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Diffstat (limited to 'Doc/faq/design.rst')
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/faq/design.rst | 20 |
1 files changed, 11 insertions, 9 deletions
diff --git a/Doc/faq/design.rst b/Doc/faq/design.rst index 7c5116d..6b8a8fd 100644 --- a/Doc/faq/design.rst +++ b/Doc/faq/design.rst @@ -515,14 +515,16 @@ far) under most circumstances, and the implementation is simpler. Dictionaries work by computing a hash code for each key stored in the dictionary using the :func:`hash` built-in function. The hash code varies widely depending -on the key; for example, "Python" hashes to -539294296 while "python", a string -that differs by a single bit, hashes to 1142331976. The hash code is then used -to calculate a location in an internal array where the value will be stored. -Assuming that you're storing keys that all have different hash values, this -means that dictionaries take constant time -- O(1), in computer science notation --- to retrieve a key. It also means that no sorted order of the keys is -maintained, and traversing the array as the ``.keys()`` and ``.items()`` do will -output the dictionary's content in some arbitrary jumbled order. +on the key and a per-process seed; for example, "Python" could hash to +-539294296 while "python", a string that differs by a single bit, could hash +to 1142331976. The hash code is then used to calculate a location in an +internal array where the value will be stored. Assuming that you're storing +keys that all have different hash values, this means that dictionaries take +constant time -- O(1), in computer science notation -- to retrieve a key. It +also means that no sorted order of the keys is maintained, and traversing the +array as the ``.keys()`` and ``.items()`` do will output the dictionary's +content in some arbitrary jumbled order that can change with every invocation of +a program. Why must dictionary keys be immutable? @@ -634,7 +636,7 @@ construction of large programs. Python 2.6 adds an :mod:`abc` module that lets you define Abstract Base Classes (ABCs). You can then use :func:`isinstance` and :func:`issubclass` to check whether an instance or a class implements a particular ABC. The -:mod:`collections` module defines a set of useful ABCs such as +:mod:`collections.abc` module defines a set of useful ABCs such as :class:`Iterable`, :class:`Container`, and :class:`MutableMapping`. For Python, many of the advantages of interface specifications can be obtained |