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-rw-r--r--Doc/c-api/import.rst8
-rw-r--r--Doc/c-api/int.rst9
-rw-r--r--Doc/extending/extending.rst25
-rw-r--r--Doc/library/array.rst14
-rw-r--r--Doc/library/cgi.rst5
-rw-r--r--Doc/library/contextlib.rst5
-rw-r--r--Doc/library/ctypes.rst5
-rw-r--r--Doc/library/curses.panel.rst5
-rw-r--r--Doc/library/curses.rst3
-rw-r--r--Doc/library/decimal.rst5
-rw-r--r--Doc/library/fcntl.rst5
-rw-r--r--Doc/library/imp.rst21
-rw-r--r--Doc/library/locale.rst253
-rw-r--r--Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst8
-rw-r--r--Doc/library/optparse.rst4
-rw-r--r--Doc/library/pickletools.rst5
-rw-r--r--Doc/library/platform.rst5
-rw-r--r--Doc/library/stdtypes.rst10
-rw-r--r--Doc/library/string.rst11
-rw-r--r--Doc/library/subprocess.rst6
-rw-r--r--Doc/library/symtable.rst4
-rw-r--r--Doc/library/timeit.rst5
-rw-r--r--Doc/library/warnings.rst2
-rw-r--r--Doc/using/cmdline.rst2
-rw-r--r--Misc/HISTORY6
-rw-r--r--Misc/NEWS2
-rw-r--r--Misc/Porting2
-rw-r--r--Misc/cheatsheet2
-rw-r--r--Misc/developers.txt2
-rw-r--r--Misc/python.man2
30 files changed, 232 insertions, 209 deletions
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/import.rst b/Doc/c-api/import.rst
index c4816f5..510544e 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/import.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/import.rst
@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ Importing Modules
leaves the module in ``sys.modules``.
.. versionchanged:: 2.4
- failing imports remove incomplete module objects.
+ Failing imports remove incomplete module objects.
.. versionchanged:: 2.6
- always use absolute imports
+ Always uses absolute imports.
.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock(const char *name)
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ Importing Modules
unless a non-empty *fromlist* was given.
.. versionchanged:: 2.4
- failing imports remove incomplete module objects.
+ Failing imports remove incomplete module objects.
.. versionchanged:: 2.6
The function is an alias for :cfunc:`PyImport_ImportModuleLevel` with
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ Importing Modules
are installed in the current environment, e.g. by :mod:`rexec` or :mod:`ihooks`.
.. versionchanged:: 2.6
- always use absolute imports
+ Always uses absolute imports.
.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyImport_ReloadModule(PyObject *m)
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/int.rst b/Doc/c-api/int.rst
index ef82100..9ff0347 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/int.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/int.rst
@@ -68,6 +68,15 @@ Plain Integer Objects
.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyInt_FromSsize_t(Py_ssize_t ival)
+ Create a new integer object with a value of *ival*. If the value is larger
+ than ``LONG_MAX`` or smaller than ``LONG_MIN``, a long integer object is
+ returned.
+
+ .. versionadded:: 2.5
+
+
+.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyInt_FromSize_t(size_t ival)
+
Create a new integer object with a value of *ival*. If the value exceeds
``LONG_MAX``, a long integer object is returned.
diff --git a/Doc/extending/extending.rst b/Doc/extending/extending.rst
index d052ec2..5c99c3d 100644
--- a/Doc/extending/extending.rst
+++ b/Doc/extending/extending.rst
@@ -1219,16 +1219,23 @@ like this::
static int
import_spam(void)
{
- PyObject *module = PyImport_ImportModule("spam");
-
- if (module != NULL) {
- PyObject *c_api_object = PyObject_GetAttrString(module, "_C_API");
- if (c_api_object == NULL)
- return -1;
- if (PyCObject_Check(c_api_object))
- PySpam_API = (void **)PyCObject_AsVoidPtr(c_api_object);
- Py_DECREF(c_api_object);
+ PyObject *c_api_object;
+ PyObject *module;
+
+ module = PyImport_ImportModule("spam");
+ if (module == NULL)
+ return -1;
+
+ c_api_object = PyObject_GetAttrString(module, "_C_API");
+ if (c_api_object == NULL) {
+ Py_DECREF(module);
+ return -1;
}
+ if (PyCObject_Check(c_api_object))
+ PySpam_API = (void **)PyCObject_AsVoidPtr(c_api_object);
+
+ Py_DECREF(c_api_object);
+ Py_DECREF(module);
return 0;
}
diff --git a/Doc/library/array.rst b/Doc/library/array.rst
index 3b247b7..f7fb4e3 100644
--- a/Doc/library/array.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/array.rst
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ defined:
+-----------+----------------+-------------------+-----------------------+
| ``'B'`` | unsigned char | int | 1 |
+-----------+----------------+-------------------+-----------------------+
-| ``'u'`` | Py_UNICODE | Unicode character | 2 |
+| ``'u'`` | Py_UNICODE | Unicode character | 2 (see note) |
+-----------+----------------+-------------------+-----------------------+
| ``'h'`` | signed short | int | 2 |
+-----------+----------------+-------------------+-----------------------+
@@ -43,6 +43,11 @@ defined:
| ``'d'`` | double | float | 8 |
+-----------+----------------+-------------------+-----------------------+
+.. note::
+
+ The ``'u'`` typecode corresponds to Python's unicode character. On narrow
+ Unicode builds this is 2-bytes, on wide builds this is 4-bytes.
+
The actual representation of values is determined by the machine architecture
(strictly speaking, by the C implementation). The actual size can be accessed
through the :attr:`itemsize` attribute. The values stored for ``'L'`` and
@@ -53,9 +58,9 @@ unsigned (long) integers.
The module defines the following type:
-.. function:: array(typecode[, initializer])
+.. class:: array(typecode[, initializer])
- Return a new array whose items are restricted by *typecode*, and initialized
+ A new array whose items are restricted by *typecode*, and initialized
from the optional *initializer* value, which must be a list, string, or iterable
over elements of the appropriate type.
@@ -70,7 +75,7 @@ The module defines the following type:
.. data:: ArrayType
- Obsolete alias for :func:`array`.
+ Obsolete alias for :class:`array`.
Array objects support the ordinary sequence operations of indexing, slicing,
concatenation, and multiplication. When using slice assignment, the assigned
@@ -80,7 +85,6 @@ and may be used wherever buffer objects are supported.
The following data items and methods are also supported:
-
.. attribute:: array.typecode
The typecode character used to create the array.
diff --git a/Doc/library/cgi.rst b/Doc/library/cgi.rst
index 3879e0d..1e14e4b 100644
--- a/Doc/library/cgi.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/cgi.rst
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-
-:mod:`cgi` --- Common Gateway Interface support.
-================================================
+:mod:`cgi` --- Common Gateway Interface support
+===============================================
.. module:: cgi
:synopsis: Helpers for running Python scripts via the Common Gateway Interface.
diff --git a/Doc/library/contextlib.rst b/Doc/library/contextlib.rst
index 935afee..b5e9aa8 100644
--- a/Doc/library/contextlib.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/contextlib.rst
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-
-:mod:`contextlib` --- Utilities for :keyword:`with`\ -statement contexts.
-=========================================================================
+:mod:`contextlib` --- Utilities for :keyword:`with`\ -statement contexts
+========================================================================
.. module:: contextlib
:synopsis: Utilities for with-statement contexts.
diff --git a/Doc/library/ctypes.rst b/Doc/library/ctypes.rst
index eca14d6..10e61de 100644
--- a/Doc/library/ctypes.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/ctypes.rst
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-
-:mod:`ctypes` --- A foreign function library for Python.
-========================================================
+:mod:`ctypes` --- A foreign function library for Python
+=======================================================
.. module:: ctypes
:synopsis: A foreign function library for Python.
diff --git a/Doc/library/curses.panel.rst b/Doc/library/curses.panel.rst
index 59e5b86..a3c8bda 100644
--- a/Doc/library/curses.panel.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/curses.panel.rst
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-
-:mod:`curses.panel` --- A panel stack extension for curses.
-===========================================================
+:mod:`curses.panel` --- A panel stack extension for curses
+==========================================================
.. module:: curses.panel
:synopsis: A panel stack extension that adds depth to curses windows.
diff --git a/Doc/library/curses.rst b/Doc/library/curses.rst
index c3f1c51..01689a2 100644
--- a/Doc/library/curses.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/curses.rst
@@ -796,7 +796,8 @@ the following methods:
Get a character. Note that the integer returned does *not* have to be in ASCII
range: function keys, keypad keys and so on return numbers higher than 256. In
- no-delay mode, -1 is returned if there is no input.
+ no-delay mode, -1 is returned if there is no input, else :func:`getch` waits
+ until a key is pressed.
.. method:: window.getkey([y, x])
diff --git a/Doc/library/decimal.rst b/Doc/library/decimal.rst
index 6e45e84..ca90291 100644
--- a/Doc/library/decimal.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/decimal.rst
@@ -607,10 +607,9 @@ Decimal objects
.. versionadded:: 2.6
- .. method:: logical_invert(other[, context])
+ .. method:: logical_invert([context])
- :meth:`logical_invert` is a logical operation. The argument must
- be a *logical operand* (see :ref:`logical_operands_label`). The
+ :meth:`logical_invert` is a logical operation. The
result is the digit-wise inversion of the operand.
.. versionadded:: 2.6
diff --git a/Doc/library/fcntl.rst b/Doc/library/fcntl.rst
index fa0b3cb..b186d14 100644
--- a/Doc/library/fcntl.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/fcntl.rst
@@ -151,7 +151,6 @@ lay-out for the *lockdata* variable is system dependent --- therefore using the
Module :mod:`os`
If the locking flags :const:`O_SHLOCK` and :const:`O_EXLOCK` are present
- in the :mod:`os` module, the :func:`os.open` function provides a more
- platform-independent alternative to the :func:`lockf` and :func:`flock`
- functions.
+ in the :mod:`os` module (on BSD only), the :func:`os.open` function
+ provides an alternative to the :func:`lockf` and :func:`flock` functions.
diff --git a/Doc/library/imp.rst b/Doc/library/imp.rst
index 1d3c2f6..cf4655b 100644
--- a/Doc/library/imp.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/imp.rst
@@ -34,16 +34,17 @@ This module provides an interface to the mechanisms used to implement the
.. function:: find_module(name[, path])
- Try to find the module *name* on the search path *path*. If *path* is a list
- of directory names, each directory is searched for files with any of the
- suffixes returned by :func:`get_suffixes` above. Invalid names in the list
- are silently ignored (but all list items must be strings). If *path* is
- omitted or ``None``, the list of directory names given by ``sys.path`` is
- searched, but first it searches a few special places: it tries to find a
- built-in module with the given name (:const:`C_BUILTIN`), then a frozen
- module (:const:`PY_FROZEN`), and on some systems some other places are looked
- in as well (on Windows, it looks in the registry which may point to a
- specific file).
+ Try to find the module *name*. If *path* is omitted or ``None``, the list of
+ directory names given by ``sys.path`` is searched, but first a few special
+ places are searched: the function tries to find a built-in module with the
+ given name (:const:`C_BUILTIN`), then a frozen module (:const:`PY_FROZEN`),
+ and on some systems some other places are looked in as well (on Windows, it
+ looks in the registry which may point to a specific file).
+
+ Otherwise, *path* must be a list of directory names; each directory is
+ searched for files with any of the suffixes returned by :func:`get_suffixes`
+ above. Invalid names in the list are silently ignored (but all list items
+ must be strings).
If search is successful, the return value is a 3-element tuple ``(file,
pathname, description)``:
diff --git a/Doc/library/locale.rst b/Doc/library/locale.rst
index 0366d77..af2fd4b 100644
--- a/Doc/library/locale.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/locale.rst
@@ -148,10 +148,124 @@ The :mod:`locale` module defines the following exception and functions:
.. function:: nl_langinfo(option)
- Return some locale-specific information as a string. This function is not
- available on all systems, and the set of possible options might also vary across
- platforms. The possible argument values are numbers, for which symbolic
- constants are available in the locale module.
+ Return some locale-specific information as a string. This function is not
+ available on all systems, and the set of possible options might also vary
+ across platforms. The possible argument values are numbers, for which
+ symbolic constants are available in the locale module.
+
+ The :func:`nl_langinfo` function accepts one of the following keys. Most
+ descriptions are taken from the corresponding description in the GNU C
+ library.
+
+ .. data:: CODESET
+
+ Get a string with the name of the character encoding used in the
+ selected locale.
+
+ .. data:: D_T_FMT
+
+ Get a string that can be used as a format string for :func:`strftime` to
+ represent time and date in a locale-specific way.
+
+ .. data:: D_FMT
+
+ Get a string that can be used as a format string for :func:`strftime` to
+ represent a date in a locale-specific way.
+
+ .. data:: T_FMT
+
+ Get a string that can be used as a format string for :func:`strftime` to
+ represent a time in a locale-specific way.
+
+ .. data:: T_FMT_AMPM
+
+ Get a format string for :func:`strftime` to represent time in the am/pm
+ format.
+
+ .. data:: DAY_1 ... DAY_7
+
+ Get the name of the n-th day of the week.
+
+ .. note::
+
+ This follows the US convention of :const:`DAY_1` being Sunday, not the
+ international convention (ISO 8601) that Monday is the first day of the
+ week.
+
+ .. data:: ABDAY_1 ... ABDAY_7
+
+ Get the abbreviated name of the n-th day of the week.
+
+ .. data:: MON_1 ... MON_12
+
+ Get the name of the n-th month.
+
+ .. data:: ABMON_1 ... ABMON_12
+
+ Get the abbreviated name of the n-th month.
+
+ .. data:: RADIXCHAR
+
+ Get the radix character (decimal dot, decimal comma, etc.)
+
+ .. data:: THOUSEP
+
+ Get the separator character for thousands (groups of three digits).
+
+ .. data:: YESEXPR
+
+ Get a regular expression that can be used with the regex function to
+ recognize a positive response to a yes/no question.
+
+ .. note::
+
+ The expression is in the syntax suitable for the :cfunc:`regex` function
+ from the C library, which might differ from the syntax used in :mod:`re`.
+
+ .. data:: NOEXPR
+
+ Get a regular expression that can be used with the regex(3) function to
+ recognize a negative response to a yes/no question.
+
+ .. data:: CRNCYSTR
+
+ Get the currency symbol, preceded by "-" if the symbol should appear before
+ the value, "+" if the symbol should appear after the value, or "." if the
+ symbol should replace the radix character.
+
+ .. data:: ERA
+
+ Get a string that represents the era used in the current locale.
+
+ Most locales do not define this value. An example of a locale which does
+ define this value is the Japanese one. In Japan, the traditional
+ representation of dates includes the name of the era corresponding to the
+ then-emperor's reign.
+
+ Normally it should not be necessary to use this value directly. Specifying
+ the ``E`` modifier in their format strings causes the :func:`strftime`
+ function to use this information. The format of the returned string is not
+ specified, and therefore you should not assume knowledge of it on different
+ systems.
+
+ .. data:: ERA_YEAR
+
+ Get the year in the relevant era of the locale.
+
+ .. data:: ERA_D_T_FMT
+
+ Get a format string for :func:`strftime` to represent dates and times in a
+ locale-specific era-based way.
+
+ .. data:: ERA_D_FMT
+
+ Get a format string for :func:`strftime` to represent time in a
+ locale-specific era-based way.
+
+ .. data:: ALT_DIGITS
+
+ Get a representation of up to 100 values used to represent the values
+ 0 to 99.
.. function:: getdefaultlocale([envvars])
@@ -360,140 +474,13 @@ The :mod:`locale` module defines the following exception and functions:
This is a symbolic constant used for different values returned by
:func:`localeconv`.
-The :func:`nl_langinfo` function accepts one of the following keys. Most
-descriptions are taken from the corresponding description in the GNU C library.
-
-
-.. data:: CODESET
-
- Return a string with the name of the character encoding used in the selected
- locale.
-
-
-.. data:: D_T_FMT
-
- Return a string that can be used as a format string for strftime(3) to represent
- time and date in a locale-specific way.
-
-
-.. data:: D_FMT
-
- Return a string that can be used as a format string for strftime(3) to represent
- a date in a locale-specific way.
-
-
-.. data:: T_FMT
-
- Return a string that can be used as a format string for strftime(3) to represent
- a time in a locale-specific way.
-
-
-.. data:: T_FMT_AMPM
-
- The return value can be used as a format string for 'strftime' to represent time
- in the am/pm format.
-
-
-.. data:: DAY_1 ... DAY_7
-
- Return name of the n-th day of the week.
-
- .. note::
-
- This follows the US convention of :const:`DAY_1` being Sunday, not the
- international convention (ISO 8601) that Monday is the first day of the week.
-
-
-.. data:: ABDAY_1 ... ABDAY_7
-
- Return abbreviated name of the n-th day of the week.
-
-
-.. data:: MON_1 ... MON_12
-
- Return name of the n-th month.
-
-
-.. data:: ABMON_1 ... ABMON_12
-
- Return abbreviated name of the n-th month.
-
-
-.. data:: RADIXCHAR
-
- Return radix character (decimal dot, decimal comma, etc.)
-
-
-.. data:: THOUSEP
-
- Return separator character for thousands (groups of three digits).
-
-
-.. data:: YESEXPR
-
- Return a regular expression that can be used with the regex function to
- recognize a positive response to a yes/no question.
-
- .. note::
-
- The expression is in the syntax suitable for the :cfunc:`regex` function from
- the C library, which might differ from the syntax used in :mod:`re`.
-
-
-.. data:: NOEXPR
-
- Return a regular expression that can be used with the regex(3) function to
- recognize a negative response to a yes/no question.
-
-
-.. data:: CRNCYSTR
-
- Return the currency symbol, preceded by "-" if the symbol should appear before
- the value, "+" if the symbol should appear after the value, or "." if the symbol
- should replace the radix character.
-
-
-.. data:: ERA
-
- The return value represents the era used in the current locale.
-
- Most locales do not define this value. An example of a locale which does define
- this value is the Japanese one. In Japan, the traditional representation of
- dates includes the name of the era corresponding to the then-emperor's reign.
-
- Normally it should not be necessary to use this value directly. Specifying the
- ``E`` modifier in their format strings causes the :func:`strftime` function to
- use this information. The format of the returned string is not specified, and
- therefore you should not assume knowledge of it on different systems.
-
-
-.. data:: ERA_YEAR
-
- The return value gives the year in the relevant era of the locale.
-
-
-.. data:: ERA_D_T_FMT
-
- This return value can be used as a format string for :func:`strftime` to
- represent dates and times in a locale-specific era-based way.
-
-
-.. data:: ERA_D_FMT
-
- This return value can be used as a format string for :func:`strftime` to
- represent time in a locale-specific era-based way.
-
-
-.. data:: ALT_DIGITS
-
- The return value is a representation of up to 100 values used to represent the
- values 0 to 99.
Example::
>>> import locale
>>> loc = locale.getlocale() # get current locale
- >>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'de_DE') # use German locale; name might vary with platform
+ # use German locale; name might vary with platform
+ >>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'de_DE')
>>> locale.strcoll('f\xe4n', 'foo') # compare a string containing an umlaut
>>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, '') # use user's preferred locale
>>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'C') # use default (C) locale
diff --git a/Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst b/Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst
index 6a903ee..4cca466 100644
--- a/Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst
@@ -374,7 +374,9 @@ The :mod:`multiprocessing` package mostly replicates the API of the
Note that a daemonic process is not allowed to create child processes.
Otherwise a daemonic process would leave its children orphaned if it gets
- terminated when its parent process exits.
+ terminated when its parent process exits. Additionally, these are **not**
+ Unix daemons or services, they are normal processes that will be
+ terminated (and not joined) if non-dameonic processes have exited.
In addition to the :class:`Threading.Thread` API, :class:`Process` objects
also support the following attributes and methods:
@@ -1700,7 +1702,7 @@ authentication* using the :mod:`hmac` module.
generally be omitted since it can usually be inferred from the format of
*address*. (See :ref:`multiprocessing-address-formats`)
- If *authentication* is ``True`` or *authkey* is a string then digest
+ If *authenticate* is ``True`` or *authkey* is a string then digest
authentication is used. The key used for authentication will be either
*authkey* or ``current_process().authkey)`` if *authkey* is ``None``.
If authentication fails then :exc:`AuthenticationError` is raised. See
@@ -1742,7 +1744,7 @@ authentication* using the :mod:`hmac` module.
If *authkey* is ``None`` and *authenticate* is ``True`` then
``current_process().authkey`` is used as the authentication key. If
- *authkey* is ``None`` and *authentication* is ``False`` then no
+ *authkey* is ``None`` and *authenticate* is ``False`` then no
authentication is done. If authentication fails then
:exc:`AuthenticationError` is raised. See :ref:`multiprocessing-auth-keys`.
diff --git a/Doc/library/optparse.rst b/Doc/library/optparse.rst
index b8e09aa..5ac11c3 100644
--- a/Doc/library/optparse.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/optparse.rst
@@ -645,8 +645,8 @@ option involved in the error; be sure to do the same when calling
:func:`OptionParser.error` from your application code.
If :mod:`optparse`'s default error-handling behaviour does not suit your needs,
-you'll need to subclass OptionParser and override its :meth:`exit` and/or
-:meth:`error` methods.
+you'll need to subclass OptionParser and override its :meth:`~OptionParser.exit`
+and/or :meth:`~OptionParser.error` methods.
.. _optparse-putting-it-all-together:
diff --git a/Doc/library/pickletools.rst b/Doc/library/pickletools.rst
index b07e3bd..ea16190 100644
--- a/Doc/library/pickletools.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/pickletools.rst
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-
-:mod:`pickletools` --- Tools for pickle developers.
-===================================================
+:mod:`pickletools` --- Tools for pickle developers
+==================================================
.. module:: pickletools
:synopsis: Contains extensive comments about the pickle protocols and pickle-machine
diff --git a/Doc/library/platform.rst b/Doc/library/platform.rst
index 9900278..98b7972 100644
--- a/Doc/library/platform.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/platform.rst
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-
-:mod:`platform` --- Access to underlying platform's identifying data.
-======================================================================
+:mod:`platform` --- Access to underlying platform's identifying data
+=====================================================================
.. module:: platform
:synopsis: Retrieves as much platform identifying data as possible.
diff --git a/Doc/library/stdtypes.rst b/Doc/library/stdtypes.rst
index deebda7..57f96a9 100644
--- a/Doc/library/stdtypes.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/stdtypes.rst
@@ -588,10 +588,18 @@ Implementations that do not obey this property are deemed broken. (This
constraint was added in Python 2.3; in Python 2.2, various iterators are broken
according to this rule.)
+
+.. _generator-types:
+
+Generator Types
+---------------
+
Python's :term:`generator`\s provide a convenient way to implement the iterator
protocol. If a container object's :meth:`__iter__` method is implemented as a
generator, it will automatically return an iterator object (technically, a
-generator object) supplying the :meth:`__iter__` and :meth:`next` methods.
+generator object) supplying the :meth:`__iter__` and :meth:`next` methods. More
+information about generators can be found in :ref:`the documentation for the
+yield expression <yieldexpr>`.
.. _typesseq:
diff --git a/Doc/library/string.rst b/Doc/library/string.rst
index 08b4103..50fe062 100644
--- a/Doc/library/string.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/string.rst
@@ -825,14 +825,15 @@ not be removed until Python 3.0. The functions defined in this module are:
Return a copy of *s*, but with lower case letters converted to upper case.
-.. function:: ljust(s, width)
- rjust(s, width)
- center(s, width)
+.. function:: ljust(s, width[, fillchar])
+ rjust(s, width[, fillchar])
+ center(s, width[, fillchar])
These functions respectively left-justify, right-justify and center a string in
a field of given width. They return a string that is at least *width*
- characters wide, created by padding the string *s* with spaces until the given
- width on the right, left or both sides. The string is never truncated.
+ characters wide, created by padding the string *s* with the character *fillchar*
+ (default is a space) until the given width on the right, left or both sides.
+ The string is never truncated.
.. function:: zfill(s, width)
diff --git a/Doc/library/subprocess.rst b/Doc/library/subprocess.rst
index c6bd07b..bc37d33 100644
--- a/Doc/library/subprocess.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/subprocess.rst
@@ -73,7 +73,11 @@ This module defines one class called :class:`Popen`:
needed: Usually, the program to execute is defined by the *args* argument. If
``shell=True``, the *executable* argument specifies which shell to use. On Unix,
the default shell is :file:`/bin/sh`. On Windows, the default shell is
- specified by the :envvar:`COMSPEC` environment variable.
+ specified by the :envvar:`COMSPEC` environment variable. The only reason you
+ would need to specify ``shell=True`` on Windows is where the command you
+ wish to execute is actually built in to the shell, eg ``dir``, ``copy``.
+ You don't need ``shell=True`` to run a batch file, nor to run a console-based
+ executable.
*stdin*, *stdout* and *stderr* specify the executed programs' standard input,
standard output and standard error file handles, respectively. Valid values
diff --git a/Doc/library/symtable.rst b/Doc/library/symtable.rst
index 9ea3f01..9aafd4e 100644
--- a/Doc/library/symtable.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/symtable.rst
@@ -144,6 +144,10 @@ Examining Symbol Tables
Return ``True`` if the symbol is global.
+ .. method:: is_declared_global()
+
+ Return ``True`` if the symbol is declared global with a global statement.
+
.. method:: is_local()
Return ``True`` if the symbol is local to its block.
diff --git a/Doc/library/timeit.rst b/Doc/library/timeit.rst
index c545b97..4f930b3 100644
--- a/Doc/library/timeit.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/timeit.rst
@@ -26,8 +26,9 @@ The module defines the following public class:
The constructor takes a statement to be timed, an additional statement used for
setup, and a timer function. Both statements default to ``'pass'``; the timer
- function is platform-dependent (see the module doc string). The statements may
- contain newlines, as long as they don't contain multi-line string literals.
+ function is platform-dependent (see the module doc string). *stmt* and *setup*
+ may also contain multiple statements separated by ``;`` or newlines, as long as
+ they don't contain multi-line string literals.
To measure the execution time of the first statement, use the :meth:`timeit`
method. The :meth:`repeat` method is a convenience to call :meth:`timeit`
diff --git a/Doc/library/warnings.rst b/Doc/library/warnings.rst
index 81e7452..77fe5ee 100644
--- a/Doc/library/warnings.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/warnings.rst
@@ -279,6 +279,8 @@ Available Functions
be a string and *category* a subclass of :exc:`Warning`. :func:`warnpy3k`
is using :exc:`DeprecationWarning` as default warning class.
+ .. versionadded:: 2.6
+
.. function:: showwarning(message, category, filename, lineno[, file[, line]])
diff --git a/Doc/using/cmdline.rst b/Doc/using/cmdline.rst
index fa73ea2..88b9b06 100644
--- a/Doc/using/cmdline.rst
+++ b/Doc/using/cmdline.rst
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ Miscellaneous options
warning is triggered repeatedly for the same source line, such as inside a
loop).
``module``
- Print each warning only only the first time it occurs in each module.
+ Print each warning only the first time it occurs in each module.
``once``
Print each warning only the first time it occurs in the program.
``error``
diff --git a/Misc/HISTORY b/Misc/HISTORY
index 14f283d..127b782 100644
--- a/Misc/HISTORY
+++ b/Misc/HISTORY
@@ -16184,7 +16184,7 @@ people seemed not to have picked it up. There's a Python script that
fixes old code: demo/scripts/classfix.py.
* There's a new reserved word: "access". The syntax and semantics are
-still subject of of research and debate (as well as undocumented), but
+still subject of research and debate (as well as undocumented), but
the parser knows about the keyword so you must not use it as a
variable, function, or attribute name.
@@ -16434,7 +16434,7 @@ you could get away with the following:
(a) define a function of one argument and call it with any
number of arguments; if the actual argument count wasn't
one, the function would receive a tuple containing the
- arguments arguments (an empty tuple if there were none).
+ arguments (an empty tuple if there were none).
(b) define a function of two arguments, and call it with more
than two arguments; if there were more than two arguments,
@@ -16756,7 +16756,7 @@ Changes to the source code that affect C extension writers
----------------------------------------------------------
The function strdup() no longer exists (it was used only in one places
-and is somewhat of a a portability problem sice some systems have the
+and is somewhat of a portability problem since some systems have the
same function in their C library.
The functions NEW() and RENEW() allocate one spare byte to guard
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS b/Misc/NEWS
index d265ef1..53d1721 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS
+++ b/Misc/NEWS
@@ -3576,7 +3576,7 @@ Library
- Bug #1565661: in webbrowser, split() the command for the default
GNOME browser in case it is a command with args.
-- Made the error message for time.strptime when the data data and
+- Made the error message for time.strptime when the data and
format do match be more clear.
- Fix a bug in traceback.format_exception_only() that led to an error
diff --git a/Misc/Porting b/Misc/Porting
index 60ce9a8..1b94f14 100644
--- a/Misc/Porting
+++ b/Misc/Porting
@@ -37,6 +37,6 @@ options.
Then bang on it until it executes very simple Python statements.
Now bang on it some more. At some point you'll want to use the os
-module; this is the time to start thinking about what to to with the
+module; this is the time to start thinking about what to do with the
posix module. It's okay to simply #ifdef out those functions that
cause problems; the remaining ones will be quite useful.
diff --git a/Misc/cheatsheet b/Misc/cheatsheet
index df69f24..98e3399 100644
--- a/Misc/cheatsheet
+++ b/Misc/cheatsheet
@@ -1145,7 +1145,7 @@ Exception>
Standard methods & operators redefinition in classes
Standard methods & operators map to special '__methods__' and thus may be
- redefined (mostly in in user-defined classes), e.g.:
+ redefined (mostly in user-defined classes), e.g.:
class x:
def __init__(self, v): self.value = v
def __add__(self, r): return self.value + r
diff --git a/Misc/developers.txt b/Misc/developers.txt
index b4f6c70..5b90e4c 100644
--- a/Misc/developers.txt
+++ b/Misc/developers.txt
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Permissions History
- Heiko Weinen was given SVN access on 29 April 2008 by MvL,
for GSoC contributions.
-- Jesus Cea was was given SVN access on 24 April 2008 by MvL,
+- Jesus Cea was given SVN access on 24 April 2008 by MvL,
for maintenance of bsddb.
- Guilherme Polo was given SVN access on 24 April 2008 by MvL,
diff --git a/Misc/python.man b/Misc/python.man
index 1db77ea..fd9ed45 100644
--- a/Misc/python.man
+++ b/Misc/python.man
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ to print a warning each time it occurs (this may generate many
messages if a warning is triggered repeatedly for the same source
line, such as inside a loop);
.B module
-to print each warning only only the first time it occurs in each
+to print each warning only the first time it occurs in each
module;
.B once
to print each warning only the first time it occurs in the program; or