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-\section{\module{posix} ---
- The most common \POSIX{} system calls}
-
-\declaremodule{builtin}{posix}
- \platform{Unix}
-\modulesynopsis{The most common \POSIX\ system calls (normally used
- via module \refmodule{os}).}
-
-
-This module provides access to operating system functionality that is
-standardized by the C Standard and the \POSIX{} standard (a thinly
-disguised \UNIX{} interface).
-
-\strong{Do not import this module directly.} Instead, import the
-module \refmodule{os}, which provides a \emph{portable} version of this
-interface. On \UNIX, the \refmodule{os} module provides a superset of
-the \module{posix} interface. On non-\UNIX{} operating systems the
-\module{posix} module is not available, but a subset is always
-available through the \refmodule{os} interface. Once \refmodule{os} is
-imported, there is \emph{no} performance penalty in using it instead
-of \module{posix}. In addition, \refmodule{os}\refstmodindex{os}
-provides some additional functionality, such as automatically calling
-\function{putenv()} when an entry in \code{os.environ} is changed.
-
-The descriptions below are very terse; refer to the corresponding
-\UNIX{} manual (or \POSIX{} documentation) entry for more information.
-Arguments called \var{path} refer to a pathname given as a string.
-
-Errors are reported as exceptions; the usual exceptions are given for
-type errors, while errors reported by the system calls raise
-\exception{error} (a synonym for the standard exception
-\exception{OSError}), described below.
-
-
-\subsection{Large File Support \label{posix-large-files}}
-\sectionauthor{Steve Clift}{clift@mail.anacapa.net}
-\index{large files}
-\index{file!large files}
-
-
-Several operating systems (including AIX, HPUX, Irix and Solaris)
-provide support for files that are larger than 2 Gb from a C
-programming model where \ctype{int} and \ctype{long} are 32-bit
-values. This is typically accomplished by defining the relevant size
-and offset types as 64-bit values. Such files are sometimes referred
-to as \dfn{large files}.
-
-Large file support is enabled in Python when the size of an
-\ctype{off_t} is larger than a \ctype{long} and the \ctype{long long}
-type is available and is at least as large as an \ctype{off_t}. Python
-longs are then used to represent file sizes, offsets and other values
-that can exceed the range of a Python int. It may be necessary to
-configure and compile Python with certain compiler flags to enable
-this mode. For example, it is enabled by default with recent versions
-of Irix, but with Solaris 2.6 and 2.7 you need to do something like:
-
-\begin{verbatim}
-CFLAGS="`getconf LFS_CFLAGS`" OPT="-g -O2 $CFLAGS" \
- ./configure
-\end{verbatim} % $ <-- bow to font-lock
-
-On large-file-capable Linux systems, this might work:
-
-\begin{verbatim}
-CFLAGS='-D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64' OPT="-g -O2 $CFLAGS" \
- ./configure
-\end{verbatim} % $ <-- bow to font-lock
-
-
-\subsection{Module Contents \label{posix-contents}}
-
-
-Module \module{posix} defines the following data item:
-
-\begin{datadesc}{environ}
-A dictionary representing the string environment at the time the
-interpreter was started. For example, \code{environ['HOME']} is the
-pathname of your home directory, equivalent to
-\code{getenv("HOME")} in C.
-
-Modifying this dictionary does not affect the string environment
-passed on by \function{execv()}, \function{popen()} or
-\function{system()}; if you need to change the environment, pass
-\code{environ} to \function{execve()} or add variable assignments and
-export statements to the command string for \function{system()} or
-\function{popen()}.
-
-\note{The \refmodule{os} module provides an alternate
-implementation of \code{environ} which updates the environment on
-modification. Note also that updating \code{os.environ} will render
-this dictionary obsolete. Use of the \refmodule{os} module version of
-this is recommended over direct access to the \module{posix} module.}
-\end{datadesc}
-
-Additional contents of this module should only be accessed via the
-\refmodule{os} module; refer to the documentation for that module for
-further information.