diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Doc/includes')
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/includes/email-alternative-new-api.py | 56 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/includes/email-dir.py | 86 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/includes/email-read-alternative-new-api.py | 74 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/includes/email-unpack.py | 45 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/includes/mp_benchmarks.py | 239 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/includes/mp_newtype.py | 14 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/includes/mp_pool.py | 337 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/includes/mp_synchronize.py | 278 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/includes/mp_webserver.py | 70 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/includes/mp_workers.py | 13 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/includes/typestruct.h | 7 |
11 files changed, 277 insertions, 942 deletions
diff --git a/Doc/includes/email-alternative-new-api.py b/Doc/includes/email-alternative-new-api.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c1255a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/Doc/includes/email-alternative-new-api.py @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 + +import smtplib + +from email.message import EmailMessage +from email.headerregistry import Address +from email.utils import make_msgid + +# Create the base text message. +msg = EmailMessage() +msg['Subject'] = "Ayons asperges pour le déjeuner" +msg['From'] = Address("Pepé Le Pew", "pepe@example.com") +msg['To'] = (Address("Penelope Pussycat", "penelope@example.com"), + Address("Fabrette Pussycat", "fabrette@example.com")) +msg.set_content("""\ +Salut! + +Cela ressemble à un excellent recipie[1] déjeuner. + +[1] http://www.yummly.com/recipe/Roasted-Asparagus-Epicurious-203718 + +--Pepé +""") + +# Add the html version. This converts the message into a multipart/alternative +# container, with the original text message as the first part and the new html +# message as the second part. +asparagus_cid = make_msgid() +msg.add_alternative("""\ +<html> + <head></head> + <body> + <p>Salut!<\p> + <p>Cela ressemble à un excellent + <a href="http://www.yummly.com/recipe/Roasted-Asparagus-Epicurious-203718> + recipie + </a> déjeuner. + </p> + <img src="cid:{asparagus_cid}" \> + </body> +</html> +""".format(asparagus_cid=asparagus_cid[1:-1]), subtype='html') +# note that we needed to peel the <> off the msgid for use in the html. + +# Now add the related image to the html part. +with open("roasted-asparagus.jpg", 'rb') as img: + msg.get_payload()[1].add_related(img.read(), 'image', 'jpeg', + cid=asparagus_cid) + +# Make a local copy of what we are going to send. +with open('outgoing.msg', 'wb') as f: + f.write(bytes(msg)) + +# Send the message via local SMTP server. +with smtplib.SMTP('localhost') as s: + s.send_message(msg) diff --git a/Doc/includes/email-dir.py b/Doc/includes/email-dir.py index cc5529e..3c7c770 100644 --- a/Doc/includes/email-dir.py +++ b/Doc/includes/email-dir.py @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import smtplib # For guessing MIME type based on file name extension import mimetypes -from optparse import OptionParser +from argparse import ArgumentParser from email import encoders from email.message import Message @@ -22,44 +22,36 @@ COMMASPACE = ', ' def main(): - parser = OptionParser(usage="""\ + parser = ArgumentParser(description="""\ Send the contents of a directory as a MIME message. - -Usage: %prog [options] - Unless the -o option is given, the email is sent by forwarding to your local SMTP server, which then does the normal delivery process. Your local machine must be running an SMTP server. """) - parser.add_option('-d', '--directory', - type='string', action='store', - help="""Mail the contents of the specified directory, - otherwise use the current directory. Only the regular - files in the directory are sent, and we don't recurse to - subdirectories.""") - parser.add_option('-o', '--output', - type='string', action='store', metavar='FILE', - help="""Print the composed message to FILE instead of - sending the message to the SMTP server.""") - parser.add_option('-s', '--sender', - type='string', action='store', metavar='SENDER', - help='The value of the From: header (required)') - parser.add_option('-r', '--recipient', - type='string', action='append', metavar='RECIPIENT', - default=[], dest='recipients', - help='A To: header value (at least one required)') - opts, args = parser.parse_args() - if not opts.sender or not opts.recipients: - parser.print_help() - sys.exit(1) - directory = opts.directory + parser.add_argument('-d', '--directory', + help="""Mail the contents of the specified directory, + otherwise use the current directory. Only the regular + files in the directory are sent, and we don't recurse to + subdirectories.""") + parser.add_argument('-o', '--output', + metavar='FILE', + help="""Print the composed message to FILE instead of + sending the message to the SMTP server.""") + parser.add_argument('-s', '--sender', required=True, + help='The value of the From: header (required)') + parser.add_argument('-r', '--recipient', required=True, + action='append', metavar='RECIPIENT', + default=[], dest='recipients', + help='A To: header value (at least one required)') + args = parser.parse_args() + directory = args.directory if not directory: directory = '.' # Create the enclosing (outer) message outer = MIMEMultipart() outer['Subject'] = 'Contents of directory %s' % os.path.abspath(directory) - outer['To'] = COMMASPACE.join(opts.recipients) - outer['From'] = opts.sender + outer['To'] = COMMASPACE.join(args.recipients) + outer['From'] = args.sender outer.preamble = 'You will not see this in a MIME-aware mail reader.\n' for filename in os.listdir(directory): @@ -76,23 +68,19 @@ must be running an SMTP server. ctype = 'application/octet-stream' maintype, subtype = ctype.split('/', 1) if maintype == 'text': - fp = open(path) - # Note: we should handle calculating the charset - msg = MIMEText(fp.read(), _subtype=subtype) - fp.close() + with open(path) as fp: + # Note: we should handle calculating the charset + msg = MIMEText(fp.read(), _subtype=subtype) elif maintype == 'image': - fp = open(path, 'rb') - msg = MIMEImage(fp.read(), _subtype=subtype) - fp.close() + with open(path, 'rb') as fp: + msg = MIMEImage(fp.read(), _subtype=subtype) elif maintype == 'audio': - fp = open(path, 'rb') - msg = MIMEAudio(fp.read(), _subtype=subtype) - fp.close() + with open(path, 'rb') as fp: + msg = MIMEAudio(fp.read(), _subtype=subtype) else: - fp = open(path, 'rb') - msg = MIMEBase(maintype, subtype) - msg.set_payload(fp.read()) - fp.close() + with open(path, 'rb') as fp: + msg = MIMEBase(maintype, subtype) + msg.set_payload(fp.read()) # Encode the payload using Base64 encoders.encode_base64(msg) # Set the filename parameter @@ -100,14 +88,12 @@ must be running an SMTP server. outer.attach(msg) # Now send or store the message composed = outer.as_string() - if opts.output: - fp = open(opts.output, 'w') - fp.write(composed) - fp.close() + if args.output: + with open(args.output, 'w') as fp: + fp.write(composed) else: - s = smtplib.SMTP('localhost') - s.sendmail(opts.sender, opts.recipients, composed) - s.quit() + with smtplib.SMTP('localhost') as s: + s.sendmail(args.sender, args.recipients, composed) if __name__ == '__main__': diff --git a/Doc/includes/email-read-alternative-new-api.py b/Doc/includes/email-read-alternative-new-api.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8ab4e9f --- /dev/null +++ b/Doc/includes/email-read-alternative-new-api.py @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +import os +import sys +import tempfile +import mimetypes +import webbrowser + +# Import the email modules we'll need +from email import policy +from email.parser import BytesParser + +# An imaginary module that would make this work and be safe. +from imaginary import magic_html_parser + +# In a real program you'd get the filename from the arguments. +msg = BytesParser(policy=policy.default).parse(open('outgoing.msg', 'rb')) + +# Now the header items can be accessed as a dictionary, and any non-ASCII will +# be converted to unicode: +print('To:', msg['to']) +print('From:', msg['from']) +print('Subject:', msg['subject']) + +# If we want to print a priview of the message content, we can extract whatever +# the least formatted payload is and print the first three lines. Of course, +# if the message has no plain text part printing the first three lines of html +# is probably useless, but this is just a conceptual example. +simplest = msg.get_body(preferencelist=('plain', 'html')) +print() +print(''.join(simplest.get_content().splitlines(keepends=True)[:3])) + +ans = input("View full message?") +if ans.lower()[0] == 'n': + sys.exit() + +# We can extract the richest alternative in order to display it: +richest = msg.get_body() +partfiles = {} +if richest['content-type'].maintype == 'text': + if richest['content-type'].subtype == 'plain': + for line in richest.get_content().splitlines(): + print(line) + sys.exit() + elif richest['content-type'].subtype == 'html': + body = richest + else: + print("Don't know how to display {}".format(richest.get_content_type())) + sys.exit() +elif richest['content-type'].content_type == 'multipart/related': + body = richest.get_body(preferencelist=('html')) + for part in richest.iter_attachments(): + fn = part.get_filename() + if fn: + extension = os.path.splitext(part.get_filename())[1] + else: + extension = mimetypes.guess_extension(part.get_content_type()) + with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=extension, delete=False) as f: + f.write(part.get_content()) + # again strip the <> to go from email form of cid to html form. + partfiles[part['content-id'][1:-1]] = f.name +else: + print("Don't know how to display {}".format(richest.get_content_type())) + sys.exit() +with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w', delete=False) as f: + # The magic_html_parser has to rewrite the href="cid:...." attributes to + # point to the filenames in partfiles. It also has to do a safety-sanitize + # of the html. It could be written using html.parser. + f.write(magic_html_parser(body.get_content(), partfiles)) +webbrowser.open(f.name) +os.remove(f.name) +for fn in partfiles.values(): + os.remove(fn) + +# Of course, there are lots of email messages that could break this simple +# minded program, but it will handle the most common ones. diff --git a/Doc/includes/email-unpack.py b/Doc/includes/email-unpack.py index 3653543..574a0b6 100644 --- a/Doc/includes/email-unpack.py +++ b/Doc/includes/email-unpack.py @@ -8,41 +8,27 @@ import email import errno import mimetypes -from optparse import OptionParser +from argparse import ArgumentParser def main(): - parser = OptionParser(usage="""\ + parser = ArgumentParser(description="""\ Unpack a MIME message into a directory of files. - -Usage: %prog [options] msgfile """) - parser.add_option('-d', '--directory', - type='string', action='store', - help="""Unpack the MIME message into the named - directory, which will be created if it doesn't already - exist.""") - opts, args = parser.parse_args() - if not opts.directory: - parser.print_help() - sys.exit(1) + parser.add_argument('-d', '--directory', required=True, + help="""Unpack the MIME message into the named + directory, which will be created if it doesn't already + exist.""") + parser.add_argument('msgfile') + args = parser.parse_args() - try: - msgfile = args[0] - except IndexError: - parser.print_help() - sys.exit(1) + with open(args.msgfile) as fp: + msg = email.message_from_file(fp) try: - os.mkdir(opts.directory) - except OSError as e: - # Ignore directory exists error - if e.errno != errno.EEXIST: - raise - - fp = open(msgfile) - msg = email.message_from_file(fp) - fp.close() + os.mkdir(args.directory) + except FileExistsError: + pass counter = 1 for part in msg.walk(): @@ -59,9 +45,8 @@ Usage: %prog [options] msgfile ext = '.bin' filename = 'part-%03d%s' % (counter, ext) counter += 1 - fp = open(os.path.join(opts.directory, filename), 'wb') - fp.write(part.get_payload(decode=True)) - fp.close() + with open(os.path.join(args.directory, filename), 'wb') as fp: + fp.write(part.get_payload(decode=True)) if __name__ == '__main__': diff --git a/Doc/includes/mp_benchmarks.py b/Doc/includes/mp_benchmarks.py deleted file mode 100644 index 3763ea9..0000000 --- a/Doc/includes/mp_benchmarks.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,239 +0,0 @@ -# -# Simple benchmarks for the multiprocessing package -# -# Copyright (c) 2006-2008, R Oudkerk -# All rights reserved. -# - -import time -import multiprocessing -import threading -import queue -import gc - -_timer = time.perf_counter - -delta = 1 - - -#### TEST_QUEUESPEED - -def queuespeed_func(q, c, iterations): - a = '0' * 256 - c.acquire() - c.notify() - c.release() - - for i in range(iterations): - q.put(a) - - q.put('STOP') - -def test_queuespeed(Process, q, c): - elapsed = 0 - iterations = 1 - - while elapsed < delta: - iterations *= 2 - - p = Process(target=queuespeed_func, args=(q, c, iterations)) - c.acquire() - p.start() - c.wait() - c.release() - - result = None - t = _timer() - - while result != 'STOP': - result = q.get() - - elapsed = _timer() - t - - p.join() - - print(iterations, 'objects passed through the queue in', elapsed, 'seconds') - print('average number/sec:', iterations/elapsed) - - -#### TEST_PIPESPEED - -def pipe_func(c, cond, iterations): - a = '0' * 256 - cond.acquire() - cond.notify() - cond.release() - - for i in range(iterations): - c.send(a) - - c.send('STOP') - -def test_pipespeed(): - c, d = multiprocessing.Pipe() - cond = multiprocessing.Condition() - elapsed = 0 - iterations = 1 - - while elapsed < delta: - iterations *= 2 - - p = multiprocessing.Process(target=pipe_func, - args=(d, cond, iterations)) - cond.acquire() - p.start() - cond.wait() - cond.release() - - result = None - t = _timer() - - while result != 'STOP': - result = c.recv() - - elapsed = _timer() - t - p.join() - - print(iterations, 'objects passed through connection in',elapsed,'seconds') - print('average number/sec:', iterations/elapsed) - - -#### TEST_SEQSPEED - -def test_seqspeed(seq): - elapsed = 0 - iterations = 1 - - while elapsed < delta: - iterations *= 2 - - t = _timer() - - for i in range(iterations): - a = seq[5] - - elapsed = _timer() - t - - print(iterations, 'iterations in', elapsed, 'seconds') - print('average number/sec:', iterations/elapsed) - - -#### TEST_LOCK - -def test_lockspeed(l): - elapsed = 0 - iterations = 1 - - while elapsed < delta: - iterations *= 2 - - t = _timer() - - for i in range(iterations): - l.acquire() - l.release() - - elapsed = _timer() - t - - print(iterations, 'iterations in', elapsed, 'seconds') - print('average number/sec:', iterations/elapsed) - - -#### TEST_CONDITION - -def conditionspeed_func(c, N): - c.acquire() - c.notify() - - for i in range(N): - c.wait() - c.notify() - - c.release() - -def test_conditionspeed(Process, c): - elapsed = 0 - iterations = 1 - - while elapsed < delta: - iterations *= 2 - - c.acquire() - p = Process(target=conditionspeed_func, args=(c, iterations)) - p.start() - - c.wait() - - t = _timer() - - for i in range(iterations): - c.notify() - c.wait() - - elapsed = _timer() - t - - c.release() - p.join() - - print(iterations * 2, 'waits in', elapsed, 'seconds') - print('average number/sec:', iterations * 2 / elapsed) - -#### - -def test(): - manager = multiprocessing.Manager() - - gc.disable() - - print('\n\t######## testing Queue.Queue\n') - test_queuespeed(threading.Thread, queue.Queue(), - threading.Condition()) - print('\n\t######## testing multiprocessing.Queue\n') - test_queuespeed(multiprocessing.Process, multiprocessing.Queue(), - multiprocessing.Condition()) - print('\n\t######## testing Queue managed by server process\n') - test_queuespeed(multiprocessing.Process, manager.Queue(), - manager.Condition()) - print('\n\t######## testing multiprocessing.Pipe\n') - test_pipespeed() - - print() - - print('\n\t######## testing list\n') - test_seqspeed(list(range(10))) - print('\n\t######## testing list managed by server process\n') - test_seqspeed(manager.list(list(range(10)))) - print('\n\t######## testing Array("i", ..., lock=False)\n') - test_seqspeed(multiprocessing.Array('i', list(range(10)), lock=False)) - print('\n\t######## testing Array("i", ..., lock=True)\n') - test_seqspeed(multiprocessing.Array('i', list(range(10)), lock=True)) - - print() - - print('\n\t######## testing threading.Lock\n') - test_lockspeed(threading.Lock()) - print('\n\t######## testing threading.RLock\n') - test_lockspeed(threading.RLock()) - print('\n\t######## testing multiprocessing.Lock\n') - test_lockspeed(multiprocessing.Lock()) - print('\n\t######## testing multiprocessing.RLock\n') - test_lockspeed(multiprocessing.RLock()) - print('\n\t######## testing lock managed by server process\n') - test_lockspeed(manager.Lock()) - print('\n\t######## testing rlock managed by server process\n') - test_lockspeed(manager.RLock()) - - print() - - print('\n\t######## testing threading.Condition\n') - test_conditionspeed(threading.Thread, threading.Condition()) - print('\n\t######## testing multiprocessing.Condition\n') - test_conditionspeed(multiprocessing.Process, multiprocessing.Condition()) - print('\n\t######## testing condition managed by a server process\n') - test_conditionspeed(multiprocessing.Process, manager.Condition()) - - gc.enable() - -if __name__ == '__main__': - multiprocessing.freeze_support() - test() diff --git a/Doc/includes/mp_newtype.py b/Doc/includes/mp_newtype.py index 7291743..1c796a5 100644 --- a/Doc/includes/mp_newtype.py +++ b/Doc/includes/mp_newtype.py @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -# -# This module shows how to use arbitrary callables with a subclass of -# `BaseManager`. -# -# Copyright (c) 2006-2008, R Oudkerk -# All rights reserved. -# - from multiprocessing import freeze_support from multiprocessing.managers import BaseManager, BaseProxy import operator @@ -27,12 +19,10 @@ def baz(): # Proxy type for generator objects class GeneratorProxy(BaseProxy): - _exposed_ = ('next', '__next__') + _exposed_ = ['__next__'] def __iter__(self): return self def __next__(self): - return self._callmethod('next') - def __next__(self): return self._callmethod('__next__') # Function to return the operator module @@ -90,8 +80,6 @@ def test(): op = manager.operator() print('op.add(23, 45) =', op.add(23, 45)) print('op.pow(2, 94) =', op.pow(2, 94)) - print('op.getslice(range(10), 2, 6) =', op.getslice(list(range(10)), 2, 6)) - print('op.repeat(range(5), 3) =', op.repeat(list(range(5)), 3)) print('op._exposed_ =', op._exposed_) ## diff --git a/Doc/includes/mp_pool.py b/Doc/includes/mp_pool.py index 1578498..11101e1 100644 --- a/Doc/includes/mp_pool.py +++ b/Doc/includes/mp_pool.py @@ -1,10 +1,3 @@ -# -# A test of `multiprocessing.Pool` class -# -# Copyright (c) 2006-2008, R Oudkerk -# All rights reserved. -# - import multiprocessing import time import random @@ -46,269 +39,115 @@ def noop(x): # def test(): - print('cpu_count() = %d\n' % multiprocessing.cpu_count()) - - # - # Create pool - # - PROCESSES = 4 print('Creating pool with %d processes\n' % PROCESSES) - pool = multiprocessing.Pool(PROCESSES) - print('pool = %s' % pool) - print() - - # - # Tests - # - - TASKS = [(mul, (i, 7)) for i in range(10)] + \ - [(plus, (i, 8)) for i in range(10)] - - results = [pool.apply_async(calculate, t) for t in TASKS] - imap_it = pool.imap(calculatestar, TASKS) - imap_unordered_it = pool.imap_unordered(calculatestar, TASKS) - - print('Ordered results using pool.apply_async():') - for r in results: - print('\t', r.get()) - print() - - print('Ordered results using pool.imap():') - for x in imap_it: - print('\t', x) - print() - - print('Unordered results using pool.imap_unordered():') - for x in imap_unordered_it: - print('\t', x) - print() - - print('Ordered results using pool.map() --- will block till complete:') - for x in pool.map(calculatestar, TASKS): - print('\t', x) - print() - - # - # Simple benchmarks - # - - N = 100000 - print('def pow3(x): return x**3') - t = time.time() - A = list(map(pow3, range(N))) - print('\tmap(pow3, range(%d)):\n\t\t%s seconds' % \ - (N, time.time() - t)) + with multiprocessing.Pool(PROCESSES) as pool: + # + # Tests + # - t = time.time() - B = pool.map(pow3, range(N)) - print('\tpool.map(pow3, range(%d)):\n\t\t%s seconds' % \ - (N, time.time() - t)) + TASKS = [(mul, (i, 7)) for i in range(10)] + \ + [(plus, (i, 8)) for i in range(10)] - t = time.time() - C = list(pool.imap(pow3, range(N), chunksize=N//8)) - print('\tlist(pool.imap(pow3, range(%d), chunksize=%d)):\n\t\t%s' \ - ' seconds' % (N, N//8, time.time() - t)) + results = [pool.apply_async(calculate, t) for t in TASKS] + imap_it = pool.imap(calculatestar, TASKS) + imap_unordered_it = pool.imap_unordered(calculatestar, TASKS) - assert A == B == C, (len(A), len(B), len(C)) - print() + print('Ordered results using pool.apply_async():') + for r in results: + print('\t', r.get()) + print() - L = [None] * 1000000 - print('def noop(x): pass') - print('L = [None] * 1000000') + print('Ordered results using pool.imap():') + for x in imap_it: + print('\t', x) + print() - t = time.time() - A = list(map(noop, L)) - print('\tmap(noop, L):\n\t\t%s seconds' % \ - (time.time() - t)) + print('Unordered results using pool.imap_unordered():') + for x in imap_unordered_it: + print('\t', x) + print() - t = time.time() - B = pool.map(noop, L) - print('\tpool.map(noop, L):\n\t\t%s seconds' % \ - (time.time() - t)) + print('Ordered results using pool.map() --- will block till complete:') + for x in pool.map(calculatestar, TASKS): + print('\t', x) + print() - t = time.time() - C = list(pool.imap(noop, L, chunksize=len(L)//8)) - print('\tlist(pool.imap(noop, L, chunksize=%d)):\n\t\t%s seconds' % \ - (len(L)//8, time.time() - t)) + # + # Test error handling + # - assert A == B == C, (len(A), len(B), len(C)) - print() + print('Testing error handling:') - del A, B, C, L - - # - # Test error handling - # - - print('Testing error handling:') - - try: - print(pool.apply(f, (5,))) - except ZeroDivisionError: - print('\tGot ZeroDivisionError as expected from pool.apply()') - else: - raise AssertionError('expected ZeroDivisionError') - - try: - print(pool.map(f, list(range(10)))) - except ZeroDivisionError: - print('\tGot ZeroDivisionError as expected from pool.map()') - else: - raise AssertionError('expected ZeroDivisionError') - - try: - print(list(pool.imap(f, list(range(10))))) - except ZeroDivisionError: - print('\tGot ZeroDivisionError as expected from list(pool.imap())') - else: - raise AssertionError('expected ZeroDivisionError') - - it = pool.imap(f, list(range(10))) - for i in range(10): try: - x = next(it) + print(pool.apply(f, (5,))) except ZeroDivisionError: - if i == 5: - pass - except StopIteration: - break + print('\tGot ZeroDivisionError as expected from pool.apply()') else: - if i == 5: - raise AssertionError('expected ZeroDivisionError') - - assert i == 9 - print('\tGot ZeroDivisionError as expected from IMapIterator.next()') - print() + raise AssertionError('expected ZeroDivisionError') - # - # Testing timeouts - # - - print('Testing ApplyResult.get() with timeout:', end=' ') - res = pool.apply_async(calculate, TASKS[0]) - while 1: - sys.stdout.flush() try: - sys.stdout.write('\n\t%s' % res.get(0.02)) - break - except multiprocessing.TimeoutError: - sys.stdout.write('.') - print() - print() + print(pool.map(f, list(range(10)))) + except ZeroDivisionError: + print('\tGot ZeroDivisionError as expected from pool.map()') + else: + raise AssertionError('expected ZeroDivisionError') - print('Testing IMapIterator.next() with timeout:', end=' ') - it = pool.imap(calculatestar, TASKS) - while 1: - sys.stdout.flush() try: - sys.stdout.write('\n\t%s' % it.next(0.02)) - except StopIteration: - break - except multiprocessing.TimeoutError: - sys.stdout.write('.') - print() - print() - - # - # Testing callback - # - - print('Testing callback:') - - A = [] - B = [56, 0, 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, 512, 729] - - r = pool.apply_async(mul, (7, 8), callback=A.append) - r.wait() - - r = pool.map_async(pow3, list(range(10)), callback=A.extend) - r.wait() - - if A == B: - print('\tcallbacks succeeded\n') - else: - print('\t*** callbacks failed\n\t\t%s != %s\n' % (A, B)) - - # - # Check there are no outstanding tasks - # - - assert not pool._cache, 'cache = %r' % pool._cache - - # - # Check close() methods - # - - print('Testing close():') - - for worker in pool._pool: - assert worker.is_alive() - - result = pool.apply_async(time.sleep, [0.5]) - pool.close() - pool.join() - - assert result.get() is None - - for worker in pool._pool: - assert not worker.is_alive() - - print('\tclose() succeeded\n') - - # - # Check terminate() method - # - - print('Testing terminate():') - - pool = multiprocessing.Pool(2) - DELTA = 0.1 - ignore = pool.apply(pow3, [2]) - results = [pool.apply_async(time.sleep, [DELTA]) for i in range(100)] - pool.terminate() - pool.join() - - for worker in pool._pool: - assert not worker.is_alive() - - print('\tterminate() succeeded\n') - - # - # Check garbage collection - # - - print('Testing garbage collection:') - - pool = multiprocessing.Pool(2) - DELTA = 0.1 - processes = pool._pool - ignore = pool.apply(pow3, [2]) - results = [pool.apply_async(time.sleep, [DELTA]) for i in range(100)] - - results = pool = None - - time.sleep(DELTA * 2) - - for worker in processes: - assert not worker.is_alive() - - print('\tgarbage collection succeeded\n') + print(list(pool.imap(f, list(range(10))))) + except ZeroDivisionError: + print('\tGot ZeroDivisionError as expected from list(pool.imap())') + else: + raise AssertionError('expected ZeroDivisionError') + + it = pool.imap(f, list(range(10))) + for i in range(10): + try: + x = next(it) + except ZeroDivisionError: + if i == 5: + pass + except StopIteration: + break + else: + if i == 5: + raise AssertionError('expected ZeroDivisionError') + + assert i == 9 + print('\tGot ZeroDivisionError as expected from IMapIterator.next()') + print() + + # + # Testing timeouts + # + + print('Testing ApplyResult.get() with timeout:', end=' ') + res = pool.apply_async(calculate, TASKS[0]) + while 1: + sys.stdout.flush() + try: + sys.stdout.write('\n\t%s' % res.get(0.02)) + break + except multiprocessing.TimeoutError: + sys.stdout.write('.') + print() + print() + + print('Testing IMapIterator.next() with timeout:', end=' ') + it = pool.imap(calculatestar, TASKS) + while 1: + sys.stdout.flush() + try: + sys.stdout.write('\n\t%s' % it.next(0.02)) + except StopIteration: + break + except multiprocessing.TimeoutError: + sys.stdout.write('.') + print() + print() if __name__ == '__main__': multiprocessing.freeze_support() - - assert len(sys.argv) in (1, 2) - - if len(sys.argv) == 1 or sys.argv[1] == 'processes': - print(' Using processes '.center(79, '-')) - elif sys.argv[1] == 'threads': - print(' Using threads '.center(79, '-')) - import multiprocessing.dummy as multiprocessing - else: - print('Usage:\n\t%s [processes | threads]' % sys.argv[0]) - raise SystemExit(2) - test() diff --git a/Doc/includes/mp_synchronize.py b/Doc/includes/mp_synchronize.py deleted file mode 100644 index 81dbc38..0000000 --- a/Doc/includes/mp_synchronize.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,278 +0,0 @@ -# -# A test file for the `multiprocessing` package -# -# Copyright (c) 2006-2008, R Oudkerk -# All rights reserved. -# - -import time -import sys -import random -from queue import Empty - -import multiprocessing # may get overwritten - - -#### TEST_VALUE - -def value_func(running, mutex): - random.seed() - time.sleep(random.random()*4) - - mutex.acquire() - print('\n\t\t\t' + str(multiprocessing.current_process()) + ' has finished') - running.value -= 1 - mutex.release() - -def test_value(): - TASKS = 10 - running = multiprocessing.Value('i', TASKS) - mutex = multiprocessing.Lock() - - for i in range(TASKS): - p = multiprocessing.Process(target=value_func, args=(running, mutex)) - p.start() - - while running.value > 0: - time.sleep(0.08) - mutex.acquire() - print(running.value, end=' ') - sys.stdout.flush() - mutex.release() - - print() - print('No more running processes') - - -#### TEST_QUEUE - -def queue_func(queue): - for i in range(30): - time.sleep(0.5 * random.random()) - queue.put(i*i) - queue.put('STOP') - -def test_queue(): - q = multiprocessing.Queue() - - p = multiprocessing.Process(target=queue_func, args=(q,)) - p.start() - - o = None - while o != 'STOP': - try: - o = q.get(timeout=0.3) - print(o, end=' ') - sys.stdout.flush() - except Empty: - print('TIMEOUT') - - print() - - -#### TEST_CONDITION - -def condition_func(cond): - cond.acquire() - print('\t' + str(cond)) - time.sleep(2) - print('\tchild is notifying') - print('\t' + str(cond)) - cond.notify() - cond.release() - -def test_condition(): - cond = multiprocessing.Condition() - - p = multiprocessing.Process(target=condition_func, args=(cond,)) - print(cond) - - cond.acquire() - print(cond) - cond.acquire() - print(cond) - - p.start() - - print('main is waiting') - cond.wait() - print('main has woken up') - - print(cond) - cond.release() - print(cond) - cond.release() - - p.join() - print(cond) - - -#### TEST_SEMAPHORE - -def semaphore_func(sema, mutex, running): - sema.acquire() - - mutex.acquire() - running.value += 1 - print(running.value, 'tasks are running') - mutex.release() - - random.seed() - time.sleep(random.random()*2) - - mutex.acquire() - running.value -= 1 - print('%s has finished' % multiprocessing.current_process()) - mutex.release() - - sema.release() - -def test_semaphore(): - sema = multiprocessing.Semaphore(3) - mutex = multiprocessing.RLock() - running = multiprocessing.Value('i', 0) - - processes = [ - multiprocessing.Process(target=semaphore_func, - args=(sema, mutex, running)) - for i in range(10) - ] - - for p in processes: - p.start() - - for p in processes: - p.join() - - -#### TEST_JOIN_TIMEOUT - -def join_timeout_func(): - print('\tchild sleeping') - time.sleep(5.5) - print('\n\tchild terminating') - -def test_join_timeout(): - p = multiprocessing.Process(target=join_timeout_func) - p.start() - - print('waiting for process to finish') - - while 1: - p.join(timeout=1) - if not p.is_alive(): - break - print('.', end=' ') - sys.stdout.flush() - - -#### TEST_EVENT - -def event_func(event): - print('\t%r is waiting' % multiprocessing.current_process()) - event.wait() - print('\t%r has woken up' % multiprocessing.current_process()) - -def test_event(): - event = multiprocessing.Event() - - processes = [multiprocessing.Process(target=event_func, args=(event,)) - for i in range(5)] - - for p in processes: - p.start() - - print('main is sleeping') - time.sleep(2) - - print('main is setting event') - event.set() - - for p in processes: - p.join() - - -#### TEST_SHAREDVALUES - -def sharedvalues_func(values, arrays, shared_values, shared_arrays): - for i in range(len(values)): - v = values[i][1] - sv = shared_values[i].value - assert v == sv - - for i in range(len(values)): - a = arrays[i][1] - sa = list(shared_arrays[i][:]) - assert a == sa - - print('Tests passed') - -def test_sharedvalues(): - values = [ - ('i', 10), - ('h', -2), - ('d', 1.25) - ] - arrays = [ - ('i', list(range(100))), - ('d', [0.25 * i for i in range(100)]), - ('H', list(range(1000))) - ] - - shared_values = [multiprocessing.Value(id, v) for id, v in values] - shared_arrays = [multiprocessing.Array(id, a) for id, a in arrays] - - p = multiprocessing.Process( - target=sharedvalues_func, - args=(values, arrays, shared_values, shared_arrays) - ) - p.start() - p.join() - - assert p.exitcode == 0 - - -#### - -def test(namespace=multiprocessing): - global multiprocessing - - multiprocessing = namespace - - for func in [test_value, test_queue, test_condition, - test_semaphore, test_join_timeout, test_event, - test_sharedvalues]: - - print('\n\t######## %s\n' % func.__name__) - func() - - ignore = multiprocessing.active_children() # cleanup any old processes - if hasattr(multiprocessing, '_debug_info'): - info = multiprocessing._debug_info() - if info: - print(info) - raise ValueError('there should be no positive refcounts left') - - -if __name__ == '__main__': - multiprocessing.freeze_support() - - assert len(sys.argv) in (1, 2) - - if len(sys.argv) == 1 or sys.argv[1] == 'processes': - print(' Using processes '.center(79, '-')) - namespace = multiprocessing - elif sys.argv[1] == 'manager': - print(' Using processes and a manager '.center(79, '-')) - namespace = multiprocessing.Manager() - namespace.Process = multiprocessing.Process - namespace.current_process = multiprocessing.current_process - namespace.active_children = multiprocessing.active_children - elif sys.argv[1] == 'threads': - print(' Using threads '.center(79, '-')) - import multiprocessing.dummy as namespace - else: - print('Usage:\n\t%s [processes | manager | threads]' % sys.argv[0]) - raise SystemExit(2) - - test(namespace) diff --git a/Doc/includes/mp_webserver.py b/Doc/includes/mp_webserver.py deleted file mode 100644 index 651024d..0000000 --- a/Doc/includes/mp_webserver.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,70 +0,0 @@ -# -# Example where a pool of http servers share a single listening socket -# -# On Windows this module depends on the ability to pickle a socket -# object so that the worker processes can inherit a copy of the server -# object. (We import `multiprocessing.reduction` to enable this pickling.) -# -# Not sure if we should synchronize access to `socket.accept()` method by -# using a process-shared lock -- does not seem to be necessary. -# -# Copyright (c) 2006-2008, R Oudkerk -# All rights reserved. -# - -import os -import sys - -from multiprocessing import Process, current_process, freeze_support -from http.server import HTTPServer -from http.server import SimpleHTTPRequestHandler - -if sys.platform == 'win32': - import multiprocessing.reduction # make sockets pickable/inheritable - - -def note(format, *args): - sys.stderr.write('[%s]\t%s\n' % (current_process().name, format % args)) - - -class RequestHandler(SimpleHTTPRequestHandler): - # we override log_message() to show which process is handling the request - def log_message(self, format, *args): - note(format, *args) - -def serve_forever(server): - note('starting server') - try: - server.serve_forever() - except KeyboardInterrupt: - pass - - -def runpool(address, number_of_processes): - # create a single server object -- children will each inherit a copy - server = HTTPServer(address, RequestHandler) - - # create child processes to act as workers - for i in range(number_of_processes - 1): - Process(target=serve_forever, args=(server,)).start() - - # main process also acts as a worker - serve_forever(server) - - -def test(): - DIR = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..') - ADDRESS = ('localhost', 8000) - NUMBER_OF_PROCESSES = 4 - - print('Serving at http://%s:%d using %d worker processes' % \ - (ADDRESS[0], ADDRESS[1], NUMBER_OF_PROCESSES)) - print('To exit press Ctrl-' + ['C', 'Break'][sys.platform=='win32']) - - os.chdir(DIR) - runpool(ADDRESS, NUMBER_OF_PROCESSES) - - -if __name__ == '__main__': - freeze_support() - test() diff --git a/Doc/includes/mp_workers.py b/Doc/includes/mp_workers.py index e66d97b..3b92269 100644 --- a/Doc/includes/mp_workers.py +++ b/Doc/includes/mp_workers.py @@ -1,16 +1,3 @@ -# -# Simple example which uses a pool of workers to carry out some tasks. -# -# Notice that the results will probably not come out of the output -# queue in the same in the same order as the corresponding tasks were -# put on the input queue. If it is important to get the results back -# in the original order then consider using `Pool.map()` or -# `Pool.imap()` (which will save on the amount of code needed anyway). -# -# Copyright (c) 2006-2008, R Oudkerk -# All rights reserved. -# - import time import random diff --git a/Doc/includes/typestruct.h b/Doc/includes/typestruct.h index 32647c0..fcb846a 100644 --- a/Doc/includes/typestruct.h +++ b/Doc/includes/typestruct.h @@ -70,4 +70,11 @@ typedef struct _typeobject { PyObject *tp_subclasses; PyObject *tp_weaklist; + destructor tp_del; + + /* Type attribute cache version tag. Added in version 2.6 */ + unsigned int tp_version_tag; + + destructor tp_finalize; + } PyTypeObject; |