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+.. highlightlang:: c
+
+.. _longobjects:
+
+Integer Objects
+---------------
+
+.. index:: object: long integer
+           object: integer
+
+All integers are implemented as "long" integer objects of arbitrary size.
+
+.. ctype:: PyLongObject
+
+   This subtype of :ctype:`PyObject` represents a Python integer object.
+
+
+.. cvar:: PyTypeObject PyLong_Type
+
+   This instance of :ctype:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python integer type.
+   This is the same object as ``int``.
+
+
+.. cfunction:: int PyLong_Check(PyObject *p)
+
+   Return true if its argument is a :ctype:`PyLongObject` or a subtype of
+   :ctype:`PyLongObject`.
+
+
+.. cfunction:: int PyLong_CheckExact(PyObject *p)
+
+   Return true if its argument is a :ctype:`PyLongObject`, but not a subtype of
+   :ctype:`PyLongObject`.
+
+
+.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyLong_FromLong(long v)
+
+   Return a new :ctype:`PyLongObject` object from *v*, or *NULL* on failure.
+
+   The current implementation keeps an array of integer objects for all integers
+   between ``-5`` and ``256``, when you create an int in that range you actually
+   just get back a reference to the existing object. So it should be possible to
+   change the value of ``1``.  I suspect the behaviour of Python in this case is
+   undefined. :-)
+
+
+.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(unsigned long v)
+
+   Return a new :ctype:`PyLongObject` object from a C :ctype:`unsigned long`, or
+   *NULL* on failure.
+
+
+.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyLong_FromSsize_t(Py_ssize_t v)
+
+   Return a new :ctype:`PyLongObject` object with a value of *v*, or *NULL*
+   on failure.
+
+
+.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyLong_FromSize_t(size_t v)
+
+   Return a new :ctype:`PyLongObject` object with a value of *v*, or *NULL*
+   on failure.
+
+
+.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyLong_FromLongLong(PY_LONG_LONG v)
+
+   Return a new :ctype:`PyLongObject` object from a C :ctype:`long long`, or *NULL*
+   on failure.
+
+
+.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(unsigned PY_LONG_LONG v)
+
+   Return a new :ctype:`PyLongObject` object from a C :ctype:`unsigned long long`,
+   or *NULL* on failure.
+
+
+.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyLong_FromDouble(double v)
+
+   Return a new :ctype:`PyLongObject` object from the integer part of *v*, or
+   *NULL* on failure.
+
+
+.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyLong_FromString(char *str, char **pend, int base)
+
+   Return a new :ctype:`PyLongObject` based on the string value in *str*, which
+   is interpreted according to the radix in *base*.  If *pend* is non-*NULL*,
+   ``*pend`` will point to the first character in *str* which follows the
+   representation of the number.  If *base* is ``0``, the radix will be
+   determined based on the leading characters of *str*: if *str* starts with
+   ``'0x'`` or ``'0X'``, radix 16 will be used; if *str* starts with ``'0o'`` or
+   ``'0O'``, radix 8 will be used; if *str* starts with ``'0b'`` or ``'0B'``,
+   radix 2 will be used; otherwise radix 10 will be used.  If *base* is not
+   ``0``, it must be between ``2`` and ``36``, inclusive.  Leading spaces are
+   ignored.  If there are no digits, :exc:`ValueError` will be raised.
+
+
+.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyLong_FromUnicode(Py_UNICODE *u, Py_ssize_t length, int base)
+
+   Convert a sequence of Unicode digits to a Python integer value.  The Unicode
+   string is first encoded to a byte string using :cfunc:`PyUnicode_EncodeDecimal`
+   and then converted using :cfunc:`PyLong_FromString`.
+
+
+.. cfunction:: PyObject* PyLong_FromVoidPtr(void *p)
+
+   Create a Python integer from the pointer *p*. The pointer value can be
+   retrieved from the resulting value using :cfunc:`PyLong_AsVoidPtr`.
+
+
+.. XXX alias PyLong_AS_LONG (for now) 
+.. cfunction:: long PyLong_AsLong(PyObject *pylong)
+
+   .. index::
+      single: LONG_MAX
+      single: OverflowError (built-in exception)
+
+   Return a C :ctype:`long` representation of the contents of *pylong*.  If
+   *pylong* is greater than :const:`LONG_MAX`, raise an :exc:`OverflowError`,
+   and return -1. Convert non-long objects automatically to long first,
+   and return -1 if that raises exceptions.
+
+.. cfunction:: long PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow(PyObject *pylong, int* overflow)
+
+   Return a C :ctype:`long` representation of the contents of *pylong*.  If
+   *pylong* is greater than :const:`LONG_MAX`, return -1 and
+   set `*overflow` to 1 (for overflow) or -1 (for underflow). 
+   If an exception is set because of type errors, also return -1.
+
+
+.. cfunction:: unsigned long PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(PyObject *pylong)
+
+   .. index::
+      single: ULONG_MAX
+      single: OverflowError (built-in exception)
+
+   Return a C :ctype:`unsigned long` representation of the contents of *pylong*.
+   If *pylong* is greater than :const:`ULONG_MAX`, an :exc:`OverflowError` is
+   raised.
+
+
+.. cfunction:: Py_ssize_t PyLong_AsSsize_t(PyObject *pylong)
+
+   .. index::
+      single: PY_SSIZE_T_MAX
+
+   Return a :ctype:`Py_ssize_t` representation of the contents of *pylong*.  If
+   *pylong* is greater than :const:`PY_SSIZE_T_MAX`, an :exc:`OverflowError` is
+   raised.
+
+
+.. cfunction:: size_t PyLong_AsSize_t(PyObject *pylong)
+
+   Return a :ctype:`size_t` representation of the contents of *pylong*.  If
+   *pylong* is greater than the maximum value for a :ctype:`size_t`, an
+   :exc:`OverflowError` is raised.
+
+
+.. cfunction:: PY_LONG_LONG PyLong_AsLongLong(PyObject *pylong)
+
+   Return a C :ctype:`long long` from a Python integer.  If *pylong* cannot be
+   represented as a :ctype:`long long`, an :exc:`OverflowError` will be raised.
+
+
+.. cfunction:: unsigned PY_LONG_LONG PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong(PyObject *pylong)
+
+   Return a C :ctype:`unsigned long long` from a Python integer. If *pylong*
+   cannot be represented as an :ctype:`unsigned long long`, an :exc:`OverflowError`
+   will be raised if the value is positive, or a :exc:`TypeError` will be raised if
+   the value is negative.
+
+
+.. cfunction:: unsigned long PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask(PyObject *io)
+
+   Return a C :ctype:`unsigned long` from a Python integer, without checking for
+   overflow.
+
+
+.. cfunction:: unsigned PY_LONG_LONG PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLongMask(PyObject *io)
+
+   Return a C :ctype:`unsigned long long` from a Python integer, without
+   checking for overflow.
+
+
+.. cfunction:: double PyLong_AsDouble(PyObject *pylong)
+
+   Return a C :ctype:`double` representation of the contents of *pylong*.  If
+   *pylong* cannot be approximately represented as a :ctype:`double`, an
+   :exc:`OverflowError` exception is raised and ``-1.0`` will be returned.
+
+
+.. cfunction:: void* PyLong_AsVoidPtr(PyObject *pylong)
+
+   Convert a Python integer *pylong* to a C :ctype:`void` pointer.  If *pylong*
+   cannot be converted, an :exc:`OverflowError` will be raised.  This is only
+   assured to produce a usable :ctype:`void` pointer for values created with
+   :cfunc:`PyLong_FromVoidPtr`.