uarg);
+				STORE_SIZE(PyBytes_GET_SIZE(uarg));
 			}
 #endif
 			else { /* any buffer-like object */
@@ -802,20 +802,20 @@ convertsimple(PyObject *arg, const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags,
 		} else {
 			char **p = va_arg(*p_va, char **);
 			
-			if (PyString_Check(arg))
-				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(arg);
+			if (PyBytes_Check(arg))
+				*p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(arg);
 #ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
 			else if (PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
 				uarg = UNICODE_DEFAULT_ENCODING(arg);
 				if (uarg == NULL)
 					return converterr(CONV_UNICODE,
 							  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
-				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(uarg);
+				*p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(uarg);
 			}
 #endif
 			else
 				return converterr("string", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
-			if ((Py_ssize_t)strlen(*p) != PyString_Size(arg))
+			if ((Py_ssize_t)strlen(*p) != PyBytes_Size(arg))
 				return converterr("string without null bytes",
 						  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
 		}
@@ -831,9 +831,9 @@ convertsimple(PyObject *arg, const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags,
 				*p = 0;
 				STORE_SIZE(0);
 			}
-			else if (PyString_Check(arg)) {
-				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(arg);
-				STORE_SIZE(PyString_GET_SIZE(arg));
+			else if (PyBytes_Check(arg)) {
+				*p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(arg);
+				STORE_SIZE(PyBytes_GET_SIZE(arg));
 			}
 #ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
 			else if (PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
@@ -841,8 +841,8 @@ convertsimple(PyObject *arg, const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags,
 				if (uarg == NULL)
 					return converterr(CONV_UNICODE,
 							  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
-				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(uarg);
-				STORE_SIZE(PyString_GET_SIZE(uarg));
+				*p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(uarg);
+				STORE_SIZE(PyBytes_GET_SIZE(uarg));
 			}
 #endif
 			else { /* any buffer-like object */
@@ -858,15 +858,15 @@ convertsimple(PyObject *arg, const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags,
 			
 			if (arg == Py_None)
 				*p = 0;
-			else if (PyString_Check(arg))
-				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(arg);
+			else if (PyBytes_Check(arg))
+				*p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(arg);
 #ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
 			else if (PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
 				uarg = UNICODE_DEFAULT_ENCODING(arg);
 				if (uarg == NULL)
 					return converterr(CONV_UNICODE,
 							  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
-				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(uarg);
+				*p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(uarg);
 			}
 #endif
 			else
@@ -878,11 +878,11 @@ convertsimple(PyObject *arg, const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags,
 				if (arg == Py_None)
 					*q = 0;
 				else
-					*q = PyString_Size(arg);
+					*q = PyBytes_Size(arg);
 				format++;
 			}
 			else if (*p != NULL &&
-				 (Py_ssize_t)strlen(*p) != PyString_Size(arg))
+				 (Py_ssize_t)strlen(*p) != PyBytes_Size(arg))
 				return converterr(
 					"string without null bytes or None", 
 					arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
@@ -923,7 +923,7 @@ convertsimple(PyObject *arg, const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags,
 					  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
 			
 		/* Encode object */
-		if (!recode_strings && PyString_Check(arg)) {
+		if (!recode_strings && PyBytes_Check(arg)) {
 			s = arg;
 			Py_INCREF(s);
 		}
@@ -946,7 +946,7 @@ convertsimple(PyObject *arg, const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags,
 			if (s == NULL)
 				return converterr("(encoding failed)",
 						  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
-			if (!PyString_Check(s)) {
+			if (!PyBytes_Check(s)) {
 				Py_DECREF(s);
 				return converterr(
 					"(encoder failed to return a string)",
@@ -956,7 +956,7 @@ convertsimple(PyObject *arg, const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags,
 			return converterr("string<e>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
 #endif
 		}
-		size = PyString_GET_SIZE(s);
+		size = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(s);
 
 		/* Write output; output is guaranteed to be 0-terminated */
 		if (*format == '#') { 
@@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ convertsimple(PyObject *arg, const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags,
 				}
 			}
 			memcpy(*buffer,
-			       PyString_AS_STRING(s),
+			       PyBytes_AS_STRING(s),
 			       size + 1);
 			STORE_SIZE(size);
 		} else {
@@ -1030,7 +1030,7 @@ convertsimple(PyObject *arg, const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags,
 			   PyMem_Free()ing it after usage
 
 			*/
-			if ((Py_ssize_t)strlen(PyString_AS_STRING(s))
+			if ((Py_ssize_t)strlen(PyBytes_AS_STRING(s))
 								!= size) {
 				Py_DECREF(s);
 				return converterr(
@@ -1049,7 +1049,7 @@ convertsimple(PyObject *arg, const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags,
 						arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
 			}
 			memcpy(*buffer,
-			       PyString_AS_STRING(s),
+			       PyBytes_AS_STRING(s),
 			       size + 1);
 		}
 		Py_DECREF(s);
@@ -1083,7 +1083,7 @@ convertsimple(PyObject *arg, const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags,
 
 	case 'S': { /* string object */
 		PyObject **p = va_arg(*p_va, PyObject **);
-		if (PyString_Check(arg))
+		if (PyBytes_Check(arg))
 			*p = arg;
 		else
 			return converterr("string", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
@@ -1473,12 +1473,12 @@ vgetargskeywords(PyObject *args, PyObject *keywords, const char *format,
 		while (PyDict_Next(keywords, &pos, &key, &value)) {
 			int match = 0;
 			char *ks;
-			if (!PyString_Check(key)) {
+			if (!PyBytes_Check(key)) {
 				PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, 
 					        "keywords must be strings");
 				return cleanreturn(0, freelist);
 			}
-			ks = PyString_AsString(key);
+			ks = PyBytes_AsString(key);
 			for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 				if (!strcmp(ks, kwlist[i])) {
 					match = 1;
diff --git a/Python/import.c b/Python/import.c
index b65ed0e..ffaaca5 100644
--- a/Python/import.c
+++ b/Python/import.c
@@ -467,8 +467,8 @@ PyImport_Cleanup(void)
 		while (PyDict_Next(modules, &pos, &key, &value)) {
 			if (value->ob_refcnt != 1)
 				continue;
-			if (PyString_Check(key) && PyModule_Check(value)) {
-				name = PyString_AS_STRING(key);
+			if (PyBytes_Check(key) && PyModule_Check(value)) {
+				name = PyBytes_AS_STRING(key);
 				if (strcmp(name, "__builtin__") == 0)
 					continue;
 				if (strcmp(name, "sys") == 0)
@@ -486,8 +486,8 @@ PyImport_Cleanup(void)
 	/* Next, delete all modules (still skipping __builtin__ and sys) */
 	pos = 0;
 	while (PyDict_Next(modules, &pos, &key, &value)) {
-		if (PyString_Check(key) && PyModule_Check(value)) {
-			name = PyString_AS_STRING(key);
+		if (PyBytes_Check(key) && PyModule_Check(value)) {
+			name = PyBytes_AS_STRING(key);
 			if (strcmp(name, "__builtin__") == 0)
 				continue;
 			if (strcmp(name, "sys") == 0)
@@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx(char *name, PyObject *co, char *pathname)
 	/* Remember the filename as the __file__ attribute */
 	v = NULL;
 	if (pathname != NULL) {
-		v = PyString_FromString(pathname);
+		v = PyBytes_FromString(pathname);
 		if (v == NULL)
 			PyErr_Clear();
 	}
@@ -1002,7 +1002,7 @@ load_package(char *name, char *pathname)
 		PySys_WriteStderr("import %s # directory %s\n",
 			name, pathname);
 	d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
-	file = PyString_FromString(pathname);
+	file = PyBytes_FromString(pathname);
 	if (file == NULL)
 		goto error;
 	path = Py_BuildValue("[O]", file);
@@ -1214,15 +1214,15 @@ find_module(char *fullname, char *subname, PyObject *path, char *buf,
 		Py_DECREF(meta_path);
 	}
 
-	if (path != NULL && PyString_Check(path)) {
+	if (path != NULL && PyBytes_Check(path)) {
 		/* The only type of submodule allowed inside a "frozen"
 		   package are other frozen modules or packages. */
-		if (PyString_Size(path) + 1 + strlen(name) >= (size_t)buflen) {
+		if (PyBytes_Size(path) + 1 + strlen(name) >= (size_t)buflen) {
 			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError,
 					"full frozen module name too long");
 			return NULL;
 		}
-		strcpy(buf, PyString_AsString(path));
+		strcpy(buf, PyBytes_AsString(path));
 		strcat(buf, ".");
 		strcat(buf, name);
 		strcpy(name, buf);
@@ -1291,14 +1291,14 @@ find_module(char *fullname, char *subname, PyObject *path, char *buf,
 		}
 		else
 #endif
-		if (!PyString_Check(v))
+		if (!PyBytes_Check(v))
 			continue;
-		len = PyString_GET_SIZE(v);
+		len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(v);
 		if (len + 2 + namelen + MAXSUFFIXSIZE >= buflen) {
 			Py_XDECREF(copy);
 			continue; /* Too long */
 		}
-		strcpy(buf, PyString_AS_STRING(v));
+		strcpy(buf, PyBytes_AS_STRING(v));
 		if (strlen(buf) != len) {
 			Py_XDECREF(copy);
 			continue; /* v contains '\0' */
@@ -1963,7 +1963,7 @@ PyImport_ImportFrozenModule(char *name)
 		if (m == NULL)
 			goto err_return;
 		d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
-		s = PyString_InternFromString(name);
+		s = PyBytes_InternFromString(name);
 		if (s == NULL)
 			goto err_return;
 		err = PyDict_SetItemString(d, "__path__", s);
@@ -1992,7 +1992,7 @@ PyImport_ImportModule(const char *name)
 	PyObject *pname;
 	PyObject *result;
 
-	pname = PyString_FromString(name);
+	pname = PyBytes_FromString(name);
 	if (pname == NULL)
 		return NULL;
 	result = PyImport_Import(pname);
@@ -2165,17 +2165,17 @@ get_parent(PyObject *globals, char *buf, Py_ssize_t *p_buflen, int level)
 		return Py_None;
 
 	if (namestr == NULL) {
-		namestr = PyString_InternFromString("__name__");
+		namestr = PyBytes_InternFromString("__name__");
 		if (namestr == NULL)
 			return NULL;
 	}
 	if (pathstr == NULL) {
-		pathstr = PyString_InternFromString("__path__");
+		pathstr = PyBytes_InternFromString("__path__");
 		if (pathstr == NULL)
 			return NULL;
 	}
 	if (pkgstr == NULL) {
-		pkgstr = PyString_InternFromString("__package__");
+		pkgstr = PyBytes_InternFromString("__package__");
 		if (pkgstr == NULL)
 			return NULL;
 	}
@@ -2187,12 +2187,12 @@ get_parent(PyObject *globals, char *buf, Py_ssize_t *p_buflen, int level)
 	if ((pkgname != NULL) && (pkgname != Py_None)) {
 		/* __package__ is set, so use it */
 		Py_ssize_t len;
-		if (!PyString_Check(pkgname)) {
+		if (!PyBytes_Check(pkgname)) {
 			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
 					"__package__ set to non-string");
 			return NULL;
 		}
-		len = PyString_GET_SIZE(pkgname);
+		len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(pkgname);
 		if (len == 0) {
 			if (level > 0) {
 				PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
@@ -2206,24 +2206,24 @@ get_parent(PyObject *globals, char *buf, Py_ssize_t *p_buflen, int level)
 					"Package name too long");
 			return NULL;
 		}
-		strcpy(buf, PyString_AS_STRING(pkgname));
+		strcpy(buf, PyBytes_AS_STRING(pkgname));
 	} else {
 		/* __package__ not set, so figure it out and set it */
 		modname = PyDict_GetItem(globals, namestr);
-		if (modname == NULL || !PyString_Check(modname))
+		if (modname == NULL || !PyBytes_Check(modname))
 			return Py_None;
 	
 		modpath = PyDict_GetItem(globals, pathstr);
 		if (modpath != NULL) {
 			/* __path__ is set, so modname is already the package name */
-			Py_ssize_t len = PyString_GET_SIZE(modname);
+			Py_ssize_t len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(modname);
 			int error;
 			if (len > MAXPATHLEN) {
 				PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
 						"Module name too long");
 				return NULL;
 			}
-			strcpy(buf, PyString_AS_STRING(modname));
+			strcpy(buf, PyBytes_AS_STRING(modname));
 			error = PyDict_SetItem(globals, pkgstr, modname);
 			if (error) {
 				PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
@@ -2232,7 +2232,7 @@ get_parent(PyObject *globals, char *buf, Py_ssize_t *p_buflen, int level)
 			}
 		} else {
 			/* Normal module, so work out the package name if any */
-			char *start = PyString_AS_STRING(modname);
+			char *start = PyBytes_AS_STRING(modname);
 			char *lastdot = strrchr(start, '.');
 			size_t len;
 			int error;
@@ -2258,7 +2258,7 @@ get_parent(PyObject *globals, char *buf, Py_ssize_t *p_buflen, int level)
 			}
 			strncpy(buf, start, len);
 			buf[len] = '\0';
-			pkgname = PyString_FromString(buf);
+			pkgname = PyBytes_FromString(buf);
 			if (pkgname == NULL) {
 				return NULL;
 			}
@@ -2394,13 +2394,13 @@ ensure_fromlist(PyObject *mod, PyObject *fromlist, char *buf, Py_ssize_t buflen,
 			}
 			return 0;
 		}
-		if (!PyString_Check(item)) {
+		if (!PyBytes_Check(item)) {
 			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
 					"Item in ``from list'' not a string");
 			Py_DECREF(item);
 			return 0;
 		}
-		if (PyString_AS_STRING(item)[0] == '*') {
+		if (PyBytes_AS_STRING(item)[0] == '*') {
 			PyObject *all;
 			Py_DECREF(item);
 			/* See if the package defines __all__ */
@@ -2419,7 +2419,7 @@ ensure_fromlist(PyObject *mod, PyObject *fromlist, char *buf, Py_ssize_t buflen,
 		}
 		hasit = PyObject_HasAttr(mod, item);
 		if (!hasit) {
-			char *subname = PyString_AS_STRING(item);
+			char *subname = PyBytes_AS_STRING(item);
 			PyObject *submod;
 			char *p;
 			if (buflen + strlen(subname) >= MAXPATHLEN) {
@@ -2585,7 +2585,7 @@ PyImport_ReloadModule(PyObject *m)
 		subname = name;
 	else {
 		PyObject *parentname, *parent;
-		parentname = PyString_FromStringAndSize(name, (subname-name));
+		parentname = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(name, (subname-name));
 		if (parentname == NULL) {
 			imp_modules_reloading_clear();
 			return NULL;
@@ -2594,7 +2594,7 @@ PyImport_ReloadModule(PyObject *m)
 		if (parent == NULL) {
 			PyErr_Format(PyExc_ImportError,
 			    "reload(): parent %.200s not in sys.modules",
-			    PyString_AS_STRING(parentname));
+			    PyBytes_AS_STRING(parentname));
 			Py_DECREF(parentname);
 			imp_modules_reloading_clear();
 			return NULL;
@@ -2639,7 +2639,7 @@ PyImport_ReloadModule(PyObject *m)
    done using whatever import hooks are installed in the current
    environment, e.g. by "rexec".
    A dummy list ["__doc__"] is passed as the 4th argument so that
-   e.g. PyImport_Import(PyString_FromString("win32com.client.gencache"))
+   e.g. PyImport_Import(PyBytes_FromString("win32com.client.gencache"))
    will return <module "gencache"> instead of <module "win32com">. */
 
 PyObject *
@@ -2655,10 +2655,10 @@ PyImport_Import(PyObject *module_name)
 
 	/* Initialize constant string objects */
 	if (silly_list == NULL) {
-		import_str = PyString_InternFromString("__import__");
+		import_str = PyBytes_InternFromString("__import__");
 		if (import_str == NULL)
 			return NULL;
-		builtins_str = PyString_InternFromString("__builtins__");
+		builtins_str = PyBytes_InternFromString("__builtins__");
 		if (builtins_str == NULL)
 			return NULL;
 		silly_list = Py_BuildValue("[s]", "__doc__");
@@ -2726,7 +2726,7 @@ imp_get_magic(PyObject *self, PyObject *noargs)
 	buf[2] = (char) ((pyc_magic >> 16) & 0xff);
 	buf[3] = (char) ((pyc_magic >> 24) & 0xff);
 
-	return PyString_FromStringAndSize(buf, 4);
+	return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(buf, 4);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
diff --git a/Python/mactoolboxglue.c b/Python/mactoolboxglue.c
index 8ad0d6d..e96bb64 100644
--- a/Python/mactoolboxglue.c
+++ b/Python/mactoolboxglue.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ PyMac_StrError(int err)
 		buf[0] = '\0';
 	}
 	else {
-		char *input = PyString_AsString(rv);
+		char *input = PyBytes_AsString(rv);
 		if (!input) {
 			PyErr_Clear();
 			buf[0] = '\0';
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ PyMac_GetFullPathname(FSSpec *fss, char *path, int len)
 	if (!rv)
 		goto error;
 
-	input = PyString_AsString(rv);
+	input = PyBytes_AsString(rv);
 	if (!input)
 		goto error;
 
@@ -159,12 +159,12 @@ int
 PyMac_GetOSType(PyObject *v, OSType *pr)
 {
 	uint32_t tmp;
-	if (!PyString_Check(v) || PyString_Size(v) != 4) {
+	if (!PyBytes_Check(v) || PyBytes_Size(v) != 4) {
 		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
 			"OSType arg must be string of 4 chars");
 		return 0;
 	}
-	memcpy((char *)&tmp, PyString_AsString(v), 4);
+	memcpy((char *)&tmp, PyBytes_AsString(v), 4);
 	*pr = (OSType)ntohl(tmp);
 	return 1;
 }
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ PyObject *
 PyMac_BuildOSType(OSType t)
 {
 	uint32_t tmp = htonl((uint32_t)t);
-	return PyString_FromStringAndSize((char *)&tmp, 4);
+	return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)&tmp, 4);
 }
 
 /* Convert an NumVersion value to a 4-element tuple */
@@ -190,13 +190,13 @@ int
 PyMac_GetStr255(PyObject *v, Str255 pbuf)
 {
 	int len;
-	if (!PyString_Check(v) || (len = PyString_Size(v)) > 255) {
+	if (!PyBytes_Check(v) || (len = PyBytes_Size(v)) > 255) {
 		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
 			"Str255 arg must be string of at most 255 chars");
 		return 0;
 	}
 	pbuf[0] = len;
-	memcpy((char *)(pbuf+1), PyString_AsString(v), len);
+	memcpy((char *)(pbuf+1), PyBytes_AsString(v), len);
 	return 1;
 }
 
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ PyMac_BuildStr255(Str255 s)
 		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError, "Str255 pointer is NULL");
 		return NULL;
 	}
-	return PyString_FromStringAndSize((char *)&s[1], (int)s[0]);
+	return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)&s[1], (int)s[0]);
 }
 
 PyObject *
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ PyMac_BuildOptStr255(Str255 s)
 		Py_INCREF(Py_None);
 		return Py_None;
 	}
-	return PyString_FromStringAndSize((char *)&s[1], (int)s[0]);
+	return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)&s[1], (int)s[0]);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/Python/marshal.c b/Python/marshal.c
index 6db46e4..1cc222c 100644
--- a/Python/marshal.c
+++ b/Python/marshal.c
@@ -64,18 +64,18 @@ w_more(int c, WFILE *p)
 	Py_ssize_t size, newsize;
 	if (p->str == NULL)
 		return; /* An error already occurred */
-	size = PyString_Size(p->str);
+	size = PyBytes_Size(p->str);
 	newsize = size + size + 1024;
 	if (newsize > 32*1024*1024) {
 		newsize = size + 1024*1024;
 	}
-	if (_PyString_Resize(&p->str, newsize) != 0) {
+	if (_PyBytes_Resize(&p->str, newsize) != 0) {
 		p->ptr = p->end = NULL;
 	}
 	else {
-		p->ptr = PyString_AS_STRING((PyStringObject *)p->str) + size;
+		p->ptr = PyBytes_AS_STRING((PyBytesObject *)p->str) + size;
 		p->end =
-			PyString_AS_STRING((PyStringObject *)p->str) + newsize;
+			PyBytes_AS_STRING((PyBytesObject *)p->str) + newsize;
 		*p->ptr++ = Py_SAFE_DOWNCAST(c, int, char);
 	}
 }
@@ -239,8 +239,8 @@ w_object(PyObject *v, WFILE *p)
 		}
 	}
 #endif
-	else if (PyString_CheckExact(v)) {
-		if (p->strings && PyString_CHECK_INTERNED(v)) {
+	else if (PyBytes_CheckExact(v)) {
+		if (p->strings && PyBytes_CHECK_INTERNED(v)) {
 			PyObject *o = PyDict_GetItem(p->strings, v);
 			if (o) {
 				long w = PyInt_AsLong(o);
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ w_object(PyObject *v, WFILE *p)
 		else {
 			w_byte(TYPE_STRING, p);
 		}
-		n = PyString_GET_SIZE(v);
+		n = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(v);
 		if (n > INT_MAX) {
 			/* huge strings are not supported */
 			p->depth--;
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ w_object(PyObject *v, WFILE *p)
 			return;
 		}
 		w_long((long)n, p);
-		w_string(PyString_AS_STRING(v), (int)n, p);
+		w_string(PyBytes_AS_STRING(v), (int)n, p);
 	}
 #ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
 	else if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(v)) {
@@ -285,14 +285,14 @@ w_object(PyObject *v, WFILE *p)
 			return;
 		}
 		w_byte(TYPE_UNICODE, p);
-		n = PyString_GET_SIZE(utf8);
+		n = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(utf8);
 		if (n > INT_MAX) {
 			p->depth--;
 			p->error = 1;
 			return;
 		}
 		w_long((long)n, p);
-		w_string(PyString_AS_STRING(utf8), (int)n, p);
+		w_string(PyBytes_AS_STRING(utf8), (int)n, p);
 		Py_DECREF(utf8);
 	}
 #endif
@@ -713,12 +713,12 @@ r_object(RFILE *p)
 			retval = NULL;
 			break;
 		}
-		v = PyString_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, n);
+		v = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, n);
 		if (v == NULL) {
 			retval = NULL;
 			break;
 		}
-		if (r_string(PyString_AS_STRING(v), (int)n, p) != n) {
+		if (r_string(PyBytes_AS_STRING(v), (int)n, p) != n) {
 			Py_DECREF(v);
 			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_EOFError,
 					"EOF read where object expected");
@@ -726,7 +726,7 @@ r_object(RFILE *p)
 			break;
 		}
 		if (type == TYPE_INTERNED) {
-			PyString_InternInPlace(&v);
+			PyBytes_InternInPlace(&v);
 			if (PyList_Append(p->strings, v) < 0) {
 				retval = NULL;
 				break;
@@ -1113,11 +1113,11 @@ PyMarshal_WriteObjectToString(PyObject *x, int version)
 {
 	WFILE wf;
 	wf.fp = NULL;
-	wf.str = PyString_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, 50);
+	wf.str = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, 50);
 	if (wf.str == NULL)
 		return NULL;
-	wf.ptr = PyString_AS_STRING((PyStringObject *)wf.str);
-	wf.end = wf.ptr + PyString_Size(wf.str);
+	wf.ptr = PyBytes_AS_STRING((PyBytesObject *)wf.str);
+	wf.end = wf.ptr + PyBytes_Size(wf.str);
 	wf.error = 0;
 	wf.depth = 0;
 	wf.version = version;
@@ -1125,14 +1125,14 @@ PyMarshal_WriteObjectToString(PyObject *x, int version)
 	w_object(x, &wf);
 	Py_XDECREF(wf.strings);
 	if (wf.str != NULL) {
-		char *base = PyString_AS_STRING((PyStringObject *)wf.str);
+		char *base = PyBytes_AS_STRING((PyBytesObject *)wf.str);
 		if (wf.ptr - base > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX) {
 			Py_DECREF(wf.str);
 			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
 					"too much marshall data for a string");
 			return NULL;
 		}
-		_PyString_Resize(&wf.str, (Py_ssize_t)(wf.ptr - base));
+		_PyBytes_Resize(&wf.str, (Py_ssize_t)(wf.ptr - base));
 	}
 	if (wf.error) {
 		Py_XDECREF(wf.str);
diff --git a/Python/modsupport.c b/Python/modsupport.c
index d54158f..b23749f 100644
--- a/Python/modsupport.c
+++ b/Python/modsupport.c
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Py_InitModule4(const char *name, PyMethodDef *methods, const char *doc,
 		return NULL;
 	d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
 	if (methods != NULL) {
-		n = PyString_FromString(name);
+		n = PyBytes_FromString(name);
 		if (n == NULL)
 			return NULL;
 		for (ml = methods; ml->ml_name != NULL; ml++) {
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ Py_InitModule4(const char *name, PyMethodDef *methods, const char *doc,
 		Py_DECREF(n);
 	}
 	if (doc != NULL) {
-		v = PyString_FromString(doc);
+		v = PyBytes_FromString(doc);
 		if (v == NULL || PyDict_SetItemString(d, "__doc__", v) != 0) {
 			Py_XDECREF(v);
 			return NULL;
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ do_mkvalue(const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags)
 		{
 			char p[1];
 			p[0] = (char)va_arg(*p_va, int);
-			return PyString_FromStringAndSize(p, 1);
+			return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(p, 1);
 		}
 
 		case 's':
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ do_mkvalue(const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags)
 					}
 					n = (Py_ssize_t)m;
 				}
-				v = PyString_FromStringAndSize(str, n);
+				v = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(str, n);
 			}
 			return v;
 		}
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ PyModule_AddIntConstant(PyObject *m, const char *name, long value)
 int 
 PyModule_AddStringConstant(PyObject *m, const char *name, const char *value)
 {
-	PyObject *o = PyString_FromString(value);
+	PyObject *o = PyBytes_FromString(value);
 	if (!o)
 		return -1;
 	if (PyModule_AddObject(m, name, o) == 0)
diff --git a/Python/peephole.c b/Python/peephole.c
index e9da377..df19726 100644
--- a/Python/peephole.c
+++ b/Python/peephole.c
@@ -300,15 +300,15 @@ PyCode_Optimize(PyObject *code, PyObject* consts, PyObject *names,
 		goto exitUnchanged;
 
 	/* Bypass optimization when the lineno table is too complex */
-	assert(PyString_Check(lineno_obj));
-	lineno = (unsigned char*)PyString_AS_STRING(lineno_obj);
-	tabsiz = PyString_GET_SIZE(lineno_obj);
+	assert(PyBytes_Check(lineno_obj));
+	lineno = (unsigned char*)PyBytes_AS_STRING(lineno_obj);
+	tabsiz = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(lineno_obj);
 	if (memchr(lineno, 255, tabsiz) != NULL)
 		goto exitUnchanged;
 
 	/* Avoid situations where jump retargeting could overflow */
-	assert(PyString_Check(code));
-	codelen = PyString_GET_SIZE(code);
+	assert(PyBytes_Check(code));
+	codelen = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(code);
 	if (codelen > 32700)
 		goto exitUnchanged;
 
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ PyCode_Optimize(PyObject *code, PyObject* consts, PyObject *names,
 	if (codestr == NULL)
 		goto exitUnchanged;
 	codestr = (unsigned char *)memcpy(codestr, 
-					  PyString_AS_STRING(code), codelen);
+					  PyBytes_AS_STRING(code), codelen);
 
 	/* Verify that RETURN_VALUE terminates the codestring.	This allows
 	   the various transformation patterns to look ahead several
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ PyCode_Optimize(PyObject *code, PyObject* consts, PyObject *names,
 			case LOAD_NAME:
 			case LOAD_GLOBAL:
 				j = GETARG(codestr, i);
-				name = PyString_AsString(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(names, j));
+				name = PyBytes_AsString(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(names, j));
 				if (name == NULL  ||  strcmp(name, "None") != 0)
 					continue;
 				for (j=0 ; j < PyList_GET_SIZE(consts) ; j++) {
@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ PyCode_Optimize(PyObject *code, PyObject* consts, PyObject *names,
 	}
 	assert(h + nops == codelen);
 
-	code = PyString_FromStringAndSize((char *)codestr, h);
+	code = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)codestr, h);
 	PyMem_Free(addrmap);
 	PyMem_Free(codestr);
 	PyMem_Free(blocks);
diff --git a/Python/pystrtod.c b/Python/pystrtod.c
index 3f0328e..e7bc22c 100644
--- a/Python/pystrtod.c
+++ b/Python/pystrtod.c
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ add_thousands_grouping(char* buffer, size_t buf_size)
 	/* At this point, p points just past the right-most character we
 	   want to format.  We need to add the grouping string for the
 	   characters between buffer and p. */
-	return _PyString_InsertThousandsGrouping(buffer, len, p,
+	return _PyBytes_InsertThousandsGrouping(buffer, len, p,
 						 buf_size, NULL, 1);
 }
 
diff --git a/Python/pythonrun.c b/Python/pythonrun.c
index 9880b94..6a9cb25 100644
--- a/Python/pythonrun.c
+++ b/Python/pythonrun.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ Py_Finalize(void)
 	PyTuple_Fini();
 	PyList_Fini();
 	PySet_Fini();
-	PyString_Fini();
+	PyBytes_Fini();
 	PyByteArray_Fini();
 	PyInt_Fini();
 	PyFloat_Fini();
@@ -699,12 +699,12 @@ PyRun_InteractiveLoopFlags(FILE *fp, const char *filename, PyCompilerFlags *flag
 	}
 	v = PySys_GetObject("ps1");
 	if (v == NULL) {
-		PySys_SetObject("ps1", v = PyString_FromString(">>> "));
+		PySys_SetObject("ps1", v = PyBytes_FromString(">>> "));
 		Py_XDECREF(v);
 	}
 	v = PySys_GetObject("ps2");
 	if (v == NULL) {
-		PySys_SetObject("ps2", v = PyString_FromString("... "));
+		PySys_SetObject("ps2", v = PyBytes_FromString("... "));
 		Py_XDECREF(v);
 	}
 	for (;;) {
@@ -751,16 +751,16 @@ PyRun_InteractiveOneFlags(FILE *fp, const char *filename, PyCompilerFlags *flags
 		v = PyObject_Str(v);
 		if (v == NULL)
 			PyErr_Clear();
-		else if (PyString_Check(v))
-			ps1 = PyString_AsString(v);
+		else if (PyBytes_Check(v))
+			ps1 = PyBytes_AsString(v);
 	}
 	w = PySys_GetObject("ps2");
 	if (w != NULL) {
 		w = PyObject_Str(w);
 		if (w == NULL)
 			PyErr_Clear();
-		else if (PyString_Check(w))
-			ps2 = PyString_AsString(w);
+		else if (PyBytes_Check(w))
+			ps2 = PyBytes_AsString(w);
 	}
 	arena = PyArena_New();
 	if (arena == NULL) {
@@ -853,7 +853,7 @@ PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags(FILE *fp, const char *filename, int closeit,
 		return -1;
 	d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
 	if (PyDict_GetItemString(d, "__file__") == NULL) {
-		PyObject *f = PyString_FromString(filename);
+		PyObject *f = PyBytes_FromString(filename);
 		if (f == NULL)
 			return -1;
 		if (PyDict_SetItemString(d, "__file__", f) < 0) {
@@ -937,7 +937,7 @@ parse_syntax_error(PyObject *err, PyObject **message, const char **filename,
 		goto finally;
 	if (v == Py_None)
 		*filename = NULL;
-	else if (! (*filename = PyString_AsString(v)))
+	else if (! (*filename = PyBytes_AsString(v)))
 		goto finally;
 
 	Py_DECREF(v);
@@ -969,7 +969,7 @@ parse_syntax_error(PyObject *err, PyObject **message, const char **filename,
 		goto finally;
 	if (v == Py_None)
 		*text = NULL;
-	else if (! (*text = PyString_AsString(v)))
+	else if (! (*text = PyBytes_AsString(v)))
 		goto finally;
 	Py_DECREF(v);
 	return 1;
@@ -1192,7 +1192,7 @@ PyErr_Display(PyObject *exception, PyObject *value, PyObject *tb)
 			if (moduleName == NULL)
 				err = PyFile_WriteString("<unknown>", f);
 			else {
-				char* modstr = PyString_AsString(moduleName);
+				char* modstr = PyBytes_AsString(moduleName);
 				if (modstr && strcmp(modstr, "exceptions"))
 				{
 					err = PyFile_WriteString(modstr, f);
@@ -1216,8 +1216,8 @@ PyErr_Display(PyObject *exception, PyObject *value, PyObject *tb)
 			*/
 			if (s == NULL)
 				err = -1;
-			else if (!PyString_Check(s) ||
-				 PyString_GET_SIZE(s) != 0)
+			else if (!PyBytes_Check(s) ||
+				 PyBytes_GET_SIZE(s) != 0)
 				err = PyFile_WriteString(": ", f);
 			if (err == 0)
 			  err = PyFile_WriteObject(s, f, Py_PRINT_RAW);
@@ -1536,7 +1536,7 @@ err_input(perrdetail *err)
 		if (value != NULL) {
 			u = PyObject_Str(value);
 			if (u != NULL) {
-				msg = PyString_AsString(u);
+				msg = PyBytes_AsString(u);
 			}
 		}
 		if (msg == NULL)
diff --git a/Python/structmember.c b/Python/structmember.c
index d230590..5ebe283 100644
--- a/Python/structmember.c
+++ b/Python/structmember.c
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ listmembers(struct memberlist *mlist)
 	if (v != NULL) {
 		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
 			PyList_SetItem(v, i,
-				       PyString_FromString(mlist[i].name));
+				       PyBytes_FromString(mlist[i].name));
 		if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
 			Py_DECREF(v);
 			v = NULL;
@@ -103,13 +103,13 @@ PyMember_GetOne(const char *addr, PyMemberDef *l)
 			v = Py_None;
 		}
 		else
-			v = PyString_FromString(*(char**)addr);
+			v = PyBytes_FromString(*(char**)addr);
 		break;
 	case T_STRING_INPLACE:
-		v = PyString_FromString((char*)addr);
+		v = PyBytes_FromString((char*)addr);
 		break;
 	case T_CHAR:
-		v = PyString_FromStringAndSize((char*)addr, 1);
+		v = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char*)addr, 1);
 		break;
 	case T_OBJECT:
 		v = *(PyObject **)addr;
@@ -310,8 +310,8 @@ PyMember_SetOne(char *addr, PyMemberDef *l, PyObject *v)
 		Py_XDECREF(oldv);
 		break;
 	case T_CHAR:
-		if (PyString_Check(v) && PyString_Size(v) == 1) {
-			*(char*)addr = PyString_AsString(v)[0];
+		if (PyBytes_Check(v) && PyBytes_Size(v) == 1) {
+			*(char*)addr = PyBytes_AsString(v)[0];
 		}
 		else {
 			PyErr_BadArgument();
diff --git a/Python/symtable.c b/Python/symtable.c
index cc3c774..c0201c3 100644
--- a/Python/symtable.c
+++ b/Python/symtable.c
@@ -87,9 +87,9 @@ ste_repr(PySTEntryObject *ste)
 
 	PyOS_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
 		      "<symtable entry %.100s(%ld), line %d>",
-		      PyString_AS_STRING(ste->ste_name),
+		      PyBytes_AS_STRING(ste->ste_name),
 		      PyInt_AS_LONG(ste->ste_id), ste->ste_lineno);
-	return PyString_FromString(buf);
+	return PyBytes_FromString(buf);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ static int symtable_implicit_arg(struct symtable *st, int pos);
 static identifier top = NULL, lambda = NULL, genexpr = NULL;
 
 #define GET_IDENTIFIER(VAR) \
-	((VAR) ? (VAR) : ((VAR) = PyString_InternFromString(# VAR)))
+	((VAR) ? (VAR) : ((VAR) = PyBytes_InternFromString(# VAR)))
 
 #define DUPLICATE_ARGUMENT \
 "duplicate argument '%s' in function definition"
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ analyze_name(PySTEntryObject *ste, PyObject *dict, PyObject *name, long flags,
 		if (flags & DEF_PARAM) {
 			PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError,
 				     "name '%s' is local and global",
-				     PyString_AS_STRING(name));
+				     PyBytes_AS_STRING(name));
 			return 0;
 		}
 		SET_SCOPE(dict, name, GLOBAL_EXPLICIT);
@@ -487,19 +487,19 @@ check_unoptimized(const PySTEntryObject* ste) {
 		PyOS_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), 
 			      "import * is not allowed in function '%.100s' "
 			      "because it is %s",
-			      PyString_AS_STRING(ste->ste_name), trailer);
+			      PyBytes_AS_STRING(ste->ste_name), trailer);
 		break;
 	case OPT_BARE_EXEC:
 		PyOS_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
 			      "unqualified exec is not allowed in function "
 			      "'%.100s' it %s",
-			      PyString_AS_STRING(ste->ste_name), trailer);
+			      PyBytes_AS_STRING(ste->ste_name), trailer);
 		break;
 	default:
 		PyOS_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), 
 			      "function '%.100s' uses import * and bare exec, "
 			      "which are illegal because it %s",
-			      PyString_AS_STRING(ste->ste_name), trailer);
+			      PyBytes_AS_STRING(ste->ste_name), trailer);
 		break;
 	}
 
@@ -800,7 +800,7 @@ symtable_add_def(struct symtable *st, PyObject *name, int flag)
 	    if ((flag & DEF_PARAM) && (val & DEF_PARAM)) {
 		    /* Is it better to use 'mangled' or 'name' here? */
 		    PyErr_Format(PyExc_SyntaxError, DUPLICATE_ARGUMENT,
-				 PyString_AsString(name));
+				 PyBytes_AsString(name));
 		    PyErr_SyntaxLocation(st->st_filename,
 				       st->st_cur->ste_lineno);
 		    goto error;
@@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ symtable_new_tmpname(struct symtable *st)
 
 	PyOS_snprintf(tmpname, sizeof(tmpname), "_[%d]",
 		      ++st->st_cur->ste_tmpname);
-	tmp = PyString_InternFromString(tmpname);
+	tmp = PyBytes_InternFromString(tmpname);
 	if (!tmp)
 		return 0;
 	if (!symtable_add_def(st, tmp, DEF_LOCAL))
@@ -1065,7 +1065,7 @@ symtable_visit_stmt(struct symtable *st, stmt_ty s)
 		asdl_seq *seq = s->v.Global.names;
 		for (i = 0; i < asdl_seq_LEN(seq); i++) {
 			identifier name = (identifier)asdl_seq_GET(seq, i);
-			char *c_name = PyString_AS_STRING(name);
+			char *c_name = PyBytes_AS_STRING(name);
 			long cur = symtable_lookup(st, name);
 			if (cur < 0)
 				return 0;
@@ -1218,7 +1218,7 @@ symtable_visit_expr(struct symtable *st, expr_ty e)
 static int
 symtable_implicit_arg(struct symtable *st, int pos)
 {
-	PyObject *id = PyString_FromFormat(".%d", pos);
+	PyObject *id = PyBytes_FromFormat(".%d", pos);
 	if (id == NULL)
 		return 0;
 	if (!symtable_add_def(st, id, DEF_PARAM)) {
@@ -1326,10 +1326,10 @@ symtable_visit_alias(struct symtable *st, alias_ty a)
 	*/
 	PyObject *store_name;
 	PyObject *name = (a->asname == NULL) ? a->name : a->asname;
-	const char *base = PyString_AS_STRING(name);
+	const char *base = PyBytes_AS_STRING(name);
 	char *dot = strchr(base, '.');
 	if (dot) {
-		store_name = PyString_FromStringAndSize(base, dot - base);
+		store_name = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(base, dot - base);
 		if (!store_name)
 			return 0;
 	}
@@ -1337,7 +1337,7 @@ symtable_visit_alias(struct symtable *st, alias_ty a)
 		store_name = name;
 		Py_INCREF(store_name);
 	}
-	if (strcmp(PyString_AS_STRING(name), "*")) {
+	if (strcmp(PyBytes_AS_STRING(name), "*")) {
 		int r = symtable_add_def(st, store_name, DEF_IMPORT); 
 		Py_DECREF(store_name);
 		return r;
diff --git a/Python/sysmodule.c b/Python/sysmodule.c
index f706a7d..b248429 100644
--- a/Python/sysmodule.c
+++ b/Python/sysmodule.c
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ exit status will be one (i.e., failure)."
 static PyObject *
 sys_getdefaultencoding(PyObject *self)
 {
-	return PyString_FromString(PyUnicode_GetDefaultEncoding());
+	return PyBytes_FromString(PyUnicode_GetDefaultEncoding());
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(getdefaultencoding_doc,
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ static PyObject *
 sys_getfilesystemencoding(PyObject *self)
 {
 	if (Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding)
-		return PyString_FromString(Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding);
+		return PyBytes_FromString(Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding);
 	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
 	return Py_None;
 }
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ trace_init(void)
 	int i;
 	for (i = 0; i < 7; ++i) {
 		if (whatstrings[i] == NULL) {
-			name = PyString_InternFromString(whatnames[i]);
+			name = PyBytes_InternFromString(whatnames[i]);
 			if (name == NULL)
 				return -1;
 			whatstrings[i] = name;
@@ -891,7 +891,7 @@ list_builtin_module_names(void)
 	if (list == NULL)
 		return NULL;
 	for (i = 0; PyImport_Inittab[i].name != NULL; i++) {
-		PyObject *name = PyString_FromString(
+		PyObject *name = PyBytes_FromString(
 			PyImport_Inittab[i].name);
 		if (name == NULL)
 			break;
@@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ PySys_AddWarnOption(char *s)
 		if (warnoptions == NULL)
 			return;
 	}
-	str = PyString_FromString(s);
+	str = PyBytes_FromString(s);
 	if (str != NULL) {
 		PyList_Append(warnoptions, str);
 		Py_DECREF(str);
@@ -1306,7 +1306,7 @@ _PySys_Init(void)
 	Py_XDECREF(syserr);
 
 	SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("version",
-			     PyString_FromString(Py_GetVersion()));
+			     PyBytes_FromString(Py_GetVersion()));
 	SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("hexversion",
 			     PyInt_FromLong(PY_VERSION_HEX));
 	svnversion_init();
@@ -1337,15 +1337,15 @@ _PySys_Init(void)
 	SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("api_version",
 			    PyInt_FromLong(PYTHON_API_VERSION));
 	SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("copyright",
-			    PyString_FromString(Py_GetCopyright()));
+			    PyBytes_FromString(Py_GetCopyright()));
 	SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("platform",
-			    PyString_FromString(Py_GetPlatform()));
+			    PyBytes_FromString(Py_GetPlatform()));
 	SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("executable",
-			    PyString_FromString(Py_GetProgramFullPath()));
+			    PyBytes_FromString(Py_GetProgramFullPath()));
 	SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("prefix",
-			    PyString_FromString(Py_GetPrefix()));
+			    PyBytes_FromString(Py_GetPrefix()));
 	SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("exec_prefix",
-		   	    PyString_FromString(Py_GetExecPrefix()));
+		   	    PyBytes_FromString(Py_GetExecPrefix()));
 	SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("maxsize",
 			    PyInt_FromSsize_t(PY_SSIZE_T_MAX));
 	SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("maxint",
@@ -1372,13 +1372,13 @@ _PySys_Init(void)
 		else
 			value = "little";
 		SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("byteorder",
-				    PyString_FromString(value));
+				    PyBytes_FromString(value));
 	}
 #ifdef MS_COREDLL
 	SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("dllhandle",
 			    PyLong_FromVoidPtr(PyWin_DLLhModule));
 	SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("winver",
-			    PyString_FromString(PyWin_DLLVersionString));
+			    PyBytes_FromString(PyWin_DLLVersionString));
 #endif
 	if (warnoptions == NULL) {
 		warnoptions = PyList_New(0);
@@ -1423,7 +1423,7 @@ makepathobject(char *path, int delim)
 		p = strchr(path, delim);
 		if (p == NULL)
 			p = strchr(path, '\0'); /* End of string */
-		w = PyString_FromStringAndSize(path, (Py_ssize_t) (p - path));
+		w = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(path, (Py_ssize_t) (p - path));
 		if (w == NULL) {
 			Py_DECREF(v);
 			return NULL;
@@ -1468,14 +1468,14 @@ makeargvobject(int argc, char **argv)
 			if (i == 0) {
 				char* fn = decc$translate_vms(argv[0]);
 				if ((fn == (char *)0) || fn == (char *)-1)
-					v = PyString_FromString(argv[0]);
+					v = PyBytes_FromString(argv[0]);
 				else
-					v = PyString_FromString(
+					v = PyBytes_FromString(
 						decc$translate_vms(argv[0]));
 			} else
-				v = PyString_FromString(argv[i]);
+				v = PyBytes_FromString(argv[i]);
 #else
-			PyObject *v = PyString_FromString(argv[i]);
+			PyObject *v = PyBytes_FromString(argv[i]);
 #endif
 			if (v == NULL) {
 				Py_DECREF(av);
@@ -1579,7 +1579,7 @@ PySys_SetArgv(int argc, char **argv)
 #endif /* Unix */
 		}
 #endif /* All others */
-		a = PyString_FromStringAndSize(argv0, n);
+		a = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(argv0, n);
 		if (a == NULL)
 			Py_FatalError("no mem for sys.path insertion");
 		if (PyList_Insert(path, 0, a) < 0)
diff --git a/Python/traceback.c b/Python/traceback.c
index a481963..adf9a53 100644
--- a/Python/traceback.c
+++ b/Python/traceback.c
@@ -155,12 +155,12 @@ Py_DisplaySourceLine(PyObject *f, const char *filename, int lineno)
 					PyErr_Clear();
 					break;
 				}
-				if (PyString_Check(v)) {
+				if (PyBytes_Check(v)) {
 					size_t len;
-					len = PyString_GET_SIZE(v);
+					len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(v);
 					if (len + 1 + taillen >= MAXPATHLEN)
 						continue; /* Too long */
-					strcpy(namebuf, PyString_AsString(v));
+					strcpy(namebuf, PyBytes_AsString(v));
 					if (strlen(namebuf) != len)
 						continue; /* v contains '\0' */
 					if (len > 0 && namebuf[len-1] != SEP)
@@ -238,10 +238,10 @@ tb_printinternal(PyTracebackObject *tb, PyObject *f, long limit)
 	while (tb != NULL && err == 0) {
 		if (depth <= limit) {
 			err = tb_displayline(f,
-			    PyString_AsString(
+			    PyBytes_AsString(
 				    tb->tb_frame->f_code->co_filename),
 			    tb->tb_lineno,
-			    PyString_AsString(tb->tb_frame->f_code->co_name));
+			    PyBytes_AsString(tb->tb_frame->f_code->co_name));
 		}
 		depth--;
 		tb = tb->tb_next;