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-rw-r--r--Doc/library/abc.rst82
1 files changed, 65 insertions, 17 deletions
diff --git a/Doc/library/abc.rst b/Doc/library/abc.rst
index 1048b24..dca6993 100644
--- a/Doc/library/abc.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/abc.rst
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ regarding a type hierarchy for numbers based on ABCs.)
The :mod:`collections` module has some concrete classes that derive from
ABCs; these can, of course, be further derived. In addition the
-:mod:`collections` module has some ABCs that can be used to test whether
+:mod:`collections.abc` submodule has some ABCs that can be used to test whether
a class or instance provides a particular interface, for example, is it
hashable or a mapping.
@@ -55,6 +55,9 @@ This module provides the following class:
assert issubclass(tuple, MyABC)
assert isinstance((), MyABC)
+ .. versionchanged:: 3.3
+ Returns the registered subclass, to allow usage as a class decorator.
+
You can also override this method in an abstract base class:
.. method:: __subclasshook__(subclass)
@@ -124,19 +127,18 @@ This module provides the following class:
available as a method of ``Foo``, so it is provided separately.
-It also provides the following decorators:
+The :mod:`abc` module also provides the following decorators:
.. decorator:: abstractmethod(function)
A decorator indicating abstract methods.
- Using this decorator requires that the class's metaclass is :class:`ABCMeta` or
- is derived from it.
- A class that has a metaclass derived from :class:`ABCMeta`
- cannot be instantiated unless all of its abstract methods and
- properties are overridden.
- The abstract methods can be called using any of the normal 'super' call
- mechanisms.
+ Using this decorator requires that the class's metaclass is :class:`ABCMeta`
+ or is derived from it. A class that has a metaclass derived from
+ :class:`ABCMeta` cannot be instantiated unless all of its abstract methods
+ and properties are overridden. The abstract methods can be called using any
+ of the normal 'super' call mechanisms. :func:`abstractmethod` may be used
+ to declare abstract methods for properties and descriptors.
Dynamically adding abstract methods to a class, or attempting to modify the
abstraction status of a method or class once it is created, are not
@@ -144,12 +146,52 @@ It also provides the following decorators:
regular inheritance; "virtual subclasses" registered with the ABC's
:meth:`register` method are not affected.
- Usage::
+ When :func:`abstractmethod` is applied in combination with other method
+ descriptors, it should be applied as the innermost decorator, as shown in
+ the following usage examples::
class C(metaclass=ABCMeta):
@abstractmethod
def my_abstract_method(self, ...):
...
+ @classmethod
+ @abstractmethod
+ def my_abstract_classmethod(cls, ...):
+ ...
+ @staticmethod
+ @abstractmethod
+ def my_abstract_staticmethod(...):
+ ...
+
+ @property
+ @abstractmethod
+ def my_abstract_property(self):
+ ...
+ @my_abstract_property.setter
+ @abstractmethod
+ def my_abstract_property(self, val):
+ ...
+
+ @abstractmethod
+ def _get_x(self):
+ ...
+ @abstractmethod
+ def _set_x(self, val):
+ ...
+ x = property(_get_x, _set_x)
+
+ In order to correctly interoperate with the abstract base class machinery,
+ the descriptor must identify itself as abstract using
+ :attr:`__isabstractmethod__`. In general, this attribute should be ``True``
+ if any of the methods used to compose the descriptor are abstract. For
+ example, Python's built-in property does the equivalent of::
+
+ class Descriptor:
+ ...
+ @property
+ def __isabstractmethod__(self):
+ return any(getattr(f, '__isabstractmethod__', False) for
+ f in (self._fget, self._fset, self._fdel))
.. note::
@@ -174,6 +216,8 @@ It also provides the following decorators:
...
.. versionadded:: 3.2
+ .. deprecated:: 3.3
+ Use :class:`classmethod` with :func:`abstractmethod` instead.
.. decorator:: abstractstaticmethod(function)
@@ -189,18 +233,19 @@ It also provides the following decorators:
...
.. versionadded:: 3.2
+ .. deprecated:: 3.3
+ Use :class:`staticmethod` with :func:`abstractmethod` instead.
-.. function:: abstractproperty(fget=None, fset=None, fdel=None, doc=None)
+.. decorator:: abstractproperty(fget=None, fset=None, fdel=None, doc=None)
A subclass of the built-in :func:`property`, indicating an abstract property.
- Using this function requires that the class's metaclass is :class:`ABCMeta` or
- is derived from it.
- A class that has a metaclass derived from :class:`ABCMeta` cannot be
- instantiated unless all of its abstract methods and properties are overridden.
- The abstract properties can be called using any of the normal
- 'super' call mechanisms.
+ Using this function requires that the class's metaclass is :class:`ABCMeta`
+ or is derived from it. A class that has a metaclass derived from
+ :class:`ABCMeta` cannot be instantiated unless all of its abstract methods
+ and properties are overridden. The abstract properties can be called using
+ any of the normal 'super' call mechanisms.
Usage::
@@ -217,6 +262,9 @@ It also provides the following decorators:
def setx(self, value): ...
x = abstractproperty(getx, setx)
+ .. deprecated:: 3.3
+ Use :class:`property` with :func:`abstractmethod` instead
+
.. rubric:: Footnotes