diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Doc/dist/dist.tex')
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/dist/dist.tex | 94 |
1 files changed, 52 insertions, 42 deletions
diff --git a/Doc/dist/dist.tex b/Doc/dist/dist.tex index c6acc04..83e49da 100644 --- a/Doc/dist/dist.tex +++ b/Doc/dist/dist.tex @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ \begin{abstract} \noindent This document describes the Python Distribution Utilities - (``Distutils'') from the module developer's point-of-view, describing + (``Distutils'') from the module developer's point of view, describing how to use the Distutils to make Python modules and extensions easily available to a wider audience with very little overhead for build/release/install mechanics. @@ -71,21 +71,21 @@ Python module distributions in the most natural way for their platform, without having to run a single setup script or compile a line of code. -\subsection{A simple example} +\subsection{A Simple Example} \label{simple-example} -The setup script is usually quite simple, although since it's written in -Python, there are no arbitrary limits to what you can do with -it, though you should be careful about putting arbitrarily expensive - operations in your setup script. Unlike, say, Autoconf-style configure - scripts, the setup script may be run multiple times in the course of - building and installing your module distribution. If you need to - insert potentially expensive processing steps into the Distutils - chain, see section~\ref{extending} on extending the Distutils. +The setup script is usually quite simple, although since it's written +in Python, there are no arbitrary limits to what you can do with it, +though you should be careful about putting arbitrarily expensive +operations in your setup script. Unlike, say, Autoconf-style configure +scripts, the setup script may be run multiple times in the course of +building and installing your module distribution. If you need to +insert potentially expensive processing steps into the Distutils +chain, see section~\ref{extending} on extending the Distutils. If all you want to do is distribute a module called \module{foo}, contained in a file \file{foo.py}, then your setup script can be as -little as this: +simple as this: \begin{verbatim} from distutils.core import setup @@ -99,11 +99,11 @@ Some observations: \item most information that you supply to the Distutils is supplied as keyword arguments to the \function{setup()} function \item those keyword arguments fall into two categories: package - meta-data (name, version number) and information about what's in the + metadata (name, version number) and information about what's in the package (a list of pure Python modules, in this case) \item modules are specified by module name, not filename (the same will hold true for packages and extensions) -\item it's recommended that you supply a little more meta-data, in +\item it's recommended that you supply a little more metadata, in particular your name, email address and a URL for the project (see section~\ref{setup-script} for an example) \end{itemize} @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ python setup.py sdist \end{verbatim} which will create an archive file (e.g., tarball on \UNIX, ZIP file on -Windows) containing your setup script, \file{setup.py}, and your module, +Windows) containing your setup script \file{setup.py}, and your module \file{foo.py}. The archive file will be named \file{foo-1.0.tar.gz} (or \file{.zip}), and will unpack into a directory \file{foo-1.0}. @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ which will ultimately copy \file{foo.py} to the appropriate directory for third-party modules in their Python installation. This simple example demonstrates some fundamental concepts of the -Distutils: first, both developers and installers have the same basic +Distutils. First, both developers and installers have the same basic user interface, i.e. the setup script. The difference is which Distutils \emph{commands} they use: the \command{sdist} command is almost exclusively for module developers, while \command{install} is @@ -155,16 +155,17 @@ current directory. Other useful built distribution formats are RPM, implemented by the \command{bdist\_rpm} command, Solaris \program{pkgtool} -(\command{bdist\_pkgtool}, and HP-UX \program{swinstall} (\command{bdist_sdux}). -For example, the following command will create an RPM file called -\file{foo-1.0.noarch.rpm}: +(\command{bdist\_pkgtool}), and HP-UX \program{swinstall} +(\command{bdist_sdux}). For example, the following command will +create an RPM file called \file{foo-1.0.noarch.rpm}: \begin{verbatim} python setup.py bdist_rpm \end{verbatim} -(This uses the \command{rpm} command, so has to be run on an RPM-based -system such as Red Hat Linux, SuSE Linux, or Mandrake Linux.) +(The \command{bdist\_rpm} command uses the \command{rpm} executable, +therefore this has to be run on an RPM-based system such as Red Hat +Linux, SuSE Linux, or Mandrake Linux.) You can find out what distribution formats are available at any time by running @@ -209,7 +210,7 @@ following glossary of common Python terms: third-party modules that don't belong to a larger module collection. Unlike regular packages, modules in the root package can be found in many directories: in fact, every directory listed in \code{sys.path} - can contribute modules to the root package. + contributes modules to the root package. \end{description} @@ -277,7 +278,7 @@ setup(name="Distutils", There are only two differences between this and the trivial one-file distribution presented in section~\ref{simple-example}: more -meta-data, and the specification of pure Python modules by package, +metadata, and the specification of pure Python modules by package, rather than by module. This is important since the Distutils consist of a couple of dozen modules split into (so far) two packages; an explicit list of every module would be tedious to generate and difficult to @@ -294,16 +295,18 @@ this document are slash-separated. (MacOS programmers should keep in mind that the \emph{absence} of a leading slash indicates a relative path, the opposite of the MacOS convention with colons.) -This, of course, only applies to pathnames given to Distutils functions. -If you, for example, use standard python functions such as \function{glob.glob} -or \function{os.listdir} to specify files, you should be careful to write portable -code instead of hardcoding path separators: +This, of course, only applies to pathnames given to Distutils +functions. If you, for example, use standard python functions such as +\function{glob.glob} or \function{os.listdir} to specify files, you +should be careful to write portable code instead of hardcoding path +separators: \begin{verbatim} glob.glob(os.path.join('mydir', 'subdir', '*.html')) os.listdir(os.path.join('mydir', 'subdir')) \end{verbatim} + \subsection{Listing whole packages} \label{listing-packages} @@ -317,15 +320,15 @@ obvious one, i.e. package \module{distutils} is found in the directory \code{packages = ['foo']} in your setup script, you are promising that the Distutils will find a file \file{foo/\_\_init\_\_.py} (which might be spelled differently on your system, but you get the idea) relative to -the directory where your setup script lives. (If you break this -promise, the Distutils will issue a warning but process the broken -package anyways.) +the directory where your setup script lives. If you break this +promise, the Distutils will issue a warning but still process the broken +package anyways. If you use a different convention to lay out your source directory, that's no problem: you just have to supply the \option{package\_dir} option to tell the Distutils about your convention. For example, say you keep all Python source under \file{lib}, so that modules in the -``root package'' (i.e., not in any package at all) are right in +``root package'' (i.e., not in any package at all) are in \file{lib}, modules in the \module{foo} package are in \file{lib/foo}, and so forth. Then you would put @@ -383,6 +386,7 @@ the \option{package\_dir} option. \subsection{Describing extension modules} \label{describing-extensions} +% XXX read over this section Just as writing Python extension modules is a bit more complicated than writing pure Python modules, describing them to the Distutils is a bit more complicated. Unlike pure modules, it's not enough just to list @@ -617,11 +621,11 @@ is not needed when building compiled extensions: Distutils will automatically add \code{initmodule} to the list of exported symbols. -\subsection{Listing scripts} +\subsection{Installing Scripts} So far we have been dealing with pure and non-pure Python modules, which are usually not run by themselves but imported by scripts. -Scripts are files containing Python source code, indended to be +Scripts are files containing Python source code, intended to be started from the command line. Scripts don't require Distutils to do anything very complicated. The only clever feature is that if the first line of the script starts with \code{\#!} and contains the word @@ -629,14 +633,21 @@ first line of the script starts with \code{\#!} and contains the word current interpreter location. The \option{scripts} option simply is a list of files to be handled -in this way. +in this way. From the PyXML setup script: + +\begin{verbatim} +setup (... + scripts = ['scripts/xmlproc_parse', 'scripts/xmlproc_val'] + ) +\end{verbatim} -\subsection{Listing additional files} +\subsection{Installing Additional Files} The \option{data\_files} option can be used to specify additional -files needed by the module distribution: configuration files, -data files, anything which does not fit in the previous categories. +files needed by the module distribution: configuration files, message +catalogs, data files, anything which doesn't fit in the previous +categories. \option{data\_files} specifies a sequence of (\var{directory}, \var{files}) pairs in the following way: @@ -644,7 +655,9 @@ data files, anything which does not fit in the previous categories. \begin{verbatim} setup(... data_files=[('bitmaps', ['bm/b1.gif', 'bm/b2.gif']), - ('config', ['cfg/data.cfg'])]) + ('config', ['cfg/data.cfg']), + ('/etc/init.d', ['init-script'])] + ) \end{verbatim} Note that you can specify the directory names where the data files @@ -739,9 +752,6 @@ Options for 'build_ext' command: [...] \end{verbatim} -Or consult section \ref{reference} of this document (the command -reference). - Note that an option spelled \longprogramopt{foo-bar} on the command-line is spelled \option{foo\_bar} in configuration files. @@ -1258,10 +1268,10 @@ extending the Distutils.) Executable installers are the natural format for binary distributions on Windows. They display a nice graphical user interface, display some information about the module distribution to be installed taken -from the meta-data in the setup script, let the user select a few +from the metadata in the setup script, let the user select a few (currently maybe too few) options, and start or cancel the installation. -Since the meta-data is taken from the setup script, creating +Since the metadata is taken from the setup script, creating Windows installers is usually as easy as running: \begin{verbatim} |