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-rw-r--r--Doc/library/getopt.rst26
-rw-r--r--Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst5
-rw-r--r--Lib/getopt.py24
-rw-r--r--Lib/test/test_getopt.py81
-rw-r--r--Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-11-03-23-25-07.gh-issue-126374.Xu_THP.rst1
5 files changed, 112 insertions, 25 deletions
diff --git a/Doc/library/getopt.rst b/Doc/library/getopt.rst
index 3ab44b9..def0ea3 100644
--- a/Doc/library/getopt.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/getopt.rst
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@ exception:
be parsed, without the leading reference to the running program. Typically, this
means ``sys.argv[1:]``. *shortopts* is the string of option letters that the
script wants to recognize, with options that require an argument followed by a
- colon (``':'``; i.e., the same format that Unix :c:func:`!getopt` uses).
+ colon (``':'``) and options that accept an optional argument followed by
+ two colons (``'::'``); i.e., the same format that Unix :c:func:`!getopt` uses.
.. note::
@@ -49,8 +50,10 @@ exception:
*longopts*, if specified, must be a list of strings with the names of the
long options which should be supported. The leading ``'--'`` characters
should not be included in the option name. Long options which require an
- argument should be followed by an equal sign (``'='``). Optional arguments
- are not supported. To accept only long options, *shortopts* should be an
+ argument should be followed by an equal sign (``'='``).
+ Long options which accept an optional argument should be followed by
+ an equal sign and question mark (``'=?'``).
+ To accept only long options, *shortopts* should be an
empty string. Long options on the command line can be recognized so long as
they provide a prefix of the option name that matches exactly one of the
accepted options. For example, if *longopts* is ``['foo', 'frob']``, the
@@ -67,6 +70,9 @@ exception:
options occur in the list in the same order in which they were found, thus
allowing multiple occurrences. Long and short options may be mixed.
+ .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+ Optional arguments are supported.
+
.. function:: gnu_getopt(args, shortopts, longopts=[])
@@ -124,6 +130,20 @@ Using long option names is equally easy:
>>> args
['a1', 'a2']
+Optional arguments should be specified explicitly:
+
+.. doctest::
+
+ >>> s = '-Con -C --color=off --color a1 a2'
+ >>> args = s.split()
+ >>> args
+ ['-Con', '-C', '--color=off', '--color', 'a1', 'a2']
+ >>> optlist, args = getopt.getopt(args, 'C::', ['color=?'])
+ >>> optlist
+ [('-C', 'on'), ('-C', ''), ('--color', 'off'), ('--color', '')]
+ >>> args
+ ['a1', 'a2']
+
In a script, typical usage is something like this:
.. testcode::
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst
index b9d2c27..4b2a64f 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst
@@ -314,6 +314,11 @@ functools
to reserve a place for positional arguments.
(Contributed by Dominykas Grigonis in :gh:`119127`.)
+getopt
+------
+
+* Add support for options with optional arguments.
+ (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`126374`.)
http
----
diff --git a/Lib/getopt.py b/Lib/getopt.py
index 1df5b96..c12c08b 100644
--- a/Lib/getopt.py
+++ b/Lib/getopt.py
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ option involved with the exception.
# - allow the caller to specify ordering
# - RETURN_IN_ORDER option
# - GNU extension with '-' as first character of option string
-# - optional arguments, specified by double colons
# - an option string with a W followed by semicolon should
# treat "-W foo" as "--foo"
@@ -58,12 +57,14 @@ def getopt(args, shortopts, longopts = []):
running program. Typically, this means "sys.argv[1:]". shortopts
is the string of option letters that the script wants to
recognize, with options that require an argument followed by a
- colon (i.e., the same format that Unix getopt() uses). If
+ colon and options that accept an optional argument followed by
+ two colons (i.e., the same format that Unix getopt() uses). If
specified, longopts is a list of strings with the names of the
long options which should be supported. The leading '--'
characters should not be included in the option name. Options
which require an argument should be followed by an equal sign
- ('=').
+ ('='). Options which acept an optional argument should be
+ followed by an equal sign and question mark ('=?').
The return value consists of two elements: the first is a list of
(option, value) pairs; the second is the list of program arguments
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ def do_longs(opts, opt, longopts, args):
has_arg, opt = long_has_args(opt, longopts)
if has_arg:
- if optarg is None:
+ if optarg is None and has_arg != '?':
if not args:
raise GetoptError(_('option --%s requires argument') % opt, opt)
optarg, args = args[0], args[1:]
@@ -174,6 +175,8 @@ def long_has_args(opt, longopts):
return False, opt
elif opt + '=' in possibilities:
return True, opt
+ elif opt + '=?' in possibilities:
+ return '?', opt
# No exact match, so better be unique.
if len(possibilities) > 1:
# XXX since possibilities contains all valid continuations, might be
@@ -181,6 +184,8 @@ def long_has_args(opt, longopts):
raise GetoptError(_('option --%s not a unique prefix') % opt, opt)
assert len(possibilities) == 1
unique_match = possibilities[0]
+ if unique_match.endswith('=?'):
+ return '?', unique_match[:-2]
has_arg = unique_match.endswith('=')
if has_arg:
unique_match = unique_match[:-1]
@@ -189,8 +194,9 @@ def long_has_args(opt, longopts):
def do_shorts(opts, optstring, shortopts, args):
while optstring != '':
opt, optstring = optstring[0], optstring[1:]
- if short_has_arg(opt, shortopts):
- if optstring == '':
+ has_arg = short_has_arg(opt, shortopts)
+ if has_arg:
+ if optstring == '' and has_arg != '?':
if not args:
raise GetoptError(_('option -%s requires argument') % opt,
opt)
@@ -204,7 +210,11 @@ def do_shorts(opts, optstring, shortopts, args):
def short_has_arg(opt, shortopts):
for i in range(len(shortopts)):
if opt == shortopts[i] != ':':
- return shortopts.startswith(':', i+1)
+ if not shortopts.startswith(':', i+1):
+ return False
+ if shortopts.startswith('::', i+1):
+ return '?'
+ return True
raise GetoptError(_('option -%s not recognized') % opt, opt)
if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_getopt.py b/Lib/test/test_getopt.py
index c8b3442..984bdb7 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_getopt.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_getopt.py
@@ -19,21 +19,34 @@ class GetoptTests(unittest.TestCase):
self.assertRaises(getopt.GetoptError, *args, **kwargs)
def test_short_has_arg(self):
- self.assertTrue(getopt.short_has_arg('a', 'a:'))
- self.assertFalse(getopt.short_has_arg('a', 'a'))
+ self.assertIs(getopt.short_has_arg('a', 'a:'), True)
+ self.assertIs(getopt.short_has_arg('a', 'a'), False)
+ self.assertEqual(getopt.short_has_arg('a', 'a::'), '?')
self.assertError(getopt.short_has_arg, 'a', 'b')
def test_long_has_args(self):
has_arg, option = getopt.long_has_args('abc', ['abc='])
- self.assertTrue(has_arg)
+ self.assertIs(has_arg, True)
self.assertEqual(option, 'abc')
has_arg, option = getopt.long_has_args('abc', ['abc'])
- self.assertFalse(has_arg)
+ self.assertIs(has_arg, False)
self.assertEqual(option, 'abc')
+ has_arg, option = getopt.long_has_args('abc', ['abc=?'])
+ self.assertEqual(has_arg, '?')
+ self.assertEqual(option, 'abc')
+
+ has_arg, option = getopt.long_has_args('abc', ['abcd='])
+ self.assertIs(has_arg, True)
+ self.assertEqual(option, 'abcd')
+
has_arg, option = getopt.long_has_args('abc', ['abcd'])
- self.assertFalse(has_arg)
+ self.assertIs(has_arg, False)
+ self.assertEqual(option, 'abcd')
+
+ has_arg, option = getopt.long_has_args('abc', ['abcd=?'])
+ self.assertEqual(has_arg, '?')
self.assertEqual(option, 'abcd')
self.assertError(getopt.long_has_args, 'abc', ['def'])
@@ -49,9 +62,9 @@ class GetoptTests(unittest.TestCase):
self.assertEqual(opts, [('-a', '1')])
self.assertEqual(args, [])
- #opts, args = getopt.do_shorts([], 'a=1', 'a:', [])
- #self.assertEqual(opts, [('-a', '1')])
- #self.assertEqual(args, [])
+ opts, args = getopt.do_shorts([], 'a=1', 'a:', [])
+ self.assertEqual(opts, [('-a', '=1')])
+ self.assertEqual(args, [])
opts, args = getopt.do_shorts([], 'a', 'a:', ['1'])
self.assertEqual(opts, [('-a', '1')])
@@ -61,6 +74,14 @@ class GetoptTests(unittest.TestCase):
self.assertEqual(opts, [('-a', '1')])
self.assertEqual(args, ['2'])
+ opts, args = getopt.do_shorts([], 'a', 'a::', ['1'])
+ self.assertEqual(opts, [('-a', '')])
+ self.assertEqual(args, ['1'])
+
+ opts, args = getopt.do_shorts([], 'a1', 'a::', [])
+ self.assertEqual(opts, [('-a', '1')])
+ self.assertEqual(args, [])
+
self.assertError(getopt.do_shorts, [], 'a1', 'a', [])
self.assertError(getopt.do_shorts, [], 'a', 'a:', [])
@@ -77,6 +98,22 @@ class GetoptTests(unittest.TestCase):
self.assertEqual(opts, [('--abcd', '1')])
self.assertEqual(args, [])
+ opts, args = getopt.do_longs([], 'abc', ['abc=?'], ['1'])
+ self.assertEqual(opts, [('--abc', '')])
+ self.assertEqual(args, ['1'])
+
+ opts, args = getopt.do_longs([], 'abc', ['abcd=?'], ['1'])
+ self.assertEqual(opts, [('--abcd', '')])
+ self.assertEqual(args, ['1'])
+
+ opts, args = getopt.do_longs([], 'abc=1', ['abc=?'], [])
+ self.assertEqual(opts, [('--abc', '1')])
+ self.assertEqual(args, [])
+
+ opts, args = getopt.do_longs([], 'abc=1', ['abcd=?'], [])
+ self.assertEqual(opts, [('--abcd', '1')])
+ self.assertEqual(args, [])
+
opts, args = getopt.do_longs([], 'abc', ['ab', 'abc', 'abcd'], [])
self.assertEqual(opts, [('--abc', '')])
self.assertEqual(args, [])
@@ -95,7 +132,7 @@ class GetoptTests(unittest.TestCase):
# note: the empty string between '-a' and '--beta' is significant:
# it simulates an empty string option argument ('-a ""') on the
# command line.
- cmdline = ['-a', '1', '-b', '--alpha=2', '--beta', '-a', '3', '-a',
+ cmdline = ['-a1', '-b', '--alpha=2', '--beta', '-a', '3', '-a',
'', '--beta', 'arg1', 'arg2']
opts, args = getopt.getopt(cmdline, 'a:b', ['alpha=', 'beta'])
@@ -106,17 +143,29 @@ class GetoptTests(unittest.TestCase):
# accounted for in the code that calls getopt().
self.assertEqual(args, ['arg1', 'arg2'])
+ cmdline = ['-a1', '--alpha=2', '--alpha=', '-a', '--alpha', 'arg1', 'arg2']
+ opts, args = getopt.getopt(cmdline, 'a::', ['alpha=?'])
+ self.assertEqual(opts, [('-a', '1'), ('--alpha', '2'), ('--alpha', ''),
+ ('-a', ''), ('--alpha', '')])
+ self.assertEqual(args, ['arg1', 'arg2'])
+
self.assertError(getopt.getopt, cmdline, 'a:b', ['alpha', 'beta'])
def test_gnu_getopt(self):
# Test handling of GNU style scanning mode.
- cmdline = ['-a', 'arg1', '-b', '1', '--alpha', '--beta=2']
+ cmdline = ['-a', 'arg1', '-b', '1', '--alpha', '--beta=2', '--beta',
+ '3', 'arg2']
# GNU style
opts, args = getopt.gnu_getopt(cmdline, 'ab:', ['alpha', 'beta='])
- self.assertEqual(args, ['arg1'])
- self.assertEqual(opts, [('-a', ''), ('-b', '1'),
- ('--alpha', ''), ('--beta', '2')])
+ self.assertEqual(args, ['arg1', 'arg2'])
+ self.assertEqual(opts, [('-a', ''), ('-b', '1'), ('--alpha', ''),
+ ('--beta', '2'), ('--beta', '3')])
+
+ opts, args = getopt.gnu_getopt(cmdline, 'ab::', ['alpha', 'beta=?'])
+ self.assertEqual(args, ['arg1', '1', '3', 'arg2'])
+ self.assertEqual(opts, [('-a', ''), ('-b', ''), ('--alpha', ''),
+ ('--beta', '2'), ('--beta', '')])
# recognize "-" as an argument
opts, args = getopt.gnu_getopt(['-a', '-', '-b', '-'], 'ab:', [])
@@ -126,13 +175,15 @@ class GetoptTests(unittest.TestCase):
# Posix style via +
opts, args = getopt.gnu_getopt(cmdline, '+ab:', ['alpha', 'beta='])
self.assertEqual(opts, [('-a', '')])
- self.assertEqual(args, ['arg1', '-b', '1', '--alpha', '--beta=2'])
+ self.assertEqual(args, ['arg1', '-b', '1', '--alpha', '--beta=2',
+ '--beta', '3', 'arg2'])
# Posix style via POSIXLY_CORRECT
self.env["POSIXLY_CORRECT"] = "1"
opts, args = getopt.gnu_getopt(cmdline, 'ab:', ['alpha', 'beta='])
self.assertEqual(opts, [('-a', '')])
- self.assertEqual(args, ['arg1', '-b', '1', '--alpha', '--beta=2'])
+ self.assertEqual(args, ['arg1', '-b', '1', '--alpha', '--beta=2',
+ '--beta', '3', 'arg2'])
def test_issue4629(self):
longopts, shortopts = getopt.getopt(['--help='], '', ['help='])
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-11-03-23-25-07.gh-issue-126374.Xu_THP.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-11-03-23-25-07.gh-issue-126374.Xu_THP.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad7ecfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-11-03-23-25-07.gh-issue-126374.Xu_THP.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add support for options with optional arguments in the :mod:`getopt` module.
generated by cgit v0.12 at 2025-09-07 12:53:51 (GMT)